CN111700034B - 一种基于中枢神经系统髓鞘功能改变的精神分裂症动物模型的构建方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种基于中枢神经系统髓鞘功能改变的精神分裂症动物模型的构建方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111700034B CN111700034B CN202010442541.5A CN202010442541A CN111700034B CN 111700034 B CN111700034 B CN 111700034B CN 202010442541 A CN202010442541 A CN 202010442541A CN 111700034 B CN111700034 B CN 111700034B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- loxp
- tet1
- mouse
- mice
- schizophrenia
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 201000000980 schizophrenia Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000010171 animal model Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 210000003007 myelin sheath Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 210000003169 central nervous system Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 210000004248 oligodendroglia Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 241000699666 Mus <mouse, genus> Species 0.000 claims description 48
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 18
- 101150059786 Tet1 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 15
- 102000006386 Myelin Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 13
- 108010083674 Myelin Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 13
- 210000005012 myelin Anatomy 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 108010051219 Cre recombinase Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 108700024394 Exon Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000004952 blastocoel Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010363 gene targeting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002744 homologous recombination Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006801 homologous recombination Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 101150115192 OLIG1 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002105 Southern blotting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000000349 chromosome Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012217 deletion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000037430 deletion Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000013020 embryo development Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000520 microinjection Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 108091008146 restriction endonucleases Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003752 polymerase chain reaction Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 108091023040 Transcription factor Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 102000040945 Transcription factor Human genes 0.000 claims 1
- 210000003855 cell nucleus Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001149 cognitive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003542 behavioural effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000008506 pathogenesis Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000004064 dysfunction Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011269 treatment regimen Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010172 mouse model Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 21
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 14
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 10
- 108020004414 DNA Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 7
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 206010001497 Agitation Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 208000019901 Anxiety disease Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 206010020649 Hyperkeratosis Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 230000036506 anxiety Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011813 knockout mouse model Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000023105 myelination Effects 0.000 description 5
- KISWVXRQTGLFGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[2-[[6-amino-2-[[2-[[2-[[5-amino-2-[[2-[[1-[2-[[6-amino-2-[(2,5-diamino-5-oxopentanoyl)amino]hexanoyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)p Chemical compound C1CCN(C(=O)C(CCCN=C(N)N)NC(=O)C(CCCCN)NC(=O)C(N)CCC(N)=O)C1C(=O)NC(CO)C(=O)NC(CCC(N)=O)C(=O)NC(CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)NC(CO)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(O)=O)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 KISWVXRQTGLFGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 208000016192 Demyelinating disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 206010012305 Demyelination Diseases 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000010877 cognitive disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000035475 disorder Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 210000001671 embryonic stem cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003209 gene knockout Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007659 motor function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000005036 nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 210000004940 nucleus Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000001575 pathological effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 206010002942 Apathy Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 102000006378 Catechol O-methyltransferase Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108020002739 Catechol O-methyltransferase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 208000028698 Cognitive impairment Diseases 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutaraldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCCC=O SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012347 Morris Water Maze Methods 0.000 description 2
- 102000047918 Myelin Basic Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 102000048238 Neuregulin-1 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000556 Neuregulin-1 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108091028043 Nucleic acid sequence Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000003050 axon Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 208000029028 brain injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 210000005013 brain tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYFYYTLLBUKUHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dopamine Chemical compound NCCC1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 VYFYYTLLBUKUHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002158 endotoxin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012224 gene deletion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012239 gene modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000004602 germ cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000012151 immunohistochemical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006008 lipopolysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 2
- BJNBRIBHKLJMAG-ARJAWSKDSA-N methylazoxymethanol Chemical compound C\[N+]([O-])=N\CO BJNBRIBHKLJMAG-ARJAWSKDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000003666 myelinated nerve fiber Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000004498 neuroglial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000002569 neuron Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000002442 prefrontal cortex Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006886 spatial memory Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011830 transgenic mouse model Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004627 transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 101150038172 1.2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- QKNYBSVHEMOAJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol;hydron;chloride Chemical compound Cl.OCC(N)(CO)CO QKNYBSVHEMOAJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NOIIUHRQUVNIDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[[oxo(pyridin-4-yl)methyl]hydrazo]-N-(phenylmethyl)propanamide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CNC(=O)CCNNC(=O)C1=CC=NC=C1 NOIIUHRQUVNIDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FWBHETKCLVMNFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4',6-Diamino-2-phenylindol Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=N)N)=CC=C1C1=CC2=CC=C(C(N)=N)C=C2N1 FWBHETKCLVMNFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010000117 Abnormal behaviour Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100036214 Cannabinoid receptor 2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710187022 Cannabinoid receptor 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010068051 Chimerism Diseases 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108091062167 DNA cytosine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010012239 Delusion Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000020401 Depressive disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100022273 Disrupted in schizophrenia 1 protein Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 206010059866 Drug resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010058314 Dysplasia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000004547 Hallucinations Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101000902072 Homo sapiens Disrupted in schizophrenia 1 protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000001953 Hypotension Diseases 0.000 description 1
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100028328 Membrane-associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain-containing protein 2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710137272 Membrane-associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain-containing protein 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000026139 Memory disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101100455657 Mus musculus Lamtor2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710107068 Myelin basic protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000001738 Nervous System Trauma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000012902 Nervous system disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000004020 Oxygenases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000417 Oxygenases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 108091036414 Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010036467 Poverty of speech Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010091086 Recombinases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000018120 Recombinases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010052160 Site-specific recombinase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000043123 TET family Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091084976 TET family Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000031555 Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011543 agarose gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000246 agarose gel electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004727 amygdala Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 101150036080 at gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000011888 autopsy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006931 brain damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000874 brain damage Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002759 chromosomal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003930 cognitive ability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003920 cognitive function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012240 conditional targeting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009402 cross-breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- OPTASPLRGRRNAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cytosine Chemical class NC=1C=CNC(=O)N=1 OPTASPLRGRRNAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000868 delusion Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001079 digestive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003638 dopamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007877 drug screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001962 electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010195 expression analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195712 glutamate Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001320 hippocampus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000007031 hydroxymethylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003125 immunofluorescent labeling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013115 immunohistochemical detection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002055 immunohistochemical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003364 immunohistochemistry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009191 jumping Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000013016 learning Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003902 lesion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010369 molecular cloning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000028412 nervous system injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000003988 neural development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007472 neurodevelopment Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009251 neurologic dysfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000015015 neurological dysfunction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000003955 neuronal function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002858 neurotransmitter agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 231100000915 pathological change Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000036285 pathological change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010412 perfusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009984 peri-natal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000030683 polygenic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000003234 polygenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012257 pre-denaturation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035935 pregnancy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000020016 psychiatric disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004645 scanning capacitance microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000698 schizophrenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037152 sensory function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009151 sensory gating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000024188 startle response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000946 synaptic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940126585 therapeutic drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003371 toe Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000029252 treatment-refractory schizophrenia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N triton Chemical compound [3H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000031836 visual learning Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/027—New or modified breeds of vertebrates
- A01K67/0275—Genetically modified vertebrates, e.g. transgenic
- A01K67/0278—Knock-in vertebrates, e.g. humanised vertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/027—New or modified breeds of vertebrates
- A01K67/0271—Chimeric vertebrates, e.g. comprising exogenous cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/85—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for animal cells
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2207/00—Modified animals
- A01K2207/12—Animals modified by administration of exogenous cells
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2207/00—Modified animals
- A01K2207/15—Humanized animals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2217/00—Genetically modified animals
- A01K2217/15—Animals comprising multiple alterations of the genome, by transgenesis or homologous recombination, e.g. obtained by cross-breeding
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2217/00—Genetically modified animals
- A01K2217/20—Animal model comprising regulated expression system
- A01K2217/206—Animal model comprising tissue-specific expression system, e.g. tissue specific expression of transgene, of Cre recombinase
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2227/00—Animals characterised by species
- A01K2227/10—Mammal
- A01K2227/105—Murine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2267/00—Animals characterised by purpose
- A01K2267/03—Animal model, e.g. for test or diseases
- A01K2267/0306—Animal model for genetic diseases
- A01K2267/0318—Animal model for neurodegenerative disease, e.g. non- Alzheimer's
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2800/00—Nucleic acids vectors
- C12N2800/10—Plasmid DNA
- C12N2800/106—Plasmid DNA for vertebrates
- C12N2800/107—Plasmid DNA for vertebrates for mammalian
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Cell Biology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于中枢神经系统髓鞘功能改变的精神分裂症动物模型的构建方法和应用,属于生物医药技术领域。本发明以少突胶质细胞/髓鞘功能异常在精神分裂症发病中的重要作用为研究突破点,依据中枢神经系统少突胶质细胞/髓鞘的功能异常,行为学表型与典型精神分裂症的动物行为类似,构建了一种精神分裂症动物模型,属于从全新的角度去研究精神分裂症的病因机制。由于该动物模型构建来源于基因修饰小鼠的交配,可以得到大量模型小鼠,并保证实验批次间的重复性和实验结果的稳定性。本发明通过组织学方法和行为学方法对上述构建的动物模型进行试验研究,发现其能够为全面分析研究精神分裂症发生机制和临床治疗策略提供重要的研究基础。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医药技术领域,涉及一种动物模型的构建方法,尤其是一种基于中枢神经系统髓鞘功能改变的精神分裂症动物模型的构建方法和应用。
背景技术
精神分裂症(Schizophrenia,SZ)是一类严重的神经系统功能紊乱疾病,全世界范围内发病率约为1%,且有家族遗传性。通常该病从青春期的中晚期到成年早期发病,即16-30岁左右。从临床症状而言,SZ患者出现阳性症状,如幻觉、妄想和怪异的行为,和/或阴性症状,如动机缺乏、情感淡漠、注意力缺陷和语言贫乏,以及认知障碍。SZ发病机理复杂且不明,治疗后复发率较高,一部分患者需要终身服药;且存在治疗无效的10%-30%的难治性精神分裂症。因此,越来越多学者提出SZ是由于脑区间的联系通信异常导致的神经系统功能障碍,属于神经发育相关的多基因改变精神疾病。
目前研究精神分裂症的动物模型主要有以下几类:药物诱导模型、神经生长发育模型、动物发育早期脑损伤模型、以及基因修饰模型等。药物诱导模型主要基于SZ发生相关的神经递质改变,包括多巴胺、谷氨酸等;神经发育动物模型较为成熟的方法包括:围产期注射聚肌苷酸胞嘧啶核苷酸(Polycreatinine cytosine nucleotides,PolyI∶C)或脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)、社会隔离、母婴分离、孕期甲基氧化偶氮甲醇(methylazoxymethanol,MAM)暴露等;动物发育早期脑损伤模型主要是通过人为方法损坏新生动物的一些SZ发病相关的脑区,如前额叶皮质(prefrontal contex,PFC)、海马和杏仁核等区域;基因修饰模型的构建主要基于对SZ发病相关基因,如神经调素1(neuromodulin1,NRG1)、儿茶酚O-甲基转移酶(Catechol O-Methyltransferase,COMT)、精神分裂症断裂基因1(DISC1)、大麻素受体2(CB2r),和突触骨架分子等(synapticscaffolding molecule,SCAM也称MAGI-2)等等的修饰、敲除等实现。但是这些模型仅针对单基因改变制作动物模型,不符合SZ属于多基因疾病的特点。综合上述分析,尽管以上模型在一定程度上均可以表现出类似于精神分裂症的症状,但大多数模型是基于神经元功能的异常构建的,忽略了胶质细胞在SZ发病中的重要作用。因此从治疗策略的研究角度,无法解释该病的高复发率、且存在对现有主流治疗药物无效的难治性SZ患者等问题。
近年的研究从基因表达分析、细胞学、动物模型、影像学、SZ病人等不同层面都充分反应了少突胶质细胞(Oligodendrocyte,OL)分化发育异常作为原发性的损伤,与精神分裂症发生高度相关。少突胶质细胞是中枢神经系统的髓鞘形成细胞,而髓鞘是保证神经冲动沿有髓神经纤维作跳跃式快速传导,维持神经元间正常通信,特别是长距离脑区、核团之间联系的重要结构基础。在神经系统损伤等病理条件下,由于该细胞的代谢特点和对各种有害因素高度敏感,导致其十分易于凋亡并发生神经元轴突脱髓鞘,进而损害轴突的神经冲动传导能力。由于发育和病理损伤导致的少突胶质细胞髓鞘缺陷将引起多种精神分裂症样的行为学表型,包括认知障碍、焦虑抑郁等。在人类,髓鞘形成的时间窗与SZ发病年龄特点吻合;而且影像学检查、尸检以及SZ动物模型的研究发现,少突胶质细胞数量减少,髓鞘化程度降低或者髓鞘结构异常是精神分裂症患者脑中重要的病理改变。
根据这些结果,研究人员在一些药物诱导脱髓鞘动物模型中发现,动物也将出现类似精神分裂症样的行为。比如喂食双环己酮草酰二腙(Cuprizone,CPZ)的小鼠,4-5周后中枢神经系统出现了广泛脱髓鞘,并表现出空间学习记忆缺陷、过度兴奋、震惊前抑制水平降低等典型的精神分裂症样行为。但CPZ的髓鞘损伤作用并不是特异性针对少突胶质细胞,其他胶质细胞也会受到损害;而且这些模型存在制作过程相对复杂且时间长、重复性不高等问题。因此,如能建立针对少突胶质细胞特异性损伤导致脱髓鞘的SCZ动物模型,将有助于推动相关病因学机制以及治疗策略的研究。
发明内容
为了克服上述现有技术的缺点,本发明的目的在于提供一种基于中枢神经系统髓鞘功能改变的精神分裂症动物模型的构建方法和应用。
为了达到上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案予以实现:
本发明设计了一种基于髓鞘功能改变制作精神分裂症动物模型的方法,主要包括三方面。分别是:1)转基因小鼠模型的构建与鉴定,2)用组织学方法分析鉴定该小鼠的髓鞘发育缺陷相关表型,3)用行为学实验方法验证分析转基因小鼠出现的精神分裂症样行为学表型。具体技术方案如下:
1、少突胶质细胞中条件性敲除Tet1基因小鼠的构建与鉴定:
通过基因打靶的策略,在Tet1基因10-13号外显子两端插入方向相同的LoxP位点,当该小鼠在导入Cre重组酶的情况下,Cre酶通过识别LoxP位点,切除LoxP位点间的序列,达到在特定细胞中条件性剔除基因的目的。整个制备步骤包括:
(1).条件性打靶载体的构建:条件性基因敲除(Conditional knockout,简称cKO)主要是通过染色体位点特异性重组酶系统Cre-LoxP实现的。分析小鼠Tet1基因(ENSMUSG00000047146)的结构,位于第10号染色体,共有13个外显子。其中第10-13号外显子编码催化结构域,即催化5hmC产生的关键酶活性区域。敲除该段基因后,Tet1基因成为编码缺失酶活性的截短体。利用分子克隆的方法构建含有待敲除目的基因的DNA序列的载体,并在该序列两端各插入一段LoxP序列,得到Flox(Flanked by loxP)载体,如图1所示Tet1loxp/loxp小鼠打靶载体。
(2).胚胎干细胞的基因打靶:将打靶载体用限制性内切酶线性化,并通过电转染方法使其进入小鼠ES(胚胎干细胞,embryonic stem cells)细胞核,利用同源重组原理(也就是核苷酸序列在两个相似或相同的DNA分子之间交换的基因重组),获得Tet1基因两端带有LoxP序列的ES细胞。经过遗传修饰的ES细胞仍然保持分化的全能性,可以发育为嵌合体动物的生殖细胞,使得经过修饰的遗传信息经生殖系遗传。
(3).PCR和Southern Blot筛选阳性细胞克隆:ES细胞基因打靶实验之后需要利用打靶载体携带的基因标记及特定药物抗性,以PCR和Southern Blot的方法将大量的细胞克隆进行基因水平的筛选,获得发生同源重组的阳性细胞克隆。
(4).重组ES细胞囊胚腔注射:利用胚胎干细胞的全能性,通过显微注射技术将其注射到小鼠囊胚腔中,与小鼠囊胚腔中的内细胞团混合,参与到小鼠的胚胎发育。
(5).嵌合体小鼠的获得:选择毛色嵌合率在50%的雄性嵌合小鼠用于繁殖子代小鼠,通过毛色鉴定和基因型鉴定获得LoxP插入的杂合子小鼠(Tet1loxp/+小鼠)。杂合子小鼠互相交配得到Tet1loxp/loxp纯合小鼠。
(6).少突胶质细胞谱系中敲除Tet1基因:将Tet1loxp/loxp小鼠与少突胶质细胞特异性表达Cre小鼠Olig1-Cre+/-杂交育种,获得LoxP和Cre双阳性小鼠,即Tet1loxp/loxp;Olig1-Cre+/-小鼠(Tet1cKO),实现在Olig1阳性的少突胶质细胞中条件性敲除Tet1基因。
应用PCR法鉴定小鼠基因型,包括提取DNA样品、配制PCR反应体系并扩充、琼脂糖凝胶电泳并成像等步骤。其中所用引物分别为:
Tet1:
上游引物:5’-CCCGTCGACAGT AGTATTTTGCCTGCCTGCAT-3’;
下游引物5’-AAAGCGGCCGCATCCTAAATAACCCAA CCACCAA-3’。
Olig1-Cre:
上游引物:5'-CGTTAGTGAAGGGCGCCCCGGGTCG-3’;
下游引物:5'-CGCTAGAGCCTGTTTTGCACGTTCACCGGC-3’。
2.组织学方法分析鉴定小鼠髓鞘发育相关表型
一方面通过免疫组化的方法观察比较发育阶段Tet1cKO和对照组小鼠脑中髓鞘碱性蛋白MBP的阳性着色物数量多少,判断中枢神经系统的髓鞘发育状况;
另一方面通过透射电镜观察发育阶段小鼠髓鞘的超微结构,比较不同发育阶段小鼠胼胝体部位的有髓神经纤维的数量和髓鞘厚度(G ratio),从而判断中枢神经系统髓鞘在发育过程中是否存在缺陷。
3.行为学方法分析小鼠的精神分裂症相关行为表型
根据精神分裂症动物模型常用的行为学评价方法,采用旷场实验、黑白箱实验、高架十字迷宫实验评价小鼠的基本运动功能和焦虑/兴奋水平;利用Morris水迷宫和T迷宫实验检测小鼠的学习记忆等认知能力;采用震惊前抑制实验判断小鼠的感觉运动门控功能。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明以少突胶质细胞/髓鞘功能异常在精神分裂症发病中的重要作用为突破点,依据敲除Tet1基因后中枢神经系统少突胶质细胞/髓鞘的功能异常,行为学表型与典型精神分裂症的动物行为类似,构建了一种精神分裂症动物模型,属于从全新的角度去研究精神分裂症的病因机制。由于该动物模型构建来源于基因修饰小鼠的交配,可以得到大量模型小鼠,并保证实验批次间的重复性和实验结果的稳定性。
本发明通过组织学方法和行为学方法对上述构建的动物模型进行试验研究,发现其能够为全面分析研究精神分裂症发生机制并为临床治疗策略提供重要的研究基础。
附图说明
图1为利用Cre-LoxP重组酶系统建立Tet1条件性敲除小鼠的示意图;
图2为利用PCR法鉴定Tet1loxp/loxp、Olig1Cre+/-小鼠基因型核酸电泳结果例图;其中,(a)是Tet1loxp的PCR结果;(b)是Olig1Cre的PCR结果图;
图3为利用髓鞘碱性蛋白MBP的抗体做免疫组化检测Tet1cKO小鼠的髓鞘发育情况;
图4为利用透射电镜观察Tet1cKO小鼠胼胝体的髓鞘超微结构;其中,A为小鼠P14和P27的胼胝体区髓鞘超微结构代表图;B为P14小鼠有髓纤维的密度统计图;C为P14小鼠髓鞘G Ratio的统计图;D为P27小鼠有髓纤维的密度统计图;E为P27小鼠髓鞘G Ratio的统计图;
图5为旷场实验评价Tet1cKO小鼠的基本运动功能和焦虑/过度兴奋行为;其中,A为小鼠在旷场中自主运动5分钟的运动轨迹代表图;B为Tet1cKO小鼠的运动总距离与对照小鼠比较结果图;C为Tet1cKO组小鼠在旷场中央区的运动路程与Control组比较结果图;D为Tet1cKO组小鼠在旷场中央区的运动时间与Control组比较结果图;
图6为黑白箱实验评价Tet1cKO小鼠的焦虑/过度兴奋行为;其中,A为Tet1cKO小鼠在实验中第一次进入黑箱的延迟时间(Latency)与Control组的比较结果图;B为Tet1cKO小鼠在白箱中停留总时间与Control组比较结果图;C为Tet1cKO小鼠在黑白箱穿梭次数与Control组比较结果图;
图7为高架十字实验评价Tet1cKO小鼠的焦虑/过度兴奋行为;其中,A为Tet1cKO小鼠在开臂中的运动距离与Control小鼠的对比结果图;B为Tet1cKO小鼠在开臂中的运动/停留时间与对照小鼠的对比结果图;C为Tet1cKO小鼠在闭臂中的运动/停留时间与对照小鼠的对比结果图;
图8为水迷宫和T迷宫评价Tet1cKO小鼠的空间记忆能力;a为在水迷宫实验中对小鼠进行前5天的训练期间,Tet1cKO组小鼠与Control组的对比结果图;第六天的测试阶段,撤去平台后,Tet1cKO小鼠到达原先平台所用时间明显延迟b,在目标所在象限穿梭次数c、在目标象限的相对运动距离d和时间e与Control组对比结果;f为T迷宫实验结果;
图9为PPI实验评价Tet1cKO小鼠的感觉运动门控能力;a为通过测量比较不同强度白噪声刺激分别对Tet1cKO和对照小鼠的惊跳反应结果;b为在震惊前抑制(PPI)实验中,不同前抑制刺激强度下,Tet1cKO小鼠的PPI比值与对照小鼠的对比结果。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明方案,下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分的实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都应当属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明的是,本发明的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别类似的对象,而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换,以便这里描述的本发明的实施例能够以除了在这里图示或描述的那些以外的顺序实施。此外,术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形,意图在于覆盖不排他的包含,例如,包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备不必限于清楚地列出的那些步骤或单元,而是可包括没有清楚地列出的或对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它步骤或单元。
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步详细描述:
1.条件性Tet1基因敲除小鼠的获取与鉴定
1.1获取
将Tet1loxp/loxp小鼠与Olig1-Cre+/-小鼠交配,获取子代为Tet1loxp/+;Olig1Cre+/-的杂合小鼠。随后将杂合小鼠与Tet1loxp/loxp小鼠交配,获得条件性Tet1基因敲除小鼠(Tet1loxp/loxp;Olig1Cre+/-,简称Tet1cKO)用于后续研究。如图1所示,图1显示在Tet1基因10-13号外显子两端插入方向相同的LoxP位点,即Tet1loxp/loxp小鼠。当该小鼠与表达Cre重组酶的小鼠交配的情况下,Cre酶通过识别LoxP位点并切除LoxP位点间的序列,从而得到Tet1条件性敲除小鼠。
1.2Tet1基因敲除小鼠的基因鉴定
1)DNA样品制作:剪取仔鼠脚趾1-2mm并对脚趾进行编号,放入EP管中,加入100μl消化液(25mM NaOH,2mM EDTA),加热至95℃,持续30min。结束后每管加入100μl终止液(40mM Tris-HCl,pH 8.0),涡旋混匀,置于冰上备用。
2)按照下表1混合20μL体系,加入PCR管:
表1
3)两步法PCR扩充:预变性95℃,2mins;扩充95℃,10s—60℃,30s,重复40个循环;延伸72℃,7min;终止保存于4℃。
4)PCR产物的电泳分离与观察:利用1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳分离PCR产物,并以DNAmarker指示扩增条带大小和位置。在凝胶成像仪中采图,得出基因型鉴定结果,如图2所示,图2中(a)图显示,目的条带分别是526bp(flox)和417bp(WT)。1#-5#动物的基因型分别是WT(1#和4#)、flox/+杂合子(2#和3#)、flox/flox纯合子(5#)。图2中(b)是Olig1Cre的PCR结果图,目的条带是515bp。1#-5#的基因型分别是WT(2#和5#)、Cre阳性(1#,3#和4#)。
2.组织学方法鉴定Tet1cKO小鼠的中枢神经系统髓鞘发育情况
小鼠大脑的髓鞘发育始于出生后5-7天(P5-P7),到P27天左右达到高峰,P60以后逐渐稳定。利用免疫组化法,选择P16天的小鼠观察髓鞘碱性蛋白MBP的表达情况;利用透射电镜,选择P14,P21天的小鼠观察髓鞘超微结构的变化情况。具体如下:
1)免疫组化鉴定髓鞘蛋白MBP表达情况
P16天的小鼠麻醉后经多聚甲醛灌注固定,取出脑组织,放入4%PFA中4℃冰箱浸泡2h进行后固定,随后更换为30%蔗糖溶液4℃脱水48h以上,待组织完全沉底即可进行冰冻切片制备,获得厚度为14μm的脑组织切片。
染色前为防止切片从载玻片上脱落,用4%PFA室温固定切片30min,KPBS清洗3×10min;以封闭液(3%BSA+0.3%Triton)湿盒中室温孵育切片1小时;加入封闭液配置的一抗,湿盒中室温孵育过夜;次日KPBS清洗3×10min,加入二抗,室温孵育2h,KPBS洗3×10min;DAPI衬染核5min,50%甘油封片;激光共聚焦显微镜观察并进行图像采集。结果如图3,可以看出,P16小鼠皮质(上图)和胼胝体区(下图)的MBP免疫荧光染色显著少低于Control组(标尺=100μm)。
2)透射电镜观察髓鞘超微结构变化
P14和P27天的小鼠麻醉后,用4%PFA+2%戊二醛进行灌注固定,取材后将组织放入电镜后固定液(2%戊二醛),4℃固定48h以上即可进行振动切片;切片前将组织以PBS清洗2次,切片厚度为50μm。
根据观察部位将切片修整为表面积1mm2,长度2~3mm的小条。PB缓冲液漂洗6次,1%锇酸溶液室温固定1h;以PB缓冲液漂洗5~6次,去除锇酸;50%-95%酒精梯度脱水,每梯度脱水5min,最后以无水乙醇脱水3次,丙酮3次。脱水完成后使用丙酮/包埋剂1:1混合包埋,37℃,2h,再放入纯包埋剂中室温过夜。
将组织放到树脂模块中,放入适量包埋剂,60℃烤箱聚合24h;用手术刀片将组织修块为梯形,进行超薄切片,厚度为60~100nm;用铜网捞起切片,晾干后进行铅、铀染色;染色完成冲洗干净即可镜下观察。结果如图4,A图是小鼠P14和P27的胼胝体区髓鞘超微结构代表图,B图和D图分别是P14和P27小鼠有髓纤维的密度统计图。C图和E图分别是P14和P27小鼠髓鞘G Ratio的统计结果。
综上所述,利用免疫组化和透射电镜的方法证实Tet1cKO小鼠在发育期髓鞘形成滞后,髓鞘结构异常。
3.行为学方法验证Tet1cKO小鼠出现精神分裂症样的行为学表型
针对小鼠焦虑/兴奋样行为评价,选择常用的旷场实验、黑白箱实验、高架十字迷宫。与对照小鼠相比,Tet1cKO小鼠在上述实验中均表现出过度兴奋的行为表型。结果如图5-图7。图5中,A图为小鼠在旷场中自主运动5分钟的运动轨迹代表图,每组选2只代表性小鼠。B图显示Tet1cKO小鼠的运动总距离与对照小鼠相比未见显著差异。Tet1cKO组小鼠在旷场中央区的运动路程(图中C)和运动时间(图中D)与Control组相比,都显著升高(P<0.05)。图6中,A图显示Tet1cKO小鼠在实验中第一次进入黑箱的延迟时间(Latency)在Tet1cKO组中为47.93±16.38秒,与Control组的25.41±5.42秒相比有升高趋势。Tet1cKO小鼠在白箱中停留总时间(图中B)和黑白箱穿梭次数(图中C)与Control组相比都有显著的增加。图7中,A图显示Tet1cKO小鼠在开臂中的运动距离比Control小鼠显著升高。Tet1cKO小鼠在开臂中的运动/停留时间较对照小鼠增多(图中B),而在闭臂中的运动/停留时间较对照小鼠减少(图中C)。
针对小鼠的认知功能评价,选择Morris水迷宫和T迷宫,Tet1cKO小鼠表现出空间记忆能力的降低。结果如图8,图中a显示在水迷宫实验中对小鼠进行前5天的训练期间,Tet1cKO组小鼠上岸前游泳距离、平均运动速度和上岸时间与Control组相比,无显著差异。第六天的测试阶段,撤去平台后,Tet1cKO小鼠到达原先平台所用时间明显延迟(图中b),在目标所在象限穿梭次数(图中c)、在目标象限的相对运动距离(图中d)和时间(图中e)与Control组相比都有明显减少。T迷宫实验结果显示Tet1cKO小鼠进入正确臂的比率较对照小鼠显著降低(图中f)。
针对小鼠的感觉门控功能评价,采用最常用的震惊前抑制实验,Tet1cKO小鼠表现出感觉运动门控障碍。结果如图9,图中a图通过测量比较不同强度白噪声刺激分别对Tet1cKO和对照小鼠的惊跳反应幅度未见显著差别,说明Tet1cKO小鼠的基础感觉、运动功能正常。图中b图在震惊前抑制(PPI)实验中,不同前抑制刺激强度下,Tet1cKO小鼠的PPI比值均比对照小鼠降低,提示出现感觉运动门控障碍。
综上所述,本发明考虑到DNA胞嘧啶的羟甲基化(5-hmC)修饰,以及催化5-hmC形成的TET家族氧合酶分子与少突胶质细胞分化和髓鞘化关系密切,TET分子通过调控靶基因的5hmC水平影响基因表达,其作用靶分子众多且存在组织细胞特异性。在少突胶质细胞中条件性敲除Tet1分子将导致小鼠髓鞘发育受损,多种靶分子表达水平改变并出现精神分裂症样的行为学表型。因此,该基因敲除小鼠符合目前有关SZ的病理研究结果,也符合该病属于多基因致病的特点,将为SZ的发病机理和药物筛选研究提供了崭新的动物模型。Tet1cKO小鼠出现典型的精神分裂症阳性行为,即运功过度兴奋;还出现认知障碍和感觉运动门控障碍。因此,本发明基于少突胶质细胞中Tet1基因缺失造成髓鞘功能异常,并制作精神分裂症动物模型是一种崭新的方法,将为精神分裂症机制研究和临床治疗研究提供重要的实验基础。
以上内容仅为说明本发明的技术思想,不能以此限定本发明的保护范围,凡是按照本发明提出的技术思想,在技术方案基础上所做的任何改动,均落入本发明权利要求书的保护范围之内。
序列表
<110> 中国人民解放军空军军医大学
<120> 一种基于中枢神经系统髓鞘功能改变的精神分裂症动物模型的构建方法和应用
<160> 4
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
<210> 1
<211> 32
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 1
cccgtcgaca gtagtatttt gcctgcctgc at 32
<210> 2
<211> 34
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 2
aaagcggccg catcctaaat aacccaacca ccaa 34
<210> 3
<211> 25
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 3
cgttagtgaa gggcgccccg ggtcg 25
<210> 4
<211> 30
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 4
cgctagagcc tgttttgcac gttcaccggc 30
Claims (4)
1.一种基于中枢神经系统髓鞘功能改变的精神分裂症动物模型的构建方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)通过基因打靶技术在小鼠Tet1基因10-13号外显子两端插入方向相同的LoxP位点,在导入Cre重组酶的情况下,Cre酶通过识别LoxP位点,切除LoxP位点间的序列,得到Tet1loxp/loxp小鼠打靶载体;
其中,小鼠Tet1基因ENSMUSG00000047146位于第10号的染色体上有13个外显子,其中第10-13号外显子编码催化结构域,即催化5hmC产生的关键酶活性区域;敲除该第10-13号外显子编码催化结构域后,Tet1基因成为编码缺失酶活性的截短体;
2)将Tet1loxp/loxp小鼠打靶载体用限制性内切酶线性化,并通过电转染方法使其进入小鼠ES细胞核,利用同源重组原理获得Tet1基因两端带有LoxP序列的ES细胞;
3)采用PCR和Southern Blot法筛选发生同源重组的阳性细胞克隆,然后通过显微注射技术将筛选的阳性细胞克隆注射到小鼠囊胚腔中,参与到小鼠的胚胎发育;
4)选择毛色嵌合率在50%的雄性嵌合小鼠用于繁殖子代小鼠,并通过毛色鉴定和基因型鉴定获得LoxP插入的杂合子小鼠,即Tet1loxp/+小鼠;
5)Tet1loxp/+小鼠互相交配得到Tet1loxp/loxp纯合小鼠后代,再将少突胶质细胞特异性Cre小鼠品系Olig1-Cre+/-与Tet1loxp/loxp纯合小鼠杂交,得到Tet1loxp/loxp;Olig1-Cre+/-小鼠,实现在少突胶质细胞特异性转录因子Olig1表达阳性的细胞中敲除Tet1基因,即构建得到基于中枢神经系统髓鞘功能改变的精神分裂症动物模型。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于中枢神经系统髓鞘功能改变的精神分裂症动物模型构建方法,其特征在于,鉴定制备的Tet1loxp/loxp;Olig1-Cre+/-小鼠基因型通过PCR体系,所用引物包括:
Tet1:
上游引物:5’-CCCGTCGACAGT AGTATTTTGCCTGCCTGCAT-3’;
下游引物5’-AAAGCGGCCGCATCCTAAATAACCCAA CCACCAA-3’;
Olig1-Cre:
上游引物:5'-CGTTAGTGAAGGGCGCCCCGGGTCG-3’;
下游引物:5'-CGCTAGAGCCTGTTTTGCACGTTCACCGGC-3’。
3.采用权利要求1~2中任意一项所述的构建方法构建得到的基于中枢神经系统髓鞘功能改变的精神分裂症动物模型在筛选预防或治疗精神分裂症的药物中的应用。
4.如权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,Tet1loxp/loxp;Olig1-Cre+/-小鼠出现典型的精神分裂症样性行为,表现为运功过度兴奋、认知障碍和感觉运动门控障碍。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202010442541.5A CN111700034B (zh) | 2020-05-22 | 2020-05-22 | 一种基于中枢神经系统髓鞘功能改变的精神分裂症动物模型的构建方法和应用 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202010442541.5A CN111700034B (zh) | 2020-05-22 | 2020-05-22 | 一种基于中枢神经系统髓鞘功能改变的精神分裂症动物模型的构建方法和应用 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN111700034A CN111700034A (zh) | 2020-09-25 |
CN111700034B true CN111700034B (zh) | 2021-12-14 |
Family
ID=72537332
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN202010442541.5A Expired - Fee Related CN111700034B (zh) | 2020-05-22 | 2020-05-22 | 一种基于中枢神经系统髓鞘功能改变的精神分裂症动物模型的构建方法和应用 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN111700034B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN114651787A (zh) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-06-24 | 贵州医科大学附属医院 | 用于构建小鼠视神经特异性脱髓鞘模型的小鼠的构建方法及其应用 |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20050210540A1 (en) * | 2004-03-19 | 2005-09-22 | Daniela Alberati-Giani | GLYT1 transgenic mouse |
EP2480684A1 (en) * | 2009-09-25 | 2012-08-01 | Signature Genomic Laboratories, Llc | Multiplex (+/-) stranded arrays and assays for detecting chromosomal abnormalities associated with cancer and other diseases |
US9890364B2 (en) * | 2012-05-29 | 2018-02-13 | The General Hospital Corporation | TAL-Tet1 fusion proteins and methods of use thereof |
US20160186208A1 (en) * | 2013-04-16 | 2016-06-30 | Whitehead Institute For Biomedical Research | Methods of Mutating, Modifying or Modulating Nucleic Acid in a Cell or Nonhuman Mammal |
ES2767318T3 (es) * | 2013-06-17 | 2020-06-17 | Broad Inst Inc | Suministro, modificación y optimización de sistemas, métodos y composiciones para generar modelos y actuar sobre enfermedades y trastornos de células posmitóticas |
CN104450602B (zh) * | 2013-09-17 | 2020-08-07 | 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所 | 非人哺乳动物神经精神疾病动物模型及其制备方法和用途 |
CN109022486B (zh) * | 2018-09-20 | 2021-09-07 | 河北医科大学第二医院 | 一种癫痫动物模型的构建方法 |
-
2020
- 2020-05-22 CN CN202010442541.5A patent/CN111700034B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN111700034A (zh) | 2020-09-25 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN104450602B (zh) | 非人哺乳动物神经精神疾病动物模型及其制备方法和用途 | |
CN106987604B (zh) | 一种制备动脉粥样硬化疾病模型犬的方法 | |
CN109706184B (zh) | 自闭症模型犬的建立方法 | |
CN101617051A (zh) | 动物模型以及用于产生动物模型的方法 | |
CN115851833B (zh) | Notch2nlc基因ggc重复扩增突变转基因小鼠及其构建方法和应用 | |
CN110438160A (zh) | 一种Cd2ap基因敲除动物的构建方法及应用 | |
CN115176760B (zh) | 一种构建视网膜色素变性疾病模型的方法、应用及繁育方法 | |
CN111700034B (zh) | 一种基于中枢神经系统髓鞘功能改变的精神分裂症动物模型的构建方法和应用 | |
CN113957074B (zh) | 一种小脑共济失调疾病模型的构建方法及应用 | |
RU2266002C2 (ru) | Способ получения отличного от человека животного с мутированным нокин-геном, способ тестирования вещества на применимость для лечения болезни альцгеймера (варианты), плазмида (варианты), способ получения первичной культуры клеток или субкультивируемой клетки | |
US20190029238A1 (en) | Transgenic mice | |
JP5393492B2 (ja) | 動物モデル、その作製方法、及び、それを用いた薬物候補のスクリーニング方法 | |
Li et al. | A Bama miniature pig model of monoallelic TSC1 mutation for human tuberous sclerosis complex | |
CN112111529A (zh) | 神经退行性疾病动物模型及其建立与应用 | |
CN116144658B (zh) | 用于构建神经退行性动物模型的sgRNA及其应用 | |
CN107955818B (zh) | 一种非人灵长类动物神经疾病动物模型的建立方法及其用途 | |
Schmouth et al. | Non-coding-regulatory regions of human brain genes delineated by bacterial artificial chromosome knock-in mice | |
Huang et al. | Interspecies blastocyst complementation generates functional rat cell-derived forebrain tissues in mice | |
CN115125273B (zh) | 一种乳头型颅咽管瘤动物模型的构建方法及应用 | |
Hieu et al. | The rat Downunder (Du) coat color mutation is associated with eye anomalies and embryonic lethality and maps to a 3.9-Mb region on chromosome 3 | |
CN109090040B (zh) | 一种Wnt10aflox/flox小鼠模型的构建方法 | |
KR100734815B1 (ko) | Htau24 유전자를 발현하는 형질전환 치매 마우스 및 그제조방법 | |
KR100517831B1 (ko) | PS2 돌연변이 유전자 및 APPsw 유전자를 발현하는 이중 형질전환 치매 마우스 | |
WO1998046733A1 (en) | Chromosome transfer (xmmct) to es cells, induced during the exposure of microcells to radiation | |
CN115927596A (zh) | 一种用于诊断小鼠小脑衰老的生物标记物及其应用 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20211214 |