CN104046983A - Titanium alloy thin-wall blade laser-cladding low-stress local orientation cooling restoration method - Google Patents
Titanium alloy thin-wall blade laser-cladding low-stress local orientation cooling restoration method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104046983A CN104046983A CN201410298541.7A CN201410298541A CN104046983A CN 104046983 A CN104046983 A CN 104046983A CN 201410298541 A CN201410298541 A CN 201410298541A CN 104046983 A CN104046983 A CN 104046983A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a titanium alloy thin-wall blade laser-cladding low-stress local orientation cooling restoration method. A certain amount of iron powder is previously bonded around the thin-wall blade defect restoration point, high temperature generated in the laser cladding process is utilized to melt the titanium alloy powder by utilizing the metal melting phase-change latent heat unsteady-state partial high-efficiency heat absorption principle, and heat is conducted to the periphery of the thin-wall blade so as to melt the iron powder; and the melting of the iron powder needs to absorb abundant heat, thereby lowering the superheating, deformation, overburning and burnout in the thin-wall blade cladding process. Meanwhile, since the iron powder is subjected to local orientation cooling, the influence area is small, the microstructure of the cladding layer is uniform, and the grains are refined, thereby obviously reducing the internal stress and cracks and effectively enhancing the restoration forming quality of the titanium alloy thin-wall blade; and the cladding layer has the advantages of higher hardness than the plasma cladding layer, small stress strain, fewer cracks and pores and high bonding strength.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to laser melting coating and increase material manufacture field, relate to the cooling restorative procedure of a kind of titanium alloy thin wall blade laser melting coating low-stress local orientation.
Technical background
Titanium alloy has the advantages such as specific tenacity is high, high temperature performance good, corrosion-resistant, is widely used in aerospace field, is the preferred material of the structural parts such as aerial blade.But its wear resisting property is poor, aero-compressor blade is often because vibrations friction, grains of sand impact etc. are former thereby produce more serious damage.
The method of common surface defects of blades reparation has welding (comprising laser welding, arc welding, flame welding, electrons leaves welding, Plasma Welding, vacuum brazing and tungsten electrode noble gas protecting (TIG) weldering etc.); thermospray (comprising plasma spraying, flame plating, electric arc spraying, detonation flame spraying, vacuum coat method and supersonic spray coating etc.), and plasma body cladding reparation etc.
But the unstable state of these methods in repair process acutely heated, heating intensity is large, heat flow density is concentrated, part heat-up rate is exceedingly fast, and thermal source and workpiece keep relative movement state, the local heating time is short, can only make parts locally thawing or piece surface produce micro-molten, and the shrinkage strain causing in repair process makes the setting accuracy of blade be difficult to ensure.Can cause that thin-walled parts is excessively heated simultaneously, distortion, burning and wear burning, had a strong impact on the size of part, reduced the performance index such as the intensity of part, even make part scrap.Therefore need titanium alloy thin wall blade effective cooling in the course of processing, to prevent that its unstable state from acutely adding being excessively heated in hot procedure, distortion, burning, burning, and guarantees its service requirements.
Laser melting coating is super rapid heating and supper-fast cooling process, have in cladding process the heat input to base material few, heat affected zone is little, and microstructure of surface cladding layer is tiny, the advantage such as easily be automated, therefore adopt the method reblading of laser melting coating to there is obvious advantage compared with other method.Laser cladding layer has higher hardness than plasma body cladding layer, flawless and pore, good bonding interface.
At present, the main temperature distortion that adopts the method for mechanical grip to prevent thin-walled parts, bring thus frock very complicated, implement also more difficultly, and the method can not prevent that thin-walled parts is excessively heated, burning, burn and the decline of the performance such as the intensity that causes thus.The general cooling technology chamber adopting utilizes material thermal capacitance heat absorption principle, carrys out radiating and cooling, because material heat capacity at constant pressure is mostly at 20～40Jk by the mode such as convection current, thermal conduction of gas, liquid medium
-1mol
-1in scope, and heating in laser cladding process has the feature of unstable state and intensity, adopts the cooling effect of this kind of method little to blade, is difficult to effectively prevent that thin-walled parts is excessively heated, distortion, burning and burn.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the cooling restorative procedure of a kind of titanium alloy thin wall blade laser melting coating low-stress local orientation, can effectively improve the reparation Forming Quality of titanium alloy thin wall blade.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
The cooling restorative procedure of titanium alloy thin wall blade laser melting coating low-stress local orientation, comprises the following steps:
1) iron powder is mixed with binding agent, obtain iron mixture;
2) on the titanium alloy thin wall blade of damage, paste iron mixture, wherein iron mixture sticks on the place apart from titanium alloy thin wall blade defect repair point 3～8mm, distribute ringwise, and the ratio of the area of defect repair point and the bonding area of iron mixture is 1:(1～2);
3) put into by having pasted the titanium alloy thin wall blade after iron mixture the glove box that is full of rare gas element, be transported on the defect repair point of titanium alloy thin wall blade repairing the titanium alloy powder of use with powder feeder, laser apparatus Emission Lasers makes the titanium alloy powder fusing on defect repair point simultaneously, form molten bath, then stop carrying titanium alloy powder and laser radiation, naturally cool to room temperature, complete the laser melting coating of titanium alloy thin wall blade;
4) adopt the titanium alloy thin wall blade of sandblast machine after to laser melting coating to carry out surface treatment, remove the iron mixture of pasting on titanium alloy thin wall blade, complete the cooling reparation to titanium alloy thin wall blade laser melting coating low-stress local orientation.
In described iron mixture, the mass ratio of iron powder and binding agent is (3～5): 1.
The particle diameter of described iron powder is 50～200 μ m.
Described binding agent is water glass, paraffinic base binding agent or polymeric binder.
Diameter≤the 10mm of described defect repair point.
The speed of the conveying titanium alloy powder of described powder feeder is 30～120g/min.
The power of described laser apparatus is 2000W.
The diameter of the spot diameter≤defect repair point of described laser illumination on defect repair point.
Described step 3) in the time carrying out laser radiation, control defect repair point place temperature be 1660～1690 DEG C.
With respect to prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
In general laser cladding process, the fusing of titanium alloy thin wall blade discharges a large amount of heat, can make blade excessively be heated, distortion, burning or burn, and the present invention pastes iron powder around the defect repair point of titanium alloy thin wall blade, utilize melting of metal latent heat of phase change unstable state local heat absorption principle, in the time that laser melting coating is repaired the defect repair point of titanium alloy thin wall blade, molten bath produces high temperature around and makes titanium alloy powder fusing, the heat producing passes to iron powder around to titanium alloy thin wall blade, when near the temperature of iron powder being heated to its fusing point, because fusing exists latent heat of phase change, can absorb a large amount of heats in part.Because titanium alloy fusing point is 1678 DEG C, iron powder fusing point is 1535 DEG C, titanium alloy thin wall blade has been solidified as solid-state while being cooled near temperature iron powder fusing point, and now iron powder just in time melts, iron powder melting process absorbs the amount of heat producing in titanium alloy process of setting, can effectively prevent that titanium alloy thin wall blade is excessively heated, distortion, burning or burn, thereby realize the micro-distortion orientation of the low-stress of titanium alloy thin wall blade cooling.
In addition, the present invention also has the following advantages:
1, laser cladding process is few to the heat input of base material, carries out local orientation cooling by iron powder, and the zone of influence is little, make inner cladding layer microtexture even, grain refining, significantly reduces internal stress and crackle, effectively improves the reparation Forming Quality of titanium alloy thin wall blade.
2, utilize melting of metal latent heat of phase change unstable state local heat absorption principle, adopt iron powder orientation cooling, the cladding layer obtaining has higher hardness than plasma body cladding layer, and stress-strain is little, and crackle and pore are few, and bonding strength is high.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the partial enlarged drawing of defect repair point of the present invention;
In figure: 1. worktable, 2. substrate, 3. titanium alloy thin wall blade, 4. defect repair point, 5. powder feeder, 6. laser apparatus, 7. glove box, 8. iron mixture, 9. molten bath, 10.CNC system.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail:
In titanium alloy thin wall blade laser cladding forming process, traditional method of cooling is recirculated water cooling or iron plate, the heat conduction of copper sheet mechanical grip fixed form, complex structure, and in clamping process, easily cause the distortion of thin wall vane.The present invention utilizes titanium alloy fusing latent heat of phase change unstable state local heat absorption principle, adopt iron powder bonding way to carry out thermal conduction, because titanium alloy fusing point is 1678 DEG C, iron powder fusing point is 1535 DEG C, the fusing point of iron powder is lower than titanium alloy, absorbs in heat, process of setting and discharge latent heat in titanium alloy melting process.The heat discharging in titanium alloy process of setting is absorbed by iron powder, and titanium alloy is solidified as when solid-state, and temperature is lower than 1678 DEG C, but higher than 1535 DEG C of the fusing points of iron powder, the heat therefore discharging can make iron powder fusing.Because the fusing point of selected metallic substance in cladding forming process must approach and lower than titanium alloy fusing point, therefore select iron powder comparatively suitable.On the other hand, iron powder bonds together between titanium alloy blade, both fusing point differences, the fusing of iron powder always completes in titanium alloy process of setting, therefore between iron powder and titanium alloy blade, can not produce metallurgical binding, in titanium alloy cladding forming process, can not produce distortion to blade, can not cause stress concentration, belong to low-stress cooling.
The cooling restorative procedure of titanium alloy thin wall blade laser melting coating low-stress local orientation provided by the invention, comprises the following steps:
1, iron powder mixes with binding agent, obtain iron mixture: iron powder powder particle diameter used is 50～200 μ m, binding agent is the industrial ripe adhesive articles such as sodium silicate binder, paraffinic base binding agent, polymeric binder, the blending ratio of iron powder and binding agent is (3～5): 1 (mass ratio), ensures that iron powder is bonding does not come off;
2, iron mixture and titanium alloy thin wall blade bonding: the present invention is used for repairing little damage titanium alloy thin wall blade, blade injury scope is generally no more than 10mm, for the blade of different lesion size, the consumption difference of iron powder, the consumption of iron powder is directly proportional to blade injury size, iron mixture is bonded in the place apart from damage position 3～8mm, distributes ringwise, and blade injury area is 1:(1～2 with the ratio of iron mixture bond area);
3, blade laser melting coating: as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, the titanium alloy thin wall blade 3 of having pasted iron mixture 8 is placed on substrate 2, substrate 2 is fixed on worktable 1, and CNC system 10 drives substrate 2 to move by controlling worktable 1, realizes substrate 2 moving along X, Y and Z direction.Powder feeder 5 provides the titanium alloy thin wall blade titanium alloy powder that 3 defect repair need, and the defect repair point 4 on titanium alloy thin wall blade 3 is positioned at the bottom of laser apparatus 6, and laser apparatus 6 provides spot diameter and the adjustable laser of output rating.The spot diameter of laser illumination on defect repair point is less than or equal to the diameter of defect repair point, the titanium alloy powder fusing that powder feeder 5 is carried, on the defect repair point 4 of titanium alloy thin wall blade 3, form molten bath 9, then stop powder feeding and laser radiation, naturally cooling, obtains the titanium alloy thin wall blade after laser melting coating.Titanium alloy fusing point is 1678 DEG C, the fusing point of iron powder is 1535 DEG C, utilize melting of metal latent heat of phase change unstable state local heat absorption principle, laser melting coating is repaired the defect repair of titanium alloy thin wall blade 3 and is put 4 o'clock, molten bath 9 produces high temperature around and makes titanium alloy powder fusing, and the heat of generation, to titanium alloy thin wall blade 3 conduction around, makes iron powder fusing, iron powder fusing need to absorb a large amount of heat, thus reduced in titanium alloy thin wall blade 3 cladding process be excessively heated, distortion, burning and burn.In titanium alloy thin wall blade 3 laser cladding processes, whole system, in airtight glove box 7, has been full of highly purified rare gas element, for the protection to titanium alloy thin wall blade 3 injury repairing in glove box 7.Titanium alloy thin wall blade laser melting coating adopts metal powder feed mode, ensures the coupling of each processing parameter in powder feeding process, as powder feed rate maintains equably 30～120g/min, repairs a some temperature to be controlled at 1660～1690 DEG C, laser power be 2000W etc.
4, aftertreatment: after titanium alloy thin wall blade cladding forming, adopt sandblast machine to process its molded surface, remove iron powder bonding on titanium alloy thin wall blade, complete the cooling reparation to titanium alloy thin wall blade laser melting coating low-stress local orientation.
Embodiment 1
1) iron powder that is 50～100 μ m by particle diameter for 3:1 in mass ratio mixes with water glass, obtains iron mixture;
2) on the titanium alloy thin wall blade of damage, paste iron mixture, wherein diameter≤the 10mm of defect repair point, iron mixture sticks on the place apart from titanium alloy thin wall blade defect repair point 3mm, distribute ringwise, and the ratio of the area of defect repair point and the bonding area of iron mixture is 1:1;
3) put into by having pasted the titanium alloy thin wall blade after iron mixture the glove box that is full of rare gas element, with the speed of 30g/min, the titanium alloy powder of repairing use is transported on the defect repair point of titanium alloy thin wall blade with powder feeder, the laser apparatus launch spot diameter that is simultaneously 2000W with power is less than or equal to the laser of defect repair spot diameter, and the temperature of controlling defect repair point place is 1660 DEG C, make the titanium alloy powder fusing on defect repair point, form molten bath, then stop carrying titanium alloy powder and laser radiation, naturally cool to room temperature, complete the laser melting coating of titanium alloy thin wall blade,
4) adopt the titanium alloy thin wall blade of sandblast machine after to laser melting coating to carry out surface treatment, remove the iron mixture of pasting on titanium alloy thin wall blade, complete the cooling reparation to titanium alloy thin wall blade laser melting coating low-stress local orientation.
Embodiment 2
1) iron powder that is 150～200 μ m by particle diameter for 5:1 in mass ratio mixes with paraffinic base binding agent, obtains iron mixture;
2) on the titanium alloy thin wall blade of damage, paste iron mixture, wherein diameter≤the 10mm of defect repair point, iron mixture sticks on the place apart from titanium alloy thin wall blade defect repair point 8mm, distribute ringwise, and the ratio of the area of defect repair point and the bonding area of iron mixture is 1:2;
3) put into by having pasted the titanium alloy thin wall blade after iron mixture the glove box that is full of rare gas element, with the speed of 120g/min, the titanium alloy powder of repairing use is transported on the defect repair point of titanium alloy thin wall blade with powder feeder, the laser apparatus launch spot diameter that is simultaneously 2000W with power is less than or equal to the laser of defect repair spot diameter, and the temperature of controlling defect repair point place is 1690 DEG C, make the titanium alloy powder fusing on defect repair point, form molten bath, then stop carrying titanium alloy powder and laser radiation, naturally cool to room temperature, complete the laser melting coating of titanium alloy thin wall blade,
4) adopt the titanium alloy thin wall blade of sandblast machine after to laser melting coating to carry out surface treatment, remove the iron mixture of pasting on titanium alloy thin wall blade, complete the cooling reparation to titanium alloy thin wall blade laser melting coating low-stress local orientation.
Embodiment 3
1) iron powder that is 100～150 μ m by particle diameter for 4:1 in mass ratio mixes with polymeric binder, obtains iron mixture;
2) on the titanium alloy thin wall blade of damage, paste iron mixture, wherein diameter≤the 10mm of defect repair point, iron mixture sticks on the place apart from titanium alloy thin wall blade defect repair point 5mm, distribute ringwise, and the ratio of the area of defect repair point and the bonding area of iron mixture is 1:1.5;
3) put into by having pasted the titanium alloy thin wall blade after iron mixture the glove box that is full of rare gas element, with the speed of 80g/min, the titanium alloy powder of repairing use is transported on the defect repair point of titanium alloy thin wall blade with powder feeder, the laser apparatus launch spot diameter that is simultaneously 2000W with power is less than or equal to the laser of defect repair spot diameter, and the temperature of controlling defect repair point place is 1678 DEG C, make the titanium alloy powder fusing on defect repair point, form molten bath, then stop carrying titanium alloy powder and laser radiation, naturally cool to room temperature, complete the laser melting coating of titanium alloy thin wall blade,
4) adopt the titanium alloy thin wall blade of sandblast machine after to laser melting coating to carry out surface treatment, remove the iron mixture of pasting on titanium alloy thin wall blade, complete the cooling reparation to titanium alloy thin wall blade laser melting coating low-stress local orientation.
The present invention utilizes melting of metal latent heat of phase change unstable state local heat absorption principle, iron powder is bonded in binding agent around the defect repair point of titanium alloy thin wall blade to be processed, with laser cladding forming, when laser melting coating is repaired the defect repair point of titanium alloy thin wall blade, molten bath produces high temperature around and makes titanium alloy powder fusing, the heat producing is to the conduction around of titanium alloy thin wall blade, make iron powder fusing, iron powder fusing need to absorb a large amount of heat, thus reduce in titanium alloy thin wall blade cladding process be excessively heated, distortion, burning and burn.Under same processing condition, adopt iron powder to carry out the cooling exemplar of local orientation more much smaller than not adopting the distortion of the cooling exemplar of iron powder, and internal stress and crackle significantly reduce, interior microscopic structure refinement, uniform crystal particles, therefore the present invention can effectively improve the processing repairing quality of titanium alloy thin wall blade.
Claims (9)
1. the cooling restorative procedure of titanium alloy thin wall blade laser melting coating low-stress local orientation, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1) iron powder is mixed with binding agent, obtain iron mixture;
2) above paste iron mixture (8) at the titanium alloy thin wall blade (3) of damage, wherein iron mixture sticks on apart from titanium alloy thin wall blade (3) defect repair point (4) 3～8mm places, distribute ringwise, and the ratio of the area of defect repair point (4) and the bonding area of iron mixture is 1:(1～2);
3) put into by having pasted the titanium alloy thin wall blade (3) after iron mixture the glove box (7) that is full of rare gas element, be transported on the defect repair point (4) of titanium alloy thin wall blade (3) repairing the titanium alloy powder of use with powder feeder (5), laser apparatus (6) Emission Lasers makes the titanium alloy powder fusing on defect repair point (4) simultaneously, form molten bath (9), then stop carrying titanium alloy powder and laser radiation, naturally cool to room temperature, complete the laser melting coating of titanium alloy thin wall blade;
4) adopt the titanium alloy thin wall blade (3) of sandblast machine after to laser melting coating to carry out surface treatment, remove the upper iron mixture of pasting of titanium alloy thin wall blade (3), complete the cooling reparation to titanium alloy thin wall blade laser melting coating low-stress local orientation.
2. the cooling restorative procedure of titanium alloy thin wall blade laser melting coating low-stress local orientation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described iron mixture, the mass ratio of iron powder and binding agent is (3～5): 1.
3. the cooling restorative procedure of titanium alloy thin wall blade laser melting coating low-stress local orientation according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: the particle diameter of described iron powder is 50～200 μ m.
4. the cooling restorative procedure of titanium alloy thin wall blade laser melting coating low-stress local orientation according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described binding agent is water glass, paraffinic base binding agent or polymeric binder.
5. the cooling restorative procedure of titanium alloy thin wall blade laser melting coating low-stress local orientation according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: the diameter≤10mm of described defect repair point (4).
6. the cooling restorative procedure of titanium alloy thin wall blade laser melting coating low-stress local orientation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the speed of the conveying titanium alloy powder of described powder feeder (5) is 30～120g/min.
7. according to the cooling restorative procedure of titanium alloy thin wall blade laser melting coating low-stress local orientation described in claim 1 or 6, it is characterized in that: the power of described laser apparatus (6) is 2000W.
8. according to the cooling restorative procedure of titanium alloy thin wall blade laser melting coating low-stress local orientation described in claim 1 or 6, it is characterized in that: described laser apparatus (6) is radiated at the diameter of the spot diameter≤defect repair point (4) on defect repair point (4).
9. according to the cooling restorative procedure of titanium alloy thin wall blade laser melting coating low-stress local orientation described in claim 1 or 6, it is characterized in that: described step 3) in the time carrying out laser radiation, to control the temperature that defect repair point (4) locates be 1660～1690 DEG C.
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| CN106513675A (en) * | 2016-11-09 | 2017-03-22 | 北京卫星制造厂 | Laser additive manufacturing forming method of titanium alloy thin-walled component |
| CN108406223A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-08-17 | 成都瑞合科技有限公司 | A kind of welding repair method and device of thin wall component |
| CN110904404A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-03-24 | 浙江工业大学 | Process method and device based on titanium alloy surface laser nitriding and shot blasting synchronous compounding technology |
| WO2024045667A1 (en) * | 2022-08-27 | 2024-03-07 | 中国长江电力股份有限公司 | Method for repairing babbitt metal bearing by means of laser cladding |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106513675A (en) * | 2016-11-09 | 2017-03-22 | 北京卫星制造厂 | Laser additive manufacturing forming method of titanium alloy thin-walled component |
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Application publication date: 20140917 |