CN111686231A - 一种用于缓解膝关节骨性关节炎的外敷药物及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种用于缓解膝关节骨性关节炎的外敷药物及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111686231A
CN111686231A CN202010683688.3A CN202010683688A CN111686231A CN 111686231 A CN111686231 A CN 111686231A CN 202010683688 A CN202010683688 A CN 202010683688A CN 111686231 A CN111686231 A CN 111686231A
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王海军
曹玉霞
张天生
苗晋玲
王树国
张春龙
李让钱
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Shanxi University of Chinese Mediciine
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于缓解膝关节骨性关节炎的外敷药物,是由黄芪20~40、当归10~30、赤芍10~30、防风10~20、桑枝20~40、白芷5~10、细辛2~5、银花、20~40、土茯苓20~40、干姜2~5、徐长卿20~40、威灵仙10~30、川牛膝10~20、知母10~20重量份为原料药,粉碎成细粉,加入原料药重量0.5~1倍的黄酒调配制成。本发明药物具有疏通经络、活血止痛之功效,集药物对穴位的刺激与调节作用、膝关节局部药物吸收后的药效作用及其叠加作用为一体,适用于慢性膝关节骨性关节炎症状的缓解和改善。

Description

一种用于缓解膝关节骨性关节炎的外敷药物及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种能够缓解膝关节骨性关节炎的外敷药物,特别是涉及一种采用中草药原料药制备的用于缓解膝关节骨性关节炎疼痛、改善膝关节骨性关节炎患者整体条件的外敷药物及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着老龄化社会的到来,骨关节炎的发病率逐年增高,为仅次于心血管病的常见病与多发病。调查结果显示,60岁以上人群中约70%、80岁以上人群中约90%有膝关节骨性关节炎的放射学表现,其中10~30%有临床症状。因其发病率高,易反复,发作时疼痛难耐,行走不便,严重威胁中老年人的身心健康。
故此,寻找一种能够治疗膝关节骨性关节炎的外敷药物,以期缓解膝关节骨性关节炎疼痛,改善膝关节骨性关节炎患者整体条件,以致最终达到治疗目的的外敷药物及其制备方法,具有积极的临床意义及社会意义。
中医认为,膝关节骨性关节炎属“痹证”范畴。素问痹论曰:“风寒湿三气杂至合而为痹,其风气胜者为行痹,寒气胜者为痛痹,湿气重者为著痹”。痹者,不通则痛。故而现有治疗慢性膝关节骨性关节炎的中药大都是以疏通经络,活血止痛,调整人体阴阳平衡为治则,以期预防旧病复发或减轻症状。
发挥中医辩证的整体观优势,可使中医药治疗膝关节骨性关节炎取得更佳疗效。中药外敷是中医外治法之一,其以中医整体观念,辨证论治为指导思想,具有针对不同患者进行个性化治疗的优势,同时具有操作简单,易于掌握,基本无副作用的特点,还具有医疗费用低廉的优点。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于缓解膝关节骨性关节炎的外敷药物,本发明药物具有疏通经络、活血止痛之功效,适用于慢性膝关节骨性关节炎症状的缓解和改善。
本发明所述用于缓解膝关节骨性关节炎的外敷药物是由以下重量份数的中药为原料药:
黄芪  20~40   当归  10~30   赤芍  10~30
防风  10~20   桑枝  20~40   白芷  5~10
细辛  2~5    银花  20~40   土茯苓 20~40
干姜  2~5 徐长卿 20~40   威灵仙 10~30
川牛膝 10~20   知母  10~20
粉碎成细粉,加入原料药重量0.5~1倍的黄酒调配制成。
进一步地,本发明所述的外敷药物是由以下重量份数的中药为原料药制备的:
黄芪  30   当归  10   赤芍  10  防风  12
桑枝  30   白芷  6   细辛  3   银花  30
土茯苓 30   干姜  3   徐长卿 30  威灵仙 20
川牛膝 20   知母  10。
本发明所述用于缓解膝关节骨性关节炎的外敷药物通过药物外敷,以期缓解膝关节骨性关节炎疼痛,改善膝关节骨性关节炎患者整体条件,最终达到治疗能够治疗膝关节骨性关节炎目的。
本发明用于缓解膝关节骨性关节炎的外敷药物的具体制备方法是:将所述原料药黄芪、当归、赤芍、防风、桑枝、白芷、细辛、银花、土茯苓、干姜、徐长卿、威灵仙、川牛膝、知母按照所述重量份数混合均匀,于50~60℃干燥后,粉碎成100~120目的药粉,加入原料药重量0.5~1倍的黄酒调和均匀,灭菌消毒后制成膏状的外敷药物。
本发明是以中医经络学说为理论依据,将所述用于缓解膝关节骨性关节炎的外敷药物用于膝关节局部外敷治疗。具体使用方法是将膏状的外敷药物敷于以75%酒精消毒后的膝关节局部(阿是穴),将外敷药物包裹固定,加热40~60分钟,揭去药物。
24小时后重复上述操作,以10次为一个疗程。
优选地,可以采用TDP治疗仪对所述外敷药物进行照射加热。
采用本发明药物外敷,以无创痛外治疗法治疗膝关节骨性关节炎,是一种融经络、穴位、药物为一体的,传统针灸疗法与药物疗法有机结合的复合性治疗方法,主要是基于药物对穴位的刺激与调节作用、膝关节局部药物吸收后的药效作用以及两者综合叠加作用三方面的作用。
本发明药物外敷首先是经络腧穴的作用。经络“内属脏腑,外络肢节,沟通表里,贯穿上下”,是人体营卫气血循环运行出入的通道,而穴位则是上述物质在运行通路中的交汇点,是“脉气所发”和“神气游行出入”的场所。根据中医脏腑-经络相关理论,穴位通过经络与脏腑密切相关,不仅反映各脏腑生理或病理机能,同时也是治疗五脏六腑疾病的有效刺激点。
如果各种致病之邪滞留在人体内部,脏腑功能受到损害和影响,致使经络涩滞,郁而不通,气血运行不畅,则百病生焉。此时可在经络循行部位(尤其在其所属腧穴部位)岀现麻木、疼痛、红肿、结节或特定敏感区等异常情况。而运用穴位贴敷疗法,使药物刺激和作用于体表腧穴相应皮部,通过经络的传导和调整,纠正脏腑阴阳的偏盛或偏衰,“以通郁闭之气,以散瘀结之肿”,改善经络气血的运行,对五脏六腑的生理功能和病理状态产生良好的治疗和调整作用,从而达到良好的治疗作用。
其次,本发明药物组方中,以黄芪、当归为君药,黄芪具有补气升阳固表,行滞通痹之功;当归补血活血,舒经活络止痛,以二者配伍,针对“膝痹”日久气血亏虚的病机特点,补益气血,扶助正气、促使疾病向愈。以徐长卿、威灵仙、桑枝、川牛膝、赤芍、知母共为臣药,徐长卿祛风化湿、行气通络、活血解毒、消肿止痛;威灵仙祛风湿、通经络;桑枝功专去风湿拘挛,久服轻身,祛风湿、利关节,三者配伍,共治肢体酸痛麻木、筋脉拘挛与屈伸不利等症;进而,川牛膝补肝肾、强筋骨、通利关节、活血通络,肝主筋、肾主骨,以川牛膝治疗膝痹日久、损伤肝肾以致的筋骨无力、膝周疼痛等症状;赤芍清热凉血、散瘀镇痛,且赤芍与当归配伍,可增强养血活血之功,以缓解膝周疼痛;知母清热泻火、消肿止痛,可以减轻膝痹肿胀疼痛。以防风、白芷、细辛、干姜、土茯苓、银花为佐药,防风为“风药之润剂”,助威灵仙、徐长卿、桑枝祛风湿、通经络止痛;白芷祛风散寒,消肿止痛,配伍知母可增强其治疗膝周肿胀疼痛的作用;细辛活血通络止痛、祛风散寒,干姜发诸经之寒气,二药配伍,干姜温里,守而不走,细辛散寒通络止痛,气味走窜,二者一守一走,共奏散寒止痛之功;银花与土茯苓配伍,清热利湿定痛,以助当归引热下行。以黄酒为使药,一则开泄腠理,既可引诸药入内,直达病灶,又可驱邪外出,二则可与诸药粉末为膏剂,方便涂敷。
本发明组方既虚实兼顾,治其标,功专祛风湿、通经络、化瘀消肿止痛之功,又护其本,扶正以祛邪;又寒热并用,既无寒药过多导致气机壅滞、伤阳留瘀之弊,又无热药过多耗气伤津之虞。因此,本发明诸药合用,共奏补益气血、扶助正气,祛风散寒除湿,行气活血化瘀,通络消肿止痛之功。
本发明运用纯中药制剂,既可通过对人体穴位的刺激激发经络功能,又有药物吸收后的药效作用,两者结合以调和气血,改善血液循环,促进和调整机体免疫功能,增强人体内在抗病能力,调整机体与外界环境的平衡,从而达到内病外治的目的。
采用本发明药物治疗慢性膝关节骨性关节炎,能最大程度地疏通经络,活血止痛,调整人体阴阳平衡,预防旧病复发或减轻其症状。
本发明药物用药安全,诛伐无过。中药外敷不经胃肠给药,无损伤脾胃之弊,对不肯服药或不能服药者尤为适宜;而且无创伤无痛苦,可适合于惧针者,或老幼虚弱、补泻难施之体。
具体实施方式
下述实施例仅为本发明的优选技术方案,并不用于对本发明进行任何限制。对于本领域技术人员而言,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
实施例1。
取黄芪30g、当归10g、赤芍10g、防风12g、桑枝30g、白芷6g、细辛3g、银花30g、土茯苓30g、干姜3g、徐长卿30g、威灵仙20g、川牛膝20g、知母10g混合均匀,于50~60℃干燥后,粉碎成100~120目的药粉,加入黄酒调和均匀,灭菌消毒制得膏剂产品。
实施例2。
取黄芪40g、当归30g、赤芍10g、防风10g、桑枝30g、白芷5g、细辛3g、银花20g、土茯苓20g、干姜5g、徐长卿20g、威灵仙30g、川牛膝10g、知母10g混合均匀,于50~60℃干燥后,粉碎成100~120目的药粉,加入黄酒调和均匀,灭菌消毒制得膏剂产品。
应用例1。
为进一步考察本发明药物以及外敷疗法的临床疗效和安全性,选择符合以下膝关节骨性关节炎标准的120例膝关节骨性关节炎患者进行了疗效临床观察。
膝关节骨性关节炎的临床诊断标准参照第7版内科学教材,应至少符合以下1)、2)、3)、4)或1)、2)、3)、5)或1)、6)。
1)、一个月来大多数日子膝痛;2)、关节活动时响声;3)、晨僵≥30分钟;4)、年龄≥38岁;5)、膝关节骨性肿胀伴弹响;6)、膝关节骨性肿胀不伴弹响。
或者临床增加X线诊断标准,应至少符合以下1)、2)或1)、3)、5)、6)或1)、4)、5)、6)。
1)、一个月来大多数日子膝痛;2)、X线关节边缘骨赘;3)、滑液检查符合骨关节炎;4)、不能查滑液者,年龄≥40岁;5)、晨僵≤30分钟;6)、关节活动时弹响。
120例患者中,男55例,女65例,年龄40~75岁,病程2~30年。随机分为试验组和对照组,每组各60例。
试验组以本发明药物进行外敷疗法治疗:用75%酒精对膝关节部位进行消毒后,将膏状的本发明药物包裹式的外敷于膝关节局部,并以保鲜薄膜包裹固定后,外用TDP治疗仪照射加热40~60分钟,揭去药物。24小时后再次外敷药物。一个疗程外敷10次,2个疗程后评定疗效。
对照组使用氟比洛芬凝胶贴膏(每贴含40mg氟比洛芬,6帖×1盒,北京泰德制药股份有限公司,国药准字J20100007)外贴治疗。每次1贴,同时辅以TDP治疗仪照射加热40~60分钟治疗。24小时后换用新的凝胶贴膏。一个疗程外敷10次,2个疗程后评定疗效。
疗效评定标准参考西安大略麦马斯特大学骨性关节炎评分指数WOMAC(WesternOntario and McMaster Uniwersity Osteoarthritis Index)。该评分可视化量表包含疼痛、僵硬和关节功能3大方面内容,共有24个项目,可以客观评价膝关节骨性关节炎的基本症状和体征。
具体项目包括有:1)、疼痛(平地行走,上下楼梯,夜间在床上时,坐或卧位,直立站立);2)、僵硬(早晨醒来后严重,白天坐、卧或休息后严重);3)、功能困难(下楼梯,上楼梯,由坐位站起,站立,弯腰,平地行走,进出汽车或上下公交车,购物,穿鞋、短袜或长袜,起床,脱鞋、短袜或长袜,卧床,出入浴盆,坐位,坐上或离开便盆,做重家务活,从事轻家务);每项评分由0~9共10个分级,共24项。
采用改善值百分率进行评定,按公式(治疗前评分-治疗后评分)/治疗前评分×100%评定疗效。
具体疗效标准评价:临床治愈:总积分减少≥95%;有效:总积分减少70%~<95%;好转:总积分减少30%~<70%;无效:总积分减少<30%。
统计方法:使用SPSS 21.0软件进行数据统计学处理,两组改善值百分率采用秩和检验进行比较。P<0.05为有显著性差异。
具体治疗结果如表1。
Figure 20642DEST_PATH_IMAGE001

Claims (4)

1.一种用于缓解膝关节骨性关节炎的外敷药物,是由以下重量份数的中药为原料药:
黄芪  20~40   当归  10~30   赤芍  10~30
防风  10~20   桑枝  20~40   白芷  5~10
细辛  2~5    银花  20~40   土茯苓 20~40
干姜  2~5 徐长卿 20~40   威灵仙 10~30
川牛膝 10~20   知母  10~20
粉碎成细粉,加入原料药重量0.5~1倍的黄酒调配制成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的外敷药物,是由以下重量份数的中药为原料药制备:
黄芪  30   当归  10   赤芍   10   防风  12
桑枝  30   白芷  6   细辛   3   银花  30
土茯苓 30   干姜  3   徐长卿  30   威灵仙 20
川牛膝 20   知母  10。
3.权利要求1或2所述外敷药物的制备方法,是将所述原料药黄芪、当归、赤芍、防风、桑枝、白芷、细辛、银花、土茯苓、干姜、徐长卿、威灵仙、川牛膝、知母按照所述重量份数混合均匀,于50~60℃干燥后,粉碎成100~120目的药粉,加入原料药重量0.5~1倍的黄酒调和均匀,灭菌消毒后制成膏状的外敷药物。
4.权利要求1或2所述外敷药物作为治疗慢性膝关节骨性关节炎药物的应用。
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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