CN111687407B - Copper powder for laser cladding of phosphorus-copper workpiece and cladding method - Google Patents
Copper powder for laser cladding of phosphorus-copper workpiece and cladding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111687407B CN111687407B CN202010739187.2A CN202010739187A CN111687407B CN 111687407 B CN111687407 B CN 111687407B CN 202010739187 A CN202010739187 A CN 202010739187A CN 111687407 B CN111687407 B CN 111687407B
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- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- RIRXDDRGHVUXNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[P] Chemical compound [Cu].[P] RIRXDDRGHVUXNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical group CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B22F1/0003—
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/02—Alloys based on copper with tin as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser cladding, and particularly relates to copper powder for laser cladding of a phosphorus-copper workpiece and a cladding method, wherein the copper powder comprises the following components: 2.5 to 9 percent of Sn, 0.05 to 0.6 percent of P, 0.01 to 0.05 percent of Pb, 0 to 0.5 percent of Ce, 0 to 1 percent of Y, 0 to 0.2 percent of Sm, and the balance of Cu and inevitable impurities. The method comprises the following steps: pretreating the surface of a workpiece; plating tin on the surface of the workpiece; manufacturing a workpiece cooling support seat in the cladding process; preparing copper powder for laser cladding of a phosphorus-copper workpiece, and drying the copper powder; fixing a workpiece above a cooling support seat, cooling in a cladding process, irradiating a cladding position on the surface of the workpiece by a laser, and carrying out laser cladding on the surface of the workpiece by feeding copper powder to the cladding position by using a synchronous powder feeder; sand blasting is carried out on the surface of the cladding position; and (4) processing and forming the workpiece. The cladding layer and the workpiece substrate are metallurgically bonded, and the structure is compact, pore-free and crack-free. The results of hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance experiments show that the cladding layer and the workpiece base material have natural transition, similar performance and stable curve.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser cladding, and particularly relates to copper powder for laser cladding of a phosphorus-copper workpiece and a cladding method.
Background
In the existing phosphor copper surfacing repair technology, the metallurgical bonding effect can be achieved on the premise of extremely small heat input amount, and batch processing is carried out, and only the laser cladding technology is used. However, in the actual production process, due to the high reflectivity of the copper alloy material to common semiconductor laser and the material characteristics, the cladding has the following problems:
1) before cladding, adhesive or light absorbent coated for increasing the light absorption rate of the base material enters a molten pool to cause adverse effect;
2) before cladding, the surface is pretreated by using a nickel-based material, so that the comprehensive performance of a bonding area and a material increase part is changed, and the later-stage service performance of the part loses linearity;
3) when the cladding is started, in order to reduce the overlarge demand of laser energy density, the aluminum-based doping material is used to change the comprehensive performance of the cladding layer, and the welding bead cladding effect is difficult to control;
4) when cladding forming is carried out, welding beads are easy to crack due to over-speed cooling;
5) when cladding and lapping are carried out, excessive heat accumulation is caused due to repeated lapping, and the thin-wall matrix is easy to deform;
6) after cladding, the cladding layer and the base material have too large material difference, so that the hardness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, electric conductivity, heat conduction and mechanical comprehensive performance of the final workpiece generate too large gradient results.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides copper powder for laser cladding of a phosphorus-copper workpiece, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
0 to 0.2 percent of Sm, and the balance of Cu and inevitable impurities.
The invention also provides a method for carrying out laser cladding on the phosphorus-copper workpiece by using the copper powder for laser cladding of the phosphorus-copper workpiece, which comprises the following steps:
1) pretreating the surface of a workpiece;
2) plating tin on the surface of the workpiece;
3) manufacturing a workpiece cooling support seat in the cladding process;
4) preparing copper powder for laser cladding of a phosphorus-copper workpiece according to the formula, and drying the copper powder;
5) fixing a workpiece above a cooling support seat, cooling in a cladding process, irradiating a cladding position on the surface of the workpiece by a laser, and conveying copper powder to the cladding position on the surface of the workpiece by using a synchronous powder feeder to carry out laser cladding on the surface of the workpiece;
6) performing sand blasting on the surface of the cladding position to remove oxide slag and other impurities on the surface;
7) and (4) processing and forming the workpiece.
Preferably, in step 1), the workpiece surface pretreatment comprises the following steps:
101) washing the large-area oil stain on the cladding surface of the workpiece by using acetone, and washing by using water;
102) removing oil stains in pores of the workpiece by ultrasonic waves, and washing;
103) washing with 8-13% dilute hydrochloric acid to remove oxide on the surface of the workpiece, and washing with water;
104) polishing and washing twice;
105) the microetching liquid is used for microetching the surface of the workpiece, surface activation treatment is carried out, washing is carried out for two times, and the workpiece is immediately put into the tin plating liquid.
Preferably, in the step 2), the surface of the workpiece is plated with tin to a thickness of 0.05-0.1mm, and then the workpiece is washed with water for three times and then dried.
Preferably, in step 3), a corresponding cooling support seat is manufactured according to the shape of the workpiece, the cooling support seat is attached to the lower surface of the workpiece, a cooling medium passage is arranged in the cooling support seat, the refrigerating capacity of the cooling medium is equal to the heat input amount in the cladding process, and the starting balance point is set at 170 ℃.
Preferably, the cooling medium is propylene glycol cooling liquid.
Preferably, in the step 4), after the copper powder is prepared, the copper powder is placed in a flat tray, the thickness of the copper powder is less than 10mm, and the copper powder is dried for 1 hour at 90 ℃.
Preferably, in the step 5), a semiconductor optical fiber laser is selected, the diameter of a light spot is 3mm, the power is 2000-4000w, the axis is inclined by 30-45 degrees, the advancing speed is 0.01-0.04m/s, the lap joint rate is 35-40 percent, the flow of argon protective gas is 15-20l/min, the flow of argon powder conveying and carrier gas is 3-5l/min, three beams of 120-degree coaxial powder conveying are carried out, the conveying amount is 1000-2100g/h, and the specific cladding parameters are controlled as follows:
initial stage 0-20 mm: the output power of the laser is gradually reduced from 100% to 80%, the advancing speed is gradually increased from 50% to 60%, the powder conveying capacity is gradually increased from 30% to 50%, and the pump flow is maintained at a low position of 10%;
climbing stage 20mm-50 mm: the output power of the laser is gradually reduced from 80% to 50%, the advancing speed is gradually increased from 60% to 100%, the powder conveying capacity is gradually increased from 50% to 100%, and the pump flow is gradually increased from 10% to 30%;
and (3) an operation stage: the laser power was maintained at 50%, the travel speed and powder delivery were maintained at 100%, and the pump flow was maintained between 30-100% based on the balance of substrate size and heat sink heat dissipation capacity.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the cladding layer and the workpiece substrate are metallurgically bonded, and the microstructure is compact, pore-free and crack-free. The results of hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance experiments show that the cladding layer and the workpiece base material have natural transition, similar performance and stable curve.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the positional relationship among a workpiece, a cooling support base, a synchronous powder feeder and a laser beam in a cladding process;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the control of cladding process parameters;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of various processes for treating a phosphor-copper workpiece using the method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a side view of the workpiece of FIG. 3.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not delimit the invention.
Examples of the following,
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, a substrate of a phosphor copper workpiece is selected, three grooves are scribed on the substrate, one groove is used as a contrast and is not processed (position of number a in fig. 3 and 4), the other two grooves (position of number B, C in fig. 3 and 4) are subjected to laser cladding by the method of the invention, and the cladding step is as follows:
1) the surface pretreatment comprises the following treatment procedures:
101) washing the large-area oil stain on the cladding surface of the workpiece by using acetone, and washing with water;
102) removing oil stains in pores of the workpiece by ultrasonic waves, and washing;
103) washing with 8-13% dilute hydrochloric acid to remove oxide on the surface of the workpiece, and washing with water;
104) polishing and washing twice;
105) the microetching liquid is used for microetching the surface of the workpiece, surface activation treatment is carried out, washing is carried out for two times, and the workpiece is immediately put into the tin plating liquid.
2) Plating tin on the surface of the workpiece, wherein the plating thickness of the tin on the surface of the workpiece is 0.05-0.1mm, washing with water for three times, and drying.
3) Manufacturing a workpiece cooling support seat in a cladding process:
the corresponding cooling support seat is manufactured according to the shape of the workpiece, the cooling support seat is attached to the lower surface of the workpiece, a cooling medium (propylene glycol cooling liquid) passage is arranged in the cooling support seat, the refrigerating capacity of the cooling medium is equal to the heat input quantity in the cladding process during cladding, and a starting balance point is set at 170 ℃.
4) Preparing copper powder for laser cladding of a phosphorus-copper workpiece according to the following formula, placing the copper powder in a flat tray, wherein the thickness of the copper powder is less than 10mm, and drying the copper powder for 1 hour at 90 ℃; the copper powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
0 to 0.2 percent of Sm, and the balance of Cu and inevitable impurities.
5) Referring to fig. 1, a workpiece 1 is fixed above a cooling support seat 2, cooling is carried out in the cladding process, a laser irradiates a cladding position on the surface of the workpiece, and copper powder is fed to the cladding position on the surface of the workpiece by a synchronous powder feeder 3 to carry out laser cladding on the surface of the workpiece;
selecting a semiconductor optical fiber laser, controlling the diameter of a light spot to be 3mm, the power to be 2000-4000w, the axial inclination to be 30-45 degrees, the advancing speed to be 0.01-0.04m/s, the overlapping rate to be 35-40 percent, the flow of argon protective gas to be 15-20l/min, the flow of argon powder-feeding carrier gas to be 3-5l/min, three-beam coaxial powder feeding at 120 degrees, the conveying capacity to be 1000-2100g/h, and referring to the graph 2 (the line a represents the output power of the laser, the line b represents the advancing speed of the light spot, the line c represents the conveying capacity of powder, the line d represents the pump flow), wherein the specific cladding parameters are controlled as follows:
initial stage 0-20 mm: the output power of the laser is gradually reduced from 100% to 80%, the advancing speed is gradually increased from 50% to 60%, the powder conveying capacity is gradually increased from 30% to 50%, and the pump flow is maintained at a low position of 10%;
climbing stage 20mm-50 mm: the output power of the laser is gradually reduced from 80% to 50%, the advancing speed is gradually increased from 60% to 100%, the powder conveying capacity is gradually increased from 50% to 100%, and the pump flow is gradually increased from 10% to 30%;
and (3) an operation stage: the laser power is maintained at 50%, the travel speed and powder delivery rate are maintained at 100%, and the pump flow rate is maintained between 30% -100% in accordance with the balance between the substrate size and the heat sink heat dissipation capability.
Each stage may be changed at a constant speed like a straight line in this embodiment, or may be changed in a curved line.
Referring to position C of fig. 3 and 4, the workpiece is in this state.
6) Performing surface sand blasting on the cladding position to remove oxide slag and other impurities on the surface;
7) the workpiece is formed, referring to position B of fig. 3 and 4, which is the state after the step is finished.
Claims (7)
1. The method for carrying out laser cladding on the phosphorus-copper workpiece by using the copper powder for laser cladding of the phosphorus-copper workpiece is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) pretreating the surface of a workpiece;
2) plating tin on the surface of the workpiece;
3) manufacturing a workpiece cooling support seat in the cladding process;
4) preparing copper powder for laser cladding of a phosphorus-copper workpiece according to the following formula, and drying the copper powder;
0 to 0.2 percent of Sm, and the balance of Cu and inevitable impurities;
5) fixing a workpiece above a cooling support seat, cooling in a cladding process, irradiating a cladding position on the surface of the workpiece by a laser, and conveying copper powder to the cladding position on the surface of the workpiece by using a synchronous powder feeder to carry out laser cladding on the surface of the workpiece;
6) performing surface sand blasting on the cladding position to remove oxide slag and other impurities on the surface;
7) and (5) processing and forming the workpiece.
2. The method for laser cladding a phosphorus copper workpiece as recited in claim 1, wherein in step 1), the workpiece surface pretreatment comprises the steps of:
101) washing the large-area oil stain on the cladding surface of the workpiece by using acetone, and washing with water;
102) removing pore oil stain of the workpiece by ultrasonic waves, and washing;
103) washing with 8-13% dilute hydrochloric acid to remove oxide on the surface of the workpiece, and washing with water;
104) polishing and washing twice;
105) the microetching liquid is used for microetching the surface of the workpiece, surface activation treatment is carried out, washing is carried out for two times, and the workpiece is immediately thrown into the tin plating liquid.
3. The method for laser cladding the phosphorus-copper workpiece as recited in claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the tin plating thickness on the surface of the workpiece is 0.05-0.1mm, and then the workpiece is washed with water for three times and then dried.
4. The method for laser cladding of the phosphorus-copper workpiece as recited in claim 1, wherein in step 3), a corresponding cooling support seat is manufactured according to the shape of the workpiece, the cooling support seat is attached to the lower surface of the workpiece, a cooling medium passage is arranged inside the cooling support seat, the refrigerating capacity of the cooling medium is equal to the heat input amount in the cladding process, and the starting balance point is set at 170 ℃.
5. The method of laser cladding a phosphorus copper workpiece as recited in claim 4, wherein said cooling medium is propylene glycol coolant.
6. The method for laser cladding of the phosphorus-copper workpiece as recited in claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the prepared copper powder is placed in a flat tray, the thickness of the prepared copper powder is less than 10mm, and the prepared copper powder is dried for 1 hour at 90 ℃.
7. The method for laser cladding of the phosphor copper workpiece as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 5), a semiconductor fiber laser is selected, the diameter of a light spot is 3mm, the power is 2000-4000w, the axis is inclined by 30-45 degrees, the advancing speed is 0.01-0.04m/s, the lap joint rate is 35-40%, the flow of argon shield gas is 15-20l/min, the flow of argon powder-feeding carrier gas is 3-5l/min, three coaxial powder-feeding at 120 degrees is performed, the conveying amount is 1000-2100g/h, and the specific cladding parameters are controlled as follows:
initial stage 0-20 mm: the output power of the laser is gradually reduced from 100% to 80%, the advancing speed is gradually increased from 50% to 60%, the powder conveying capacity is gradually increased from 30% to 50%, and the pump flow is maintained at a low position of 10%;
climbing stage 20mm-50 mm: the output power of the laser is gradually reduced from 80% to 50%, the advancing speed is gradually increased from 60% to 100%, the powder conveying capacity is gradually increased from 50% to 100%, and the pump flow is gradually increased from 10% to 30%;
and (3) an operation stage: the laser power was maintained at 50%, the travel speed and powder delivery were maintained at 100%, and the pump flow was maintained between 30-100% based on the balance of substrate size and heat sink heat dissipation capacity.
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2020
- 2020-07-28 CN CN202010739187.2A patent/CN111687407B/en active Active
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| GB1057897A (en) * | 1963-05-16 | 1967-02-08 | Koichi Mizuno | Process for the manufacture of a bearing surface on a steel surface |
| US5298336A (en) * | 1992-02-18 | 1994-03-29 | Daido Metal Company, Ltd. | Multilayer composite sliding material having excellent seizure resistance property |
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