CN117464202A - Cutting device for composite board - Google Patents
Cutting device for composite board Download PDFInfo
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- CN117464202A CN117464202A CN202311810330.2A CN202311810330A CN117464202A CN 117464202 A CN117464202 A CN 117464202A CN 202311810330 A CN202311810330 A CN 202311810330A CN 117464202 A CN117464202 A CN 117464202A
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- composite board
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 288
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 238000003698 laser cutting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 23
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000011094 fiberboard Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
- B23K26/0869—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a cutting device for a composite board, which comprises: the feeding assembly, the clamping assembly and the laser cutting assembly are arranged on the feeding assembly; the clamping assembly includes: a first base and a second base, and a clamping unit respectively arranged on the first base and the second base; a gap is arranged between the first base and the second base; the laser cutting assembly includes: a curved track, and a laser cutting unit disposed on the curved track; the laser cutting unit is rotationally arranged along the curved track; the laser cutting unit includes: a laser, a laser cutting head, a laser control and a laser rotation control. By setting the laser cutting heads with alternate positive deflection and negative deflection, different cutting starting points and laser frequencies are set, different complete closed cutting routes are formed, overlapping of heat affected zones is reduced, repetition of the cutting routes is reduced, heating time and heating intensity of local materials are reduced, and deformation or warping phenomenon of the edges of the composite board is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of machining by using laser beams, in particular to the technical field of cutting by using laser beams, and particularly relates to a cutting device for a composite board.
Background
The glass fiber reinforced plastic composite board is prepared by taking resin as a matrix and glass fiber as a reinforcing material, and has the advantages of certain corrosion resistance, difficult adhesion of scale, low heat conductivity and the like. When the glass fiber reinforced plastic composite board is used as the material of the integral bathroom, a medium-density fiber board is generally added in the middle of the glass fiber reinforced plastic composite board, so that the shock resistance and bending resistance of the material can be improved, and the sound insulation effect can be enhanced.
Laser cutting is a process of cutting by heating a material with a laser beam at a high energy density to melt and vaporize the material, and then blowing the melted material away by an air stream. During this process, the temperature of the material increases rapidly due to the very rapid and concentrated input of energy, creating a pressure that expands and contracts rapidly, resulting in stress in the cut area.
The applicant found that the edge deformation or warping phenomenon can occur in the cutting process of the composite board of the glass fiber reinforced plastic composite board and the medium density fiber board, and the phenomenon is mainly caused by the combined action of thermal stress, uneven cutting stress transmission or edge effect. In the cutting process, the edge is heated to generate thermal stress, the deformation of the glass fiber reinforced plastic and the fiber board is not matched under the heating, the glass fiber reinforced plastic forms edge pressing, and the middle stress is minimum; the property difference or the non-uniformity of the materials of the glass fiber reinforced plastic composite board and the medium density fiber board can also cause the non-uniform transmission of stress; the stress on the edge is larger than that on the central area, the constraint on the edge is smaller, the stress is easy to concentrate, and the edge deformation or warping phenomenon is caused.
Therefore, there is a need for an improvement in the cutting device for glass reinforced plastic composite boards in the prior art to solve the above-mentioned problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art and provides the cutting device for the composite board.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a cutting device for composite boards, comprising: the feeding assembly, the clamping assembly and the laser cutting assembly are arranged on the feeding assembly;
the material loading subassembly is used for transferring composite board to on the clamping assembly, the clamping assembly includes: a first base and a second base, and a plurality of clamping units respectively arranged on the first base and the second base; a gap is formed between the first base and the second base, and the clamping unit is used for clamping the composite board and ensuring that a preset cutting line of the composite board is arranged between the gaps;
the laser cutting assembly includes: a curved track, a laser cutting unit arranged on the curved track, and a driving unit; the driving unit is used for driving the curved track to move to the gap position and ensuring that the parallel section of the curved track always coincides with the preset cutting line of the composite board;
the laser cutting unit is rotatably arranged along the curved track and cuts the composite board in a certain cutting route; the laser cutting unit includes: the laser cutting device comprises a laser, a laser cutting head, a laser control piece and a laser rotation control piece; the laser is used for generating laser, and the laser cutting head is used for emitting laser; the laser control piece is used for controlling the switch, the laser power and the pulse frequency of the laser, and the laser rotation control piece is used for controlling the deflection of the laser cutting head.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the curved track is a track with a closed curve, and is a circular track, a rectangular track or an elliptical track.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the laser includes: the laser vibration unit, the pump source power supply and the working gas supply unit; when the laser control part changes the laser pulse frequency, the laser intensity is kept unchanged by adjusting the pumping power of the pumping source power supply or adjusting the working gas pressure of the working gas supply unit.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the forming of the cutting path specifically includes:
the laser cutting assembly performs curve cutting along the curve track, and the ith circle of cutting adopts laser positive deflection A degree and intermittent cutting; the (i+1) th circle is cut by laserNegative deflection A degree and intermittent cutting, and forming a complete sealing first on the surface of the composite boardCutting the route;
the cutting of the (i+2) th circle adopts laser positive deflection A degree and intermittent cutting, and the starting point of the cutting route of the (i+2) th circle is a distance moved along the curve track direction by the starting point of the cutting route of the (i+2) th circle; the (i+3) th circle of cutting adopts laser negative deflection A degree and intermittent cutting, and the (i+2) th cutting and the (i+3) th cutting form a complete and sealed (i+3) th) on the surface of the composite boardCutting the route;
repeating the cutting mode until the cutting of the composite board is completed; wherein i is an odd number of 1 or more.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the interval distance between the ith circle of cutting and the (i+1) th circle of cutting is the same, the interval distance between the (i+2) th circle of cutting and the (i+3) th circle of cutting is the same, and the interval distance between the (i+2) th circle of cutting is smaller than the interval distance between the (i+2) th circle of cutting.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the positive deflection of the laser refers to an angle between an emission direction of the laser and a vertical plane of the curved track, and the emission direction is towards the first base; the negative deflection of the laser refers to an included angle between the emitting direction of the laser and the vertical plane of the curved track, and the emitting direction faces the second base.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, A is 0-4.5, and does not include 0.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the clamping unit includes: the device comprises a plurality of cylinders and push plates connected with the corresponding cylinders; the cylinders are fixedly connected with the side edges of the first base or the second base.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the push plate has an L-shaped structure.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the laser cutting unit rotates at a constant speed along the curved track during each turn of cutting.
The invention solves the defects existing in the background technology, and has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a cutting device for a composite board, which can be regarded as a miniature staggered cutting device, and different cutting starting points and laser frequencies are set by setting a laser cutting head with alternating positive deflection and negative deflection, different complete closed cutting routes are formed, overlapping of heat affected zones is reduced, repetition of the cutting routes is reduced, more time is allowed to be spent in the heat affected zones formed by the first two circles of cutting, heating time and heating intensity of local materials are reduced, and deformation or warping phenomenon of the edges of the composite board is reduced.
According to the invention, the laser cutting assembly is used for carrying out curve cutting along the curve track, and different deflection angles and discontinuous cutting modes are adopted, so that the change of a cutting route can be realized, and the homogenization of stress transmission is facilitated. Specific reasons include: firstly, the intermittent cutting is adopted, so that the direction of a cutting route is slightly and alternately changed, and the stress direction generated by cutting is also alternately changed, thereby being beneficial to dispersing and uniformly transmitting stress; secondly, the composite board has time to cool and relax, so that the stress is dispersed and released, which is helpful to avoid stress concentration caused by continuous cutting, and reduces the influence of the stress on the composite board; thirdly, through the change of the cutting route, particularly the change of the starting point of the third circle of cutting and the shortening of the break length, the heat affected zone formed by the cutting route and the first two circles of cutting can be misplaced, the accumulation of dispersed heat and stress is facilitated, and therefore the influence of local stress is reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art;
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a synchronous belt drive of a laser cutting assembly and curved track in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a laser cutting unit of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a clamping assembly; 11. a first base; 12. a second base; 13. a clamping unit; 131. a cylinder; 132. a push plate; 21. a curved track; 22. a laser cutting unit; 221. A laser cutting head; 2211. a focusing lens; 2212. a nozzle; 222. a laser control; 223. A reflecting mirror; 224. a cooling system; 225. a laser vibration unit; 226. a pump source power supply; 227. a main power supply; 228. and a working gas supply unit.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those described herein, and therefore the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "transverse," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present application and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first", "a second", etc. may include one or more of the feature, either explicitly or implicitly. In the description of the invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the terms in this application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art in a specific context.
The invention aims at the glass fiber reinforced plastic composite board in the prior art, in particular to a glass fiber reinforced plastic composite board with a medium density fiber board interlayer, and provides a cutting device for the composite board, aiming at solving the problems of edge deformation or warping caused by stress concentration and heat accumulation when the cutting device is used for laser cutting.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a schematic structural view of a cutting device for a composite board. The laser cutting device includes: the feeding assembly, the clamping assembly 1 and the laser cutting assembly.
The feeding component can be vacuum chuck adsorption, mechanical arm grabbing and the like. For example, 5 groups of vacuum sucking discs and 6 groups of multipoint contact arc electromagnet sucking discs are arranged on the feeding assembly, wherein the sucking capacity of the electromagnetic discs is 60 kg/group, and the composite board can bear at least 200kg of weight; the electromagnet is used for absorbing and grabbing mainly, and the vacuum chuck is used for reinforcing the composite board transversely and longitudinally, so that the composite board is prevented from sliding in the carrying process, automatic loading of the composite board is realized, and the production efficiency is improved.
The clamping assembly 1 in the present invention comprises: a first base 11 and a second base 12, and a clamping unit 13 provided on the first base 11 and the second base 12, respectively. The surfaces of the first base 11 and the second base 12 are used for receiving the composite board from the feeding assembly, and the first base 11 and the second base 12 are aligned and arranged on the same horizontal plane, so that the composite board can be horizontally fixed.
The surfaces of the first base 11 and the second base 12 in the present invention may be conveyor belts or may be provided with a coating of wear-resistant material. Wherein, the conveyor belts on the first base 11 and the second base 12 can rotate in the same direction and at the same speed; the coating can be made of ceramic materials such as silicon carbide and silicon nitride, can provide good anti-skid effect, and can not cause abrasion to the composite board.
A gap is provided between the first base 11 and the second base 12, which gap is used for subsequent laser cutting. The length of the composite board in the invention is larger than the length of the first base 11 or the second base 12 and smaller than the sum of the lengths of the two bases, so that the composite board can move between the two bases and be fixedly clamped.
The length of the first base 11 and the second base 12 is 1500-1800mm, and the width is 1300-1500mm; preferably, the first base 11 and the second base 12 have a length of 1600mm and a width of 1400mm.
The holding unit 13 includes: a plurality of cylinders 131 and push plates 132 connected to the corresponding cylinders 131; the cylinders 131 are fixedly connected with the side edges of the first base 11 or the second base 12. In the invention, it is preferable that 3 cylinders 131 and corresponding pushing plates 132 are respectively arranged on the first base 11 and the second base 12, and the clamping units 13 on the first base 11 and the second base 12 are oppositely arranged, so that the two sides of the composite board can be clamped at the same time, and the fixing effect is further enhanced.
The push plate 132 has an L-shaped structure, so that a stable clamping effect is formed between the push plate 132 and the composite plate, and the composite plate is prevented from sliding or deforming during fixing.
The fixing process of the composite board will be described by taking the surface of the first base 11 or the second base 12 as a conveyor belt as an example: firstly, the composite board is transferred to a conveyor belt on the surfaces of a first base 11 and a second base 12 through a feeding assembly, and a push plate 132 is driven to clamp by stretching of an air cylinder 131 of a clamping assembly 1; the air cylinders 131 of each clamping unit 13 can be independently controlled, and the clamping force of the push plate 132 on the composite plate can be adjusted by adjusting the expansion and contraction amount of the air cylinders 131; therefore, the clamping force can be adjusted according to the factors such as the material and the thickness of the composite board, and the composite board is ensured to be stable in the laser cutting process; in the process of fixing the composite board by the clamping units 13 on the first base 11 and the second base 12, the clamping units 13 at the two ends and the conveyor belt can be matched to place the preset cutting line of the composite board between gaps, and the preset cutting line is preferably at the middle position, so that the follow-up laser cutting assembly is convenient for ring laser cutting of the composite board.
The laser cutting assembly of the present invention comprises: a curved track 21, a laser cutting unit 22 provided on the curved track 21, and a driving unit.
The curved track 21 in the present invention is a track with a closed curve in cross section, and may be a circular track, a rectangular track, an elliptical track, or the like. Preferably an elliptical orbit. The design of the curve track 21 in the invention can ensure that the laser cutting unit 22 maintains uniform speed and stable motion state in the cutting process, has smaller vibration and impact compared with the vibration and impact generated by linear motion, and ensures the cutting precision. In the invention, an elliptical track is preferred, the elliptical track comprises two straight line sections and arc sections which are arranged at two ends of the two straight line sections and are connected, the length of the straight line sections is 1600-1800 mm, the arc sections are of semicircular arc structures with the radius of 640-720mm, the length of the elliptical track is 1800mm, and the radius of the arc sections is 720mm.
The curved track 21 is a movable structure that is moved in the direction of the first base 11 or the second base 12 by a driving unit. The drive unit may here be a motor, a cylinder 131 or other power device capable of driving the curved track 21 to move in a given direction. In the invention, the curved track 21 always moves to one end of the first base 11 or the second base 12 in the loading clamping stage of the composite board, and after the composite board is fixed, the curved track 21 moves to the position of the gap between the first base 11 and the second base 12, and the parallel section of the curved track 21 is ensured to always coincide with the preset cutting line of the composite board.
The surface of the curved track 21 in the present invention is provided with a laser cutting assembly which is always rotatable along the curved track 21. The laser cutting assembly is connected with the curved track 21 through a slider, and the slider may be driven by a synchronous belt or a chain, so that the slider may slide along the surface of the curved track 21, where the driving mode of the synchronous belt or the chain is the prior art, and will not be described herein. As shown in fig. 2, a synchronous belt drive schematic of the laser cutting assembly and curved track 21 is shown.
As shown in fig. 3, the laser cutting unit 22 includes: a laser cutting head 221, a laser control 222, and a laser rotation control; here, the laser cutting head 221 is used for emitting a pulse laser and for cutting a composite board; the laser control 222 is used for controlling parameters such as the switching, power and pulse frequency of the laser cutting head 221; the laser rotation control is used to control the rotation of the laser cutting head 221 so that the laser cutting head 221 can cut in a certain direction. Here, the laser cutting head 221 is perpendicular to the curved track 21 in the initial state, reducing the adjustment time.
Here, a laser, a focusing system and a cooling system 224 are further connected to one end of the laser cutting head 221, the laser including: a laser vibration unit 225, a pump source power supply 226, and a working gas supply unit 228; the pump source power supply 226 is an important component of the laser, and provides the necessary energy to the laser to excite the working substance and generate laser light. The working gas pressure is controlled by a working gas supply system inside the laser, the working gas is active particles in the laser, and the working gas is excited from a ground state to a high energy level under the excitation of a pumping source, so that the population inversion is realized, and the laser is generated. The focusing system here is a number of mirrors 223, the laser cutting head 221 comprising: a gun body, a focusing lens 2211 and a nozzle 2212 disposed inside the gun body. The focusing system is used for focusing the laser beam on the surface of the composite board so as to realize accurate cutting. The cooling system 224 is used to cool the laser and laser cutting head 221 to prevent performance degradation or damage due to overheating. Wherein the laser side is also provided with a main power supply 227.
The laser power of the invention is 800-1500W, the initial pulse frequency is 1200-1500Hz, the pulse frequency is increased by 50-100 Hz/circle, and the maximum pulse frequency is 3000Hz; the initial pumping power of the pumping source power supply is 100-200W, and the initial working gas pressure of the working gas supply unit is 150-200psi.
When the laser control part changes the laser pulse frequency, the laser intensity is kept unchanged by adjusting the pumping power of a pumping source power supply or adjusting the working gas pressure of a working gas supply unit; i.e. the laser intensity is kept unchanged while the pulse frequency is increased.
When the pulse frequency is increased by 50-100 Hz/turn, the laser control part controls the pumping power of the pumping source power supply to be increased by 5-10W per turn; or the working gas pressure of the working gas supply unit is controlled to be increased by 6-10psi per turn.
The cutting route of the laser cutting component for the composite board comprises the following steps:
the laser cutting assembly performs curve cutting along the curve track 21, and the ith circle of cutting adopts laser positive deflection A degrees and intermittent cutting; the (i+1) th circle is cut by adopting laser negative deflection A degree and intermittent cutting, and a complete and sealed first circle is formed on the surface of the composite boardCutting the route;
the (i+2) th circle of cutting adopts laser positive deflection A degrees and intermittent cutting, and the starting point of the (i+2) th circle of cutting route is that the starting point of the (i) th circle of cutting route moves for a distance along the direction of the curve track 21; the (i+3) th circle of cutting adopts laser negative deflection A degree and intermittent cutting, and the (i+2) th cutting and the (i+3) th cutting form a complete and sealed (i+3) th) on the surface of the composite boardCutting the route;
repeating the cutting mode until the cutting of the composite board is completed; wherein i is an odd number of 1 or more. The interval distance between the ith circle of cutting and the (i+1) th circle of cutting is the same, the interval distance between the (i+2) th cutting and the (i+3) th cutting is the same, and the interval distance between the (i+2) th cutting is smaller than the interval distance between the (i) th circle of cutting.
For example, taking i=1 here, performing curve cutting on the laser cutting assembly along the curve track 21, wherein the first circle of cutting adopts positive deflection of laser by an angle of a and intermittent cutting, the second circle of cutting adopts negative deflection of laser by an angle of a and intermittent cutting, and the interval distance between the first circle of cutting and the second circle of cutting is the same; the first circle of cutting and the second circle of cutting are exactly complementary, so that the cutting route exactly forms a complete and closed first cutting route on the surface of the composite board;
the third circle of cutting adopts laser positive deflection A degree and intermittent cutting, namely the mode is the same as that of the first circle of cutting, but the starting point of the third circle of cutting route is the starting point of the first circle of cutting route which moves for a distance along the direction of the curve track 21; the intermittent length of the third circle of cutting is smaller than that of the first circle of cutting and the second circle of cutting; the fourth circle of cutting adopts laser negative deflection A degree and intermittent cutting, and the fourth circle of cutting is complementary with the third circle of cutting, so that a cutting route just forms a complete and closed second cutting route on the surface of the composite board;
repeating the cutting mode, wherein the total number of the cutting routes is N; from the fifth circle, a complete and closed cutting route is formed between every two circles of cutting, and the distance among a plurality of cutting routes is gradually reduced until the cutting of the composite board is completed.
Here, the positive deflection of the laser refers to an angle between the emission direction of the laser and the vertical plane of the curved track 21, and the emission direction is toward the first base 11; the negative deflection of the laser refers to the included angle between the emitting direction of the laser and the vertical surface of the curved track 21, and the emitting direction faces the second base 12; a is 0-4.5 DEG and does not contain 0. The actual deflection angle of the laser cutting head 221 can be adjusted according to the actual requirements.
According to the invention, the first circle of cutting adopts laser positive deflection A degree and intermittent cutting, and the second circle of cutting adopts laser negative deflection A degree and intermittent cutting, so that the reasons of heat accumulation can be effectively reduced due to the alternate deflection directions: 1. the different deflection directions can reduce the overlap of the heat affected zones: when the deflection directions of the laser are different, the heat affected zones formed by the two cutting are not completely overlapped, but are staggered, so that the accumulation of heat in the same area can be reduced, and the heating degree of the partial materials is reduced. 2. Alternating the direction of deflection may reduce repetition of the cutting path: because the deflection directions of the laser are alternated, the cutting paths formed by cutting the first circle and the second circle cannot be completely overlapped, so that the repetition of the cutting paths can be reduced, and the heating time and the heating intensity of the partial material are reduced. Therefore, the alternate cutting with different deflection directions can effectively reduce heat accumulation and the range of a heat affected zone, thereby being beneficial to reducing the phenomenon of tilting of the edge of the composite board.
According to the invention, the starting point of the third circle of cutting is moved for a certain distance along the direction of the curved track 21, so that the third circle of cutting route cannot completely overlap the route of the first two circles of cutting, the heat affected zone formed by the cutting route and the first two circles of cutting is misplaced, the degree of heat accumulation is reduced, more time can be allowed to be spent in cooling the heat affected zone formed by the first two circles of cutting, the heating time and the heating intensity of local materials are reduced, and the phenomenon of tilting of the edge of the composite board is further reduced.
The laser cutting assembly described above forms a cutting path that requires the co-operation of the slider on the curved track 21, the laser rotation control and the laser control 222. The sliding block on the curved track 21 needs to ensure uniform movement on the curved track 21, the laser rotation control element needs to automatically rotate the laser cutting head 221 after each circle of cutting, and the laser control element 222 needs to switch the self-adaptive pulse frequency after each circle.
Here the laser control 222 may be controlled by presetting the start of each turn and setting a certain laser power and laser pulse frequency. For example, in the first circle of cutting, when the sliding block moves to the position right above the composite board, the laser control piece 222 controls the laser cutting head 221 to emit laser to perform laser cutting, and controls certain laser power and laser pulse frequency, and the laser rotation control piece controls the laser cutting head 221 to deflect forward by an angle A, so that in the uniform speed process of the sliding block, a discontinuous cutting line is formed on the surface of the composite board intermittently; during the second circle of cutting, the laser rotation control part controls the laser cutting head 221 to deflect negatively by an A degree, and cuts with the same laser power and laser pulse frequency as those of the first circle of cutting, so that the cutting route of the two times of cutting just forms a complete and closed first cutting route on the surface of the composite board; in the third circle of cutting, the laser control piece 222 needs to control the laser cutting head 221 to start generating laser when reaching a designated starting point, the laser rotation control piece controls the laser cutting head 221 to deflect a degree positively, and the control pulse frequency is increased but the laser intensity is unchanged; during the fourth circle of cutting, the laser rotation control part controls the laser cutting head 221 to deflect negatively by an A degree, and cuts with the same laser power and laser pulse frequency as those of the first circle of cutting, so that a cutting route of the two times of cutting just forms a complete and closed second cutting route on the surface of the composite board; the operation is repeated until the cutting of the composite board is completed.
It should be noted that, in the present invention, the laser control element 222 may change the pulse frequency of the laser, and may maintain the laser intensity unchanged when the pulse frequency increases by adjusting the pumping power of the laser or adjusting the working gas pressure.
Wherein in some embodiments the pump power of the laser may be varied by adjusting the pump source power 226 in the laser through the laser control 222. Increasing the voltage of the pump source power supply 226 increases the output power of the laser, which in turn increases the light intensity. As the pulse frequency increases, the laser intensity may be kept constant by decreasing the pump source power supply 226 voltage.
In some embodiments, both the output energy and the pulse frequency of the laser may be affected by adjusting the working gas pressure. The internal loss of the laser can be reduced by properly reducing the working gas pressure, and the efficiency of the laser is improved, so that the laser intensity is kept unchanged when the pulse frequency is increased. When the pulse frequency needs to be changed, the laser intensity can be kept unchanged by adjusting the working gas pressure.
The laser cutting mode of the invention can be regarded as a micro staggered cutting mode, different cutting starting points and laser frequencies are set by setting the laser cutting heads 221 with alternating positive deflection and negative deflection, different complete closed cutting routes are formed, overlapping of heat affected zones is reduced, repetition of the cutting routes is reduced, more time is allowed to be available for cooling the heat affected zones formed by the cutting of the first two circles, heating time and heating strength of local materials are reduced, and the phenomenon of warping of the edges of the composite board is reduced.
Because the starting point and the direction of each circle of cutting are different, and the pulse intermittent laser cutting is adopted, the cutting route is uniformly distributed, the heating time and the heating intensity of each point are reduced, the cutting deviation and the instability caused by heat accumulation in the laser continuous cutting process are avoided, the range of a heat affected zone is greatly reduced, and the influence on surrounding materials is avoided. In addition, in the traditional laser cutting process, the edge of the composite board is easy to generate a tilting phenomenon due to the existence of heat accumulation and a heat affected zone, and the staggered cutting mode can reduce the range of the heat accumulation and the heat affected zone, thereby reducing the generation of tilting edges.
In the invention, the laser cutting assembly is used for carrying out curve cutting along the curve track 21, and different deflection angles and discontinuous cutting modes are adopted, so that the change of the cutting route can be realized, and the homogenization of stress transmission is facilitated. Specific reasons include: firstly, the intermittent cutting is adopted, so that the direction of a cutting route is slightly and alternately changed, and the stress direction generated by cutting is also alternately changed, thereby being beneficial to dispersing and uniformly transmitting stress; secondly, the composite board has time to cool and relax, so that the stress is dispersed and released, which is helpful to avoid stress concentration caused by continuous cutting, and reduces the influence of the stress on the composite board; thirdly, through the change of the cutting route, particularly the change of the starting point of the third circle of cutting and the shortening of the break length, the heat affected zone formed by the cutting route and the first two circles of cutting can be misplaced, the accumulation of dispersed heat and stress is facilitated, and therefore the influence of local stress is reduced.
The micro staggered cutting technology is an effective laser cutting technical scheme, can be applied to cutting of various different types of composite boards, and has the advantages of improving cutting precision and stability, reducing heat accumulation and heat affected zone, improving cutting efficiency, adapting to different materials and thicknesses and the like; the technique can also be adapted to composite boards of different materials and thickness by adjusting the parameters of the laser control 222, the laser rotation control, and the slide blocks on the curved track 21. Therefore, the miniature staggered cutting technology has wide application prospect.
Example 1
The experiment was performed using a composite board comprising: the upper layer and the lower layer of glass fiber reinforced plastic composite plates and the middle density fiberboard are adhered by resin; wherein, the thickness of the glass fiber reinforced plastic composite boards of the upper layer and the lower layer is 6mm, and the thickness of the medium density fiberboard is 15mm; the density of glass fiber used in the glass fiber reinforced plastic composite board is between 2.0g/cm and the density of the medium density fiber board is 600 kg/m; the glass fiber reinforced plastic composite board and the medium density fiber board have the size of 2440mm multiplied by 1220mm.
Experimental group: the preset cutting line of the composite board is arranged at the middle position along the length direction of the composite board, and after being clamped by the clamping component 1, an elliptical track is adopted, the length of the elliptical track is 1800mm, the radius of an arc section is 720mm, and the speed of the laser cutting component in each circle of cutting is 0.54m/s; the laser power is 1000W, the initial pulse frequency is 1500Hz, the pulse frequency is increased by 100 Hz/circle, and the maximum pulse frequency is 3000Hz; the laser control part controls the pumping power of the pumping source power supply to be increased by 6W per turn; the first circle of cutting adopts laser positive deflection of 3.5 degrees and intermittent cutting, the second circle of cutting adopts laser negative deflection of 3.5 degrees and intermittent cutting, and the interval distance between the first circle of cutting and the second circle of cutting is the same; the first circle of cutting and the second circle of cutting are exactly complementary, so that the cutting route exactly forms a complete and closed first cutting route on the surface of the composite board; the third circle of cutting adopts laser to positively deflect 3.5 degrees and intermittently cuts, namely the cutting mode is the same as that of the first circle of cutting, but the starting point of the third circle of cutting route is the starting point of the first circle of cutting route and moves for a distance along the direction of the curve track 21; the intermittent length of the third circle of cutting is smaller than that of the first circle of cutting and the second circle of cutting; the fourth circle of cutting adopts laser negative deflection of 3.5 degrees and intermittent cutting, and the fourth circle of cutting is complementary with the third circle of cutting, so that a cutting route just forms a complete and closed second cutting route on the surface of the composite board; repeating the cutting mode, wherein the total number of the cutting routes is N; from the fifth circle, a complete and closed cutting route is formed between every two circles of cutting, and the distance among a plurality of cutting routes is gradually reduced until the cutting of the composite board is completed.
Control group: the preset cutting line of the composite board is arranged at the middle position along the length direction of the composite board, and after being clamped by the clamping assembly 1, the composite board is continuously cut by using the laser power of 1000W and the pulse frequency of 1500 Hz.
The surfaces of the composite boards cut by the experimental group and the control group were observed, and an experiment of the degree of warpage was designed, so that the following data were obtained, see the following table.
Wherein, the experimental steps include:
preparing a laser range finder, namely respectively placing the composite boards of the experimental group and the control group on a flat workbench to ensure that the surfaces of the boards are in close contact with the workbench; selecting a plurality of points to measure along the length direction of the composite board by using a laser range finder and recording the tilting height of each point near a preset cutting line; and respectively carrying out multiple measurements on the composite boards of the experimental group and the control group, and calculating the average tilting height.
The average tilting heights of the composite boards of the experimental group and the control group are compared to determine the influence of different cutting modes on the tilting degree. By comparing the two groups of data, whether the influence of the experimental group on the tilting degree of the composite board by adopting a discontinuous cutting and increasing pulse frequency mode is obvious or not can be intuitively observed.
Example 2
To verify the effect of different deflection angles on the cutting of the composite board.
Experiment group 1: the preset cutting line of the composite board is arranged at the middle position along the length direction of the composite board, and after being clamped by the clamping component 1, an elliptical track is adopted, the length of the elliptical track is 1800mm, the radius of an arc section is 720mm, and the speed of the laser cutting component in each circle of cutting is 0.54m/s; the laser power is 1000W, the initial pulse frequency is 1500Hz, the pulse frequency is increased by 100 Hz/circle, and the maximum pulse frequency is 3000Hz; the laser control part controls the pumping power of the pumping source power supply to be increased by 6W per turn; the first circle of cutting adopts laser positive deflection of 0.5 degrees and intermittent cutting, the second circle of cutting adopts laser negative deflection of 0.5 degrees and intermittent cutting, and the interval distance between the first circle of cutting and the second circle of cutting is the same; the first circle of cutting and the second circle of cutting are exactly complementary, so that the cutting route exactly forms a complete and closed first cutting route on the surface of the composite board; the third circle of cutting adopts laser positive deflection of 0.5 degrees and intermittent cutting, namely the mode is the same as that of the first circle of cutting, but the starting point of the third circle of cutting route is the starting point of the first circle of cutting route which moves for a distance along the direction of the curve track 21; the intermittent length of the third circle of cutting is smaller than that of the first circle of cutting and the second circle of cutting; the fourth circle of cutting adopts laser negative deflection of 0.5 degrees and intermittent cutting, and the fourth circle of cutting is complementary with the third circle of cutting, so that a cutting route just forms a complete and closed second cutting route on the surface of the composite board; repeating the cutting mode, wherein the total number of the cutting routes is N; from the fifth circle, a complete and closed cutting route is formed between every two circles of cutting, and the distance among a plurality of cutting routes is gradually reduced until the cutting of the composite board is completed.
Experiment group 2: the deflection angle was modified to 1.5 ° on the basis of experimental group 1.
Experiment group 3: the deflection angle was modified to 2.5 ° on the basis of experimental group 1.
Experiment group 4: the deflection angle was modified to 3.5 ° on the basis of experimental group 1.
Experimental group 5: the deflection angle was modified to 4.5 ° on the basis of experimental group 1.
Experiment group 6: the deflection angle was modified to 5.5 ° on the basis of experimental group 1.
The surfaces of the composite boards cut in the experimental groups 1 to 6 were observed, and the experiments of the degree of warpage were designed, so that the following data were obtained, see the following table.
| Surface topography | Average lift height/mm | |
| Experimental group 1 (0.5 degree) | Obvious burn mark on the edge | 0.40 |
| Experimental group 2 (1.5 degree) | Less edge burn mark | 0.23 |
| Experimental group 3 (2.5 degree) | Less edge burn mark | 0.11 |
| Experimental group 4 (3.5 degree) | Less edge burn mark | 0.03 |
| Experimental group 5 (4.5 degree) | Less edge burn mark | 0.35 |
| Experimental group 6 (5.5 degree) | Obvious burn marks are arranged on the edge, and a plurality of burn marks appear | 1.09 |
As can be seen from the above table, when the deflection angle is increased to 5.5 °, the focal position of the cutting line deviates from the surface of the material, and the heat distribution to the composite board is uneven, a plurality of burn marks may occur.
The above-described preferred embodiments according to the present invention are intended to suggest that, from the above description, various changes and modifications can be made by the person skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the technical idea of the present invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the description, but must be determined according to the scope of claims.
Claims (10)
1. A cutting device for composite boards, comprising: the feeding assembly, the clamping assembly and the laser cutting assembly are characterized in that,
the material loading subassembly is used for transferring composite board to on the clamping assembly, the clamping assembly includes: a first base and a second base, and a plurality of clamping units respectively arranged on the first base and the second base; a gap is formed between the first base and the second base, and the clamping unit is used for clamping the composite board and ensuring that a preset cutting line of the composite board is arranged between the gaps;
the laser cutting assembly includes: a curved track, a laser cutting unit arranged on the curved track, and a driving unit; the driving unit is used for driving the curved track to move to the gap position and ensuring that the parallel section of the curved track always coincides with the preset cutting line of the composite board;
the laser cutting unit is rotatably arranged along the curved track and cuts the composite board in a certain cutting route; the laser cutting unit includes: the laser cutting device comprises a laser, a laser cutting head, a laser control piece and a laser rotation control piece; the laser is used for generating laser, the laser cutting head is used for emitting laser, the laser control piece is used for controlling the switch, the laser power and the laser pulse frequency of the laser, and the laser rotation control piece is used for controlling deflection of the laser cutting head.
2. A cutting device for composite boards according to claim 1, wherein: the curved track is a track with a closed curve section, and is a circular track, a rectangular track or an elliptic track.
3. A cutting device for composite boards according to claim 1, wherein: the laser includes: the laser vibration unit, the pump source power supply and the working gas supply unit; when the laser control part changes the laser pulse frequency, the laser intensity is kept unchanged by adjusting the pumping power of the pumping source power supply or adjusting the working gas pressure of the working gas supply unit.
4. A cutting device for composite boards according to claim 1, wherein: the forming of the cutting route specifically comprises the following steps:
the laser cutting assembly performs curve cutting along the curve track, and the ith circle of cutting adopts laser positive deflection A degree and intermittent cutting; the (i+1) th circle is cut by adopting laser negative deflection A degree and intermittent cutting, and a complete and sealed first circle is formed on the surface of the composite boardCutting the route;
the cutting of the (i+2) th circle adopts laser positive deflection A degree and intermittent cutting, and the starting point of the cutting route of the (i+2) th circle is a distance moved along the curve track direction by the starting point of the cutting route of the (i+2) th circle; the (i+3) th circle of cutting adopts laser negative deflection A degree and intermittent cutting, and the (i+2) th cutting and the (i+3) th cutting form a complete and sealed (i+3) th) on the surface of the composite boardCutting the route;
repeating the cutting mode until the cutting of the composite board is completed; wherein i is an odd number of 1 or more.
5. The cutting device for composite boards according to claim 4, wherein: the interval distance between the ith circle of cutting and the (i+1) th circle of cutting is the same, the interval distance between the (i+2) th cutting and the (i+3) th cutting is the same, and the interval distance between the (i+2) th cutting is smaller than the interval distance between the (i+2) th circle of cutting.
6. The cutting device for composite boards according to claim 4, wherein: the positive deflection of the laser refers to an included angle between the emitting direction of the laser and the vertical plane of the curve track, and the emitting direction faces the first base; the negative deflection of the laser refers to an included angle between the emitting direction of the laser and the vertical plane of the curved track, and the emitting direction faces the second base.
7. The cutting device for composite boards according to claim 4, wherein: a is 0-4.5 DEG and does not contain 0.
8. A cutting device for composite boards according to claim 1, wherein: the clamping unit includes: the device comprises a plurality of cylinders and push plates connected with the corresponding cylinders; the cylinders are fixedly connected with the side edges of the first base or the second base.
9. A cutting device for composite boards according to claim 8, wherein: the push plate is of an L-shaped structure.
10. The cutting device for composite boards according to claim 4, wherein: the laser cutting unit rotates at a constant speed along the curved track in each circle of cutting.
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