CN111678229A - Adopt and send vertical fresh air system building of arranging horizontally - Google Patents

Adopt and send vertical fresh air system building of arranging horizontally Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111678229A
CN111678229A CN202010661481.6A CN202010661481A CN111678229A CN 111678229 A CN111678229 A CN 111678229A CN 202010661481 A CN202010661481 A CN 202010661481A CN 111678229 A CN111678229 A CN 111678229A
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China
Prior art keywords
air
building
exhaust
air supply
fresh air
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Inventor
薛世山
吴飞飞
李成伟
韦林林
应小勇
刘帅帅
马骥
王庆伦
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SHANGHAI BOHAN THERMAL ENERGY TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
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SHANGHAI BOHAN THERMAL ENERGY TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
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Priority to CN202010661481.6A priority Critical patent/CN111678229A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
    • F24F5/001—Compression cycle type
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F17/00—Vertical ducts; Channels, e.g. for drainage
    • E04F17/04—Air-ducts or air channels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
    • E04H1/02—Dwelling houses; Buildings for temporary habitation, e.g. summer houses
    • E04H1/04—Apartment houses arranged in two or more levels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F12/00—Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/02—Ducting arrangements
    • F24F13/0227—Ducting arrangements using parts of the building, e.g. air ducts inside the floor, walls or ceiling of a building
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/30—Arrangement or mounting of heat-exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0096—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater combined with domestic apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F24F7/04—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation
    • F24F7/06—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation with forced air circulation, e.g. by fan positioning of a ventilator in or against a conduit
    • F24F7/08—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation with forced air circulation, e.g. by fan positioning of a ventilator in or against a conduit with separate ducts for supplied and exhausted air with provisions for reversal of the input and output systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2221/00—Details or features not otherwise provided for
    • F24F2221/18—Details or features not otherwise provided for combined with domestic apparatus
    • F24F2221/183—Details or features not otherwise provided for combined with domestic apparatus combined with a hot-water boiler

Abstract

The invention relates to a building adopting a horizontal air supply and vertical air exhaust system, which adopts an air isolation structure with a plurality of flat layers in the vertical direction and a plurality of passageways in the horizontal direction. The invention adopts the flat-layer fresh air module, the flat-layer air supply main channel and the air supply sub-channel to horizontally supply fresh air to each functional space unit in each air supply and exhaust module of the flat layer, and communicates the functional space units with the air exhaust vertical shaft for vertical air exhaust, thereby solving the ventilation problems of large-volume and ultra-large-volume buildings, namely the problems of fresh air inlet and foul air exhaust, and realizing the technical aims of increasing the three-dimensional size of the buildings, increasing the volume of the buildings, reducing the specific surface area and improving the volume ratio.

Description

Adopt and send vertical fresh air system building of arranging horizontally
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ventilation in buildings, in particular to a building adopting a horizontal conveying and vertical fresh air exhausting system.
Background
Under the traditional building design specification, the building structural design needs to meet the rigid constraint of natural ventilation lighting indexes.
In order to enable the building to meet the constraint requirement of natural lighting and ventilation, designers must adopt technical measures of multiple discrete buildings, single building thickness reduction, lighting and ventilation structural joints arranged in each building and the like, so that the north-south permeability of the building is realized, the outward window of a kitchen and a toilet is realized, and sufficient natural lighting and ventilation are ensured.
And by adopting the technical measures of multiple separated buildings, the thickness reduction of a single building, the arrangement of a special lighting and ventilating structural joint for each building and the like, the area of the outer vertical surface of each building is inevitably large, the effective building area is small, and the large specific surface area of the building is finally reflected on the index of the specific surface area.
The building group volume ratio is the ratio of the total floor area of the building group to the total floor area, and reflects the space utilization coefficient and the degree of congestion. The specific surface area of a building is the ratio of the total external surface area of the building to the total building area, and is a core index reflecting the energy characteristics and the structural characteristics of the building. The large specific surface area of the building is one of the root causes of large external surface area of the building, large shared external surface area of unit building area of living space, high building energy consumption, high external wall material consumption, complex construction process, low overall volume ratio of building groups and high house price.
A high-price enterprise and a high-energy consumption enterprise of a residential building are two major problems of scaling problems in the real estate industry.
The pushing of the high-rate enterprises is the land price, but the volume rate is the hedging factor of the room price, the low volume rate further raises the room price, and the high volume rate lowers the room price.
The energy consumption of the residential building is high, and is related to the performance of wall heat-insulating materials and the performance of residential energy equipment such as air conditioners, but the volume ratio and the specific surface area of the residential building are also hedging factors, and the volume ratio is high, the specific surface area of the residential building is small, so that the surface area of an outer wall shared by the unit building area of a residential space is small, the exchange strength with environmental energy is low, and the energy consumption of the building is low; on the contrary, the volume fraction is low, the specific surface area of the residential building is large, the external wall surface area shared by the unit building area of the residential space is large, the energy exchange intensity with the environment is high, and the building energy consumption is high.
At present, the volume ratio index of a residential group and the specific surface area index of a residential building are constrained by the traditional planning specifications and building design specifications, and the innovative development of the residential building is restricted. The large-span innovation of the residential building technology and the matching technology is promoted, the constraint of the traditional planning specification and the building design specification is broken through, the volume ratio of a building group is greatly improved, the specific surface area of the building is greatly reduced, and the large-scale residential building are not the second choice for solving the two problems of high house price and high energy consumption of the house which are subject to scaling in the real estate industry.
The specific surface area of the building is reduced, the volume ratio is improved, only one road is provided for increasing the three-dimensional size of the building and increasing the quantity of the building objects, and the key for determining whether the road is on or off is the ventilation problem in the building.
If the ventilation problem of the deep part of the building, namely the problems of fresh air entering and dirty air discharging, can be solved, the ideal target of increasing the three-dimensional scale of the building, increasing the building volume, reducing the specific surface area and improving the volume fraction can be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the ventilation problem of buildings, namely the problems of fresh air entering and dirty air discharging, and achieve the ideal technical goals of increasing the three-dimensional size of the buildings, increasing the building volume, reducing the specific surface area and improving the volume ratio, the invention provides a building adopting a horizontal conveying and vertical air discharging system, which adopts an air isolation structure with a plurality of flat layers in the vertical direction and a plurality of passageways in the horizontal direction, wherein the building comprises a plurality of flat layers, a plurality of air feeding and discharging modules are arranged in the flat layers, the plurality of passageways separate the plurality of air feeding and discharging modules through air, and each air feeding and discharging module comprises at least one functional space unit; the new trend system includes:
the outer wall of each flat layer is provided with at least one total air supply outlet, and the total air supply outlet is provided with a fresh air module;
the air supply main channel is horizontally arranged in each flat layer, and at least one end of the air supply main channel is communicated with the main air supply outlet of the same flat layer;
the air supply sub-channels are horizontally arranged in each flat layer and are respectively communicated with the air supply main channel and the functional space units on the same flat layer;
the air exhaust vertical shafts are vertically arranged in the building respectively, penetrate through the flat layers and are communicated to the outside of the building; and a plurality of air outlets are respectively formed in the air exhaust vertical shaft corresponding to the flat layers and communicated with the functional space units in the air supply and exhaust modules in the corresponding flat layers.
Preferably, each functional space unit is provided with an air supply outlet and an air outlet, the air supply outlet is communicated with the corresponding air supply branch channel, and the air outlet is communicated with the corresponding air outlet.
Preferably, the air supply outlet is arranged on the door head of the functional space unit, and a fan coil device integrating external fresh air and internal circulation is arranged on the air supply outlet; or the like, or, alternatively,
the air supply outlet is arranged on a door leaf or a door frame of the functional space unit.
Preferably, each all be equipped with the return air pipe in the function space unit, set up an exhaust fan or exhaust pipe on the air outlet, the inlet scoop of exhaust fan or exhaust pipe with the return air pipe intercommunication, the air outlet of exhaust fan or exhaust pipe with correspond the air exit intercommunication.
Preferably, the plurality of air supply sub-channels of the same layer are distributed at intervals on two sides of the air supply main channel through the plurality of functional space units.
Preferably, the outer wall of each flat layer is provided with one total air supply outlet, one end of the main air supply channel is closed, and the other end of the main air supply channel is communicated with the total air supply outlet.
Preferably, the outer walls of two opposite sides of each flat layer are respectively provided with one main air supply outlet, and two ends of the main air supply channel are respectively communicated with the two main air supply outlets.
Preferably, the top end of the air exhaust vertical shaft penetrates through the top layer of the building, an opening of the air exhaust vertical shaft is formed in the top end of the air exhaust vertical shaft, and the opening is communicated with the outside.
Preferably, the air exhaust vertical shaft comprises an upper air exhaust vertical shaft and a lower air exhaust vertical shaft which are communicated up and down, and the flow cross section of the upper air exhaust vertical shaft is larger than that of the lower vertical shaft.
Preferably, the waist of the building is also provided with a dirty air discharging layer which is communicated with the outside; the flat layers are respectively positioned at the upper end and the lower end of the dirty air discharging layer;
the opening of the air exhaust vertical shaft is arranged at the waist part of the air exhaust vertical shaft, and the opening is positioned on the dirty air exhaust layer.
The invention does not specifically limit the size of the building, and preferably, the building is a large-size or super-large-size building;
the specific surface area of the building is the external surface area of the building and the ground building of the buildingRatio of building area, the specific surface area of the building is 10-1m2/m2Of the order of 10-1m2/m2The following orders of magnitude.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
1. the interference problem among the blast pipe, the exhaust pipe and the construction beam of the fresh air system of the traditional building is fundamentally solved, and the three-dimensional efficient building, particularly the fresh air system of the building with large and ultra-large volume is constructed
The existing reinforced concrete buildings are all an assembly of a foundation, a column, a main beam, a secondary beam and a floor slab. In a building construction, the upper part of a partition wall for separating each functional space unit generally corresponds to a structural beam, a main beam or a secondary beam of a building. In order to realize ventilation without blind areas, particularly deep ventilation of buildings, a channel for feeding fresh air and discharging dirty air is constructed, and a bidirectional flow fresh air system formed by combining an air supply pipe and an exhaust pipe is generally adopted; even if the air supply pipe (exhaust pipe) is replaced by public spaces such as a passageway, the exhaust pipe (fresh air pipe) still needs to be arranged.
In the space above each functional unit under the ceiling, the contradiction between the construction beam and the exhaust duct (fresh air duct) is difficult to reconcile: if the exhaust pipe passes through the opening on the structural beam, the strength of the structural beam is reduced due to the opening; if the exhaust pipe sinks to bypass the structural beam, the suspended ceiling is pressed down, and excessive upper space is occupied; especially in large-scale and ultra-large-scale buildings, the fresh air replacement amount is increased due to the expansion of the flat floor area, so that the section of the exhaust pipe is enlarged, and the problem that the large-section exhaust pipe and the structural beam space interfere with each other is difficult to reconcile.
According to the invention, the air supply pipe is cancelled, the flat-layer fresh air module, the flat-layer air supply main channel and the flat-layer air supply sub-channel are adopted to horizontally supply fresh air to each functional space unit of the flat layer, and the functional space unit return air pipes are adopted to be communicated with the air exhaust vertical shaft to carry out vertical air exhaust, so that not only is the fresh air replaced by smooth airflow organization, but also the dead knot of the air supply pipe, the air exhaust pipe and the construction beam of the fresh air system, which is caused by spatial interference and non-adjustable structural relationship, is solved.
2. Provides basic conditions for the construction and operation of 'double-low double-super' special buildings with extremely low specific surface area, extremely low energy consumption, ultrahigh volume ratio and extremely large volume
The invention adopts the air isolation type physical structure of the vertical multilayer parallel multi-air passage, which is provided with a plurality of flat layers in the vertical direction and a plurality of air passages in each flat layer, so that the vertical temperature gradient and the transverse temperature gradient of the building are reduced to be extremely low, and a summer cold core and a winter hot core of the building are constructed; namely, a cubic or nearly cubic outline layout 'double-low double-super' building with the characteristics of extremely low specific surface area, extremely low energy consumption, ultrahigh volume ratio and extremely large volume is adopted, so that the index of the specific surface area of the building is extremely low, and the external surface area of the building which is uniformly shared by the internal unit building area can be reduced to 10-1m2/m2The magnitude of the energy-saving effect is reduced to below 1/10 corresponding indexes of a common building house, the energy exchange strength between the unit building area and the external environment is greatly reduced, the energy-saving property is very excellent, the air-conditioning refrigeration load in summer and the air-conditioning heating load in winter are reduced by more than 3/4 compared with the common building, the energy-saving range and effect are greatly reduced, and the energy-saving range and effect obtained by improving the heat insulation performance of the far-from-building material and the performance of the air-conditioning heating and ventilation equipment can be expected.
The invention adopts a double-low double-super building which is arranged in a cubic or approximate cubic outline, and has the important advantages of greatly reducing the consumption of the decorative materials of the building of the outer facade, greatly improving the anti-seismic strength of the building structure, reducing the complexity of the construction process and shortening the construction period.
The invention adopts an air isolation type physical structure of vertical multilayer flat multi-air passageways with a plurality of flat layers arranged in the vertical direction and a plurality of air passageways arranged on each flat layer, adopts a flat layer main passageway and a branch passageway for air supply and vertical shaft air exhaust, is a feasible and reliable technical path and technical scheme of a fresh air system of a double-low double-super building, fundamentally solves the core problem of fresh air introduction and dirty air exhaust which are necessary to be solved by the design, construction and operation of the large-volume super large-volume building, provides basic conditions for the construction, operation and popularization of the large-volume super-large-volume building with the characteristics of greatly saving land, energy and materials, influences the evolution of the human-natural relationship, changes the living and traveling states of people, promotes the productive city to be forcefully fused, and changes the basic states, basic patterns and basic appearances of the urban real estate industry.
3. The secondary wind and light condition index in the house is superior to the natural environment
The judgment of the value of artificial secondary environment is better than the original ecological environment in terms of specific single living conditions of human beings, and is verified for many times: the concrete multi-storey high-rise residence is superior to a cave, tap water is superior to original ecological river water and underground water, and a flushing closestool is superior to a latrine; particularly, after energy technologies such as manual fire taking, air conditioning and the like are available, food cooked at high temperature is superior to taomao blood drinking, semiconductor illumination is superior to solar radiation, air conditioning wind after cooling and dehumidification in summer is superior to ambient hot wind, and floor heating in winter is superior to field bonfire.
A space is a living room as long as the space can shield wind and rain, can provide clean fresh air, proper illumination, clean drinking water and sanitary hot water, stable electric power and network signals, and can smoothly discharge dirty air, excrement and garbage.
According to the building adopting the horizontal conveying and vertical exhausting fresh air system, indoor fresh air replacement and dirty air exhaust diffusion effects are achieved to the utmost extent, and indexes such as air temperature, humidity, oxygen content and cleanliness in secondary artificial wind and light environments in large-volume buildings are superior to those in primary natural environments; furthermore, the house in the building has no mosquito trouble from the nature, and can introduce new house technical products such as outdoor live-action images, airflow closed-loop circulation dehumidification type drying heat pumps, gas-free electric kitchens, semiconductor cold light source lighting and the like, thereby creating secondary climate conditions and living conditions which are originated from the natural environment and are higher than the natural environment.
Of course, it is not necessary for any product in which the invention is practiced to achieve all of the above-described advantages at the same time.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a building with a horizontal-conveying vertical-ventilating fresh air system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a horizontal air supply of a fresh air system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a fresh air replacement structure of a functional space unit according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a vertical air exhaust of a fresh air system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a variable cross section of an exhaust shaft provided by the preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a variable cross-section of a flue box provided in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a building provided with a foul air exhaust layer at the waist part according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a heat recovery device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a fresh air module capable of providing two modes of conditioned fresh air and natural fresh air according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention provides a building with a horizontal ventilation and vertical ventilation system, which will be described in detail with reference to fig. 1 to 9, the present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and those skilled in the art can modify and color the building without changing the spirit and content of the present invention.
Example 1
The invention relates to a building adopting a horizontal conveying and vertical fresh air exhausting system, which adopts an air isolation structure with a plurality of flat layers in the vertical direction and a plurality of passageways in the horizontal direction and is derived from two building physics concepts of 'building specific surface area' and 'double-low double-super building' extracted by the invention.
The invention defines the specific surface area of a building as the ratio of the external surface area of the building to the ground building area of the building, and essentially the external surface area of the single building of the building is evenly shared, and the unit is m2/m2The energy-saving building is a dimensionless physical quantity which can be used as a core index for reflecting the energy characteristics and the structural characteristics of the building; the specific surface area of the building is large, so that the external surface area of the single building area of the building is large, the building energy consumption is high, the consumption of external wall materials is high, the construction process is complex, and the overall volume ratio of a building group is low; on the contrary, the specific surface area of the building is small, the external surface area shared by the unit building area is small, the building energy consumption is low, the consumption of external wall materials is low, the construction process is relatively simple, and the building volume ratio is high.
If the specific surface area as the core index of the energy characteristic and the structural characteristic of the building is extremely low, the building generally has the characteristics of extremely low energy consumption, ultrahigh volume ratio and ultra-large volume at the same time, and the building is defined as a double-low double-super building.
The common building has a cuboid outline and three-dimensional sizes of length, width and height. Taking a special case of cubic bodies in the cuboid as an example, the indexes of the specific surface area of cubic buildings with different scales are listed as follows
Figure BDA0002578495920000061
The above table indicates that the specific surface area of a cubic building is inversely proportional to the first square of the side length, and when the side length is increased from 3m to 30m and 300m, respectively, the specific surface area is from 6.0m2/m2Respectively reduced to 0.6 and 0.06m2/m2。
The specific surface area of a building, which is the ratio of the total external surface area of the building to the total building area, is the building interior unit building area (1 m)2) The uniformly distributed building external surface area, namely the uniformly distributed building unit areaThe area of the building which is subjected to energy exchange with the environment, namely the external surface area of the building which is subjected to thermal convection of the environmental heat radiation in summer and emits the thermal radiation to the environment in winter and is subjected to thermal convection is shared by the unit building area in the building, so that the specific surface area is the physical quantity of the building which reflects the energy characteristics and the structural characteristics of the building. The lower this value, the better, the lower the specific surface area the weaker the energy exchange strength of the building interior space with the environment; however, the low value requires a large building size; since the total building surface area is proportional to the square of the building linearity and the total building area is proportional to the third power of the linearity, the specific surface area, which is the ratio of the total building surface area to the total building area, is inversely proportional to the first power of the linearity: the specific surface area is low when the building linearity is large; the building linearity is small, and the specific surface area is high.
Under the current technical conditions, the specific surface area of a common building is 1.0m2/m2Magnitude; when the specific surface area of the building is reduced to 10-1m2/m2Of order of magnitude, i.e. 1m2The internal building area is only shared by 0.1m2And when the surface is of a certain magnitude, the material has the structural characteristics and energy characteristics of ultrahigh volume rate, ultra-large quantity and extremely low energy consumption.
The invention relates to a building adopting a horizontal conveying and vertical fresh air exhausting system, which adopts an air isolation structure with a plurality of flat layers in the vertical direction and a plurality of passageways in the horizontal direction, starts from two concepts of building specific surface area and double low double super buildings, breaks through the existing building design specifications, adopts an excellent artificial ventilation technology to replace the traditional natural ventilation, solves the ventilation problems of large-volume and super large-volume buildings, namely the problems of fresh air entering and dirty air exhausting, realizes the technical goals of increasing the three-dimensional size of the building, increasing the building volume, reducing the specific surface area and improving the volume rate, realizes the design and construction of the double low double super building with extremely low specific surface area, extremely low energy consumption, extremely high volume rate and super large volume, and realizes the expected realization of the green house which is eager for common families under the high land price background.
The invention provides a building adopting a flat-feeding vertical-exhausting fresh air system, which adopts an air isolation structure with a plurality of flat layers in the vertical direction and a plurality of passageways in the horizontal direction, wherein a flat-layer fresh air module, a flat-layer air-supplying main channel and an air-supplying branch channel horizontally supply fresh air to each functional space unit of the flat layers, and the functional space units are communicated with an air-exhausting vertical shaft for vertical air exhaust.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the building is a massive or super massive building, and the specific surface area of the building is 10-1m2/m2Of the order of 10-1m2/m2The air supply and exhaust device comprises a plurality of flat layers 1, wherein a plurality of air supply and exhaust modules are arranged in the flat layers 1, a plurality of air passages are arranged among the air supply and exhaust modules, and each air supply and exhaust module comprises at least one functional space unit 11. The building may be a residential house, an office building, a hotel, or the like, and is not limited thereto, and therefore, the functional space unit 11 may be an office, a conference room, a storeroom, a reading room, a laboratory, a rest room, a house, or the like;
the new trend system 2 includes:
the outer wall of each flat layer 1 is provided with at least one total air supply outlet, and the total air supply outlet is provided with a fresh air module 21;
the air supply main channel 22 is horizontally arranged in each flat layer 1, and at least one end of the air supply main channel 22 is communicated with the main air supply outlet of the same flat layer 1;
a plurality of air supply sub-channels 23 are horizontally arranged in each flat layer 1, and the plurality of air supply sub-channels 23 are respectively communicated with the air supply main channel 22 and the plurality of functional space units 11 on the same flat layer;
the air exhaust vertical shafts 24 are respectively vertically arranged in the building, and the air exhaust vertical shafts 24 penetrate through the flat floors 1 and are communicated to the outside of the building; a plurality of air outlets are respectively formed in the air exhaust vertical shaft 24 corresponding to each flat layer 1 and are communicated with the functional space units 11 in the air supply and exhaust modules in the corresponding flat layers; the ventilation shaft 24 is the core of each air supply and exhaust module in each floor, and the functional space units 11 in the air supply and exhaust modules are spread around the ventilation shaft 24.
During fresh air replacement, the fresh air module 21 sucks fresh air from the external environment, the fresh air enters the plurality of air supply sub-channels 23 of the flat layer through the air supply main channel 22 of the flat layer after being pressurized, the air supply sub-channels 23 send the fresh air into the functional space units 11, dirty air replaced by the fresh air is discharged into the air exhaust vertical shaft 24, and the dirty air is discharged out of the building through the air exhaust vertical shaft 24.
In this embodiment, each of the functional space units 11 is provided with an air supply outlet and an air outlet, the air supply outlet is communicated with the corresponding air supply branch channel 23, and the air outlet is communicated with the corresponding air outlet.
As an embodiment, the air supply outlet of the functional space unit 11 is provided with a fan coil device integrating external fresh air and internal circulation (refer to the invention patent with the application number of 2020103364170, which is filed to the national intellectual property office in 24.4.2020 by the applicant and is named as the fan coil device integrating external fresh air and internal circulation and the whole indoor fresh air replacement system), the fan coil device integrating external fresh air and internal circulation is arranged at one side in the functional space unit 11, the fresh air inlet and/or the internal circulation air inlet of the fan coil device integrating external fresh air and internal circulation are/is communicated with the corresponding air supply branch channel 23, and the air outlet of the fan coil device integrating external fresh air and internal circulation faces the functional space unit 11. During fresh air replacement, fresh air enters each functional space unit 11 through a fresh air inlet and/or an internal circulation air inlet of the fan coil device.
As another example, the air outlet of the functional space unit 11 is a hollow air outlet provided on a door or a door frame of the functional space unit 11. The present invention is not limited to a specific location of the functional space unit 11, and the air outlet may be a hole formed in the wall of the functional space unit 11.
In order to reduce the number of the air exhaust shafts 24, save materials and destroy the structure of the building as little as possible, in the embodiment, a plurality of functional space units 11 on the same flat floor are a group of air supply and exhaust modules, a passageway is arranged between the air supply and exhaust modules, and each air supply and exhaust module shares one air exhaust shaft 24. The invention does not limit the number of the functional space units 11 in the flat layer 1, and the air exhaust vertical shafts 23 can be arranged according to the actual positions of the functional space units 11.
The embodiment shown shares a ventilation shaft 24 with four functional space units 11.
Further, each all be equipped with the return air pipe in the function space unit 11, set up exhaust fan or exhaust pipe on the air outlet, the inlet scoop of exhaust fan or exhaust pipe with the return air pipe intercommunication, the air outlet of exhaust fan or exhaust pipe and the exhaust port intercommunication of the corresponding layer on a ventilation shaft 24.
In the functional space unit 11, the suction inlet of the return air pipe and the air supply outlet of the functional space unit 11 are arranged in a staggered manner and are not at the same height, if the air supply outlet is positioned close to the ceiling of the functional space unit 11, the air suction inlet of the return air pipe is positioned close to the bottom plate of the functional space unit 11, and the air supply outlet is arranged far away from the air suction inlet of the return air pipe in the horizontal direction, when fresh air is replaced, the fresh air enters a room at a high position and then performs combined motion of vertical descending and transverse translation, so that dirty air is pushed to flow to the air suction inlet of the return air pipe above the floor in an extruding manner, the ventilation blind area in the room is greatly reduced, the utilization rate of fresh air resources is high; and vice versa.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 3, an air supply duct 25 is provided at the air supply outlet on the door head of the functional space unit 11, the air suction inlet of the air supply duct 25 is communicated with the corresponding air supply branch channel 23, and the air outlet of the air supply duct 25 is communicated with the inside of the functional space unit 11. A return air pipe 28 is vertically arranged in the functional space unit 11, and the lower end of the return air pipe 28 is a suction inlet 281 and is close to the floor of the functional space unit 11; the air outlet of the return air pipe 28 is communicated with the air outlet of the exhaust pipe 27, and the air outlet of the exhaust pipe 27 is communicated with the corresponding air outlet on the exhaust vertical shaft 24.
In the present embodiment, the installation direction of the air blowing sub-passage 23 is different from the installation direction of the air blowing main passage 22, and if the installation direction of the air blowing main passage 22 is the longitudinal direction, the installation direction of the air blowing sub-passage 23 is the lateral direction; and vice versa. In this embodiment, the air supply main channel 22 is located in the center of the flat layer 1, the functional space unit 11 and the air supply sub-channel 23 are arranged on both sides of the air supply main channel 22, the air supply sub-channel 23 is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the air supply main channel 22, and the air supply sub-channel 23 is distributed on both sides of the air supply main channel 22 at intervals and is perpendicular to the air supply main channel 22.
The innovation point of adopting the horizontal conveying vertical fresh air exhausting system building provided by the embodiment is as follows:
1. adopting a flat-layer fresh air module 21, a flat-layer air supply main channel 22 and an air supply sub-channel 23 to horizontally supply fresh air to each functional space unit 11 of the flat layer
The two-way flow new trend replacement mode that air supply and air exhaust combined is carried out to this embodiment, but has cancelled the blast pipe (being the fresh air pipe) that has the secondary pollution risk to the new trend system of having eliminated the adoption blast pipe has had serious secondary pollution risk: dust is often condensed on the inner wall of the blast pipe to form a bacterial microorganism culture medium, the pipeline is slender and cannot be cleaned, and dust, microorganisms, bedbugs, cockroach droppings and the like accumulated in the pipeline are blown into an indoor space along with fresh air, so that a new secondary pollution problem is caused;
in the embodiment, an air supply main channel 22 of each flat floor of a building and an air supply sub-channel 23 communicated with the air supply main channel 22 are used for replacing an air supply pipe, the flat-floor fresh air module 21 is arranged at the outer edge of the end head of the flat-floor air supply main channel 22, various functional space units 11 such as offices, conference rooms, storerooms, reading rooms, laboratories, rest rooms and the like are arranged on at least one side of the air supply sub-channel 23, and air supply outlets are arranged on the functional space units 11;
when the fresh air is replaced, the flat-layer fresh air module 21 sucks fresh air from the external environment, pressurizes the fresh air and then sends the fresh air into the flat-layer air supply main channel 22 and the air supply sub-channel 23 communicated with the air supply main channel 22, and then the fresh air enters the functional space unit 11;
2. adopts a functional space unit 11 with a return air pipe communicated with an air exhaust shaft and vertically exhausts air
In the embodiment, each functional space unit 11 is provided with an air return pipe and an exhaust fan, a plurality of exhaust shafts 24 are arranged in the building, the air return pipe is communicated with an exhaust fan suction inlet, and an exhaust fan air outlet is communicated with a special exhaust shaft 24; an air exhaust shaft 24 is communicated with a plurality of air return pipes of the functional space units 11 on multiple flat layers.
During the fresh air replacement, the exhaust fan operates, a negative pressure state is formed on the communicated functional space unit 11 through the return air pipe, dirty air replaced by the fresh air of the functional space unit 11 is sucked in, and the dirty air is pressurized and then conveyed to the special exhaust vertical shaft 24 to be exhausted in a concentrated mode.
In one embodiment, the outer wall of the flat layer 1 is provided with one of the main air supply outlets, and one end of the main air supply channel 22 is closed, and the other end of the main air supply channel is communicated with the main air supply outlet.
As another embodiment, two total air supply outlets are provided on each flat layer 1, that is, one total air supply outlet is provided on each of the two opposite outer walls of the flat layer 1, and two ends of the main air supply channel 22 are respectively communicated with the two total air supply outlets. The two main air supply outlets are respectively provided with a fresh air module 21, namely, the embodiment performs north-south opposite feeding (or east-west opposite feeding) and dual-module air supply.
In the fresh air replacement of the embodiment, the two fresh air modules 21 in the south and north of the flat layer suck fresh air from the external environment, the fresh air is sent into the main flat layer air supply channel 22 in a pressurized manner after being dedusted, the fresh air flow is fed in the north and south directions, the fresh air is sent into the air supply branch channels 23 in the east and west directions, and then the fresh air is sent into each functional space unit 11 through the air supply ports of each functional space unit 11 for fresh air replacement; inside each functional space unit 11, fresh air flow is used as fresh air to extrude dirty air to flow to an air outlet of the functional space unit 11; the dirty air discharged from each functional space unit 11 is discharged into the exhaust shaft 24, and the dirty air is discharged to the outside of the building through the exhaust shaft 24.
Because the on-way resistance of the gas flowing in the pipeline is related to the type, density, speed, viscosity coefficient, structural size of the pipeline and the like, the on-way resistance calculation is a very complicated matter. However, the on-way resistance of the air flow is always proportional to the square of the air flow speed and proportional to the first time of the pipeline length, so that the reduction of the air flow speed becomes the first choice for reducing the power consumption of the air flow conveyed by the pipeline, namely the reduction of the fan power.
Because the two inlets of the fresh air flow enter from north to south, under the condition of total fresh air quantity required by the flat bed, the embodiment also has the advantages of reducing the air flow speed of the air inlet of the air supply main channel 22, reducing the on-way resistance and reducing the power consumption of the fan of the fresh air module 21.
In this embodiment, the top end of the air exhaust shaft 24 penetrates through the top floor 3 of the building, the outlet of the air exhaust shaft 24 is arranged at the top end of the air exhaust shaft 24, the top floor 3 of the building is provided with a plurality of through holes 31 through which the air exhaust shaft 24 can penetrate, and the outlet of the air exhaust shaft 24 is communicated with the outside. In this embodiment, an exhaust fan may be further disposed at the outlet of the exhaust shaft 24, so as to exhaust the dirty air in the exhaust shaft 24.
The main air supply channel 22 and the sub air supply channels 23 in each flat layer 1 can adopt open channels or closed passageways built by brick-concrete structures, of course, the sub air supply channels 23 can also adopt special air pipes to be installed as the top suction of the sub air supply channels 23, the space below the air pipes can be utilized, and the advantage of enlarging the net area of the functional space units 11 is achieved.
The fresh air module 21 belongs to the mature technology in the field, so the fresh air module is not particularly limited by the invention and can be selected according to the actual requirement.
As an embodiment, the fresh air module 21 includes a fresh air blower.
Further, the fresh air module 21 comprises a shell and a fresh air fan, and the shell is fixedly installed on the outer side of the outer wall of the flat layer 1; an air inlet cavity is arranged in the shell, one end of the air inlet cavity is communicated with the outside atmosphere, and the other end of the air inlet cavity is communicated with the main air supply outlet; the fresh air fan is arranged in the air inlet cavity. The fresh air fan sucks in fresh air from the external environment and pressurizes and sends the fresh air into the air supply main channel 22.
Further, new trend module 21 still includes the new trend pretreatment module that carries out the filtration to the new trend, and new trend pretreatment module specifically can be filter screen, coil pipe isotructure for the new trend that gets into the house removes dust, operation such as air conditioner, promotes the new trend pressure head simultaneously.
The building adopting the horizontal conveying and vertical fresh air exhausting system has the advantages that:
1. the interference problem among the blast pipe, the exhaust pipe and the construction beam of the fresh air system of the traditional building is fundamentally solved, and the three-dimensional efficient building, particularly the fresh air system of the building with large and ultra-large volume is constructed
The existing reinforced concrete buildings are all an assembly of a foundation, a column, a main beam, a secondary beam and a floor slab. In a building construction, the upper part of a partition wall for separating each functional space unit generally corresponds to a structural beam, a main beam or a secondary beam of a building. In order to realize ventilation without blind areas, particularly deep ventilation of buildings, a channel for feeding fresh air and discharging dirty air is constructed, and a bidirectional flow fresh air system formed by combining an air supply pipe and an exhaust pipe is generally adopted; even if the air supply pipe (exhaust pipe) is replaced by public spaces such as a passageway, the exhaust pipe (fresh air pipe) still needs to be arranged.
In the space above each functional unit under the ceiling, the contradiction between the construction beam and the exhaust duct (fresh air duct) is difficult to reconcile: if the exhaust pipe passes through the opening on the structural beam, the strength of the structural beam is reduced due to the opening; if the exhaust pipe sinks to bypass the structural beam, the suspended ceiling is pressed down, and excessive upper space is occupied; especially in large-scale and ultra-large-scale buildings, the fresh air replacement amount is increased due to the expansion of the flat floor area, so that the section of the exhaust pipe is enlarged, and the problem that the large-section exhaust pipe and the structural beam space interfere with each other is difficult to reconcile.
In the embodiment, the air supply pipe is cancelled, the flat-layer fresh air module, the flat-layer air supply main channel and the flat-layer air supply sub channel are adopted to horizontally supply fresh air to each function space unit of the flat layer, and the function space unit air return pipes are communicated with the air exhaust vertical shaft to realize vertical air exhaust, so that the fresh air replacement airflow organization is smooth, and the dead knot of spatial interference and irregulable structural relationship among the air supply pipe, the air exhaust pipe and the construction beam of the fresh air system is solved.
2. Provides basic conditions for the construction and operation of 'double-low double-super' special buildings with extremely low specific surface area, extremely low energy consumption, ultrahigh volume ratio and extremely large volume
The embodiment adopts an air isolation structure with a plurality of flat layers in the vertical direction and a plurality of passageways in the horizontal direction, so that the vertical temperature gradient and the transverse temperature gradient of the building are reduced to be extremely low, and a summer cold core and a winter hot core of the building are constructed; namely, a cubic or nearly cubic outline layout 'double-low double-super' building with the characteristics of extremely low specific surface area, extremely low energy consumption, ultrahigh volume ratio and extremely large volume is adopted, so that the index of the specific surface area of the building is extremely low, and the external surface area of the building which is uniformly shared by the internal unit building area can be reduced to 10-1m2/m2The magnitude of the energy-saving effect is reduced to below 1/10 corresponding indexes of a common building house, the energy exchange strength between the unit building area and the external environment is greatly reduced, the energy-saving property is very excellent, the air-conditioning refrigeration load in summer and the air-conditioning heating load in winter are reduced by more than 3/4 compared with the common building, the energy-saving range and effect are greatly reduced, and the energy-saving range and effect obtained by improving the heat insulation performance of the far-from-building material and the performance of the air-conditioning heating and ventilation equipment can be expected.
The double-low double-super building adopting the cubic or approximate cubic outline layout also has the important advantages of greatly reducing the consumption of the exterior face building decoration material, greatly improving the strength and the seismic strength of the building structure, reducing the complexity of the construction process and shortening the construction period.
The embodiment adopts the air isolation structure with a plurality of flat layers in the vertical direction and a plurality of passageways in the horizontal direction, adopts the air supply of the main passageways of the flat layers and the main passageways of the branch passageways and the air exhaust of the vertical shaft, is a feasible and reliable technical path and technical scheme of a fresh air system of a double-low double-super building, fundamentally solves the core problem of fresh air introduction and foul air exhaust which are necessary to be solved in the design, construction and operation of the large-volume and super-large-volume building, provides basic conditions for the construction, operation, popularization and popularization of the large-volume and super-large-volume building with the characteristics of large land, energy and material conservation, influences the evolution of the relation between people and nature, changes the living and traveling states of people, powerfully promotes the integration of the city and the real estate, and changes the basic state, the basic pattern and the basic appearance.
3. The secondary wind and light condition index in the house is superior to the natural environment
The judgment of the value of artificial secondary environment is better than the original ecological environment in terms of specific single living conditions of human beings, and is verified for many times: the concrete multi-storey high-rise residence is superior to a cave, tap water is superior to original ecological river water and underground water, and a flushing closestool is superior to a latrine; particularly, after energy technologies such as manual fire taking, air conditioning and the like are available, food cooked at high temperature is superior to taomao blood drinking, semiconductor illumination is superior to solar radiation, air conditioning wind after cooling and dehumidification in summer is superior to ambient hot wind, and floor heating in winter is superior to field bonfire.
A space is a living room as long as the space can shield wind and rain, can provide clean fresh air, proper illumination, clean drinking water and sanitary hot water, stable electric power and network signals, and can smoothly discharge dirty air, excrement and garbage.
According to the building adopting the horizontal conveying and vertical exhausting fresh air system, indoor fresh air replacement and dirty air exhaust diffusion effects are achieved to the utmost extent, and indexes such as air temperature, humidity, oxygen content and cleanliness in secondary artificial wind and light environments in large-volume buildings are superior to those in primary natural environments; furthermore, the house in the building has no mosquito trouble from the nature, and can introduce new house technical products such as outdoor live-action images, airflow closed-loop circulation dehumidification type drying heat pumps, gas-free electric kitchens, semiconductor cold light source lighting and the like, thereby creating secondary climate conditions and living conditions which are originated from the natural environment and are higher than the natural environment.
Example 2
The embodiment relates to a specific air isolation type physical structure of a vertical multi-layer and horizontal multi-air passageway adopting a horizontal conveying and vertical exhausting fresh air system, and please refer to fig. 1 to 4, which illustrate the energy characteristics of a special building with extremely low specific surface area, extremely low energy consumption, ultrahigh volume ratio and ultra-large volume by adopting the horizontal conveying and vertical exhausting fresh air system.
The main parameters of the building adopting the horizontal conveying and vertical fresh air exhausting system are as follows:
total 17500m2(ii) a The greening rate is 60 percent; ground for building 6988.6m2；
The whole appearance of the building is a nearly right cube, the column spacing of the building structure is 10m in the north-south direction and 7m in the east-west direction; the layer height is 3m, the total layer height above the ground is 40 layers and 120m, the south-north side length of the flat layer is 84.2m, the east-west side length is 83m, and the total area of the flat layer is 6988.6m2(ii) a Total building area 33.3 ten thousand meters2(two-layer basement);
each flat layer consists of 4 flat layer modules, and every two sub-modules of southeast, northeast, southwest and northwest use the central passage in the south-north direction as a boundary; each module takes a vertical channel formed by the elevator and the stairs 7 of the module as a center, and comprises 2 groups of 4 rows of 16 houses, including two house types of 8.2m × 7m and 10m × 7 m; a1.8 m transverse air supply duct is separated from a 10m by 7m structural unit, and a 8.2m by 7m small house type is arranged.
The total number of the households is 2560 households; the total number of people is 8960;
the volume ratio is 16.0; total specific surface area 0.195m2/m2；
Fresh air volume: according to 3.5 people per household, each person needs fresh air for 30m per hour3All people do not go out of all worship rooms 24 hours all the day in holidays; the cooking activity is forbidden to use gas only by using an electric heating stove, and the cooking consumption fresh air volume is calculated according to 0.5 times of the human residence fresh air volume; accordingly, the maximum fresh air demand of 24 hours in one flat layer is measured and calculated to be 24.2 ten thousand meters3I.e. 1 km3H; the maximum fresh air demand of the whole 40-storey super-large-volume residential building in 24 hours is 968 ten thousand meters3I.e. 40 ten thousand meters3/h；
Fresh air pretreatment heat load: according to the calculation of the fresh air volume and the calculation of reducing temperature, dehumidifying and reducing 20 ℃ for the fresh air outside the building in summer, heating and increasing the temperature for the fresh air by 20 ℃ in winter, the maximum heat load of the pretreatment of the fresh air required by one flat layer is 67 kw;
according to the cop 3.0 conversion of a refrigerating device (heat pump), the power consumption of each flat fresh air pretreatment is 22.3kw, and the maximum power consumption required by the fresh air pretreatment of the whole building is 892 kw; the highest fresh air pretreatment energy consumption per day is 2.4 kwh; considering the factors of no need of refrigeration dehumidification or heating temperature rise in spring and autumn, away-from-home work of family members and the like, the annual average fresh air energy consumption is less than the upper value of 1/2, namely less than 1.2 kwh/day.
In the building adopting the horizontal conveying and vertical exhausting fresh air system, the energy consumption of the air conditioner of a household is reduced besides the energy consumption of fresh air pretreatment in the operation process.
In the present embodiment, a building with a horizontal-conveying vertical-ventilation system is shown in fig. 1 to 5, and a plurality of air isolation layers are present in the vertical direction; in the horizontal direction, due to the requirement of reducing the radiation range of the air supply and exhaust shaft to reduce the size and distance of the flat-layer air supply and exhaust pipe, 16 air supply and exhaust modules which are combined into a group by four functional space units taking the vertical air exhaust shaft as the center are arranged on each flat layer, the 16 air supply and exhaust modules are mutually independent, and air passages exist among the 16 air supply and exhaust modules, so that an air separation type physical structure with vertical multi-layer air flat layers and a plurality of air passages arranged in the horizontal direction on each flat layer is created; in this embodiment air heat exchange process, the three kinds of modes of air convection heat transfer, heat conduction and heat radiation are all in the performance, but because the effect in the vertical a plurality of air isolation layer of building and a plurality of air isolation passageways of horizontal direction, these three kinds of heat transfer modes are all very weak to make the resident family air conditioner energy consumption compare and show to reduce in traditional house.
The air convection heat transfer of the embodiment has the advantages that the fresh air volume is still very small relative to the buildings with large volume, and each flat floor has only 1 ten thousand meters3H, i.e. 3m3The air flow speed of the fresh air inlet and the dirty air outlet is high, and the fresh air flow speed of the main space of the building is very low and is only 10-2The m/s grade is similar to that of air micelles confined in foam holes in a light foam material, the air micelles are in a static or quasi-static state, the speed is approximately zero, and the convective heat transfer of air can be ignored;
the air heat conduction of the embodiment is very weak as the air heat conduction coefficient is 0.024w/mk which is only 4.4% of 0.54w/mk of water at normal temperature; in fact, in terms of heat conduction, air is a poor heat conductor, and various foaming materials such as polyurethane foam boards, wall aerated concrete blocks and even wadded quilt have excellent heat insulation effects which are derived from air bubbles with thermal insulation in the materials;
the air heat radiation of the embodiment is weak in the air heat radiation inside the building, except that strong heat radiation (heat absorption) exists between the building facade and the ambient atmosphere due to large temperature difference in summer and winter.
Based on the analysis, the average human-average fresh air energy consumption of the building adopting the horizontal conveying and vertical air exhausting system is less than 1.2 kwh/day all the year around; meanwhile, the embodiment adopts a super large-volume nearly orthocubic structure, so that the energy-saving effect of the building with the extremely low specific surface area is remarkable; in addition, because the building of the embodiment is provided with the plurality of flat layers in the vertical direction and each flat layer is provided with the plurality of air passages, the air isolation type physical structure of the vertical multilayer flat multi-air passage has the advantages that in the operation process, the air heat convection, the heat conduction and the heat radiation in the building are weak, and in sum, the energy exchange between each household and the environment is further reduced; for each resident of each air supply and exhaust module of each flat bed of this embodiment, indoor resident's autologous heat release and cooking heating in winter can compensate the house to the weak heat leakage of environment in order to maintain indoor temperature, summer only need with resident's autologous heat release and cooking heating and extremely low environment leak into heat and remove and can maintain indoor temperature, thereby make this embodiment resident's air conditioner energy consumption compare traditional house and show to reduce more than 3/4, its energy-conserving range and effect, the energy-conserving range and the effect that the adiabatic performance of far away non-building material and the warm equipment performance of air conditioner improve and gain can be looked at its neck back.
Example 3
This example is further improved on the basis of example 1. In the present embodiment, referring to fig. 5 and 6, the top end of the air exhaust shaft 24 penetrates the top floor 3 of the building and is communicated with the outside. Further, the air exhaust shaft 24 includes an upper air exhaust shaft 242 and a lower air exhaust shaft 241 which are communicated with each other up and down, and the flow cross section of the upper air exhaust shaft 242 is larger than that of the air exhaust shaft 241. In the following, a 40 th floor is a smoke treatment floor, and the flow cross sections of the middle-upper floor flue shaft and the dirty air exhaust shaft are different from those of the middle-lower floor.
The flue shaft and the dirty air exhaust vertical shaft of the embodiment are separately arranged, the flow cross section begins to be enlarged upwards at the 21 st floor, namely the waist positions of the flue shaft and the dirty air exhaust vertical shaft, the flow cross section of the 21 st to 40 th layer flue shaft and the dirty air exhaust vertical shaft is about 2 times of that of the 1 st to 20 th layer (the side length of the cross section is increased to 1.4 times), after more oil smoke and dirty air are collected on the middle upper floor, the airflow velocity of the 21 st to 40 th layer flue shaft and the dirty air exhaust vertical shaft is still close to that of the 1 st to 20 th layer, and the rapid increase of on-way resistance caused by the increase of the flow velocity of the upper flue shaft and the dirty air exhaust vertical shaft is prevented; the oil smoke discharged from the 40 th layer of the flue well is treated by the oil smoke purifier 5 and then discharged to the atmosphere.
Example 4
This example is further improved on the basis of example 1.
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 7, a foul air discharging layer 6 is further disposed at the waist (i.e., the middle) of the building, the top end of the air exhaust shaft 24 is closed, and an outlet is disposed at the waist, and the outlet is communicated with the outside through the foul air discharging layer 6, so as to discharge foul air in the air exhaust shaft 24 to the outside of the building. The top end of a flue well arranged in the building is also closed, and the flue well is opened at the waist. Hereinafter, a house having 40 stories on the floor of a building is taken as an example, and the 21 st story is provided as a smoke treatment story and a smoke/dirty air exhaust story 6.
In the embodiment, the well cover at the 40 th layer of the flue well and the foul air exhaust vertical shaft 24 is closed, and the oil smoke and the foul air are led out at the 21 st layer, namely the waist openings of the flue well and the foul air exhaust vertical shaft; the soot discharged from the 21 st floor is processed by the soot cleaner 5 and then discharged, as shown in fig. 7.
Example 5
On the basis of the embodiment 4, further improvement is made. Referring to fig. 7 and 8, in the present embodiment, at least one total air outlet is further disposed on the outer wall of the dirty air discharging layer 6, and a plurality of air discharging channels are disposed in the dirty air discharging layer 6, and the air discharging channels are respectively communicated with the outlet of the air discharging vertical shaft 24 and the total air outlet. The total air outlet is also provided with an air exhaust module 28, and the air exhaust modules 28 belong to the mature technology in the field, so the invention does not specifically limit the air exhaust module and can be selected according to the actual requirement.
As an example, the exhaust module 28 includes an exhaust fan 281.
Further, the exhaust module 28 includes a housing and an exhaust fan 281, the housing is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the dirty air discharging layer 6; an exhaust cavity is arranged in the shell, one end of the exhaust cavity is communicated with the outside atmosphere, and the other end of the exhaust cavity is communicated with the main exhaust outlet; the exhaust fan 281 is arranged in the exhaust chamber. The exhaust fan 281 sucks in the dirty air from the exhaust passage to change the dirty air in the exhaust passage into a negative pressure, so as to facilitate the discharge of the dirty air to the outside of the building.
Further, the exhaust module 28 further includes a heat recovery device 282, and the dirty air enters the heat recovery device 282, and after the heat recovery device 282 recovers heat, the dirty air is exhausted to the ambient atmosphere through the exhaust fan 281. The embodiment focuses on heat recovery of the foul air exhausted by the building, and aims to solve the problem of high-energy-efficiency heating and temperature rise of the building by supplementing fresh air in winter.
Preferably, the total air supply outlet and the total air exhaust outlet are not arranged on the same side outer wall of the building, and the total air exhaust outlet is far away from the total air supply outlet as much as possible.
Winter exhaust air of a building has a much higher heating value (enthalpy) than winter ambient air because of the higher temperature, particularly humidity, than ambient air.
Looking at the table below, the enthalpy difference between the 1kg humid air exotherms is compared in the presence of two different humid air exotherms without condensate generation: similarly, the temperature reduction and heat release of 1kg of wet air are also in the temperature reduction range of 10 ℃, two different heat release paths without condensed water are provided, namely, the heat release amount is higher than 102.1% in 20 ℃ 80% → 10 ℃ 100% and 20 ℃ 50% → 10 ℃ 95.21%, and both of the two paths are the contribution of water vapor (humidity).
Comparison table for heat release of 1kg wet air at 10 DEG C
(20℃80％→10℃100％ PK 20℃50％→10℃ 95.21％)
Figure BDA0002578495920000151
The above table shows that the energy density (enthalpy) of the wet air containing water vapor during our life is determined mainly by the humidity, i.e. the water vapor content in the air, rather than the temperature of the air, which is quite unexpected for our experience.
Because of cooking, bathing, breathing of people and animals and the like in the building, the foul air exhausted by the building in winter contains a large amount of water vapor, and according to the analysis, the foul air has the characteristics of high temperature, high humidity and high energy density (high enthalpy value) in unit mass in terms of energy, and is the best source of heat required by fresh air heating and temperature rise during fresh air replacement of the building.
In this embodiment, a heat pump technology is introduced into a residential fresh air system, a set of heat recovery device 282 is arranged at a dirty air outlet, a finned tube type heat exchanger is arranged at the dirty air outlet, and the finned tube type heat exchanger is connected with a refrigeration compressor, a throttle valve and a water-fluorine plate type heat exchanger by pipelines to form a refrigerant closed cycle channel, so as to construct a heat transfer system (i.e. a heat pump system, namely a refrigeration system), as shown in fig. 7, large-scale heat transfer is realized between air flow at the dirty air outlet and hot water by using lower electric energy consumption of a compressor fan water pump, and a high energy efficiency solution is provided for heating and warming fresh air in winter of a building and producing sanitary hot water in a toilet.
Example 6
The new trend module 21 of this embodiment can provide two kinds of modes of air conditioning new trend and natural new trend, and concrete structure is as follows:
referring to fig. 9, the fresh air module 21 includes a housing 213, an air conditioning module 212 and a fresh air blower 211, the housing 213 is fixedly installed on an outer wall of the flat layer 1, an air inlet cavity is provided in the housing 213, the air inlet cavity includes a front portion 2131, a middle portion 2132 and a rear portion 2133 which are communicated with each other, the air conditioning module 212 is disposed at the front portion 2131 of the air inlet cavity, and the front portion 2131 of the air inlet cavity is communicated with the outside atmosphere; the fresh air fan 211 is arranged at the rear part 2133 of the air inlet cavity, and the rear part 2133 of the air inlet cavity is communicated with the main air supply outlet; the two sides of the shell 213 are respectively provided with a tuyere corresponding to the middle part 2132 of the air inlet cavity, the two tuyeres are respectively provided with a door 2134, a door shaft 2135 of the door 2134 is close to the front part 2131 of the air inlet cavity, the two doors 2134 can be opened towards the middle part 2132 of the air inlet cavity, and when the two doors 2134 are opened, the front part 2131 of the air inlet cavity can be separated from the middle part 2132: when the two doors 2134 are closed, the air ports on the two sides of the shell 213 are in a closed state, at the moment, the middle part 2132 of the air inlet cavity is respectively communicated with the front part 2131 and the rear part 2133 of the air inlet cavity, fresh air can only enter from the front part 2131 of the air inlet cavity, air-conditioned fresh air heated or refrigerated by the air conditioning module 212 sequentially passes through the middle part 2132 and the rear part 2133 of the air inlet cavity and then enters the air supply main channel 22 of the flat layer 1, and the air-conditioned fresh air mode is suitable for running in a high-temperature environment in summer and a low-temperature environment in winter. When the two doors 2134 are opened towards the middle part 2132 of the air inlet cavity, the air inlets on the two sides of the shell 213 are opened, at the moment, the two doors 2134 separate the front part 2131 and the middle part 2132 of the air inlet cavity, namely, the middle part 2132 of the air inlet cavity is communicated with the rear part 2133 of the air inlet cavity and is not communicated with the front part 2131 of the air inlet cavity, therefore, natural fresh air can directly enter the middle part 2132 of the air inlet cavity from the air inlets on the two sides of the shell 213 without passing through the air conditioning module 212, and further enters the air supply main channel 22 of the flat layer 1 through the front part 2131 of the air inlet cavity, and the natural fresh air mode is suitable for operation in.
Example 7
The two ends of the air supply main channel 22 of the flat layer 1 are respectively provided with a fresh air module A and a fresh air module B, namely, the outer walls of the two opposite sides of the flat layer 1 are respectively provided with one main air supply outlet, the two ends of the air supply main channel 22 are respectively communicated with the two main air supply outlets, the two main air supply outlets are respectively provided with a fresh air module A and a fresh air module B, and the fresh air module A and the fresh air module B are started under different climatic conditions:
1. one end of the fresh air module A is provided with an air conditioning fresh air module A, the fresh air module A is internally provided with a finned tube heat exchanger, a compressor, a throttle valve, an external heat exchanger and other components which are communicated with the finned tube heat exchanger besides an air inlet and a fresh air fan, the module runs in a high-temperature environment in summer and a low-temperature environment in winter, air conditioning treatment of cooling and dehumidifying in summer and heating and warming in winter is carried out on introduced fresh air, and then the fresh air is pressed into an air supply main channel;
2. the other end is provided with a common fresh air module B, the common fresh air module B does not contain air conditioning equipment for cooling, dehumidifying or heating, and the module runs in spring and autumn and directly presses the introduced fresh air into the air supply main channel 22 after being filtered.

Claims (11)

1. A building adopting a horizontal air supply and vertical air exhaust system is characterized in that an air isolation structure with a plurality of flat layers in the vertical direction and a plurality of passageways in the horizontal direction is adopted, the building comprises a plurality of flat layers, a plurality of air supply and exhaust modules are arranged in the flat layers, the passageways separate the air supply and exhaust modules through air, and the air supply and exhaust modules comprise at least one functional space unit; the new trend system includes:
the outer wall of each flat layer is provided with at least one total air supply outlet, and the total air supply outlet is provided with a fresh air module;
the air supply main channel is horizontally arranged in each flat layer, and at least one end of the air supply main channel is communicated with the main air supply outlet of the same flat layer;
the air supply sub-channels are horizontally arranged in each flat layer and are respectively communicated with the air supply main channel and the functional space units on the same flat layer;
the air exhaust vertical shafts are vertically arranged in the building respectively, penetrate through the flat layers and are communicated to the outside of the building; and a plurality of air outlets are respectively formed in the air exhaust vertical shaft corresponding to the flat layers and communicated with the functional space units in the air supply and exhaust modules in the corresponding flat layers.
2. The building with the horizontal blowing and vertical exhausting fresh air system as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of the functional space units has an air supply opening and an air outlet opening, the air supply opening is communicated with the corresponding air supply branch passage, and the air outlet opening is communicated with the corresponding air outlet opening.
3. The building adopting the horizontal conveying and vertical exhausting fresh air system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the air supply outlet is arranged on the door head of the functional space unit, and a fan coil device integrating external fresh air and internal circulation is arranged on the air supply outlet; or the like, or, alternatively,
the air supply outlet is arranged on a door leaf or a door frame of the functional space unit.
4. The building with the horizontal conveying and vertical ventilating fresh air system as claimed in claim 2, wherein each of the functional space units has an air return pipe, the air outlet is provided with an exhaust fan or an exhaust pipe, the air suction port of the exhaust fan or the exhaust pipe is communicated with the air return pipe, and the air outlet of the exhaust fan or the exhaust pipe is communicated with the corresponding air outlet.
5. The building with the horizontal conveying and vertical ventilating fresh air system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the air supply subchannels on the same floor are spaced apart on both sides of the main air supply channel by the functional space units.
6. The building with the horizontal blowing and vertical ventilating fresh air system as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of the outer walls of the flat floors is provided with one of the main blowing openings, one end of the main blowing passage is closed, and the other end of the main blowing passage is communicated with the main blowing opening.
7. The building with the horizontal blowing and vertical ventilating fresh air system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer walls of two opposite sides of each flat layer are respectively provided with one of said main blowing openings, and two ends of said main blowing passage are respectively communicated with two of said main blowing openings.
8. The building adopting the flat-conveying vertical fresh air exhausting system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the top end of the air exhausting shaft penetrates through the top floor of the building, the opening of the air exhausting shaft is arranged at the top end of the air exhausting shaft, and the opening is communicated with the outside.
9. The building adopting a horizontal conveying and vertical ventilating fresh air system as claimed in claim 8, wherein the air exhaust shaft comprises an upper air exhaust shaft and a lower air exhaust shaft which are communicated with each other up and down, and the flow cross section of the upper air exhaust shaft is larger than that of the lower air exhaust shaft.
10. The building adopting the horizontal conveying and vertical exhausting fresh air system as claimed in claim 1, wherein a dirty air exhausting layer is further arranged at the waist part of the building, and the dirty air exhausting layer is communicated with the outside; the flat layers are respectively positioned at the upper end and the lower end of the dirty air discharging layer;
the opening of the air exhaust vertical shaft is arranged at the waist part of the air exhaust vertical shaft, and the opening is positioned on the dirty air exhaust layer.
11. The building with horizontal conveying and vertical ventilating fresh air system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the building is a large or huge building;
the specific surface area of the building is 10-1m2/m2Of the order of 10-1m2/m2The following orders of magnitude.
CN202010661481.6A 2020-07-10 2020-07-10 Adopt and send vertical fresh air system building of arranging horizontally Pending CN111678229A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202010661481.6A CN111678229A (en) 2020-07-10 2020-07-10 Adopt and send vertical fresh air system building of arranging horizontally

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202010661481.6A CN111678229A (en) 2020-07-10 2020-07-10 Adopt and send vertical fresh air system building of arranging horizontally

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN111678229A true CN111678229A (en) 2020-09-18

Family

ID=72437790

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202010661481.6A Pending CN111678229A (en) 2020-07-10 2020-07-10 Adopt and send vertical fresh air system building of arranging horizontally

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN111678229A (en)

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