CN111684882A

CN111684882A - No-tillage seeding fertilization closed weeding all-in-one machine

Info

Publication number: CN111684882A
Application number: CN202010572672.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 魏会廷; 汤永禄; 李俊; 张鸿; 夏先全; 李朝苏; 向运佳; 杨武云; 舒泽刚
Original assignee: ZHONGJIANG ZEFENG SMALL-SIZED AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY MANUFACTURING CO LTD; Institute of Plant Protection Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences; CROP Research Institute of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: ZHONGJIANG ZEFENG SMALL-SIZED AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY MANUFACTURING CO LTD; Institute of Plant Protection Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences; CROP Research Institute of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2020-06-22
Filing date: 2020-06-22
Publication date: 2020-09-22

Abstract

The invention discloses a no-tillage seeding, fertilizing and closed weeding integrated machine which comprises a frame which is dragged on an agricultural motor vehicle, wherein a seeding mechanism, a fertilizing mechanism, a rotary tillage mechanism, a land wheel mechanism and a pesticide applying mechanism used for spraying soil treatment pesticide liquid are arranged on the frame, the pesticide applying mechanism mainly comprises a pesticide finished product barrel for containing the soil treatment pesticide liquid, an electric pump for pumping the pesticide liquid in the pesticide finished product barrel and a nozzle distributing pipe for spraying the pesticide liquid, and the spraying action of the pesticide applying mechanism is associated with the action of the seeding mechanism/the fertilizing mechanism. The invention effectively integrates the functions of rotary tillage, seeding, fertilizing and closed weeding into a whole, can complete the steps of rotary tillage, seeding, fertilizing, closed weeding and the like in one step, does not need to spray soil treatment liquid medicine subsequently, is beneficial to reducing the labor intensity of seeding farming and controlling the cost of the seeding farming, and is economical and practical; moreover, the soil treatment liquid medicine sprayed in the farmland can form the effect of combining the soil surface treatment and the soil mixing treatment, and the weeding effect is stable.

Description

No-tillage seeding fertilization closed weeding all-in-one machine

Technical Field

The invention relates to a no-tillage drill seeder, in particular to a drill seeder integrating rotary tillage, seeding, fertilizing and closed weeding functions.

Background

The no-tillage drill seeder is an agricultural instrument which replaces manual work and completes the steps of rotary tillage, seeding, fertilization and the like in one step, has the technical advantages of high efficiency of operation, standard seeding and the like, and is widely applied to agricultural production.

At present, a common no-tillage drill seeder mainly comprises a frame which is towed on an agricultural motor vehicle (such as a tractor) and a rotary tillage mechanism which is arranged at the front side of the lower part of the frame, a land wheel mechanism which is arranged at the rear side of the lower part of the frame, a seeding mechanism and a fertilizing mechanism which are arranged between the rotary tillage mechanism and the land wheel mechanism, and the like, and only has the functions of rotary tillage, seeding and fertilizing.

The no-tillage seeding reduces the steps of soil tillage and turning, the weed seeds are distributed on the ground surface and are easy to germinate and emerge, and the weed harm is one of the important factors limiting the application of the no-tillage technology. In order to suppress or kill the germinating weeds, it is necessary to spray a soil treatment agent, i.e., a closed herbicide, before and after sowing. Because the no-tillage drill seeder only has the functions of rotary tillage, seeding and fertilization, the weeding procedure needs to be implemented separately and subsequently independently from the no-tillage drill seeding operation, not only increases the labor intensity and the operation cost of farming, but also can be implemented separately and subsequently only by spraying the soil treatment liquid medicine on the soil surface of the farmland before seedling emergence, and the weeding effect is greatly influenced by the water content of the soil, is unstable and is difficult to achieve the ideal effect.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the defects of the crop particularity and the prior art, the drill seeder integrating the functions of rotary tillage, seeding, fertilization and closed weeding is provided.

The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a no-tillage seeding, fertilizing, sealing and weeding integrated machine comprises a rack which is dragged on an agricultural motor vehicle, wherein a seeding mechanism, a fertilizing mechanism, a rotary tillage mechanism and a land wheel mechanism are arranged on the rack; the machine frame is also provided with a pesticide applying mechanism used for spraying soil treatment pesticide liquid, the pesticide applying mechanism mainly comprises a pesticide liquid finished product barrel for containing the soil treatment pesticide liquid, an electric pump for pumping the pesticide liquid in the pesticide liquid finished product barrel and a nozzle distributing pipe for spraying the pesticide liquid, and the spraying action of the pesticide applying mechanism is associated with the seed discharging action of the seeding mechanism/the fertilizer discharging action of the fertilizer applying mechanism.

Preferably, the nozzle arrangement pipe of the pesticide applying mechanism is arranged on the frame behind the seed discharging pipe of the seeding mechanism and the fertilizer discharging pipe of the fertilizer applying mechanism.

Preferably, the nozzle arrangement pipe of the pesticide applying mechanism is of a hard pipe structure, and a plurality of pesticide applying nozzles are arranged on the bottom side of the nozzle arrangement pipe at intervals along the length direction. Furthermore, a plurality of pesticide application nozzles on the nozzle arrangement pipe correspond to the seed discharge pipes of the seed sowing mechanism/the fertilizer discharge pipes of the fertilizer application mechanism arranged on the front side of the frame. The nozzle arrangement pipe is characterized in that a nozzle protection shell of an angle structure is arranged at the arrangement position of the nozzle arrangement pipe on the rack, the nozzle protection shell protects the nozzle arrangement pipe from the top side and the front side, and the lower extension length of the front side skirt edge of the nozzle protection shell is larger than the outer diameter of the nozzle arrangement pipe with the pesticide application nozzle.

As one preferable scheme, the pesticide applying mechanism is provided with a liquid medicine pre-preparation barrel used for diluting and preparing the soil treatment pesticide, and the liquid medicine pre-preparation barrel is connected with the liquid medicine finished product barrel. Further, the liquid medicine pre-prepared barrel is fixed at the head of the agricultural motor vehicle through a support, and the finished liquid medicine barrel is fixed on a traction platform on the rack through a support.

Preferably, the fertilizer applying mechanism is provided with a controller for controlling the start/stop action of the electric pump, the controller acquires a rotation action signal of a fertilizer distributor of the seed metering device/fertilizer applying mechanism of the seeding mechanism through a rotation detection switch, and the controller controls the start/stop of the electric pump according to the acquired rotation action signal of the fertilizer distributor of the seed metering device/fertilizer applying mechanism of the seeding mechanism.

Preferably, the electric pump of the applicator mechanism is powered by a battery of the agricultural vehicle.

The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:

1. the invention effectively integrates the pesticide applying mechanism on the basis of the conventional no-tillage drill seeder, thereby integrating the functions of rotary tillage, seeding, fertilizing and closed weeding into a whole, namely, when seeding the farming, the steps of rotary tillage, seeding, fertilizing, closed weeding and the like can be completed in one step without subsequent additional spraying of soil treatment liquid medicine, thus being beneficial to reducing the labor intensity of the seeding farming and controlling the cost of the seeding farming, and being economical and practical; moreover, the soil treatment liquid medicine sprayed in the farmland is partially attached to the soil surface, and the other part of the soil treatment liquid medicine is mixed in the soil, so that the effect of combining the soil surface treatment and the soil mixing treatment is formed, the weeding effect is stable, and the ideal effect can be achieved;

2. the arrangement position of the nozzle arrangement pipe of the pesticide applying mechanism on the rack can effectively ensure the reliable realization of the effect of combining the soil surface treatment and the soil mixing treatment; in addition, the arrangement structure of the nozzle arrangement pipes of the pesticide applying mechanism on the frame effectively corresponds to the front-side drilling structure, can effectively prevent the influence of soil turned up at the front side on each pesticide applying nozzle on the nozzle arrangement pipes, and has stable operation and good weeding effect;

3. the liquid medicine pre-preparation barrel of the pesticide applying mechanism is matched with the liquid medicine finished product barrel, so that a large-capacity pesticide carrying process can be formed in a single-time sowing farming process, and the early-stage pesticide dispensing operation at the liquid medicine pre-preparation barrel can ensure that relatively sufficient pesticide mixing is formed when the pesticide flows to the liquid medicine finished product barrel, so that the components of the sprayed liquid medicine are homogenized; in addition, the liquid medicine pre-prepared barrel is fixed at the head of the agricultural motor vehicle, and the finished liquid medicine barrel is fixed on a traction platform on a frame of the drilling machine, so that not only is full mixing of the liquid medicine facilitated, but also a counterweight effect can be formed at the head;

4. the spraying action of the pesticide applying mechanism is related to the rotating action of the seeding mechanism/the fertilizer applying mechanism, so that the soil treatment pesticide can be effectively and synchronously sprayed during seeding/fertilizing, the seeding/fertilizing operation time and the operation area basically and effectively correspond to the pesticide spraying time and the operation area, and useless work is avoided.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of one construction of the dispensing mechanism of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the control principle of the electric pump of the applicator mechanism of the present invention.

The reference numbers in the figures mean: 1, a frame; 11-a traction platform; 12-nozzle protection shell; 2, a sowing mechanism; 21-seed box; 22-a seed sowing device; 23-a seed tube; 3, a rotary tillage mechanism; 4-a land wheel mechanism; 5-a drug delivery mechanism; 51-a liquid medicine pre-preparation barrel; 52-a liquid medicine finished product barrel; 53-electric pump; 54-nozzle arrangement pipe; 55-a dispensing nozzle; 56-rotation detection switch; 57-controller.

Detailed Description

The invention relates to a no-tillage drill seeder, in particular to a drill seeder integrating no-tillage, seeding, fertilizing and closed weeding functions, and the main technical content of the invention is explained in detail below with reference to the attached drawings of the specification, namely fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3.

It is expressly noted here that the drawings of the present invention are schematic and have been simplified in unnecessary detail for the purpose of clarity and to avoid obscuring the technical solutions that the present invention contributes to the prior art.

Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, the present invention comprises a frame 1, a sowing mechanism 2, a fertilizing mechanism, a rotary tillage mechanism 3, a land wheel mechanism 4 and a pesticide applying mechanism 5.

The frame 1 mainly comprises two side blocks and a traction platform 11 connected between the two side blocks, and is of a horizontal I-shaped structure. A towing structure extending forwards is fixedly connected to the towing platform 11 of the frame 1, and the frame 1 is connected with an agricultural vehicle, such as a tractor, through the towing structure, so that the agricultural vehicle generates a driving force for walking.

The rotary tillage mechanism 3 mainly comprises a rotating shaft and a plurality of groups of rotary tillage cutters which are basically arranged on the rotating shaft at equal intervals along the length of the rotating shaft, and each group of rotary tillage cutters mainly comprises 3-4 blades which are circumferentially and dispersedly and uniformly distributed. Two ends of a rotating shaft of the rotary tillage mechanism 3 are arranged on edge blocks at two sides of the bottom of the frame 1 through bearing assemblies, and the whole rotary tillage mechanism 3 is positioned at the front side below a traction platform 11 on the frame 1.

The land wheel mechanism 4 mainly comprises a rotating shaft and tooth-shaped wheels arranged at two ends of the rotating shaft. Two ends of a rotating shaft of the land wheel mechanism 4 are arranged on the edge stops at two sides of the bottom of the frame 1 through bearing assemblies and are positioned at the rear side of the rotary tillage mechanism 3. In order to prevent the soil spun up by the rotary tillage mechanism 3 from scattering and flying, a soil guard plate is usually provided on the frame 1 between the rotary tillage mechanism 3 and the land wheel mechanism 4.

The fertilizer mechanism mainly comprises a fertilizer box, a fertilizer distributor and a fertilizer distributing pipe. The fertilizer apparatus and the fertilizer pipe are matched with each other in a plurality of groups, and the number of the groups is generally corresponding to the number of the groups of the rotary tillage cutters on the rotary tillage mechanism 3. The fertilizer box is transversely fixed at the front side of the top of the side blocks at two sides of the frame 1, a plurality of fertilizer outlets are basically arranged at equal intervals at the bottom of the fertilizer box along the length direction, and the number and the positions of the fertilizer outlets basically correspond to the positions and the number of groups of rotary tillage cutters on the lower rotary tillage mechanism 3. Each group of fertilizer applicators is arranged at the bottom of the fertilizer box in series through a shaft lever and corresponds to each fertilizer outlet at the bottom of the fertilizer box. Each fertilizer pipe is butted on the corresponding fertilizer apparatus, the lower end of each fertilizer pipe passes through the traction platform 11 of the frame 1 and extends to the front side of the middle bottom part of the rotary tillage mechanism 3, and the rotary action of the rotary tillage mechanism 3 is not influenced.

The seeding mechanism 2 mainly comprises a seed box 21, a seed metering device 22 and a seed metering pipe 23. The seed metering device 22 and the seed metering tube 23 are provided in a plurality of sets, and the number of the sets corresponds to the number of the rotary tillage cutter sets on the rotary tillage mechanism 3, namely, the number of the fertilizer feeders and the fertilizer metering tubes on the fertilizer applying mechanism. The seed box 21 is transversely fixed at the rear side of the top of the side blocks at two sides of the frame 1, a plurality of seed discharging ports are basically arranged at the bottom of the seed box 21 at equal intervals along the length direction, and the number and the position of the seed discharging ports basically correspond to the position and the number of each group of rotary tillage cutters on the lower rotary tillage mechanism 3. The seed metering devices 22 are arranged at the bottom of the seed box 21 in series through shaft rods and correspond to the seed metering ports at the bottom of the seed box 21. Each seed tube 23 is butted on the corresponding seed tube 22, and the lower end of each seed tube 23 passes through the traction platform 11 of the frame 1 and extends to the rear side of the middle bottom of the rotary tillage mechanism 3, which of course should not affect the rotation of the rotary tillage mechanism 3. In order to make the seed box 21 and the fertilizer box on the top of the rack 1 compact, the seed box 21 and the fertilizer box are usually integrated into a box body with the same shell structure, and the inside is separated by a partition plate.

The land wheel mechanism 4 on the frame 1 is directly or indirectly connected with the seeding mechanism 2 and the fertilizing mechanism through a transmission chain, and the rotating force of the land wheel mechanism 4 is directly or indirectly transmitted to the seed sowing device 22 of the seeding mechanism 2 and the fertilizer apparatus of the fertilizing mechanism through the transmission chain.

The pesticide application mechanism 5 is used for spraying soil treatment pesticide, namely closed herbicide, to farmland soil. The dispensing mechanism 5 is mainly composed of a liquid medicine pre-preparation barrel 51, a liquid medicine finished product barrel 52, an electric pump 53, a nozzle arrangement pipe 54, a rotation detection switch 56 and a controller 57.

Specifically, the liquid medicine pre-preparation barrel 51 is used for diluting and preparing soil treatment agent, is fixed at the head of an agricultural motor vehicle through a bracket, and realizes counterweight of the vehicle while dispensing and mixing the medicine.

The number of the finished medical fluid tanks 52 is at least one, and usually two. Each of the finished liquid medicine barrels 52 is fixed to the traction platform 11 of the frame 1 through a respective bracket (e.g., a hoop), and the two finished liquid medicine barrels 52 are arranged side by side on the traction platform 11 of the frame 1. Each of the finished drug solution tanks 52 is connected to the pre-prepared drug solution tank 51 in a parallel structure by a flexible tube, and a control valve is generally provided on the flexible tube connected therebetween. Each of the liquid medicine finished product barrels 52 is used for containing prepared liquid medicine which can be directly sprayed.

The electric pump 53 is fixed on the traction platform 11 of the frame 1 by fastening bolts or the like, and is located at the middle part of the two finished medicine liquid barrels 52. The electric pump 53 is powered by the battery of the agricultural vehicle. The input end of the electric pump 53 is connected with the two finished liquid medicine barrels 52 through pipelines (which can be in a hard pipe structure or a hose structure) with control valves, and the two finished liquid medicine barrels 52 are connected with the electric pump 53 in parallel. The output end of the electric pump 53 is connected to the nozzle arrangement pipe 54 through a hose. The electric pump 53 is used for pumping out the liquid medicine in the corresponding finished liquid medicine tank 52 and supplying the liquid medicine to the nozzle arrangement pipe 54 under pressure.

The nozzle arrangement pipe 54 has a hard pipe structure and is used for spraying the liquid medicine to the farmland. The length of the nozzle row pipes 54 corresponds to the width between the side edges of the frame 1. The nozzle arrangement pipe 54 has a plurality of pesticide application nozzles 55 arranged at a substantial pitch along the longitudinal direction on the bottom side thereof, and the arrangement positions and the number of the pesticide application nozzles 55 correspond to the number of the seed discharge pipes 23 of the seed sowing mechanism 2/the number of the fertilizer discharge pipes of the fertilizer application mechanism. The nozzle arrangement pipe 54 of the foregoing construction is transversely arranged on the frame 1 at the rear side of the above-described sowing mechanism 2 and fertilizing mechanism, in the vicinity of the traction platform 11, by means of fasteners (e.g., hoops, etc.).

A nozzle protective shell 12 is transversely arranged at the rear side of the traction platform 11 of the frame 1, and the nozzle protective shell 12 mainly comprises a top side protective plate and a front side protective plate to form an angle-shaped structure. The nozzle distribution pipe 54 of the above structure is fixed in the nozzle protection casing 12 at the rear side of the frame 1 by fasteners, the nozzle protection casing 12 shields the nozzle distribution pipe 54 from the top side and the front side, and the length of the front skirt of the nozzle protection casing 12, i.e. the lower length of the front skirt, is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the nozzle distribution pipe 54 with the dispensing nozzle 55, in other words, the length of the front skirt of the nozzle protection casing 12 extending downwards is slightly larger than the sum of the outer diameter of the nozzle distribution pipe 54 and the lower convex height of the dispensing nozzle 55, so that the soil turned up at the front side can be effectively prevented from affecting each dispensing nozzle 55. The chemical liquid pressurized and fed by the electric pump 53 is sprayed to the farm field through the respective chemical spray nozzles 55 of the nozzle distribution pipe 54.

A rotation detection switch 56 (i.e., a zero speed switch) is provided on the rotational structure (i.e., the shaft) of the seed meter 22 of the sowing mechanism 2 for detecting whether the rotational motion of the seed meter 22 of the sowing mechanism 2 occurs.

The controller 57 functions to collect a detection signal of the rotation detection switch 56 and to control the operation of the electric pump 53. That is, the controller 57 acquires a rotation operation signal of the seed metering device 22 of the seed metering mechanism 2 through the rotation detection switch 56, and the controller 57 controls the electric pump 53 to be turned on/off according to the acquired rotation operation signal of the seed metering device 22 of the seed metering mechanism 2 (the electric pump 53 is turned on when the seed metering device 22 rotates and the electric pump 53 is turned off when the seed metering device 22 is stationary), so that the spraying operation of the seed metering mechanism 5 is associated with the seed metering operation of the seed metering mechanism 2, and useless work is avoided.

Of course, the rotation detection switch may be provided on the fertilizer apparatus rotation structure of the fertilizer application mechanism to detect the rotation of the fertilizer apparatus.

In addition, the front and rear side arrangement structure of the seeding mechanism and the fertilizing mechanism on the frame can be adjusted according to the seeding crop requirement, namely the front side structure is used as the seeding mechanism for seeding, and the rear side structure is used as the fertilizing mechanism for fertilizing, and vice versa.

The above detailed description is merely illustrative of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting thereof. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the specific embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the specific technical scheme can be modified, or part of technical characteristics can be equivalently replaced (for example, a liquid medicine pre-preparation barrel is omitted, and a liquid medicine finished product barrel is directly adopted for dispensing, or one liquid medicine finished product barrel is adopted); and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention in its essence.

Claims

1. A no-tillage seeding, fertilizing, sealing and weeding integrated machine comprises a rack (1) which is dragged on an agricultural motor vehicle, wherein a seeding mechanism (2), a fertilizing mechanism, a rotary tillage mechanism (3) and a land wheel mechanism (4) are arranged on the rack (1); the method is characterized in that: still be provided with on frame (1) and be used as spraying soil to handle the mechanism of giving medicine to the poor free of charge (5) of liquid medicine, mechanism of giving medicine to the poor free of charge (5) mainly comprises liquid medicine finished product bucket (52) of splendid attire soil treatment liquid medicine, pump the electric pump (53) of liquid medicine in liquid medicine finished product bucket (52), the nozzle of spraying liquid medicine arranges cloth pipe (54), the spraying action of mechanism of giving medicine to the poor free of charge (5) with the seed metering action of sowing mechanism (2)/the fertilizer discharging action of fertilizing mechanism is correlated with.

2. The no-tillage seeding, fertilizing, sealing and weeding all-in-one machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and the nozzle arrangement pipe (54) of the pesticide applying mechanism (5) is arranged on the seed discharging pipe (23) of the seeding mechanism (2) and the rack (1) at the rear side of the fertilizer discharging pipe of the fertilizer applying mechanism.

3. The no-tillage seeding, fertilizing, sealing and weeding all-in-one machine as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the nozzle arrangement pipe (54) of the pesticide applying mechanism (5) is of a hard pipe structure, and a plurality of pesticide applying nozzles (55) are arranged on the bottom side of the nozzle arrangement pipe (54) at intervals along the length direction.

4. The no-tillage seeding, fertilizing, sealing and weeding all-in-one machine as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the plurality of pesticide applying nozzles (55) on the nozzle arrangement pipe (54) correspond to the seed discharging pipes (23) of the seeding mechanism (2) arranged at the front side of the frame (1)/the fertilizer discharging pipes of the fertilizer applying mechanism.

5. The no-tillage seeding, fertilizing, sealing and weeding all-in-one machine as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the arrangement position of the nozzle arrangement pipe (54) on the frame (1) is provided with a nozzle protection shell (12) with an angle structure, the nozzle protection shell (12) protects the nozzle arrangement pipe (54) from the top side and the front side, and the lower extension of the front side skirt edge of the nozzle protection shell (12) is longer than the outer diameter of the nozzle arrangement pipe (54) with the pesticide application nozzle (55).

6. The no-tillage seeding, fertilizing, sealing and weeding all-in-one machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the pesticide applying mechanism (5) is provided with a liquid medicine pre-preparation barrel (51) for diluting and preparing soil treatment pesticide, and the liquid medicine pre-preparation barrel (51) is connected with the liquid medicine finished product barrel (52).

7. The no-tillage seeding, fertilizing, sealing and weeding all-in-one machine as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the liquid medicine pre-preparation barrel (51) is fixed at the head of the agricultural motor vehicle through a support, and the liquid medicine finished product barrel (52) is fixed on a traction platform (11) on the rack (1) through a support.

8. The no-tillage seeding, fertilizing, sealing and weeding all-in-one machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the pesticide applying mechanism (5) is provided with a controller (57) for controlling the starting/stopping action of the electric pump (53), the controller (57) acquires a rotating action signal of a seed metering device (22)/a fertilizer distributor of the seeding mechanism (2) through a rotation detection switch (56), and the controller (57) controls the starting/stopping of the electric pump (53) according to the acquired rotating action signal of the seed metering device (22)/the fertilizer distributor of the seeding mechanism (2).

9. The no-tillage seeding, fertilizing, sealing and weeding all-in-one machine as claimed in claim 1 or 8, wherein: the electric pump (53) of the dosing mechanism (5) is powered by the battery of the agricultural vehicle.