CN114542186B - Deep roadway support health monitoring method based on active and passive seismic electromagnetic fields - Google Patents
Deep roadway support health monitoring method based on active and passive seismic electromagnetic fields Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a deep roadway support health monitoring method based on active and passive earthquake electromagnetic fields, which is characterized in that an active and passive earthquake monitoring system, an active and passive potential monitoring system and an active and passive electromagnetic monitoring system are arranged in a roadway, the roadway support is subjected to health monitoring through active and passive earthquake wave data, active and passive potential data and active and passive electromagnetic data respectively, an acoustic emission probe, an electric field probe, a measurement common ground electrode and an electromagnetic radiation probe are used as three passive field monitoring of earthquake-electricity-magnetism, and a wave detector, an elastic wave excitation source, an excitation direct current source, a power supply electrode B, the electric field probe, the measurement common ground electrode and a transient electromagnetic detector are used as three active field monitoring of earthquake-electricity-magnetism; when monitoring, three kinds of passive field monitoring are started, when the data of any one kind of passive field monitoring reaches a set index, the control center starts the active field monitoring corresponding to the passive field, and if the active field monitoring also reaches the set index, the control center controls the audible and visual alarm to give an early warning.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a deep roadway support health monitoring method, in particular to a deep roadway support health monitoring method based on active and passive seismic electromagnetic fields.
Background
In recent decades, china has achieved significant achievements in the fields of urban rail transit, tunnels, underground hydropower stations, deep mines, oil and gas storage and other underground engineering and rapidly extends to the deep part. The supporting problem of deep underground engineering requires that the supporting structure realizes the coordinated deformation with the anchoring rock mass under the complex high stress state, and maintains the long-term stability of balance. The monitoring and early warning technology is used as an important link for controlling the stability of the surrounding rock, and plays a role in active feedback and decision support for the support design of the underground engineering structure and disaster early warning. The important premise of safe service of the deep underground engineering support system is to consider the mechanical time-varying characteristic of the support system and realize health monitoring.
At present, the stress states of the anchor rods and the anchor cables can be intuitively known by methods such as roof separation monitoring or anchor rod and anchor cable stress monitoring based on mechanical properties, but the problems of insufficient accuracy and early warning lag exist, and real-time accurate health monitoring and early warning cannot be realized. Therefore, how to provide a method can accurately capture the damage precursor information of the roadway support, thereby realizing real-time accurate health monitoring and early warning of the roadway support, and is one of the research directions in the industry.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a deep roadway support health monitoring method based on three fields of active and passive earthquake electromagnetism, which can accurately capture the premonition information of roadway support damage, thereby realizing real-time and accurate health monitoring and early warning of roadway support.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a deep roadway support health monitoring method based on active and passive seismic electromagnetic fields comprises the following specific steps:
respectively arranging an active and passive earthquake monitoring system, an active and passive potential monitoring system, an active and passive electromagnetic monitoring system and a control center in a roadway to be monitored, wherein the active and passive earthquake monitoring system comprises an acoustic emission probe, a wave detector and an elastic wave excitation source, the acoustic emission probe is used for receiving stress wave signals generated inside the roadway coal rock body, the elastic wave excitation source is used for exciting elastic waves, and the wave detector is used for receiving elastic wave signals transmitted through the roadway coal rock body; the active and passive potential monitoring system comprises an excitation direct current source, a power supply electrode B, an electric field probe and a measurement common ground electrode, wherein the electric field probe and the measurement common ground electrode are used for monitoring the natural potential of the coal and rock mass of the roadway; the active and passive electromagnetic monitoring system comprises an electromagnetic radiation probe and a transient electromagnetic detector, wherein the electromagnetic radiation probe is used for monitoring electromagnetic radiation of the roadway coal and rock mass, and the transient electromagnetic detector is used for exciting a transient electromagnetic field to the roadway coal and rock mass and monitoring the resistivity value of the roadway coal and rock mass;
the control center is used for respectively receiving data fed back by the acoustic emission probe, the electric field probe, the measurement public ground electrode and the electromagnetic radiation probe, respectively controlling the opening of the elastic wave excitation source, the excitation direct current source, the power supply electrode B and the transient electromagnetic detector after analysis and processing, respectively receiving data fed back by the wave detector, the electric field probe, the measurement public ground electrode and the transient electromagnetic detector, analyzing and processing the data, and controlling the audible and visual alarm to give an audible and visual alarm according to the processing condition;
secondly, performing health monitoring by adopting an active passive earthquake monitoring system through stress waves generated by roadway support damage and breakage and elastic wave attribute differences caused by propagation medium changes, wherein an acoustic emission probe feeds back monitoring data of a control center in real time to serve as a passive field, the control center performs analysis processing, if the monitoring data of the passive field does not reach a set index, the acoustic emission probe continues to perform monitoring and data feedback, if the monitoring data of the passive field reaches the set index, the control center controls an elastic wave excitation source to be started, the monitoring data fed back to the control center through a detector serves as an active field, the control center performs primary analysis processing, if the monitoring data of the active field does not reach the set index, the control center closes the elastic wave excitation source, and continues to receive the monitoring data of the passive field for analysis processing; if the monitoring data of the active field reaches the set index, the control center controls the audible and visual alarm to give audible and visual alarm;
thirdly, performing health monitoring by adopting an active and passive potential monitoring system through characterization of an induced electric field and a natural electric field caused by charge distribution change generated by lattice slippage of a supporting material and a surrounding rock medium, wherein an electric field probe and a measurement common ground electrode feed back to a control center in real time to serve as a passive field, the control center performs analysis processing, if the monitoring data of the passive field does not reach a set index, the electric field probe and the measurement common ground electrode continue to perform monitoring and feedback data, if the monitoring data of the passive field reaches the set index, the control center controls an excitation direct current source and a power supply electrode B to be started, and the monitoring data fed back to the control center through the electric field probe and the measurement common ground electrode serve as an active field, the control center performs primary analysis processing, if the monitoring data of the active field does not reach the set index, the control center closes the excitation direct current source and the power supply electrode B, and continues to receive the monitoring data of the passive field for analysis processing; if the monitoring data of the active field reaches the set index, the control center controls the audible and visual alarm to give audible and visual alarm;
performing health monitoring by adopting an active and passive electromagnetic monitoring system through the representation of electromagnetic radiation and an induced electromagnetic field caused by the distribution change of charges generated by the lattice slippage of a supporting material and a surrounding rock medium, wherein an electromagnetic radiation probe feeds back monitoring data of a control center in real time to serve as a passive field, the control center performs analysis processing, if the monitoring data of the passive field does not reach a set index, the electromagnetic radiation probe continues to perform monitoring and data feedback, if the monitoring data of the passive field reaches the set index, the control center controls a transient electromagnetic detector to start, feeds back the monitoring data of the control center to serve as an active field through the transient electromagnetic detector, the control center performs primary analysis processing, and if the monitoring data of the active field does not reach the set index, the control center closes the transient electromagnetic detector and continues to receive the monitoring data of the passive field for analysis processing; if the monitoring data of the active field reaches the set index, the control center controls the audible and visual alarm to give audible and visual alarm.
Further, the second step specifically comprises:
(1) Active passive seismic wavefield background detection
(1) An acoustic emission probe is adopted to carry out acoustic emission background detection, and a monitoring threshold value f and the number of events are set to be m according to the average amplitude of an acoustic emission signal within the cutting time length of the coal mining machine;
(2) performing active excitation elastic wave response background detection, exciting an elastic wave signal by an elastic wave excitation source, and calculating the propagation speed v = X/t of the elastic wave according to the distance X and arrival time t between the elastic wave excitation source and the detector, wherein the peak value is A max ；
(2) Passive field monitoring
(1) In the real-time monitoring by adopting the acoustic emission probe, the amplitude f of the acoustic emission signal monitored in real time s > 1.2f, i.e. considerIs a primary acoustic emission event caused by support damage;
(2) recording the number of the actual acoustic emission events within the time length of cutting one cut coal of the coal mining machine on the stope face as m s ；
(3) If m s When the distance is more than 1.2m, the control center starts an elastic wave excitation source to enter an active field for monitoring; if m is s When the distance is less than or equal to 1.2m, the acoustic emission probe continues to monitor, and the steps (1) to (3) are repeated;
(3) Active field monitoring
(1) When the real-time active monitoring is triggered, the elastic wave excitation source is excited for n times at equal intervals within the cutting time length of the coal mining machine on the stope face, and the wave detector receives the elastic wave signals for n times in real time and feeds the elastic wave signals back to the control center for calculation;
(2) when the velocity v of the received elastic wave is calculated each time s < 0.8v, and a peak value A s ＜0.8A max If yes, marking as suspected damage for 1 time;
(3) if the suspected damage times of the coal mining machine within the cutting time length is more than 0.5n, the control center controls the audible and visual alarm to give audible and visual alarm, otherwise, the elastic wave excitation source is closed to continue the passive field monitoring.
Further, the third step specifically comprises:
(1) Active and passive electric field background detection
(1) Adopting an electric field probe and a measuring common ground electrode to carry out passive field natural potential background detection, taking the measuring common ground electrode as a reference electrode, determining the potential difference between the electric field probe and the measuring common electrode as a natural potential, and calculating the average value E of L natural potentials within the time length of one cutting knife of the coal mining machine n Maximum and minimum values are respectively E nmax And E nmin ；
(2) Performing active DC electric field background detection, starting exciting DC source and power supply electrode B, monitoring electric field data by electric field probe and common ground electrode, and calculating apparent resistivity value of exciting electric field as R e ；
(2) Passive field monitoring
(1) Passive electric field probe and common ground electrode measurementThe field natural potential is monitored in real time, and the average value E of the actual natural potential is obtained when the coal mining machine cuts a cut l ＞1.2E n Or E l ＜0.8E n When the support is damaged, the natural potential is considered to be abnormal;
(2) the electric field probe and the common ground electrode are used for monitoring the natural potential of the passive field in real time, and the average value E of the actual natural potential in the time length of one cutting cut of the coal mining machine l ＞1.2E nmax Or E l ＜0.8E nmin When the number of the (B) is more than L/2; namely, the natural potential abnormality caused by support damage;
(3) when the (1) and the (2) are met simultaneously, the control center starts an exciting direct current source and a power supply electrode B to enter active field monitoring, otherwise, an electric field probe and a measurement public ground electrode continue monitoring, and the steps (1) to (3) are repeated;
(3) Active field monitoring
(1) When the real-time active monitoring is triggered, the direct current source and the power supply electrode B are excited at equal intervals for n times within the cutting time length of the coal mining machine, and the electric field probe and the measurement common ground electrode receive electric field signals for n times in real time and feed back the electric field signals to the control center for calculation;
(2) a resistivity value R calculated by each monitoring data se ＜0.8R e Or R s ＞1.2R e If yes, marking as suspected damage for 1 time;
(3) if the suspected damage times within the time length of one cutting knife of the coal mining machine is more than 0.5n, the control center controls the audible and visual alarm to carry out audible and visual alarm, and if not, the exciting direct current source is closed to continue passive field monitoring.
Further, the fourth step is specifically:
(1) Active and passive electromagnetic field background detection
(1) Adopting an electromagnetic radiation probe to carry out passive field electromagnetic radiation background detection, and calculating the average value of the intensity of K electromagnetic radiation pulses within the cutting time length of the coal mining machine as E r Maximum and minimum values are respectively E rmax And E rmin ；
(2) Performing active field transient electromagnetic induction background detection, and monitoring by transient electromagnetic detectorSensing the data of the induced electromagnetic field, and calculating the apparent resistivity value of the induced electromagnetic field as R t ；
(2) Passive field monitoring
(1) When the electromagnetic radiation probe is adopted to monitor the passive electromagnetic radiation in real time, the average value E of the actual electromagnetic radiation intensity in the cutting time of the coal mining machine k If the electromagnetic radiation field is more than 1.2E, the electromagnetic radiation field is considered to be abnormal due to support damage;
(2) when the electromagnetic radiation probe is adopted to carry out the real-time monitoring of the passive electromagnetic radiation, the actual electromagnetic radiation intensity value E is obtained within the time length of cutting a shearer k ＞E rmax When the number of the pulses is more than K/2, the electromagnetic radiation field is considered to be abnormal due to support damage;
(3) when the (1) and the (2) are simultaneously met, the control center starts the transient electromagnetic detector to enter the active field monitoring, otherwise, the electromagnetic radiation probe continues to monitor, and the steps (1) to (3) are repeated;
(3) Active field monitoring
(1) When the active transient electromagnetic field monitoring is triggered, the coal mining machine is excited for n times at equal intervals within the cutting time length, and the transient electromagnetic detection instrument receives transient electromagnetic field signals for n times in real time and feeds the signals back to the control center for calculation;
(2) the resistivity value R calculated by each monitoring data st ＜0.8R t Or R st ＞1.2R t If yes, marking as suspected damage for 1 time;
(4) if the suspected damage times of the coal mining machine within the cutting time length is more than 0.5n, the control center controls the audible and visual alarm to give audible and visual alarm, otherwise, the transient electromagnetic detector is turned off to continue the passive field monitoring.
Compared with the prior art, the active and passive earthquake monitoring system, the active and passive potential monitoring system and the active and passive electromagnetic monitoring system are distributed in the roadway, the roadway support is subjected to health monitoring through active and passive earthquake wave data, active and passive potentials and active and passive electromagnetic data, the acoustic emission probe, the electric field probe, the measurement common ground electrode and the electromagnetic radiation probe are used for monitoring three passive fields of earthquake-electricity-magnetism, and the wave detector, the elastic wave excitation source, the excitation direct current source, the power supply electrode B, the electric field probe, the measurement common ground electrode and the transient electromagnetic detector are used for monitoring three active fields of earthquake-electricity-magnetism; when monitoring, three passive field monitoring are started, when the data of any one passive field monitoring reaches a set index, the control center starts the active field monitoring corresponding to the passive field, other active field monitoring is not started, and if the active field monitoring also reaches the set index, the control center controls the audible and visual alarm to give an early warning; the passive field is used as a long-term monitoring means, the passive field is mainly used for monitoring data fed back from the interior of the roadway support, and active excitation is not needed, so that the energy consumed by monitoring equipment can be effectively saved, then when any passive field reaches a set index, the corresponding active field can be started in time for monitoring, and when the passive field reaches the set index, sound and light alarm is carried out, and the roadway support can be effectively ensured to be accurately monitored and early warned healthily by means of active and passive double determination; and three different active and passive fields (namely, vibration-electricity-magnetism) are used for monitoring, deformation of the roadway support can be monitored and early-warned from different angles, and finally early warning of roadway support damage precursor information is accurately captured, so that real-time and accurate health monitoring and early warning of the roadway support are realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the health monitoring principle of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the main passive seismoelectric electromagnetic three-field monitoring in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further explained below.
As shown in fig. 1, the method comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, as shown in fig. 2, respectively arranging an active and passive earthquake monitoring system, an active and passive electric potential monitoring system, an active and passive electromagnetic monitoring system and a control center (namely, a central computer) in a roadway to be monitored, wherein the active and passive earthquake monitoring system comprises an acoustic emission probe, a wave detector and an elastic wave excitation source, the acoustic emission probe is used for receiving stress wave signals generated in the roadway coal rock body, the elastic wave excitation source is used for exciting elastic waves, and the wave detector is used for receiving elastic wave signals transmitted through the roadway coal rock body; the active and passive potential monitoring system comprises an excitation direct current source, a power supply electrode B, an electric field probe and a measurement common ground electrode, wherein the electric field probe and the measurement common ground electrode are used for monitoring the natural potential of the coal and rock mass of the roadway; the active and passive electromagnetic monitoring system comprises an electromagnetic radiation probe and a transient electromagnetic detector, wherein the electromagnetic radiation probe is used for monitoring electromagnetic radiation of the roadway coal rock mass, and the transient electromagnetic detector is used for exciting a transient electromagnetic field to the roadway coal rock mass and monitoring the resistivity value of the transient electromagnetic field;
the control center is used for respectively receiving data fed back by the acoustic emission probe, the electric field probe, the measurement public ground electrode and the electromagnetic radiation probe, respectively controlling the opening of the elastic wave excitation source, the excitation direct current source, the power supply electrode B and the transient electromagnetic detector after analysis processing, respectively receiving data fed back by the wave detector, the electric field probe, the measurement public ground electrode and the transient electromagnetic detector, analyzing and processing the data, and controlling the audible and visual alarm to perform audible and visual alarm according to the processing condition;
secondly, performing health monitoring by adopting an active passive earthquake monitoring system through stress waves generated by roadway support damage and breakage and elastic wave attribute differences caused by propagation medium changes, wherein an acoustic emission probe feeds back monitoring data of a control center in real time to serve as a passive field, the control center performs analysis processing, if the monitoring data of the passive field does not reach a set index, the acoustic emission probe continues to perform monitoring and data feedback, if the monitoring data of the passive field reaches the set index, the control center controls an elastic wave excitation source to be started, the monitoring data fed back to the control center through a detector serves as an active field, the control center performs primary analysis processing, if the monitoring data of the active field does not reach the set index, the control center closes the elastic wave excitation source, and continues to receive the monitoring data of the passive field for analysis processing; if the monitoring data of the active field reaches the set index, the control center controls the audible and visual alarm to perform audible and visual alarm, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Active passive seismic wavefield background detection
(1) An acoustic emission probe is adopted to carry out acoustic emission background detection, and a monitoring threshold value f and the number of events are set to be m according to the average amplitude of an acoustic emission signal within the cutting time length of the coal mining machine;
(2) performing active excitation elastic wave response background detection, exciting an elastic wave signal by an elastic wave excitation source, and calculating the propagation velocity v = X/t of the elastic wave according to the distance X between the elastic wave excitation source and the detector and the arrival time t, wherein the peak value is A max ；
(2) Passive field monitoring
(1) In the real-time monitoring by adopting the acoustic emission probe, the amplitude f of the acoustic emission signal monitored in real time s If the acoustic emission is more than 1.2f, the acoustic emission is considered to be a primary acoustic emission event caused by support damage;
(2) recording the number of the actual acoustic emission events within the time length of cutting one cut coal of the coal mining machine on the stope face as m s ；
(3) If m is s When the distance is more than 1.2m, the control center starts an elastic wave excitation source to enter an active field for monitoring; if m is s When the distance is less than or equal to 1.2m, the acoustic emission probe continues to monitor, and the steps (1) to (3) are repeated;
(3) Active field monitoring
(1) When the real-time active monitoring is triggered, the elastic wave excitation source is excited for n times at equal intervals within the cutting time length of the coal mining machine on the stope face, and the wave detector receives the elastic wave signals for n times in real time and feeds the elastic wave signals back to the control center for calculation;
(2) when the velocity v of the received elastic wave is calculated every time s < 0.8v, and a peak value A s ＜0.8A max If yes, marking as suspected damage for 1 time;
(3) if the suspected damage times of the coal mining machine within the cutting time length is more than 0.5n, the control center controls the audible and visual alarm to give audible and visual alarm, otherwise, the elastic wave excitation source is closed to continue the passive field monitoring.
Thirdly, performing health monitoring by adopting an active and passive potential monitoring system through characterization of an induced electric field and a natural electric field caused by charge distribution change generated by lattice slippage of a supporting material and a surrounding rock medium, wherein an electric field probe and a measurement common ground electrode feed back to a control center in real time to serve as a passive field, the control center performs analysis processing, if the monitoring data of the passive field does not reach a set index, the electric field probe and the measurement common ground electrode continue to perform monitoring and feedback data, if the monitoring data of the passive field reaches the set index, the control center controls an excitation direct current source and a power supply electrode B to be started, and the monitoring data fed back to the control center through the electric field probe and the measurement common ground electrode serve as an active field, the control center performs primary analysis processing, if the monitoring data of the active field does not reach the set index, the control center closes the excitation direct current source and the power supply electrode B, and continues to receive the monitoring data of the passive field for analysis processing; if the monitoring data of the active field reaches the set index, the control center controls the audible and visual alarm to give audible and visual alarm, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Active and passive electric field background detection
(1) Adopting an electric field probe and a measuring common ground electrode to carry out passive field natural potential background detection, taking the measuring common ground electrode as a reference electrode, determining the potential difference between the electric field probe and the measuring common electrode as a natural potential, and calculating the average value E of L natural potentials within the time length of one cutting knife of the coal mining machine n Maximum and minimum values are respectively E nmax And E nmin ；
(2) Performing active DC electric field background detection, starting exciting DC source and power supply electrode B, monitoring electric field data by electric field probe and common ground electrode, and calculating apparent resistivity value of exciting electric field as R e ；
(2) Passive field monitoring
(1) The electric field probe and the common ground electrode are used for monitoring the natural potential of the passive field in real time, and the average value E of the actual natural potential in the time length of one cutting knife of the coal mining machine l ＞1.2E n Or E l ＜0.8E n When the support is damaged, the natural potential is considered to be abnormal;
(2) electric field probe and measuring common ground electrode for passive fieldThe natural potential is monitored in real time, and the average value E of the actual natural potential is obtained when the coal mining machine cuts for a time l ＞1.2E nmax Or E l ＜0.8E nmin When the number of the (B) is more than L/2; namely, the natural potential abnormality caused by support damage is considered;
(3) when the (1) and the (2) are simultaneously met, starting the exciting direct current source and the power supply electrode B by the control center to enter active field monitoring, otherwise, continuously monitoring the electric field probe and the measurement common ground electrode, and repeating the steps (1) to (3);
(3) Active field monitoring
(1) When the real-time active monitoring is triggered, the direct current source and the power supply electrode B are excited at equal intervals for n times within the time length of one cutting knife of the coal mining machine, and the electric field probe and the measurement common ground electrode receive electric field signals for n times in real time and feed back the electric field signals to the control center for calculation;
(2) a resistivity value R calculated by each monitoring data se ＜0.8R e Or R s ＞1.2R e If yes, marking as suspected damage for 1 time;
(3) if the suspected damage times of the coal mining machine within the cutting time length is more than 0.5n, the control center controls the audible and visual alarm to give audible and visual alarm, otherwise, the exciting direct current source is closed to continue the passive field monitoring.
Performing health monitoring by adopting an active and passive electromagnetic monitoring system through the representation of electromagnetic radiation and an induced electromagnetic field caused by the distribution change of charges generated by the lattice slippage of a supporting material and a surrounding rock medium, wherein an electromagnetic radiation probe feeds back monitoring data of a control center in real time to serve as a passive field, the control center performs analysis processing, if the monitoring data of the passive field does not reach a set index, the electromagnetic radiation probe continues to perform monitoring and data feedback, if the monitoring data of the passive field reaches the set index, the control center controls a transient electromagnetic detector to start, feeds back the monitoring data of the control center to serve as an active field through the transient electromagnetic detector, the control center performs primary analysis processing, and if the monitoring data of the active field does not reach the set index, the control center closes the transient electromagnetic detector and continues to receive the monitoring data of the passive field for analysis processing; if the monitoring data of the active field reaches the set index, the control center controls the audible and visual alarm to perform audible and visual alarm, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Active and passive electromagnetic field background detection
(1) Adopting an electromagnetic radiation probe to carry out passive field electromagnetic radiation background detection, and calculating the average value of the intensity of K electromagnetic radiation pulses within the cutting time length of the coal mining machine as E r Maximum and minimum values are respectively E rmax And E rmin ；
(2) Performing active field transient electromagnetic induction background detection, monitoring the data of the induced electromagnetic field by a transient electromagnetic detector, and further calculating the apparent resistivity value of the induced electromagnetic field as R t ；
(2) Passive field monitoring
(1) When the electromagnetic radiation probe is adopted to monitor the passive electromagnetic radiation in real time, the average value E of the actual electromagnetic radiation intensity in the cutting time of the coal mining machine k If the electromagnetic radiation field is more than 1.2E, the electromagnetic radiation field is considered to be abnormal due to support damage;
(2) when the electromagnetic radiation probe is adopted to carry out the real-time monitoring of the passive electromagnetic radiation, the actual electromagnetic radiation intensity value E is obtained within the time length of cutting one cut by the coal mining machine k ＞E rmax When the number of the pulses is more than K/2, the electromagnetic radiation field is considered to be abnormal due to support damage;
(3) when the (1) and the (2) are simultaneously met, the control center starts the transient electromagnetic detector to enter the active field monitoring, otherwise, the electromagnetic radiation probe continues to monitor, and the steps (1) to (3) are repeated;
(3) Active field monitoring
(1) When active transient electromagnetic field monitoring is triggered, the coal mining machine is excited for n times at equal intervals within the time length of a cutting knife, and the transient electromagnetic detector receives transient electromagnetic field signals for n times in real time and feeds the signals back to the control center for calculation;
(2) a resistivity value R calculated by each monitoring data st ＜0.8R t Or R st ＞1.2R t If yes, marking as suspected damage for 1 time;
(4) if the suspected damage times of the coal mining machine within the cutting time length is more than 0.5n, the control center controls the audible and visual alarm to give audible and visual alarm, otherwise, the transient electromagnetic detector is turned off to continue the passive field monitoring.
The control center, the acoustic emission probe, the wave detector, the elastic wave excitation source, the excitation direct current source, the power supply electrode B, the electric field probe, the measurement public ground electrode, the electromagnetic radiation probe and the transient electromagnetic detector are all existing equipment or devices and can be directly purchased and obtained through the market.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention, and such modifications and adaptations are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A deep roadway support health monitoring method based on active and passive seismic electromagnetic fields is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
respectively arranging an active and passive earthquake monitoring system, an active and passive potential monitoring system, an active and passive electromagnetic monitoring system and a control center in a roadway to be monitored, wherein the active and passive earthquake monitoring system comprises an acoustic emission probe, a wave detector and an elastic wave excitation source, the acoustic emission probe is used for receiving stress wave signals generated inside the roadway coal rock body, the elastic wave excitation source is used for exciting elastic waves, and the wave detector is used for receiving elastic wave signals transmitted through the roadway coal rock body; the active and passive potential monitoring system comprises an exciting direct current source, a power supply electrode B, an electric field probe and a measuring common ground electrode, wherein the electric field probe and the measuring common ground electrode are used for monitoring the natural potential of the coal and rock mass of the roadway, the exciting direct current source and the power supply electrode B are used for generating an exciting electric field, and when the exciting direct current source is started, the electric field probe and the measuring common ground electrode are used for measuring a response electric field signal of the coal and rock mass; the active and passive electromagnetic monitoring system comprises an electromagnetic radiation probe and a transient electromagnetic detector, the electromagnetic radiation probe is used for monitoring electromagnetic radiation of the roadway coal rock mass, and the transient electromagnetic detector is used for exciting a transient electromagnetic field to the roadway coal rock mass and monitoring the resistivity value of the roadway coal rock mass;
the control center is used for respectively receiving data fed back by the acoustic emission probe, the electric field probe, the measurement public ground electrode and the electromagnetic radiation probe, respectively controlling the opening of the elastic wave excitation source, the excitation direct current source, the power supply electrode B and the transient electromagnetic detector after analysis and processing, respectively receiving data fed back by the wave detector, the electric field probe, the measurement public ground electrode and the transient electromagnetic detector, analyzing and processing the data, and controlling the audible and visual alarm to give an audible and visual alarm according to the processing condition;
secondly, performing health monitoring by adopting an active passive earthquake monitoring system through stress waves generated by roadway support damage and fracture and elastic wave attribute differences caused by propagation medium changes, wherein an acoustic emission probe feeds back monitoring data generated by a control center in real time to serve as a passive field, the control center performs analysis processing, if the monitoring data of the passive field does not reach a set index, the acoustic emission probe continues to perform monitoring and data feedback, if the monitoring data of the passive field reaches the set index, the control center controls an elastic wave excitation source to start, feeds back the monitoring data to the control center through a detector to serve as an active field, the control center performs primary analysis processing, and if the monitoring data of the active field does not reach the set index, the control center closes the elastic wave excitation source and continues to receive the monitoring data of the passive field for analysis processing; if the monitoring data of the active field reaches a set index, the control center controls the audible and visual alarm to perform audible and visual alarm;
thirdly, an active and passive potential monitoring system is adopted to carry out health monitoring on the representation of an induced electric field and a natural electric field caused by the change of charge distribution generated by the lattice slippage of the supporting material and the surrounding rock medium, wherein an electric field probe and a measurement common ground electrode feed back to the monitoring data of a control center in real time to serve as a passive field, the control center carries out analysis processing, if the monitoring data of the passive field does not reach a set index, the electric field probe and the measurement common ground electrode continue to carry out monitoring and feedback data, if the monitoring data of the passive field reaches the set index, the control center controls an excitation direct current source and a power supply electrode B to be started, and feeds back the monitoring data of the control center through the electric field probe and the measurement common ground electrode to serve as an active field, the control center carries out analysis processing for one time, if the monitoring data of the active field does not reach the set index, the control center closes the excitation direct current source and the power supply electrode B, and continues to receive the monitoring data of the passive field for analysis processing; if the monitoring data of the active field reaches the set index, the control center controls the audible and visual alarm to give audible and visual alarm;
performing health monitoring by adopting an active and passive electromagnetic monitoring system through the representation of electromagnetic radiation and an induced electromagnetic field caused by the distribution change of charges generated by the lattice slippage of a supporting material and a surrounding rock medium, wherein an electromagnetic radiation probe feeds back monitoring data of a control center in real time to serve as a passive field, the control center performs analysis processing, if the monitoring data of the passive field does not reach a set index, the electromagnetic radiation probe continues to perform monitoring and data feedback, if the monitoring data of the passive field reaches the set index, the control center controls a transient electromagnetic detector to start, feeds back the monitoring data of the control center to serve as an active field through the transient electromagnetic detector, the control center performs primary analysis processing, and if the monitoring data of the active field does not reach the set index, the control center closes the transient electromagnetic detector and continues to receive the monitoring data of the passive field for analysis processing; if the monitoring data of the active field reaches the set index, the control center controls the audible and visual alarm to give audible and visual alarm.
2. The deep roadway support health monitoring method based on the active and passive seismic electromagnetic three fields according to claim 1, wherein the second step specifically comprises:
(1) Active and passive seismic wavefield background detection
(1) An acoustic emission probe is adopted to carry out acoustic emission background detection, and a monitoring threshold value is set according to the average amplitude of the acoustic emission signal within the cutting-cut time length of the coal mining machinefAnd the number of events ism；
(2) Performing active excitation elastic wave response background detection, exciting elastic wave signal by elastic wave excitation source, and detecting according to the distance between the elastic wave excitation source and detectorXAnd then totCan calculate the propagation velocity of elastic wavesv=X/t，Having a peak value ofA max ；
(2) Passive field monitoring
(1) In the real-time monitoring by adopting the acoustic emission probe, the amplitude of the acoustic emission signal monitored in real timef s ＞1.2fNamely, the acoustic emission event is considered to be caused by support damage;
(2) recording the number of actual acoustic emission events within the time length of cutting one cut coal of the coal mining machine on the stope face, and recording the number asm s ；
(3) If it ism s ＞1.2mWhen the active field monitoring is carried out, the control center starts an elastic wave excitation source to enter the active field monitoring; if it ism s ≤1.2mWhen the acoustic emission probe is used, the acoustic emission probe continues to monitor, and the steps (1) to (3) are repeated;
(3) Active field monitoring
(1) When triggering real-time active monitoring is carried out, the elastic wave excitation sources are excited at equal intervals within the cutting time of the coal mining machine on the stope facenSecond, real-time receivernSecondary elastic wave signals are fed back to the control center for calculation;
(2) when receiving elastic wave velocity calculated each timev s ＜0.8vAnd peak value ofA s ＜0.8A max If yes, marking as suspected damage for 1 time;
(3) if the suspected damage times within the time length of one cutting knife of the coal mining machine is more than 0.5nAnd if not, the control center controls the audible and visual alarm to perform audible and visual alarm, and otherwise, the elastic wave excitation source is closed to continue the passive field monitoring.
3. The deep roadway support health monitoring method based on the active and passive seismic electromagnetic three fields according to claim 1, wherein the third step is specifically:
(1) Active and passive electric field background detection
(1) Adopting an electric field probe and a measuring common ground electrode to carry out passive field natural potential background detection, taking the measuring common ground electrode as a reference electrode, and determining the potential difference between the electric field probe and the measuring common ground electrode as selfThe average value of L natural potentials within the cutting time length of the coal mining machine is calculated asE n Maximum and minimum values are respectivelyE nmax AndE nmin ；
(2) performing active DC electric field background detection, starting exciting DC source and power supply electrode B, monitoring electric field data by electric field probe and common ground electrode, and calculating apparent resistivity value of exciting electric fieldR e ；
(2) Passive field monitoring
(1) The electric field probe and the common ground electrode are used for monitoring the natural potential of the passive field in real time, and the average value of the actual natural potential in the time length of one cutting knife of the coal mining machineE l ＞1.2E n OrE l ＜0.8E n When the electric potential is abnormal, the natural potential is considered to be abnormal due to support damage;
(2) the electric field probe and the common ground electrode are used for monitoring the natural potential of the passive field in real time, and the average value of the actual natural potential in the time length of one cutting knife of the coal mining machineE l ＞1.2E nmax OrE l ＜0.8E nmin Is greater thanL/2When the current is in the normal state; namely, the natural potential abnormality caused by support damage is considered;
(3) when the (1) and the (2) are met simultaneously, the control center starts an exciting direct current source and a power supply electrode B to enter active field monitoring, otherwise, an electric field probe and a measurement public ground electrode continue monitoring, and the steps (1) to (3) are repeated;
(3) Active field monitoring
(1) When the real-time active monitoring is triggered, the direct current source and the power supply electrode B are excited at equal intervals within the time length of one cutting knife of the coal mining machinenThen, the electric field probe and the measurement common ground electrode receive in real timenFeeding back the secondary electric field signal to the control center for calculation;
(2) the resistivity value calculated by each monitoring dataR se ＜0.8R e Or R se ＞1.2R e If yes, marking as suspected damage for 1 time;
(3) if the suspected damage times within the time length of one cutting knife of the coal mining machine is more than 0.5nAnd if not, closing the exciting direct current source to continue the passive field monitoring.
4. The deep roadway support health monitoring method based on the active and passive seismic electromagnetic three fields according to claim 1, wherein the fourth step is specifically:
(1) Active and passive electromagnetic field background detection
(1) Adopting an electromagnetic radiation probe to carry out passive field electromagnetic radiation background detection, and calculating the average value of the intensity of K electromagnetic radiation pulses in the cutting time length of the coal mining machine asE r Maximum and minimum values are respectivelyE rmax AndE rmin ；
(2) performing active field transient electromagnetic induction background detection, monitoring the data of the induced electromagnetic field by a transient electromagnetic detector, and calculating the apparent resistivity value of the induced electromagnetic field asR t ；
(2) Passive field monitoring
(1) When the electromagnetic radiation probe is adopted to carry out passive electromagnetic radiation real-time monitoring, the average value of the actual electromagnetic radiation intensity in the cutting time length of the coal mining machineE k ＞1.2E r Namely, the electromagnetic radiation field is considered to be abnormal due to support damage;
(2) when the electromagnetic radiation probe is adopted to carry out the real-time monitoring of the passive electromagnetic radiation, the actual electromagnetic radiation intensity value is obtained within the time length of cutting one cut by the coal mining machineE k ＞E rmax The number of pulses is more thanK/2When the support is damaged, the electromagnetic radiation field is considered to be abnormal;
(3) when the (1) and the (2) are simultaneously met, the control center starts the transient electromagnetic detector to enter the active field monitoring, otherwise, the electromagnetic radiation probe continues to monitor, and the steps (1) to (3) are repeated;
(3) Active field monitoring
(1) When the active transient electromagnetic field monitoring is triggered, the coal mining machine is excited at equal intervals within the time length of one cutting knifenReal-time reception of secondary, transient electromagnetic detectornFeeding the secondary transient electromagnetic field signal back to the control center for calculation;
(2) the resistivity value calculated by each monitoring dataR st ＜0.8R t OrR st ＞1.2R t If yes, marking as suspected damage for 1 time;
(4) if the suspected damage frequency of the coal mining machine within the cutting time length is more than 0.5nAnd if not, the control center controls the audible and visual alarm to perform audible and visual alarm, and otherwise, the transient electromagnetic detector is closed to continue the passive field monitoring.
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