CN111702347A - Device and method for precisely processing fiber reinforced composite material by laser - Google Patents
Device and method for precisely processing fiber reinforced composite material by laser Download PDFInfo
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- CN111702347A CN111702347A CN202010461215.9A CN202010461215A CN111702347A CN 111702347 A CN111702347 A CN 111702347A CN 202010461215 A CN202010461215 A CN 202010461215A CN 111702347 A CN111702347 A CN 111702347A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/0604—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by a combination of beams
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/062—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam
- B23K26/0622—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam by shaping pulses
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/062—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam
- B23K26/0622—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam by shaping pulses
- B23K26/0624—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam by shaping pulses using ultrashort pulses, i.e. pulses of 1ns or less
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
- B23K26/083—Devices involving movement of the workpiece in at least one axial direction
- B23K26/0853—Devices involving movement of the workpiece in at least in two axial directions, e.g. in a plane
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/40—Removing material taking account of the properties of the material involved
- B23K26/402—Removing material taking account of the properties of the material involved involving non-metallic material, e.g. isolators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
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- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method for precisely processing a fiber reinforced composite material by laser, wherein the device comprises the following components: a machine tool working platform; a long pulse laser; the long pulse laser cutting head is used for acting a laser beam emitted by the long pulse laser on the cut composite board; a high power ultrashort pulse laser; the laser beam space modulator is used for carrying out space shaping and beam splitting on a laser beam emitted by the high-power ultrashort pulse laser through the ultrashort pulse laser beam space modulator to form a plurality of low-power ultrashort pulse laser beams which act on the cut composite board; the laser beam spatial light modulator is arranged on the modulator moving platform; the invention utilizes the long pulse laser beam and the ultrashort pulse laser beam to cooperate to cut FRP in series, thus realizing the processing efficiency and the processing quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser processing, in particular to a device and a method for precisely processing a fiber reinforced composite material by using laser.
Background
Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) is an advanced composite material formed by curing a high-strength Fiber as a reinforcement and a resin as a matrix, and is widely used as a lightweight material for civil products such as airplanes, satellites, automobiles, ships, sporting goods and the like due to the characteristics of high specific strength, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and the like.
The FRP is formed by compounding two or more than two single materials with different properties, and has a complex multiphase structure, a laminating structure, unique non-uniformity and anisotropy, so that various processing defects are easily generated when the materials are processed by adopting a traditional contact loading type method, and the processing defects not only can reduce the mechanical connection tolerance, but also can reduce the mechanical property of a final product. According to statistics, in the FRP key structural member, the rejection rate of parts caused by machining defects reaches over 60 percent. In addition, the abrasion and the failure of the processing cutter are another common and urgent problem to be solved in the processing process of the FRP composite material.
The laser processing has the characteristics of non-contact, no mechanical cutting force, no cutter consumption, good space-time controllability and the like, and provides unique advantages for overcoming the current FRP mechanical processing problem. However, there is a considerable difference in thermodynamic properties between the fiber reinforcement and the resin matrix. This results in the formation of heat affected zone defects characterized by fiber exposure that are extremely easy to form in laser machining. The ultrashort pulse laser processing FRP can effectively reduce a heat affected zone, but the single pulse energy of the ultrashort pulse laser is small, so that the processing efficiency is very low. The long pulse laser processing FRP has high efficiency but poor quality.
Therefore, there has not been a process solution surrounding the control of the heat affected zone and the improvement of the processing efficiency, nor has there been associated laser processing equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a device and a method for precisely processing a fiber reinforced composite material by laser, which utilize the cooperation of a long pulse laser beam and an ultrashort pulse laser beam to cut FRP in series, thus realizing the consideration of both processing efficiency and processing quality.
The present invention achieves the above-described object by the following technical means.
An apparatus for laser precision machining fiber reinforced composite materials, comprising:
the machine tool working platform is used for installing the composite plate to be cut and enabling the composite plate to be cut to move in the horizontal direction;
a long pulse laser;
the laser beam emitted by the long pulse laser can act on the cut composite board through the long pulse laser cutting head;
a high power ultrashort pulse laser;
the laser beam space modulator is used for carrying out space shaping and beam splitting on a laser beam emitted by the high-power ultrashort pulse laser to form a plurality of low-power ultrashort pulse laser sub-beams, and the plurality of low-power ultrashort pulse laser sub-beams can act on the cut composite board; and
the modulator moving platform is used for mounting the laser beam spatial light modulator on the modulator moving platform, and the modulator moving platform can enable the laser beam spatial light modulator to move in the horizontal direction;
the laser beam emitted by the long pulse laser and the plurality of low-power ultrashort pulse laser sub-beams are serially acted on the area to be cut of the composite board to be cut.
Further, the modulator moving platform comprises a first ball screw, a modulator mounting bracket, a second ball screw, a first motor and a second motor;
the modulator mounting bracket is mounted on a nut of the first ball screw, the first motor is connected with a screw shaft of the first ball screw, the second ball screw and the second motor are mounted on the modulator mounting bracket, the laser beam spatial light modulator is mounted on a nut of the second ball screw, and the second motor is connected with a screw shaft of the second ball screw.
Further, the machine tool working platform comprises a first moving platform and a second moving platform, the first moving platform is installed on the bed base, the second moving platform is installed on the first moving platform, the first moving platform can enable the second moving platform to move along the X direction, and the second moving platform can enable the composite board to be cut to move along the Y direction.
Furthermore, the laser device also comprises a first reflecting mirror and a second reflecting mirror, and laser beams emitted by the high-power ultrashort pulse laser device are reflected to the laser beam spatial light modulator through the first reflecting mirror and the second reflecting mirror in sequence.
A method of laser precision machining a fiber-reinforced composite material, comprising:
the method comprises the following steps: enabling the light beam output by the long pulse laser to act on the composite board to be cut through the long pulse laser cutting head, and quickly cutting the composite board to be cut to form a cutting seam;
step two: the method comprises the steps that an output light beam of a high-power ultrashort pulse laser is input to a laser beam spatial light modulator, the laser beam spatial light modulator shapes and splits the output light beam of the high-power ultrashort pulse laser into a plurality of low-power ultrashort pulse laser sub-beams, and the heat affected zone of a slot on a composite plate to be cut is polished by the plurality of low-power ultrashort pulse laser sub-beams.
And further, in the second step, the multiple ultrashort pulse laser sub-beams are used for grinding the heat affected zone of the slot on the composite board to be cut in parallel.
Furthermore, in the second step, the energy distribution and the spatial distribution among the multiple ultra-short pulse laser photon beams are designed according to the process requirements.
Further, in the second step, the composite board to be cut is a thin board, and the laser beam spatial light modulator shapes and splits the output beam of the high-power ultrashort pulse laser into a one-dimensional ultrashort pulse laser sub-beam array.
Further, in the second step, the composite board to be cut is a thick board, and the laser beam spatial light modulator shapes and splits the output beam of the high-power ultrashort pulse laser into a two-dimensional ultrashort pulse laser sub-beam array.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the invention is provided with the long pulse laser and the ultrashort pulse laser at the same time, can realize the matching of the long pulse laser beam and the ultrashort pulse laser beam, serially cuts the FRP, realizes the high-efficiency cutting of the fiber reinforced resin matrix composite board through the long pulse laser, and then grinds the edge of the seam through the ultrashort pulse laser, thereby obtaining the extremely high quality of the seam, and avoiding the defects of multiple processes and multiple stations in the actual cutting process and the complex processing operation process.
2) The invention can divide the high-power laser beam into the ultra-short pulse laser beam with adjustable energy distribution and spatial distribution through the laser beam spatial light modulator according to the difference of the composite board to be processed, so that the processing process has very good flexibility and designability, high-efficiency and high-quality FRP laser precision processing is realized, and the application range is wider.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an apparatus for laser precision machining a fiber-reinforced composite material according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the serial processing of a long pulse laser beam and an ultra-short pulse laser sub-beam according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a low-power ultra-short pulse laser beam parallel thinning of a heat affected zone according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of parallel application of sub-beams of an equipower ultrashort pulse laser to the kerf edges according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of parallel application of unequal power and spatially unequal distance ultrashort pulse laser beamlets to a kerf edge in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of equidistant array ultrashort pulse laser sub-beams acting on the kerf edge in parallel according to an embodiment of the invention.
Reference numerals:
1: long pulse laser, 2: long pulse laser cutting head, 3: high-power ultrashort pulse laser, 4: first mirror, 5: second mirror, 6: ultrashort pulse laser beam spatial light modulator, 7: support, 8: bed base, 9: lathe bed, 10: modulator mounting bracket, 11: first ball screw, 12: first motor, 13: second motor, 14: first motion platform, 15: second motion platform, 16: the composite board to be cut; 17 ultra-short pulse laser beam.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "axial," "radial," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in an orientation or positional relationship indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and for simplicity in description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered as limiting. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to specific situations.
An apparatus for laser precision processing of a fiber-reinforced composite material according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, an apparatus for laser precision processing of a fiber reinforced composite according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: the device comprises a machine tool working platform, a long pulse laser 1, a long pulse laser cutting head 2, a high-power ultrashort pulse laser 3, a first reflecting mirror 4, a second reflecting mirror 5, a laser beam spatial light modulator 6, a support 7, a machine tool base 8, a machine tool 9 and a modulator moving platform.
Specifically, the bed base 8 is used for providing a supporting function, and the bed 9 and the bracket 7 are both fixedly installed on the bed base 8. The machine tool working platform comprises a first moving platform 14 and a second moving platform 15, the first moving platform 14 is installed on the machine tool body base 8, the second moving platform 15 is installed on the first moving platform 14, the composite board 16 to be cut is installed on the second moving platform 15, the first moving platform 14 can enable the second moving platform 15 to move along the X direction, the second moving platform 15 can enable the composite board 16 to be cut to move along the Y direction, and therefore the movement of the composite board 16 to be cut in the horizontal direction is achieved through the operation of the first moving platform 14 and the second moving platform 15.
The modulator moving platform comprises a first ball screw 11, a modulator mounting bracket 10, a second ball screw, a first motor 12 and a second motor 13; the modulator mounting bracket 10 is mounted on a nut of the first ball screw 11, the first motor 12 is connected to a screw shaft of the first ball screw 11, and the first motor 12 rotates the screw shaft of the first ball screw, so that the modulator mounting bracket 10 moves along the screw shaft of the first ball screw 11. The second ball screw and the second motor 13 are mounted on the modulator mounting bracket 10, the laser beam spatial light modulator 6 is mounted on a nut of the second ball screw, and the second motor 13 is connected with a screw shaft of the second ball screw, so that the movement of the laser beam spatial light modulator 6 in the horizontal direction is realized through the action of the first motor 12 and the second motor 13.
The long pulse laser 1 and the high-power ultrashort pulse laser 3 are arranged on the lathe bed 9, the long pulse laser cutting head 2 is arranged on the support 7, a laser beam emitted by the long pulse laser 1 acts on the composite board to be cut 16 through the long pulse laser cutting head 2, and under the drive of the first moving platform 14 and the second moving platform 15, the relative movement of the output beam of the long pulse laser relative to the composite board to be cut 16 is realized, the composite board to be cut is processed by the long pulse laser beam, but a heat influence area can be formed due to the fact that the pulse width of the long pulse laser is large.
The first reflecting mirror 4 is fixedly installed on the lathe bed 9, the second reflecting mirror 5 is installed on the modulator installing support 10, a laser beam emitted by the high-power ultrashort pulse laser 3 is reflected to the laser beam spatial light modulator 6 through the first reflecting mirror 4 and the second reflecting mirror 5 in sequence, and the laser beam emitted by the high-power ultrashort pulse laser 3 is subjected to spatial shaping and beam splitting by the ultrashort pulse laser beam spatial light modulator 6 and then acts on the cutting composite board 16. The first motor 12 and the second motor 13 can control the output beam of the ultrashort pulse laser beam spatial modulator 6 to perform spatial motion relative to the composite board 16 to be cut, so that the ultrashort pulse laser beam can polish a heat affected zone, and the polishing speed is determined by the first motor 12 and the second motor 13 together.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a method for precisely processing the fiber reinforced composite material by laser, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of enabling light beams output by a long pulse laser 1 to act on a composite board 16 to be cut through a long pulse laser cutting head 2, and quickly cutting the composite board 16 to be cut to form a cut seam, wherein a heat affected zone is formed due to the fact that the pulse width ratio of the long pulse laser is large;
step two: the output light beam of the high-power ultrashort pulse laser 3 is input to the laser beam spatial light modulator 6, the laser beam spatial light modulator 6 shapes and splits the output light beam of the high-power ultrashort pulse laser 3 into a plurality of low-power ultrashort pulse laser sub-beams 17, the plurality of ultrashort pulse laser sub-beams 17 grind the heat affected zone of the slot on the composite board 16 to be cut, and the grinding efficiency is improved.
If a thin plate is cut, the laser beam spatial light modulator 6 shapes and splits the output beam of the high-power ultrashort pulse laser 3 into a one-dimensional ultrashort pulse laser sub-beam array, and if a thick plate is cut, the laser beam spatial light modulator 6 shapes and splits the output beam of the high-power ultrashort pulse laser 3 into a two-dimensional ultrashort pulse laser sub-beam array. The energy distribution and spatial distribution among the sub-beams of the low-power ultra-short pulse laser beam 17 can be designed according to the process requirements.
Example 1:
the device for precisely processing the fiber reinforced composite material by using the laser provided by the embodiment of the invention is used for cutting a 0.5mm carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix CFRP composite plate.
And clamping the composite board 16 to be cut with the thickness of 0.5mm on the second platform 15, starting the long pulse laser 1, and setting the output power of the long pulse laser 1 to be 50W and the pulse width to be 1 ms. The output light beam of the long pulse laser 1 acts on the composite board 16 to be cut through the long pulse laser cutting head 2, the first platform 14 and the second platform 15 are controlled, the moving speed of the composite board 16 to be cut along the positive x direction is 1mm/s, namely the output light beam of the long pulse laser cuts the composite board 16 to be cut at 1mm/s, and a cutting slot is formed.
When a long pulse laser beam is cut on a composite board 16 to be cut to form a 5mm long cutting seam, the high-power ultrashort pulse laser 3 is started, the power of the high-power ultrashort pulse laser is set to be 15W, the output beam passes through the first reflecting mirror 4 and the second reflecting mirror 5, and then is shaped into three ultrashort pulse laser beams 17 through the space modulator 6, the power of the three ultrashort pulse laser beams 17 is equivalent, the power is about 5W, and the pulse width is 10 ps. The second mirror 5 and the ultra-short pulse laser space modulator 6 are driven to move along the y-axis by the first motor 12, so that the ultra-short pulse laser sub-beam is aligned and acts on the edge of the slot. The layout of the long pulse laser beam and the ultra-short pulse laser sub-beam 17 on the composite slab 16 to be cut in this embodiment is shown in fig. 2. Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the ultra-short pulse laser beam 17 thinning the heat affected zone, and fig. 4 shows a layout of the ultra-short pulse laser beam 17 thinning the slit edge. The second motor 13 drives the ultrashort pulse laser spatial modulator 6 to move at a speed of 0.4mm/s along the positive x direction. Since the composite board 16 to be cut has a speed of 1mm/s in the positive x direction, the moving speed of the ultra-short pulse laser beam 17 relative to the composite board 16 to be cut is 1-0.4-0.6 mm/s. The heat affected zone processed by the long pulse laser reaches 100um, the 5W ultrashort pulse laser moves at the edge of the CFRP cutting seam at the speed of 0.6mm/s, the heat affected zone of about 30um can be ground, the three ultrashort pulse laser beams are ground in parallel, and the heat affected zone of about 100um can be ground. Therefore, the long and short pulses are used for cutting the composite board 16 to be cut in a serial and cooperative mode, and the CFRP board can be cut efficiently and in high quality.
Example 2:
the device for precisely processing the fiber reinforced composite material by using the laser provided by the embodiment of the invention is used for cutting a 1mm carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix CFRP composite plate.
And clamping a composite board 16 to be cut with the thickness of 1mm on the second platform 15, starting the long pulse laser 1, and setting the output power of the long pulse laser 1 to be 100W and the pulse width to be 1 ms. The output light beam of the long pulse laser 1 acts on the composite board 16 to be cut through the long pulse laser cutting head 2, the first platform 14 and the second platform 15 are controlled, the moving speed of the composite board 16 to be cut along the positive x direction is 1mm/s, and the output light beam of the long pulse laser cuts the composite board 16 to be cut at the speed of 1mm/s to form a cutting seam. Due to the relatively thick thickness, the kerf edges form a heat affected zone of 120um width.
When a long pulse laser beam is cut on a composite board 16 to be cut to form a 5mm long cutting seam, the high-power ultrashort pulse laser 3 is started, the power of the high-power ultrashort pulse laser is set to be 30W, output light beams pass through the first reflecting mirror 4 and the second reflecting mirror 5, then are shaped into three ultrashort pulse laser beams 17 through the ultrashort pulse laser space modulator 6, the pulse width of the three ultrashort pulse laser beams 17 is 10ps, the power is unequal, the pulse width is 15W, 10W and 5W, and the three ultrashort pulse laser beams are staggered in space. The cutting seam is polished by a laser beam with the power of 15W to form a new cutting edge, a laser sub-beam with the power of 10W polishes the new edge, and a laser sub-beam with the power of 5W polishes the newly formed edge.
The second reflecting mirror 5 and the ultra-short pulse laser space modulator 6 are driven to move along the y axis by starting the first motor 12, so that the sub-beam 17 of the ultra-short pulse laser is aligned to act on the edge of the slot.
The layout of the final long pulse laser beam and the ultra-short pulse laser beam on the composite board to be cut is shown in fig. 2. The layout of ultra-short pulse laser trimming kerf edge beamlets on the composite board to be cut is shown in fig. 5. The second motor 13 drives the ultrashort pulse laser spatial modulator 6 to move at 0.5mm/s along the positive direction x. Since the speed of the composite board 16 to be cut in the positive x direction is 1mm/s, the movement speed of the ultra-short pulse laser beam 17 relative to the composite board 16 to be cut is 0.5 mm/s. The heat affected zone after the long pulse laser is processed reaches 120um, the laser beam with the power of 15W moves at the edge of the kerf at the speed of 0.5mm/s, the heat affected zone with the power of about 60um can be polished, the laser beam with the power of 10W moves at the edge of the kerf at the speed of 0.5mm/s, the heat affected zone with the power of 40um can be polished, the laser beam with the power of 5W moves at the edge of the kerf at the speed of 0.5mm/s, and the heat affected zone with the power of 20um can be polished.
Therefore, the three ultrashort pulse laser beams 17 are ground in parallel, the heat affected zone of about 120um can be ground, the high-efficiency grinding of the heat affected zone is firstly carried out by adopting the high-power ultrashort pulse laser beams, and the residual heat affected zone is finally ground by adopting the minimum-power ultrashort pulse laser beams, so that the introduction of excessive power into a new heat affected zone can be effectively avoided, and the cutting edge quality is reduced. Therefore, the long and short pulses are used for cutting the composite board 16 to be cut in a synergistic manner, and the composite board 16 to be cut can be cut efficiently and in high quality.
Example 3:
the device for precisely processing the fiber reinforced composite material by using the laser provided by the embodiment of the invention is used for cutting a 2mm carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix CFRP composite plate.
Clamping a composite board 16 to be cut with the thickness of 2mm on the second motion platform 15, starting the long pulse laser 1, and setting the output power of the long pulse laser 1 to be 100W and the pulse width to be 1 ms. The output light beam of the long pulse laser 1 acts on the composite board 16 to be cut through the long pulse laser cutting head 2, and the first platform 14 and the second platform 15 are controlled, so that the movement speed of the composite board 16 to be cut along the positive x direction is 0.6mm/s, namely the output light beam of the long pulse laser cuts the composite board to be cut at the speed of 0.6mm/s to form a cutting seam. The kerf edges form a heat affected zone of 150um width due to the relatively thick thickness.
When a long pulse laser beam is cut on a composite board to be cut to form a 5mm long cutting seam, the high-power ultrashort pulse laser 3 is started, the power of the high-power ultrashort pulse laser is set to be 30W, the output light beam passes through the first reflecting mirror 4 and the second reflecting mirror 5, and then is integrated into a six-beam ultrashort pulse laser sub-beam array through the spatial modulator 6, the six-beam ultrashort pulse laser sub-beam array has equal power, the power is respectively 5W, and the spatial layout is shown in fig. 6. Due to the fact that the thickness is thick, when the 5W laser sub-beam grinds the edge, grinding efficiency is low. By adopting the spatial arrangement of the sub-beams as shown in fig. 6, each grinding is serially ground by 2 beams of 5W ultrashort pulse laser sub-beams 17, so that the grinding efficiency is improved. Therefore, the long pulse and the short pulse are used for cutting the composite board 16 to be cut in a synergistic mode, and the composite board 16 to be cut can be cut efficiently and high in quality.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An apparatus for laser precision machining of a fiber-reinforced composite material, comprising:
the machine tool working platform is used for installing the composite plate (16) to be cut and enabling the composite plate (16) to be cut to move in the horizontal direction;
a long pulse laser (1);
the long pulse laser cutting head (2), the laser beam that the said long pulse laser (1) sends out can act on cutting the clad plate (16) through the said long pulse laser cutting head (2);
a high-power ultrashort pulse laser (3);
the laser beam space modulator (6), the laser beam that the said high-power ultra-short pulse laser (3) sends out carries on the space shaping beam splitting through the said ultra-short pulse laser beam space modulator (6), form the multi-beam ultra-short pulse laser beamlet of low-power (17), the multi-beam ultra-short pulse laser beamlet of low-power (17) can act on cutting the clad plate (16); and
a modulator moving platform on which the laser beam spatial light modulator (6) is mounted, the modulator moving platform being capable of moving the laser beam spatial light modulator (6) in a horizontal direction;
wherein the laser beam emitted by the long pulse laser (1) and a plurality of beams of low-power ultra-short pulse laser beams (17) are serially acted on the area to be cut of the composite board (16) to be cut.
2. The apparatus for laser precision machining of a fiber-reinforced composite material according to claim 1, wherein the modulator moving stage includes a first ball screw (11), a modulator mounting bracket (10), a second ball screw, a first motor (12), and a second motor (13);
the modulator mounting bracket (10) is mounted on a nut of the first ball screw (11), the first motor (12) is connected to a screw shaft of the first ball screw (11), the second ball screw and the second motor (13) are mounted on the modulator mounting bracket (10), the laser beam spatial light modulator (6) is mounted on a nut of the second ball screw, and the second motor (13) is connected to a screw shaft of the second ball screw.
3. The apparatus for laser precision machining of fiber reinforced composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that the machine tool working platform comprises a first motion platform (14) and a second motion platform (15), the first motion platform (14) is mounted on the bed base (8), the second motion platform (15) is mounted on the first motion platform (14), the first motion platform (14) can move the second motion platform (15) along the X direction, and the second motion platform (15) can move the composite plate (16) to be cut along the Y direction.
4. The apparatus for laser precision machining of fiber-reinforced composite material according to claim 1, further comprising a first mirror (4) and a second mirror (5), wherein the laser beam emitted from the high power ultrashort pulse laser (3) is reflected to the laser beam spatial light modulator (6) through the first mirror (4) and the second mirror (5) in sequence.
5. A method of laser precision machining a fiber-reinforced composite material, comprising:
the method comprises the following steps: enabling the light beam output by the long pulse laser (1) to act on the composite board (16) to be cut through the long pulse laser cutting head (2), and rapidly cutting the composite board (16) to be cut to form a cutting seam;
step two: the method comprises the steps that an output light beam of a high-power ultrashort pulse laser (3) is input into a laser beam spatial light modulator (6), the laser beam spatial light modulator (6) shapes and splits the output light beam of the high-power ultrashort pulse laser (3) into a plurality of low-power ultrashort pulse laser beams (17), and the heat affected zone of a cut seam on a composite plate (16) to be cut is polished by the plurality of low-power ultrashort pulse laser beams (17).
6. The method for laser precision machining of fiber reinforced composite material according to claim 5, wherein in step two, the plurality of ultrashort pulse laser beam (17) are used for grinding the heat affected zone of the slot on the composite board (16) to be cut in parallel.
7. The method for laser precision machining of fiber reinforced composite material according to claim 5, characterized in that the energy distribution and spatial distribution among the multiple ultra-short pulse laser beams (17) in the second step are designed according to the process requirements.
8. The method for laser precision processing of fiber reinforced composite material according to claim 7, wherein in step two, the composite board (16) to be cut is a thin board, and the laser beam spatial light modulator (6) shapes and splits the output beam of the high-power ultrashort pulse laser (3) into a one-dimensional ultrashort pulse laser sub-beam array.
9. The method for laser precision processing of fiber reinforced composite material according to claim 7, wherein in step two, the composite board (16) to be cut is a thick board, and the laser beam spatial light modulator (6) shapes and splits the output beam of the high-power ultrashort pulse laser (3) into two-dimensional ultrashort pulse laser sub-beam array.
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| CN114012249A (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2022-02-08 | 江苏大学 | Device for longitudinally and invisibly cutting brittle material by multifocal laser and processing method |
| CN117464202A (en) * | 2023-12-27 | 2024-01-30 | 苏州禧屋新材料科技股份有限公司 | Cutting device for composite board |
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