CN111679330B - Integrated sensor for electromagnetic wave geological perspective and acoustic emission monitoring and excavation following monitoring method - Google Patents
Integrated sensor for electromagnetic wave geological perspective and acoustic emission monitoring and excavation following monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111679330B CN111679330B CN202010359766.4A CN202010359766A CN111679330B CN 111679330 B CN111679330 B CN 111679330B CN 202010359766 A CN202010359766 A CN 202010359766A CN 111679330 B CN111679330 B CN 111679330B
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 claims description 63
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 48
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002512 anti-withdrawal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011897 real-time detection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
- G01V3/12—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with electromagnetic waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses an integrated sensor for electromagnetic wave geological perspective and acoustic emission monitoring and a following excavation monitoring method, wherein the integrated sensor comprises an emission sensor and a receiving sensor; the transmitting sensor comprises a first acoustic emission sensing short section and an electromagnetic wave transmitting short section, the receiving sensor comprises a second acoustic emission sensing short section, a first electromagnetic wave receiving short section and a second electromagnetic wave receiving short section, the first electromagnetic wave receiving short section and the second electromagnetic wave receiving short section of the receiving sensor transmit electromagnetic wave source signals through the electromagnetic wave transmitting short section of the collecting transmitting sensor and then transmit the electromagnetic wave source signals through a coal rock body, and geological perspective of a tunneling surface is achieved through calculation, analysis and inversion of the electromagnetic wave source signals.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an integrated sensor for electromagnetic wave geological perspective and acoustic emission monitoring and a following excavation monitoring method.
Background
The coal rock gas dynamic phenomenon of the driving working face of the production mine and the human and financial loss and influence caused by coal and gas outburst accidents are huge, and the outburst accidents caused by rock cross coal uncovering are particularly typical. The conventional outburst prediction method of the existing heading face focuses on measuring and monitoring related indexes of gas, sensors are also based on gas probes, and stress, structural indexes of coal bodies and related monitoring sensors are just lacked, so that the method is incomplete for comprehensively reflecting outburst action factors and accurately predicting outburst risks.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an integrated sensor for monitoring electromagnetic wave geological perspective and acoustic emission and a digging following monitoring method, and aims to solve the problems that the existing sensor cannot comprehensively reflect prominent action factors and cannot accurately predict prominent risks.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides an integrated sensor for electromagnetic wave geological perspective and acoustic emission monitoring, which comprises an emission sensor and a receiving sensor;
the emission sensor comprises a first acoustic emission sensing short section and an electromagnetic wave emission short section, the first acoustic emission sensing short section is connected with the electromagnetic wave emission short section through a first front end connecting mechanism, and the tail of the electromagnetic wave emission short section is connected with a first tail end connecting mechanism;
the receiving sensor comprises a second sound emission sensing short section, a first electromagnetic wave receiving short section and a second electromagnetic wave receiving short section, the second sound emission sensing short section is connected with the first electromagnetic wave receiving short section through a second front end connecting mechanism, the first electromagnetic wave receiving short section is connected with the second electromagnetic wave receiving short section through an intermediate connecting mechanism, and the tail of the second electromagnetic wave receiving short section is connected with a second tail end connecting mechanism;
and the first electromagnetic wave receiving short section and the second electromagnetic wave receiving short section of the receiving sensor are used for acquiring electromagnetic wave source signals which are transmitted by the coal rock body after being transmitted by the electromagnetic wave transmitting short section of the transmitting sensor, and the geological perspective of the heading face is realized by calculating, analyzing and inverting the electromagnetic wave source signals.
Furthermore, a first front-end anti-back-off clamp is fixedly mounted at the front end of the first acoustic emission sensing short joint, and a first tail-end anti-back-off clamp is fixedly mounted at the tail part of the first tail-end connecting mechanism; the front end fixed mounting of second sound transmission sensing nipple joint has the second front end to prevent moving back the card, second tail end coupling mechanism's afterbody fixed mounting has the second tail end to prevent moving back the card.
Furthermore, the first front-end connecting mechanism comprises a first shell detachably connected between a first acoustic emission sensing short section and an electromagnetic wave emission short section, two ends of the first shell are respectively provided with a first aviation plug, the two first aviation plugs are respectively connected with the first acoustic emission sensing short section and the electromagnetic wave emission short section, and the two first aviation plugs are connected through a first shielding cable; the first tail end connecting mechanism comprises a second shell, a second aviation plug connected with the electromagnetic wave transmitting short section is arranged in the second shell, and the second aviation plug is connected with the signal transmission cable through a second shielding cable.
Furthermore, the first shell, the first acoustic emission sensing short section and the electromagnetic wave emission short section, and the second shell and the electromagnetic wave emission short section are connected through threads.
Furthermore, the second front-end connecting mechanism comprises a third shell detachably connected between the second sound emission sensing short section and the first electromagnetic wave receiving short section, two ends of the third shell are respectively provided with a third aviation plug, the two third aviation plugs are respectively connected with the second sound emission sensing short section and the first electromagnetic wave receiving short section, and the two third aviation plugs are connected through a third shielded cable;
the middle connecting mechanism comprises a fourth shell which is detachably connected between the first electromagnetic wave receiving short section and the second electromagnetic wave receiving short section, wherein two ends of the fourth shell are respectively provided with a fourth aviation plug, the two fourth aviation plugs are respectively connected with the first electromagnetic wave receiving short section and the second electromagnetic wave receiving short section, and the two fourth aviation plugs are connected through a fourth shielding cable;
the second tail end connecting mechanism comprises a fifth shell, a fifth aviation plug connected with the second electromagnetic wave receiving short section is arranged in the fifth shell, and the fifth aviation plug is connected with the signal transmission cable through a fifth shielding cable.
Furthermore, the third shell is in threaded connection with the second sound emission sensing nipple and the first electromagnetic wave receiving nipple, the fourth shell is in threaded connection with the first electromagnetic wave receiving nipple and the second electromagnetic wave receiving nipple, and the fifth shell is in threaded connection with the second electromagnetic wave receiving nipple.
In addition, the invention provides a following excavation monitoring method for performing electromagnetic wave geological perspective and acoustic emission monitoring by using the integrated sensor for electromagnetic wave geological perspective and acoustic emission monitoring, which comprises the following steps of:
s1: alternately installing the transmitting sensors and the receiving sensors in the coal rock layer; the first acoustic emission sensing short section and the second acoustic emission sensing short section are arranged on the top plate of the coal seam of the tunneling working face, and the electromagnetic wave emission short section, the first electromagnetic wave receiving short section and the second electromagnetic wave receiving short section are uniformly distributed between the top plate and the bottom plate of the coal seam of the tunneling working face;
s2: acquiring acoustic emission signals inside the coal rock mass through the acoustic emission sensing nipple to realize online continuous monitoring of acoustic emission; and electromagnetic wave source signals which are transmitted by the coal rock body after being transmitted by the electromagnetic wave transmitting short section of the collecting and transmitting sensor are calculated, analyzed and inverted through the electromagnetic wave source signals so as to realize geological perspective of the heading face.
Further, the specific installation method of the transmitting sensor and the receiving sensor is as follows: and constructing layer-penetrating drill holes from a bottom plate roadway below the tunneling working face to the tunneling working face at equal intervals, controlling the hole bottom positions of the drill holes to be outside the tunneling contour line in front of the tunneling head, and installing sensors from the bottom plate roadway into the drill holes.
Furthermore, the transmitting sensor and the receiving sensor are fixed in a coal rock layer by utilizing a front-end anti-withdrawal clamp and a tail-end anti-withdrawal clamp, and the transmitting sensor and the receiving sensor are fixed in an orifice blocking mode.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method can be used for geological perspective real-time detection and acoustic emission on-line continuous monitoring in the whole tunneling process of a tunneling working face, so that the defects of prediction indexes in the aspects of coal body structure detection and stress monitoring at the present stage are overcome, the monitoring means of outburst prediction and top and bottom plate disasters in the tunneling process are increased, and the accuracy of coal rock gas dynamic disaster monitoring and early warning is improved. Meanwhile, the method has important guiding significance on the construction of the extraction drill hole, and also accords with the automatic and intelligent development direction of gas control.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and not to limit the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an emission sensor in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a receiving sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an integrated sensor monitoring process arrangement according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein: A. an emission sensor; a1, a first front-end anti-back card; a2, a first acoustic emission sensing short joint; a3, a first front end connecting mechanism; a4, electromagnetic wave transmitting short sections; a5, a first tail end connecting mechanism; a6, the first tail end is prevented from withdrawing the card; a7, first threads; a8, a first shielded cable; a9, a first shell; a10, a first aviation plug; B. receiving a sensor; b1, preventing the card from being withdrawn at the second front end; b2, transmitting a sensing short section by a second sound; b3, a second front end connecting mechanism; b4, a first electromagnetic wave receiving short section; b5, an intermediate connecting mechanism; b6, a second electromagnetic wave receiving short section; b7, a second tail end connecting mechanism; b8, preventing the card from being withdrawn from the second tail end; b9, second threads; b10, a second shell; b11, a second shielded cable; b12, a second aviation plug.
Detailed Description
An integrated sensor for electromagnetic wave geological perspective and acoustic emission monitoring comprises an emission sensor A and a receiving sensor B; the following describes each component in detail:
as shown in fig. 1, the emission sensor a includes a first acoustic emission sensing nipple A2 and an electromagnetic wave emission nipple A4, the first acoustic emission sensing nipple A2 is connected with the electromagnetic wave emission nipple A4 through a first front end connection mechanism A3, and the tail of the electromagnetic wave emission nipple A4 is connected with a first tail end connection mechanism A5.
The first front-end connecting mechanism A3 comprises a first shell A9 which is detachably connected between a first acoustic emission sensing short section A2 and an electromagnetic wave emission short section A4, two ends of the first shell A9 are respectively provided with a first aviation plug A10, the two first aviation plugs A10 are respectively connected with the first acoustic emission sensing short section A2 and the electromagnetic wave emission short section A4, and the two first aviation plugs A10 are connected through a first shielding cable A8; the first tail end connecting mechanism A5 comprises a second shell, a second aviation plug connected with the electromagnetic wave transmitting short section A4 is arranged in the second shell, and the second aviation plug is connected with a signal transmission cable through a second shielding cable. The lengths of the first front-end connecting mechanism A3 and the first tail-end connecting mechanism A5 are matched according to the length increase or the length reduction of the connecting shell of the actual thickness of the coal seam on site.
The first shell A9 is in threaded connection with the first acoustic emission sensing nipple A2 and the electromagnetic wave transmitting nipple A4, and the second shell is in threaded connection with the electromagnetic wave transmitting nipple A4.
As shown in fig. 2, the receiving sensor B includes a second sound emitting and sensing nipple B2, a first electromagnetic wave receiving nipple B4 and a second electromagnetic wave receiving nipple B6, the second sound emitting and sensing nipple B2 is connected to the first electromagnetic wave receiving nipple B4 through a second front end connection mechanism B3, the first electromagnetic wave receiving nipple B4 is connected to the second electromagnetic wave receiving nipple B6 through an intermediate connection mechanism B5, and a second tail end connection mechanism B7 is connected to a tail of the second electromagnetic wave receiving nipple B6;
and the first electromagnetic wave receiving short section B4 and the second electromagnetic wave receiving short section B6 of the receiving sensor B are used for acquiring electromagnetic wave source signals which are transmitted through the coal rock body after being transmitted by the electromagnetic wave transmitting short section A4 of the transmitting sensor A, and the geological perspective of the heading face is realized by calculating, analyzing and inverting the electromagnetic wave source signals.
Second front end coupling mechanism B3 includes the third casing B10 of detachable connection between second sound transmission sensing nipple joint B2 and first electromagnetic wave receiving nipple joint B4, a third aviation plug B12, two are installed respectively to the both ends of third casing B10 third aviation plug B12 respectively with second sound transmission sensing nipple joint B2 and first electromagnetic wave receiving nipple joint B4 are connected, two connect through third shielded cable B11 between the third aviation plug B12.
Middle coupling mechanism B5 includes the fourth casing of detachable connection between first electromagnetic wave receiving nipple joint B4 and second electromagnetic wave receiving nipple joint B6, a fourth aviation plug is installed respectively, two at the both ends of fourth casing the fourth aviation plug respectively with first electromagnetic wave receiving nipple joint B4 and second electromagnetic wave receiving nipple joint B6 are connected, two connect through fourth shielded cable between the fourth aviation plug.
The second tail end connecting mechanism B7 comprises a fifth shell, a fifth aviation plug connected with the second electromagnetic wave receiving short section B6 is arranged in the fifth shell, and the fifth aviation plug is connected with a signal transmission cable through a fifth shielding cable.
And the third shell B10 is in threaded connection with the second sound emission sensing nipple B2 and the first electromagnetic wave receiving nipple B4, the fourth shell is in threaded connection with the first electromagnetic wave receiving nipple B4 and the second electromagnetic wave receiving nipple B6, and the fifth shell is in threaded connection with the second electromagnetic wave receiving nipple B6.
The lengths of the first front end connecting mechanism A3, the first tail end connecting mechanism A5, the second front end connecting mechanism B3, the middle connecting mechanism B5 and the second tail end connecting mechanism B7 are matched according to the length increase or shortening of the connecting shell of the actual thickness of the coal seam on site. And the signal cable assembled by each sensing short section is connected with the aviation plug connected with the end of the shell, so that the transmission of signals from inside to outside of the hole is realized.
A first front-end anti-retreat card A1 is fixedly mounted at the front end of the first acoustic emission sensing short section A2, and a first tail-end anti-retreat card A6 is fixedly mounted at the tail part of the first tail-end connecting mechanism A5; the front end of the second acoustic emission sensing nipple B2 is fixedly provided with a second front end anti-return clamp B1, and the tail of the second tail end connecting mechanism B7 is fixedly provided with a second tail end anti-return clamp B8.
In addition, the invention discloses a digging following monitoring method for monitoring the electromagnetic wave geological perspective and the acoustic emission by using the integrated sensor for monitoring the electromagnetic wave geological perspective and the acoustic emission, which comprises the following steps of:
s1: as shown in fig. 3, the transmitting sensor a and the receiving sensor B are installed in the coal formation in an alternating manner of "transmitting sensor a-receiving sensor B-transmitting sensor a-receiving sensor B"; the first acoustic emission sensing nipple A2 and the second acoustic emission sensing nipple B2 are installed on the top plate of the coal seam of the tunneling working face, and the electromagnetic wave emission nipple A4, the first electromagnetic wave receiving nipple B4 and the second electromagnetic wave receiving nipple B6 are uniformly distributed among the top plate and the bottom plate of the coal seam of the tunneling working face.
The specific installation method of the transmitting sensor A and the receiving sensor B comprises the following steps: constructing layer-penetrating drill holes at equal intervals from a bottom plate tunnel below the tunneling working face to the tunneling working face, controlling the hole bottom positions of the drill holes to be outside the tunneling contour line in front of the tunneling head, and installing sensors from the bottom plate tunnel into the drill holes; and fixing the transmitting sensor A and the receiving sensor B in the coal rock layer by utilizing a front end anti-withdrawing clamp and a tail end anti-withdrawing clamp, and fixing the transmitting sensor A and the receiving sensor B in an orifice plugging mode.
S2: acquiring acoustic emission signals inside the coal rock mass through the acoustic emission sensing nipple to realize online continuous monitoring of acoustic emission; electromagnetic wave source signals which are transmitted and broadcast through the coal rock body after being transmitted by the electromagnetic wave transmitting short section A4 of the collecting and transmitting sensor A are collected through the first electromagnetic wave receiving short section B4 and the second electromagnetic wave receiving short section B6 of the receiving sensor B, and geological perspective of the driving face is realized through calculation, analysis and inversion of the electromagnetic wave source signals; therefore, the geological perspective real-time detection and acoustic emission online continuous monitoring and early warning function in the whole process of tunneling of the tunneling working face is realized.
Finally, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. An integrated sensor for electromagnetic wave geological perspective and acoustic emission monitoring is characterized by comprising an emission sensor and a receiving sensor;
the emission sensor comprises a first acoustic emission sensing short section and an electromagnetic wave emission short section, the first acoustic emission sensing short section is connected with the electromagnetic wave emission short section through a first front end connecting mechanism, and the tail of the electromagnetic wave emission short section is connected with a first tail end connecting mechanism;
the receiving sensor comprises a second sound emitting and sensing short section, a first electromagnetic wave receiving short section and a second electromagnetic wave receiving short section, the second sound emitting and sensing short section is connected with the first electromagnetic wave receiving short section through a second front end connecting mechanism, the first electromagnetic wave receiving short section is connected with the second electromagnetic wave receiving short section through an intermediate connecting mechanism, and the tail part of the second electromagnetic wave receiving short section is connected with a second tail end connecting mechanism;
the first electromagnetic wave receiving short section and the second electromagnetic wave receiving short section of the receiving sensor are used for acquiring electromagnetic wave source signals which are transmitted by the coal rock body after being transmitted by the electromagnetic wave transmitting short section of the transmitting sensor, and the geological perspective of the heading face is realized through the calculation, analysis and inversion of the electromagnetic wave source signals;
the transmitting sensors and the receiving sensors are alternately arranged in the coal rock layer; the first acoustic emission sensing nipple and the second acoustic emission sensing nipple are arranged on the top plate of the coal seam of the tunneling working face, and the electromagnetic wave emission nipple, the first electromagnetic wave receiving nipple and the second electromagnetic wave receiving nipple are uniformly distributed between the top plate and the bottom plate of the coal seam of the tunneling working face.
2. The integrated sensor according to claim 1, wherein a first front-end anti-back-off clamp is fixedly mounted at the front end of the first acoustic emission sensing nipple, and a first tail-end anti-back-off clamp is fixedly mounted at the tail of the first tail-end connecting mechanism; the front end fixed mounting of second sound transmission sensing nipple joint has the second front end to prevent moving back the card, second tail end coupling mechanism's afterbody fixed mounting has the second tail end to prevent moving back the card.
3. The integrated sensor according to claim 2, wherein the first front-end connection mechanism comprises a first shell detachably connected between a first acoustic emission sensing short section and an electromagnetic wave emission short section, two ends of the first shell are respectively provided with a first aviation plug, the two first aviation plugs are respectively connected with the first acoustic emission sensing short section and the electromagnetic wave emission short section, and the two first aviation plugs are connected with each other through a first shielding cable; the first tail end connecting mechanism comprises a second shell, a second aviation plug connected with the electromagnetic wave transmitting short section is arranged in the second shell, and the second aviation plug is connected with the signal transmission cable through a second shielding cable.
4. The integrated sensor according to claim 3, wherein the first housing, the first acoustic emission sensing nipple and the electromagnetic wave transmitting nipple, and the second housing and the electromagnetic wave transmitting nipple are connected through threads.
5. The integrated sensor according to claim 2, wherein the second front-end connection mechanism comprises a third shell detachably connected between the second sound emission sensing nipple and the first electromagnetic wave receiving nipple, two third aviation plugs are respectively installed at two ends of the third shell, the two third aviation plugs are respectively connected with the second sound emission sensing nipple and the first electromagnetic wave receiving nipple, and the two third aviation plugs are connected through a third shielding cable;
the middle connecting mechanism comprises a fourth shell which is detachably connected between the first electromagnetic wave receiving short section and the second electromagnetic wave receiving short section, wherein a fourth aviation plug is respectively installed at two ends of the fourth shell, the two fourth aviation plugs are respectively connected with the first electromagnetic wave receiving short section and the second electromagnetic wave receiving short section, and the two fourth aviation plugs are connected through a fourth shielding cable;
the second tail end connecting mechanism comprises a fifth shell, a fifth aviation plug connected with the second electromagnetic wave receiving short section is arranged in the fifth shell, and the fifth aviation plug is connected with the signal transmission cable through a fifth shielding cable.
6. The integrated sensor according to claim 5, wherein the third housing is in threaded connection with the second acoustic wave transmitting and sensing nipple and the first electromagnetic wave receiving nipple, the fourth housing is in threaded connection with the first electromagnetic wave receiving nipple and the second electromagnetic wave receiving nipple, and the fifth housing is in threaded connection with the second electromagnetic wave receiving nipple.
7. A digging-following monitoring method for monitoring the electromagnetic wave geological perspective and the acoustic emission by using the integrated sensor for monitoring the electromagnetic wave geological perspective and the acoustic emission as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the following steps:
s1: alternately installing the transmitting sensors and the receiving sensors in the coal rock layer; the first acoustic emission sensing short section and the second acoustic emission sensing short section are arranged on the top plate of the coal seam of the tunneling working face, and the electromagnetic wave emission short section, the first electromagnetic wave receiving short section and the second electromagnetic wave receiving short section are uniformly distributed among the top plate of the coal seam of the tunneling working face;
s2: the acoustic emission sensor nipple is used for collecting acoustic emission signals inside a coal rock mass to realize the on-line continuous monitoring of acoustic emission; and electromagnetic wave source signals which are transmitted by the coal rock body after being transmitted by the electromagnetic wave transmitting short section of the collecting and transmitting sensor are calculated, analyzed and inverted through the electromagnetic wave source signals so as to realize geological perspective of the heading face.
8. The excavation monitoring method of claim 7, wherein the specific installation method of the transmitting sensor and the receiving sensor is as follows: and constructing layer-penetrating drill holes from a bottom plate roadway below the tunneling working face to the tunneling working face at equal intervals, controlling the hole bottom positions of the drill holes to be outside the tunneling contour line in front of the tunneling head, and installing sensors from the bottom plate roadway into the drill holes.
9. The tunneling monitoring method according to claim 7, wherein the transmitting sensor and the receiving sensor are fixed in the coal seam by a front anti-back clamp and a rear anti-back clamp, and the transmitting sensor and the receiving sensor are fixed in a hole blocking mode.
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