CN111685333A - Extraction method of water-soluble dietary fiber - Google Patents
Extraction method of water-soluble dietary fiber Download PDFInfo
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- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/20—Reducing nutritive value; Dietetic products with reduced nutritive value
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for extracting water-soluble dietary fiber. The method comprises the steps of firstly, crushing guar splits, sieving by a sieve of 60-120 meshes, adding water, stirring uniformly, adding galactomannase for enzymolysis for 6-10h, collecting enzymolysis liquid, filtering, concentrating, and carrying out spray drying on the concentrated solution to prepare the water-soluble dietary fiber. The invention adopts an enzymolysis method to prepare the water-soluble dietary fiber, the content of which is up to more than 85 percent, and the water-soluble dietary fiber has high expansibility and water binding capacity. According to the invention, guar splits are used as raw materials, and crushed to be used as a substrate for enzymolysis, the addition amount of the substrate can reach 10 percent and 15 percent at most, the cost is saved, and the unit yield is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of food processing and manufacturing, and particularly relates to a method for extracting water-soluble dietary fiber.
Background
The dietary fiber is the total of edible plant components, carbohydrates and similar substances (American chemical society) which can be digested and absorbed by human small intestine and can be partially or completely fermented in human large intestine, generally refers to polysaccharide food components which are not easy to be digested by digestive enzyme, and the carbohydrates and lignin with the polymerization degree of more than or equal to 3 are mainly from plant cell walls (China society for Nutrition).
The dietary fiber is an extremely complex mixture, shows the physicochemical properties of macromolecular substances in human bodies, has fermentability, water retention, adsorptivity, inoxidizability, ion exchange effect and the like, and the special physicochemical properties of the dietary fiber determine the special physiological function and application range of the dietary fiber. The dietary fiber has different solubility in water, and is divided into water-soluble dietary fiber and water-insoluble dietary fiber. The insoluble component of dietary fiber mainly acts on intestinal tract to produce mechanical peristalsis effect, while the soluble component plays more metabolic function, such as influencing carbohydrate and fat metabolism. The proportion of soluble components in dietary fiber is therefore an important function affecting the physiological function of dietary fiber.
Us r.e.a.leiz et al suggest that balanced dietary fibre composition requires more than 10% of the total dietary fibre content by soluble dietary fibre, whereas the content of soluble dietary fibre in natural dietary fibre is much lower than this value. The Chinese resident dietary nutrient reference intake 2016 recommends that adults take 25-30 g of dietary fiber every day, wherein the proportion of soluble dietary fiber in the total dietary fiber is 25%.
The chemical composition and structure of dietary fiber determine its physicochemical properties, and dietary fiber is not digested and absorbed in human body, but has important physiological functions. 1. Promoting gastrointestinal motility and relieving constipation. The dietary fiber promotes gastrointestinal peristalsis, shortens the retention time of chyme in intestinal tracts and accelerates the excretion of excrement. Dietary fiber is broken down in the intestinal lumen by enzymes produced by bacteria, which break down into monosaccharides and then short chain fatty acids. Utilization of short chain fatty acids leads to the production of CO in the intestinal lumen2The acidity is increased, the quantity of the excrement is increased, and the transfer of intestinal contents in the colon is accelerated, so that the excrement is easy to discharge, and the effect of preventing constipation is achieved; 2. clearing away the doffer. The dietary fiber contains pectin, gum, algal polysaccharide, etc., and can obviously increase intestinal contentsthe dietary fiber can inhibit the growth and reproduction of anaerobic bacteria, is beneficial to the synthesis of vitamins for human body by intestinal beneficial bacteria, stabilizes the blood sugar concentration, reduces the blood cholesterol level, forms a collagen layer in the stomach, reduces the emptying rate of the stomach, obstructs the contact of digestive enzymes and actual affairs in the intestine, slows down the contraction of the small intestine, influences the absorption of glucose, comfortably absorbs glucose, reduces the effective concentration of intestinal glucose, influences the degradation of α -amylase to starch, reduces the release speed of glucose in intestinal fluid, improves the sensitivity of peripheral tissues to insulin, reduces the action of the organism to insulin, reduces the absorption rate of glucose, stabilizes the intestinal flora balance, promotes the growth of intestinal microflora, promotes the development of immune system, promotes the growth of intestinal flora, inhibits the intestinal flora, promotes the growth of intestinal flora, promotes the growth of theOccurrence of abnormal behavior.
The expansibility and the water binding capacity of the dietary fiber are important reference indexes reflecting the physiological activity of the dietary fiber, and the expansibility and the water binding capacity are high, so that the defecation speed and the defecation volume of a human body can be increased, the retention time of excrement in an intestinal tract is shortened, the stimulation of various carcinogens in the excrement to the intestinal wall is reduced, and the pressure of a urinary system can be relieved, so that the symptoms of diseases such as nephrolithiasis and cystitis can be relieved, and toxic substances can be quickly discharged out of the body; it also has effects in improving intestinal tract, inducing satiety, and preventing obesity. Repeated soaking, washing and frequent heat treatment in the process of extracting and processing the dietary fiber can obviously reduce the water retention and the expansibility of the dietary fiber, thus influencing the process characteristics and simultaneously influencing the exertion of physiological functions. Therefore, in order to obtain high-quality dietary fiber, the dietary fiber needs to be modified by modern high-tech means, and the metabolic effect of the water-soluble dietary fiber is exerted more, so that the dietary fiber has higher biological activity, which is one of the hot spots of the research of the dietary fiber as functional food at present.
At present, the extraction method of dietary fiber mainly comprises four types, namely direct crude separation, a physical and chemical method, an enzymolysis method and a fermentation method. The enzymolysis method has the characteristics of mild conditions, rapidness, high efficiency and no pollution, can avoid the use of a large amount of acid-base substances, reduces the pressure of environmental protection, has stable product quality, but has the main problems of lack of effective enzyme, large enzyme use amount (about 2 percent), complex process (enzymolysis is carried out step by step, different PH is controlled), high enzymolysis cost and other industrial application pressures. The enzymolysis reaction speed is high, the quality and purity of the obtained product are high, partial IDF is degraded into SDF, and the SDF content is improved. Is considered to be a potential method for preparing high quality dietary fiber. Therefore, the key of the industrialization for preparing the dietary fiber is to explore efficient special enzymes, effectively improve the quality of the dietary fiber and reduce the dosage of the enzymes. Is beneficial to the adjustment of industrial structure and product upgrading of the dietary fiber processing industry. And the method also conforms to the development strategy of building resource-saving and environment-friendly society and promoting the recycling economy and low-carbon economy in China.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for extracting water-soluble dietary fiber.
A method for extracting water-soluble dietary fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) pulverizing guar splits, and sieving with a 60-120 mesh sieve;
(2) taking 100-150 parts of guar splits, adding 100-300 parts of water, stirring uniformly, adding galactomannase for enzymolysis for 6-10 h;
(3) collecting the enzymolysis liquid prepared in the step (2), centrifuging at 8000-12000r/min for 5-10min, collecting supernatant, membrane filtering, and concentrating; or filtering the enzymolysis solution by a plate frame, collecting filtrate, concentrating, centrifuging, filtering by a membrane, and concentrating;
(4) spray drying the concentrated solution at a sample introduction temperature of 160-200 deg.C and an outlet temperature of not less than 85 deg.C, and collecting dried sample to obtain water soluble dietary fiber.
The enzymolysis temperature is 50 ℃, and the enzyme-substrate ratio is 1000 u/g; the pH was controlled with 5% sodium hydroxide and 5% citric acid to 5.5-7.5.
After the galactomannase is subjected to enzymolysis for 4-6h, neutral protease is added, the enzyme-substrate ratio is 4000u/g, and enzymolysis is carried out for 2-4h, thus obtaining the enzymolysis liquid.
The plate frame of the plate-frame filtration is filled with diatomite with the particle size of 1000 mu m.
The feed rate in step (4) was set at 14-20%. The feeding rate refers to the mass percentage of the discharged mass in the same time period to the feeding mass.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention adopts an enzymolysis method to prepare the water-soluble dietary fiber, the content of which is up to more than 85 percent, and the water-soluble dietary fiber has high expansibility and water binding capacity. According to the invention, guar splits are used as raw materials, and crushed to be used as a substrate for enzymolysis, the addition amount of the substrate can reach 10 percent and 15 percent at most, the cost is saved, and the unit yield is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow chart of a method for industrially producing a water-soluble dietary fiber according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that the invention may be more fully understood, reference will now be made to the following description. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Example 1
A method for extracting water-soluble dietary fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing guar splits, and sieving by a 80-mesh sieve;
(2) taking 120 parts of guar splits, adding 200 parts of water, stirring uniformly, adding galactomannase for enzymolysis for 8 hours; the enzymolysis temperature is 50 ℃, and the enzyme-substrate ratio is 1000 u/g; controlling the pH value to be 6.5 by using 5% of sodium hydroxide and 5% of citric acid; after the galactomannase is subjected to enzymolysis for 5 hours, adding neutral protease, wherein the enzyme-substrate ratio is 4000u/g, and performing enzymolysis for 3 hours to obtain an enzymolysis solution;
(3) collecting the enzymolysis liquid prepared in the step (2), centrifuging for 8min at 10000r/min, collecting supernatant, and performing membrane filtration and concentration;
(4) spray drying the concentrated solution at a sample introduction temperature of 180 ℃ and an outlet temperature of more than or equal to 85 ℃, wherein the feeding rate is 16%, and collecting a dried sample, namely the water-soluble dietary fiber.
Example 2
A method for extracting water-soluble dietary fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing guar splits, and sieving by a 60-mesh sieve;
(2) taking 100 parts of guar splits, adding 150 parts of water, stirring uniformly, adding galactomannase for enzymolysis for 10 h; the enzymolysis temperature is 50 ℃, and the enzyme-substrate ratio is 1000 u/g; controlling the pH value to be 7.0 by using 5% of sodium hydroxide and 5% of citric acid; after the galactomannase is subjected to enzymolysis for 6 hours, adding neutral protease, wherein the enzyme-substrate ratio is 4000u/g, and performing enzymolysis for 4 hours to obtain an enzymolysis solution;
(3) collecting the enzymolysis liquid prepared in the step (2), centrifuging for 10min at 8000r/min, collecting supernatant, and performing membrane filtration and concentration;
(4) spray drying the concentrated solution at a sample introduction temperature of 160 ℃, an outlet temperature of more than or equal to 85 ℃ and a feed rate of 20%, and collecting a dried sample to obtain the water-soluble dietary fiber.
Example 3
A method for extracting water-soluble dietary fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing guar splits, and sieving the crushed guar splits with a 110-mesh sieve;
(2) taking 140 parts of guar splits, adding 280 parts of water, stirring uniformly, adding galactomannase for enzymolysis for 7 hours; the enzymolysis temperature is 50 ℃, and the enzyme-substrate ratio is 1000 u/g; controlling the pH value to be 5.8 by using 5% of sodium hydroxide and 5% of citric acid; after the galactomannase is subjected to enzymolysis for 5 hours, adding neutral protease, wherein the enzyme-substrate ratio is 4000u/g, and performing enzymolysis for 2 hours to obtain an enzymolysis solution;
(3) collecting the enzymolysis liquid prepared in the step (2), filtering the enzymolysis liquid by a plate frame, collecting filtrate, centrifuging after concentration, filtering by a membrane, and concentrating; diatomite with the particle size of 1000 mu m is filled in the plate frame filtered by the plate frame;
(4) spray drying the concentrated solution at a sample introduction temperature of 190 ℃ and an outlet temperature of more than or equal to 85 ℃ at a feed rate of 15%, and collecting a dried sample to obtain the water-soluble dietary fiber.
Example 4
A method for extracting water-soluble dietary fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing guar splits, and sieving by a sieve of 90 meshes;
(2) taking 130 parts of guar splits, adding 200 parts of water, stirring uniformly, adding galactomannase for enzymolysis for 8 hours; the enzymolysis temperature is 50 ℃, and the enzyme-substrate ratio is 1000 u/g; controlling the pH value to be 6.5 by using 5% of sodium hydroxide and 5% of citric acid; after the galactomannase is subjected to enzymolysis for 5 hours, adding neutral protease, wherein the enzyme-substrate ratio is 4000u/g, and performing enzymolysis for 3 hours to obtain an enzymolysis solution;
(3) collecting the enzymolysis liquid prepared in the step (2), filtering the enzymolysis liquid by a plate frame, collecting filtrate, centrifuging after concentration, filtering by a membrane, and concentrating; diatomite with the particle size of 1000 mu m is filled in the plate frame filtered by the plate frame;
(4) spray drying the concentrated solution at a sample introduction temperature of 170 ℃ and an outlet temperature of more than or equal to 85 ℃ at a feed rate of 17%, and collecting a dried sample to obtain the water-soluble dietary fiber.
Example 5
A method for extracting water-soluble dietary fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing guar splits, and sieving by a 100-mesh sieve;
(2) taking 120 parts of guar splits, adding 180 parts of water, stirring uniformly, adding galactomannase for enzymolysis for 9 hours; the enzymolysis temperature is 50 ℃, and the enzyme-substrate ratio is 1000 u/g; controlling the pH value to be 7.2 by using 5% of sodium hydroxide and 5% of citric acid; after the galactomannase is subjected to enzymolysis for 5 hours, adding neutral protease, wherein the enzyme-substrate ratio is 4000u/g, and performing enzymolysis for 4 hours to obtain an enzymolysis solution;
(3) collecting the enzymolysis liquid prepared in the step (2), centrifuging for 9min at 8000r/min, collecting supernatant, and performing membrane filtration and concentration;
(4) spray drying the concentrated solution at a sample introduction temperature of 190 ℃ and an outlet temperature of more than or equal to 85 ℃, wherein the feeding rate is 18%, and collecting a dried sample, namely the water-soluble dietary fiber.
Experimental example:
and determining the physical and chemical indexes of the prepared sample according to the national standard GB 1886.301-2018.
Total sugar (g) ═ sugar concentration (%) per unit volume x volume of enzymatic hydrolysate (L).
The test results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
Note: the molecular weight in the table refers to the ratio of the molecular weight of galactomannan less than 200k to total sugar.
EXAMPLE 6 Industrial production of Water-soluble dietary fiber
The process flow diagram is shown in figure 1.
The technical production route is as follows:
crushing and sieving bean chips, feeding by a feeding machine, enzymolysis in an enzymolysis tank, butterfly separation, horizontal spiral centrifugation, UHT ultra-high temperature sterilization, temporary storage tank, membrane classification filtration, impurity removal (macromolecular protein and sugar), an ion exchange column (firstly cation, anion, decoloration and adsorption), double-effect concentration equipment, a centrifugal spray drying sample, a collection chamber, a mixer, sieving and subpackaging to obtain the finished product.
From the batch feeder, the equipment is connected by a pipeline (304 steel) and is controlled by a PLC automatic cleaning system. After all equipment is cleaned, cooling water, recycled water and the like are used, the water is temporarily stored in a reservoir or a temporary storage tank, and is discharged after being treated, or is recycled through water production equipment. Carrying out secondary enzymolysis on the centrifugal residues and the membrane unfiltered liquid, or directly drying for feed fermentation.
The production process comprises the following steps:
1) preparing raw materials: crushing guar splits, sieving the crushed guar splits with a 80-mesh sieve, detecting raw materials, transferring the raw materials to a batch feeder for feeding operation, wherein the feeding amount is 5-20%, the low substrate concentration can be fed once, and the high concentration is fed in batches.
2) Enzymolysis: directly adding 50 deg.C distilled water, adding enzyme solution, feeding, and performing enzymolysis.
3) Coarse separation: carrying out solid-liquid separation on the enzymatic hydrolysate by using a tubular centrifuge, a disc centrifuge and a horizontal centrifuge, respectively collecting solid residues, and carrying out secondary enzymolysis or drying for biological fermentation; temporarily storing the supernatant in a temporary storage tank, and performing membrane separation.
4) Fine separation: refining the supernatant by using a membrane device. Removing macromolecular protein and macromolecular saccharide; the membrane equipment can be used in series to carry out fine filtration, ultrafiltration and nanofiltration on a target product, thereby achieving the purposes of fractional separation, purification and refinement. The membrane separation efficiency is high, impurities can be effectively removed, the loss of effective components is reduced, and the loss rate of galactomannan separated by using a membrane is less than or equal to 10 percent; the method has the advantages of simple process, gradable separation, easy continuous and automatic operation, shortened production period, reduced cost, no phase change in the process, and retained original material characteristics. The galactomannan is separated by a membrane, compared with the traditional process, the product purity can reach more than 99 percent, and the product yield can be improved by 20 to 50 percent; the participation of organic reagents is avoided, no solvent residue is generated, and the requirements of dietary fiber purification and refining can be met.
5) Ion exchange column: the selected resin can be one or more of A-30, D001, ZGC258FD, D354FD, D113 and D201\ D301\ D202\ D204. Ion exchange resins are very good at removing various impurities, particularly colored materials and ash, from sugar liquors. For the production of high quality oligo-and polysaccharides, ion exchange resins are used to remove various pigments and impurities with the best effect. Color number has been an important issue in sugar mill production. Decoloring is one of the difficulties which plague sugar manufacturing engineering. The advent of ion exchange technology has made this problem readily apparent. The working process is as follows: feeding → normal operation → desugaring → backwashing → regeneration → cleaning → standby. The dietary fiber solution after membrane separation sequentially passes through a cation column, an anion column and a decoloration and deodorization column. Two ion exchange bed bodies are connected in series to form a group, and the front resin column and the rear resin column are respectively filled with macroporous cation exchange resin and macroporous weak base anion resin. Effectively control the pigment pressure distribution, the cycle treatment capacity is large, the decoloration quality is uniform, and the ash removal is high.
TABLE 2 resin decolorization Process data
| Measurement index | Before decolorization | After decolorization |
| Sugar degree/%) | 4-15 | 3-14 |
| pH of the effluent | 6-7 | 6-7 |
| Conductivity Us/cm | 490-548 | 10-50 |
| Transmittance (a) | ≥95 | ≥99 |
TABLE 3 resin decolorization Capacity
| Item | Removal rate% |
| Desalination rate% | ≥90 |
| The protein removal rate% | ≥85％ |
| Decolorization ratio% | ≥99％ |
| Decolorization volume/time | 30-100 |
6) Concentration: the concentration equipment can be membrane concentration equipment, can also be vacuum concentration equipment, double-effect concentration equipment, carries out the concentration to the material.
7) UHT sterilization: and carrying out ultrahigh-temperature instantaneous sterilization treatment on the purified enzymolysis liquid.
8) Spray drying: and (4) carrying out centrifugal spray drying and granulation on the sterilized enzymolysis liquid.
9) Mixing and subpackaging: spray drying the sample, directly feeding into a clean room through a pipeline, mixing, and subpackaging.
TABLE 4 post-treatment part Process parameters
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. The extraction method of the water-soluble dietary fiber is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) pulverizing guar splits, and sieving with a 60-120 mesh sieve;
(2) taking 100-150 parts of guar splits, adding 100-300 parts of water, stirring uniformly, adding galactomannase for enzymolysis for 6-10 h;
(3) collecting the enzymolysis liquid prepared in the step (2), centrifuging at 8000-12000r/min for 5-10min, collecting supernatant, membrane filtering, and concentrating; or filtering the enzymolysis solution by a plate frame, collecting filtrate, concentrating, centrifuging, filtering by a membrane, and concentrating;
(4) spray drying the concentrated solution at a sample introduction temperature of 160-200 deg.C and an outlet temperature of not less than 85 deg.C, and collecting dried sample to obtain water soluble dietary fiber.
2. The method for extracting water-soluble dietary fiber according to claim 1, wherein the enzymolysis temperature is 50 ℃, and the enzyme-substrate ratio is 1000 u/g; the pH was controlled with 5% sodium hydroxide and 5% citric acid to 5.5-7.5.
3. The method for extracting the water-soluble dietary fiber according to claim 1, wherein neutral protease is added after the galactomannase is subjected to enzymolysis for 4-6 hours, the enzyme-base ratio is 4000u/g, and the enzymolysis is carried out for 2-4 hours, so that an enzymolysis solution is obtained.
4. The method for extracting water-soluble dietary fiber according to claim 1, wherein the plate-and-frame filtration plate-and-frame is filled with diatomaceous earth having a particle size of 1000 μm.
5. The method for extracting water-soluble dietary fiber according to claim 1, wherein the feeding rate of the step (4) is 14-20%.
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