CN108655970B - Preparation and finishing method of structured diamond cylindrical grinding wheel formed by laser near-net - Google Patents
Preparation and finishing method of structured diamond cylindrical grinding wheel formed by laser near-net Download PDFInfo
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- CN108655970B CN108655970B CN201810551758.2A CN201810551758A CN108655970B CN 108655970 B CN108655970 B CN 108655970B CN 201810551758 A CN201810551758 A CN 201810551758A CN 108655970 B CN108655970 B CN 108655970B
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- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000137852 Petrea volubilis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001315 Tool steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006061 abrasive grain Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009837 dry grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
- B24D18/0054—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for by impressing abrasive powder in a matrix
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B53/00—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces
- B24B53/06—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces of profiled abrasive wheels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/001—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as supporting member
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
- B24D3/04—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic
- B24D3/06—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic metallic or mixture of metals with ceramic materials, e.g. hard metals, "cermets", cements
- B24D3/10—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic metallic or mixture of metals with ceramic materials, e.g. hard metals, "cermets", cements for porous or cellular structure, e.g. for use with diamonds as abrasives
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
- Grinding-Machine Dressing And Accessory Apparatuses (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing and finishing a structured diamond excircle grinding wheel by laser near-net forming, which comprises the following steps: mixing diamond and metal bond powder in a mixing bottle according to a certain mass fraction ratio, performing ball milling, sieving by using a screen mesh, and drying in a drying box; obtaining a segment with a smooth metal matrix to be processed; adding the diamond abrasive mixed powder obtained after drying into a powder feeder; performing laser near-net forming processing on a diamond grinding tool on a segment with a smooth metal matrix to be processed according to certain laser process parameters and a scanning path, and reinstalling the obtained segment into an excircle grinding wheel; dressing the cylindrical grinding wheel; and (5) finishing the cylindrical grinding wheel after the sharpening treatment by combining a steel block and an oilstone. The invention saves the processing time and cost, can flexibly process the required grinding wheel structure, effectively control the relative arrangement position of diamond abrasive particles, improve the chip fluidity and reduce the cutting force and the cutting temperature.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of superhard abrasive machining, and particularly relates to a method for preparing and trimming a laser near-net-shaped structured diamond cylindrical grinding wheel.
Background
With the development of modern processing technology towards high speed, high efficiency, precision and automation and the appearance of some novel difficult-to-process materials, common abrasive tools such as silicon carbide and corundum can not completely meet the modern grinding requirements. And because of the super-high hardness and the adaptability to difficult-to-process materials, the super-hard abrasive materials such as diamond and the like are more and more widely used in modern processing and manufacturing industries.
The diamond grinding wheel used in the prior production is generally manufactured by a multilayer sintering or single-layer electroplating process, abrasive particles are only mechanically embedded and inlaid in a bonding layer, the holding force is not large, and the abrasive particles are easy to fall off too early due to insufficient holding force in heavy-load processing, so that waste is caused. On the other hand, the grinding materials are randomly distributed in the sintering and electroplating tools, the exposure height of the grinding particles is not large, the chip containing space is small, the adhesion and blockage of the grinding chips are easily generated during grinding, the processing performance of the tools is reduced, and the service life of the tools is prolonged.
Therefore, in recent years, a manufacturing technology capable of realizing the required arrangement of the abrasive materials of the bonded abrasive tool in a three-dimensional space and a method for coating abrasive particles by firm chemical bond bonding and metallurgical bonding are continuously conceived and sought, so that the abrasive particles have larger exposed height and controllable arrangement, and simultaneously have larger holding force. The grinding wheel can meet the requirements of part grinding precision and high production efficiency, and can reduce grinding heat damage and prolong the service life of the grinding wheel to the maximum extent.
In order to solve the problems, domestic and foreign scholars study the ordered arrangement of abrasive particles and the surface structurization of the grinding wheel, and find that the surface structurization of the grinding wheel can effectively improve the grinding processing efficiency, reduce the grinding force and the energy consumption in the grinding process, increase the chip containing space on the surface of the grinding wheel, improve the cooling and lubricating conditions, reduce the grinding temperature and the damage of the grinding surface, and has important significance in the aspects of high-efficiency dry grinding, slow feeding grinding, precise grinding of hard and brittle materials, grinding of difficult-to-cut materials, manufacturing of regular texture surfaces and the like. However, the laser surface structuring processing is performed by material reduction after the molded grinding wheel is manufactured, so that the efficiency is low and waste is caused to a certain extent.
In addition, for the novel superhard abrasive manufacturing method, namely vacuum high-temperature brazing and high-frequency induction brazing, the protruding height of abrasive particles is higher, the holding force is stronger, the grinding temperature is lower, and the cutting force is smaller, but the two superhard abrasive manufacturing processes have many defects, the manufacturing period is long, the matrix is easy to generate thermal deformation, and the production cost is high. For the laser brazing processing method of powder spreading, the uniformity of thickness cannot be ensured, the brazing filler metal cannot be tightly combined with a substrate due to the fact that the powder spreading is too thick, and the completeness of the brazing filler metal cannot be ensured on the premise of the existing process due to the fact that the powder spreading is too thin. For the powder-spraying laser brazing processing method, the combination of the abrasive particles and the brazing filler metal is not firm, the processed grinding tool falls off seriously in the grinding process, and the processed surface undulates too much to meet the working requirements of the grinding tool.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a preparation method and a trimming method of a laser near-net-shaped structured diamond cylindrical grinding wheel, which have the advantages of short manufacturing period, easy realization of a required special structure, high bonding strength of a bonding agent and diamond, and capability of effectively solving the problems of diamond sharpness and cylindrical grinding wheel circular runout through trimming. The technical means adopted by the invention are as follows:
a method for preparing and dressing a structured diamond cylindrical grinding wheel by laser near-net forming is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, mixing the diamond and the metal bond powder in a mixing bottle according to a certain mass fraction ratio to obtain unmixed and uniform diamond abrasive mixed powder;
s2, adding a certain amount of corundum balls into the mixing bottle, and then placing the mixture into a ball mill for ball milling to obtain uniformly mixed diamond abrasive mixed powder;
s3, sieving the diamond abrasive mixed powder obtained in the step S2 by using a screen to obtain diamond abrasive mixed powder with required granularity, and drying the diamond abrasive mixed powder in a drying box for 2-3 hours;
s4, removing the segment from the designed cylindrical grinding wheel, grinding the segment by using sand paper to remove an oxide layer on the surface of the segment, and wiping the segment by using alcohol to obtain the segment with a smooth metal matrix to be processed;
s5, adding the diamond abrasive mixed powder obtained after drying in the step S3 into a powder feeder;
s6, performing laser near-net shaping processing on the section block obtained in the step S4 according to certain laser process parameters and a scanning path, and reinstalling the section block with the diamond abrasive material and the obtained specific shape into the excircle grinding wheel;
s7, dressing the outer circle grinding wheel obtained in the step S6 by using a SiC cup-shaped grinding wheel, removing part of the bonding agent and exposing diamond abrasive particles;
s8, the steel block and the oilstone are combined to trim the outer circle grinding wheel sharpened in the step S7, the diamond and the iron-based metal (the steel block) are ground and carbonized, and the oilstone removes a surface carbonized layer to achieve the purpose of trimming the outer circle grinding wheel.
The metal binding agent powder is atomized spherical powder, and the mesh number is 80-400 meshes.
In the step S1, the mass fraction ratio of the diamond to the metal bond powder is 1:20-1: 10.
In the step S2, the mass fraction ratio of the corundum balls to the diamond abrasive mixed powder obtained in the step S1 is 6:1, the diameters of the corundum balls are 1-5 mm, and the ball milling time is 1-3 hours.
In the step S3, the required particle size is 100-200 meshes.
In step S4, the material of the segment is 45 steel or tool steel.
In the step S6, the laser process parameters include protective gas flow of 12-18L/min, powder feeder flow of 7-9L/min, laser power of 120-.
In step S6, the scanning path is one of the following paths:
the scanning tracks are linear, and the interval between two adjacent scanning tracks is 2-4 mm;
the scanning track is in a broken line shape, and two adjacent scanning tracks are spaced by 2-4 mm;
and the two adjacent scanning tracks are in a diagonal shape and are spaced by 2-4 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the complex process of the traditional grinding wheel machining is reduced, and the machining time and the machining cost are saved; compared with the traditional processing mode, the required grinding wheel structure can be flexibly processed, the relative arrangement position of diamond abrasive particles is effectively controlled, the chip flowability is improved, and the cutting force and the cutting temperature are reduced; the strength of the grinding wheel is effectively improved through chemical metallurgical bonding among the diamond abrasive particles, the bonding agent and the base body, the obtained grinding wheel has a self-sharpening effect, and along with long-time grinding, the worn diamond abrasive material can automatically fall off along with the abrasion of the bonding agent layer, so that the abrasive particles which are buried in the bonding base layer and do not participate in grinding are exposed to participate in the grinding process, and the service life of the grinding wheel is effectively prolonged.
Based on the reasons, the invention can be widely popularized in the fields of superhard abrasive processing technology and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of laser near net shape processing in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a designed external grinding wheel in the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a linear scan path according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a zigzag scanning path according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a diagonal scan path in the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of an outer circular grinding wheel dressing device in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an outer circular grinding wheel dressing device in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the laser near-net shape forming process is schematically illustrated, and includes a laser beam 1, a laser upper housing 2, a powder feeding gas inlet 3, a laser lower housing 4, a forming layer 5, a base 6, a worktable 7, a mixed powder flowing groove 8, a laser inner housing 9 and a shielding gas inlet 10.
As shown in fig. 2-7, a method for preparing and dressing a laser near-net shaped structured diamond cylindrical grinding wheel comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing 140-mesh diamond and metal bond powder (100-270-mesh BNi82CrSiB powder) in a mixing bottle according to the mass fraction ratio of 1:10 to obtain unmixed and uniform diamond abrasive mixed powder;
s2, adding a certain amount of corundum balls into the mixing bottle, and then placing the mixture into a ball mill for ball milling to obtain uniformly mixed diamond abrasive mixed powder;
the mass fraction ratio of the corundum balls to the diamond abrasive mixed powder obtained in the step S1 is 6:1, the diameter of the corundum balls is 1-5 mm, and the ball milling time is 3 hours;
s3, sieving the diamond abrasive mixed powder obtained in the step S2 by using a screen to obtain diamond abrasive mixed powder with the required granularity of 140 meshes, and drying the diamond abrasive mixed powder in a drying oven for 3 hours;
s4, removing the segment 11 from a designed cylindrical grinding wheel (as shown in figure 2, comprising the segment 11, the fixed block 12, the positioning hole 13 and the grinding wheel base 14), wherein the size of the bottom surface of the segment 11 is 30 multiplied by 26mm, grinding the surface of the segment by using sand paper to remove an oxide layer, and wiping the surface by using alcohol to obtain the segment with a smooth metal matrix to be processed, the diameter of the designed cylindrical grinding wheel is 82mm, and the segment 11 is made of 45 steel;
s5, adding the diamond abrasive mixed powder obtained after drying in the step S3 into a powder feeder;
s6, performing laser near-net shaping processing on the section block obtained in the step S4 according to certain laser process parameters and a scanning path, and reinstalling the section block with the diamond abrasive material and the obtained specific shape into the excircle grinding wheel;
the laser process parameters comprise the flow of protective gas of 15L/min, the flow of a powder feeder of 8L/min, the laser power of 180W, the scanning speed of 5mm/s, zero defocusing, the diameter of a light spot of 1.5mm and the powder feeding speed of 8 g/min;
the scanning path is one of the following paths:
the scanning tracks are linear, and the interval between two adjacent scanning tracks is 2-4 mm;
the scanning track is in a broken line shape, and two adjacent scanning tracks are spaced by 2-4 mm;
and the two adjacent scanning tracks are in a diagonal shape and are spaced by 2-4 mm.
In this embodiment, the scanning path is a zigzag;
s7, dressing the outer circle grinding wheel 15 obtained in the step S6 by using the SiC cup grinding wheel 16 (driven by the motor shaft 17), removing part of the bonding agent and exposing diamond abrasive grains;
s8, the steel block 19 and the oilstone 18 are combined (clamped by the clamp 20) to trim the outer circle grinding wheel 21 sharpened in the step S7, the diamond 18 and the ferrous metal are ground and carbonized, and the oilstone 18 removes a surface carbonized layer to achieve the purpose of trimming the outer circle grinding wheel.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for preparing and dressing a structured diamond cylindrical grinding wheel by laser near-net forming is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, mixing the diamond and the metal bond powder in a mixing bottle according to a certain mass fraction ratio to obtain unmixed and uniform diamond abrasive mixed powder;
s2, adding a certain amount of corundum balls into the mixing bottle, and then placing the mixture into a ball mill for ball milling to obtain uniformly mixed diamond abrasive mixed powder;
s3, sieving the diamond abrasive mixed powder obtained in the step S2 by using a screen to obtain diamond abrasive mixed powder with required granularity, and drying the diamond abrasive mixed powder in a drying box for 2-3 hours;
s4, removing the segment from the designed cylindrical grinding wheel, grinding the segment by using sand paper to remove an oxide layer on the surface of the segment, and wiping the segment by using alcohol to obtain the segment with a smooth metal matrix to be processed;
s5, adding the diamond abrasive mixed powder obtained after drying in the step S3 into a powder feeder;
s6, performing laser near-net shaping processing on the section block obtained in the step S4 according to certain laser process parameters and a scanning path, and reinstalling the section block with the diamond abrasive material and the obtained specific shape into the excircle grinding wheel;
s7, dressing the outer circle grinding wheel obtained in the step S6 by using a SiC cup-shaped grinding wheel, removing part of the bonding agent and exposing diamond abrasive particles;
s8, dressing the cylindrical grinding wheel sharpened in the step S7 by combining a steel block and an oilstone;
in the step S6, the laser process parameters include protective gas flow of 12-18L/min, powder feeder flow of 7-9L/min, laser power of 120-.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the metal bond powder is an atomized spherical powder having a mesh size of 80-400 mesh.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the mass fraction ratio of diamond to metal bond powder is 1:20-1: 10.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the mass fraction ratio of the corundum balls to the diamond abrasive mixed powder obtained in the step S1 is 6:1, the diameter of the corundum balls is 1-5 mm, and the ball milling time is 1-3 hours.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the required particle size is 100-200 mesh.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the material of the segment is 45 steel or tool steel.
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CN109352540A (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-02-19 | 东北大学 | A kind of macro-structured peripheral grinding grinding wheel of coaxial powder-feeding laser melting coating metallic bond super-hard abrasive and preparation method thereof |
CN109483416A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-03-19 | 东北大学 | A kind of coaxial powder-feeding laser melting coating metallic bond super-hard abrasive structuring circumference one grinding wheel and preparation method thereof |
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CN102922436B (en) * | 2012-11-13 | 2015-11-11 | 北京安泰钢研超硬材料制品有限责任公司 | Skive and preparation method thereof |
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CN107520766B (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2019-04-30 | 东北大学 | A kind of method of laser melting and coating process production metallic bond super hard abrasive structuring arrangement cross grinding grinding wheel |
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