CN112814420A - Building capable of avoiding cross infection through indoor foul air management and control - Google Patents
Building capable of avoiding cross infection through indoor foul air management and control Download PDFInfo
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- E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
- E04B1/78—Heat insulating elements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B9/00—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation
- E04B9/001—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation characterised by provisions for heat or sound insulation
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B9/00—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation
- E04B9/02—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation having means for ventilation or vapour discharge
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F15/00—Flooring
- E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
- F24F11/63—Electronic processing
- F24F11/64—Electronic processing using pre-stored data
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
- F24F11/63—Electronic processing
- F24F11/65—Electronic processing for selecting an operating mode
- F24F11/67—Switching between heating and cooling modes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
- F24F13/02—Ducting arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
- F24F13/28—Arrangement or mounting of filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F7/00—Ventilation
- F24F7/04—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation
- F24F7/06—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation with forced air circulation, e.g. by fan positioning of a ventilator in or against a conduit
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Abstract
The invention discloses a building for avoiding cross infection through indoor foul air management and control, which comprises a sealed heat-insulation room body, an air supply system, an exhaust system, a ventilation heat recovery system, an environment source heat exchange system and a refrigerating and heating system, wherein one or more personnel gathering belts are distributed in the sealed heat-insulation room body, the air supply system comprises a fresh air sending end communicated with an indoor space, the exhaust system comprises a foul air receiving end communicated with the indoor space, and the refrigerating and heating system comprises an indoor refrigerating and heating device for refrigerating and heating air in the sealed heat-insulation room body to a set indoor ideal temperature and a fresh air refrigerating and heating device for refrigerating and heating fresh air sent by the air supply system to a range lower than a set indoor temperature limit value. The foul air and the fresh air released in the technology of the invention can not be crossed or mixed, thereby avoiding indoor cross infection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of house buildings, and particularly relates to a building capable of avoiding cross infection through indoor foul air management and control.
Background
About passive rooms
The concept of passive rooms was first proposed in 1988 by professor adamson of delong university, sweden, and doctor fisher, germany, and refers to buildings that maintain a comfortable internal thermal environment by virtue of good thermal insulation and air tightness of their own external enclosure structure without the aid of a conventional air conditioning system. In 1991, damschtatt, germany, built the first "passive house". Then, the Fester Philadels established the "Passive House" institute (PHI) in 1996 in Dammstatet, Germany. In 2015, the german passive research center further perfected the certification standards of passive houses, and the certification standards were classified into three levels, namely "Classic standard (Classic)", "upgrade standard (Plus)", and "advanced standard (Premium)". The German latest 2020 edition 'building energy law' stipulates that nearly zero energy consumption buildings have three requirements: 1) the energy consumption of heating, refrigeration, ventilation, hot water illumination and the like of the building must be lower than 75 percent of that of the legal and defined benchmark building; 2) heat preservation and insulation measures are implemented on the building to reduce the energy consumption loss of heating and refrigeration; 3) a certain proportion of the heating and cooling energy consumption must be provided by renewable energy sources. To date, the world's passive houses have developed over 6 million seats and have developed a rapid trend. Since 2015, individual cities in germany such as heidelberg began to legislatively push buildings; british law stipulates that 2016 new buildings begin to implement near zero energy consumption buildings; according to the european union directive, new buildings in the whole european union in 2020 must be passive buildings with near zero energy consumption. In china, a first passive house-hamburger home was established in the shanghai in 2010. During the 10 years, passive concepts and technologies have slowly progressed to maturity in our country from exploration. Governments at all levels have also gained increased acceptance for passive low energy buildings. 27 days 2 and 27 months 2015, the design standards for passive low-energy-consumption residential building energy conservation- (DB13(J)/T177-2015) published by houses in Hebei province and urban and rural construction halls are the first passive low-energy-consumption building standard in China. In 2016, 8 and 5 days, passive low-energy-consumption buildings, namely buildings for dwelling in severe cold and cold regions- (16J908-8), approved by Ministry of construction in urban and rural areas is a national standard design drawing set of the first passive low-energy-consumption buildings in China. By 2020, 9 passive low-energy-consumption technical guidelines and 14 design, detection and evaluation criteria are released in the country.
Because the outer protective structure of the passive house has good heat preservation and heat insulation performance and air tightness, the indoor air environment is basically not influenced by the external environment, and the indoor air environment is convenient to manage. The traditional passive room fresh air unit adopts an upper-air-supply lower-discharge or upper-air-supply upper-discharge mode (see fig. 1 and 2), and fresh air is fed at a high speed to promote indoor air to be mixed, so that the indoor temperature is uniform and consistent. The upper-discharge and lower-discharge modes are ventilation modes for diluting indoor air. By feeding fresh air with a certain amount of high wind speed to mix with the indoor air, dilution ventilation is formed so as to adjust the indoor temperature and reduce the concentration of pollutants. A fresh air all-in-one machine is generally adopted in a passive ultra-low energy consumption building for heating, outdoor fresh air and indoor exhaust air are subjected to high-efficiency heat converters, heat energy is effectively recovered and provided for fresh air, and the fresh air is preheated and then sent into the room in winter.
Dilution and ventilation: diluting the whole house air with fresh air, and discharging the mixed air. Only the concentration of foul smell can be reduced, and the whole foul smell can not be discharged, so that the cross infection can not be avoided.
Second, related to displacement ventilation
The principle of displacement ventilation is based on the rise of hot air and the fall of cold air due to air density differences. The air is blown from the bottom of the room at a wind speed less than 0.2m/s, which is lower than the indoor air temperature. Displacement ventilation systems have been used in europe for over 40 years in high thermal load industrial buildings, and in 1978 a foundry in berlin, germany, first used displacement ventilation. Replacement ventilation systems have also become increasingly popular in non-industrial buildings in northern european countries, such as office buildings, schools, theaters, etc., e.g., the copenhagen theater, denmark. In China, the university of Qinghua researches the operation conditions of ventilation and mixed ventilation (dilution ventilation) in the cooling season to obtain that the ventilation is more energy-saving; meanwhile, the particle distribution of the replacement ventilation under different air flows is researched, and the result shows that the air flow has great influence on the particle distribution of different particle sizes, the concentration of small-particle-size particles (PM2.5) in the upper area of a room is higher, and the concentration of large-particle-size particles (PM10) in the lower area of the room is higher. The university of Tongji establishes an airflow laboratory to perform experimental analysis research on the characteristics of the displacement ventilation airflow, and briefly analyzes the influence of the enclosure structure on the airflow organization by changing the heat transfer coefficient of the enclosure structure, thereby providing reference data for evaluating the comfort of the displacement ventilation mode; meanwhile, the analysis and research of the composite system of the displacement ventilation and the cooling top plate are also carried out. The donghua university has been involved many times in experimental studies in the LET laboratory in france on disturbing factors of the displacement ventilation system, such as the effect of water vapour on the performance of the displacement ventilation system. The scholars of Huazhong university of science and technology use the CFD technology to study the parameter design of the replacement ventilation system, and provide a method for determining various parameters of the replacement ventilation system, so that the designed system can ensure indoor higher air quality, and can prevent the phenomena of overlarge vertical temperature difference, blowing feeling and the like. With the application of computational fluid dynamics in heating ventilation, a large number of numerical simulation researches on displacement ventilation flow fields, temperature fields, concentration fields and moisture content distribution are correspondingly developed, and a lot of important results are obtained. See fig. 3 for the indoor smoke profile during displacement ventilation.
Replacement ventilation: the whole air is replaced by fresh air, the original air in the room is discharged, namely, the heat plume of the indoor human body heat source is utilized to form approximate piston flow to replace the indoor air, and in winter, when the air supply temperature at the bottom of the room is higher than that at the upper part, cross infection is possibly generated.
Third, about floor heating
Bottom radiation heating is a comfortable heating mode, the indoor ground surface temperature is uniform, air turbulence is not easy to cause, and indoor air is clean. According to the regulations in technical rules for radiant heating on the ground (JGJ 142-2004): the surface temperature of the floor heating floor is adopted in an area where people often stay, the temperature is preferably 24-26 ℃, and the upper limit value of the temperature is 28 ℃; the temperature of the short-term staying area of people is preferably 28-26 ℃, and the upper limit value of the temperature is 32 ℃; the short-term retention area of no person is preferably 35-40 deg.C, and the upper limit value of temperature is 42 deg.C. The upper limit value of the water supply temperature is 60 ℃, the water supply temperature of the civil building is preferably 35-50 ℃, and the temperature difference of the water supply and return is not more than 10 ℃.
In conclusion, the dilution ventilation of the traditional passive house and the replacement ventilation integrated with the existing fresh air have the following technical problems: (1) the ventilation modes of upper air supply and upper air discharge and lower air discharge can cause air turbulence, only indoor foul air can be diluted, and the situation that the foul air and fresh air are mixed and stay in a room cannot be avoided; (2) in winter, hot air is fed to the indoor bottom, so that indoor air is mixed, the staying time of dirty air in the room is prolonged, and cross pollution is caused; (3) if a high-speed bottom air supply mode is adopted, indoor air turbulence is caused and fresh air and turbid air are mixed; (4) the ceiling surface material generally has higher heat conductivity coefficient, the aluminum alloy panel 230W/(m.K), the concrete floor 1.5W/(m.K), the gypsum board 0.3W/(m.K), the heat preservation gypsum 0.07W/(m.K), the cork 0.05W/(m.K), the hot foul gas sinks when the ceiling is cooled, so the hot foul gas can not be discharged quickly, and the cross contamination is caused; (5) for open large spaces, the airflow outlet and the discharge outlet are too far apart, and a "people-by-people" mode in which one person blows to the next person tends to occur midway, resulting in cross-contamination. (6) The traditional replacement ventilation adopts an airflow flowing mode of downward feeding and upward feeding, and low-wind-speed air supply is carried out, so that the replacement of indoor air quality is facilitated, but the risk of people passing exists in a large space.
In addition, the common building envelope (see fig. 4) has no air tightness and high heat preservation requirements, and the heat conducting performance of the surface material is higher, so that the implementation of replacement ventilation is difficult to meet.
When the passive house needs a heat source in winter, the prior art generally adopts a fresh air cooling and heating integrated machine to supply hot air, so that the replacement ventilation of the passive house cannot be realized. Therefore, a passive room adopting a replacement ventilation mode is not available in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a building which avoids cross infection through indoor foul air management and control, wherein a cold lake formed by fresh air slowly rises due to the temperature of a human body after meeting the human body, and the fresh air wraps the human body. People inhale fresh air, and the exhaled foul air is upwards dispersed and discharged from the air exhaust end due to relatively high temperature. If other mechanical or temperature interference is eliminated, the exhaled foul air and the fresh air cannot be crossed or mixed, so that indoor cross infection can be avoided.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a building for avoiding cross-infection through indoor foul air management, comprising:
the system comprises a sealed heat-insulation house body, wherein one or more personnel gathering belts are arranged in the sealed heat-insulation house body;
the air supply system inputs fresh air into the sealed heat-insulation room body and comprises a fresh air sending end communicated with the inside of the sealed heat-insulation room body;
the air exhaust system exhausts the air containing the foul air in the sealed heat-insulation room body, and comprises a foul air receiving end communicated with the inside of the sealed heat-insulation room body;
the ventilation heat recovery system comprises an air supply conveying device communicated with a fresh air sending end inlet of the air supply system and an air exhaust conveying device communicated with a turbid air receiving end outlet of the air exhaust system, and the air supply conveying device and the air exhaust conveying device exchange heat;
the environment source heat exchange system comprises a fluid conveying device for exchanging heat with the natural environment, an inlet of the fluid conveying device is communicated with a closed internal circulation fluid, and the fluid output by the fluid conveying device exchanges heat with the air in the sealed heat-preservation room and/or the fluid output by the fluid conveying device exchanges heat with the air sent into the sealed heat-preservation room;
a refrigeration and heating system;
the refrigerating and heating system comprises an indoor refrigerating and heating device for refrigerating or heating the air in the sealed heat-insulating room to a set temperature and a fresh air refrigerating and heating device for refrigerating and heating fresh air sent by the air supply system to a temperature lower than the set temperature;
the indoor refrigerating and heating device is a radiation type refrigerating and heating device arranged at the bottom of the sealed heat-insulation room body;
the fresh air sending end is lower than the mouth and nose of the person gathering area, the foul air receiving end is higher than the mouth and nose of the person gathering area, one or more fresh air sending ends are arranged below one side of each person gathering area, one or more fresh air sending ends are arranged between two adjacent person gathering areas, and one or more foul air receiving ends are arranged above or right above the other side of each person gathering area;
the air sent into the sealed heat insulation house body is firstly uniformly distributed at the lower part, then flows upwards, meets a heat source, is heated, slowly flows upwards, and is pumped out of the sealed heat insulation house body at the upper part.
Furthermore, the interior of the sealed heat-insulation house is divided into a first vertical cylindrical space and a second vertical cylindrical space which are sequentially and alternately arranged along the horizontal direction, the personnel gathering belt is arranged in the first vertical cylindrical space, the fresh air sending end is arranged in the second vertical cylindrical space, and the foul air receiving end is arranged in the first vertical cylindrical space or the second vertical cylindrical space.
Further, the radiant type refrigerating and heating device is a cold and heat radiation floor.
Further, the set temperature is indoor temperature, the set temperature is 20-26 ℃, and the temperature of the fresh air sent out by the fresh air sending end is lower than the set temperature and is not more than 3 ℃.
Furthermore, the fresh air delivery end is a fiber air distribution pipe.
Furthermore, the air supply system also comprises an air supply fan used for sending air positive pressure into the sealed heat-preservation room body, and the air exhaust system also comprises an air exhaust fan used for pumping air negative pressure out of the sealed heat-preservation room body.
Further, the fluid conveying device is a ground source heat pump, a water source heat pump or a gas source heat pump.
Further, the air supply system also comprises an air filter for filtering suspended particles, a sterilizing device for sterilizing and disinfecting and a dehumidifying device for removing moisture.
Further, the upper surface of the indoor space of the sealed heat-insulation house body is a low heat-conduction surface, or the upper sections of the upper surface and the side surface of the indoor space of the sealed heat-insulation house body are low heat-conduction surfaces, and the heat-conduction coefficient of the low heat-conduction surface is less than or equal to 0.1W/(mK).
Further, it has one to distribute in the sealed heat preservation room body during the area is gathered to personnel, the new trend is sent out the end and is located the bottom or the corner or the wall lower extreme of the sealed heat preservation room body, the foul smell receiving terminal is located the top or the wall upper end of the sealed heat preservation room body, it has a plurality ofly to distribute in the sealed heat preservation room body during the area is gathered to personnel, the new trend is sent out the end and is located the bottom of the sealed heat preservation room body, the foul smell receiving terminal is located the top of the sealed heat preservation room body.
Further, the foul air management and control building is one of an ultra-low energy consumption building, a near-zero energy consumption building, a zero carbon building, a carbon neutralization building and an energy production room based on the passive house technology.
Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1) the invention discloses a building which avoids cross infection through indoor foul air management and control, and a 'cold wind lake' technical method is introduced into a building technical system, so that cold wind is supplied in summer or winter. The temperature of the air supply is slightly lower than the indoor air temperature by about 1 to 3 ℃. The method is characterized in that fresh air is precooled in summer and is delivered downwards and upwards to achieve displacement ventilation, so that the aim of reducing or avoiding indoor cross contamination is achieved, compared with the technical scheme of mixed ventilation, the utilization rate of the fresh air can be improved, the demand of the fresh air is reduced, so that the energy consumption is reduced, in spring and autumn, the window-opening natural ventilation is recommended to be adopted, so that the method is the best method for avoiding indoor cross contamination, cold air is still delivered downwards (slightly lower than the indoor temperature) indoors in winter, floor heating is introduced into a passive room, so that the cold fresh air is uniformly heated and rises to form laminar flow, foul air is discharged from the upper part, and the aim of displacement ventilation in winter is achieved, so that the aim of reducing or; according to the invention, the foul air is controlled, namely the foul air is replaced by the fresh air, the flow direction and path of the foul air are controlled and timely discharged, and the whole room air does not need to be replaced at the same time; before the discharge of the foul air, cross-infection is to be avoided. The technical scheme focuses on the control and timely discharge of the foul air flow, shortens the residence time of the foul air in a room (avoids self-locking of the foul air, controls a fresh air-human (foul air) -exhaust path of air supply and exhaust, avoids the flow of the foul air from human to human (the air supply and exhaust distance is long, different people are in the way), adopts a large-space gridding fresh air technology, controls and realizes the fresh air-human-exhaust of the air flow path, and avoids the fresh air-human-exhaust, so that cross infection is avoided;
2) the invention discloses a building which avoids cross infection through indoor foul air management and control, an open large space is ventilated by adopting gridding distributed replacement, and a lower-delivery upper-discharge ventilating duct is arranged in different areas and space ranges to control the distance between a fresh air delivery end and an air inlet end of an exhaust system, so that when people suck all fresh air, foul air is discharged by a shortest path, and the foul air is prevented from passing other people at the periphery midway or mixing the fresh air and the foul air at the midway, thereby avoiding cross pollution;
3) according to the building capable of avoiding cross infection through indoor foul air management and control, the coating or the surface material with low heat conduction performance is adopted on the surface of the ceiling, so that the hot foul air is prevented from being rapidly cooled and sinking, the hot foul air stays near the ceiling until being discharged outdoors, and therefore real replacement ventilation is realized, and indoor cross infection is avoided;
4) according to the building which avoids cross infection through indoor foul air management and control, when heat supplement or cold supplement is needed in winter and summer, a technical system of floor radiation heat supplement or cold supplement is adopted, and the air flow direction cannot be interfered through large-area uniform radiation;
5) according to the building capable of avoiding cross infection through indoor foul air management and control, the fiber fabric air pipe (cable system) is introduced into the fresh air system of the passive house and serves as a lower air supply pipe groove, so that uniform and slow air supply is achieved, and turbulent flow is avoided.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the prior art of the passive chamber for the upward and upward exhaust;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the prior art passive chamber for exhausting air from top to bottom;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of indoor smoke distribution during ventilation displacement in the prior art;
FIG. 4 is a prior art non-sealed insulated housing;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the components of a building according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the airflow of a building according to one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic view of airflow in a building according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein, 10, the house body; 11. a ground surface; 12. a ground heat-insulating layer; 13. a wall body; 14. a wall heat-insulating layer; 15. a roof; 16. a roof insulation layer; 17. a low thermal conductivity surface; 20. an air supply system; 21. a fresh air delivery end; 22. an air supply fan; 30. an exhaust system; 31. a foul gas receiving end; 32. an exhaust fan; 40. a ventilation heat recovery system; 41. an air supply conveying device; 42. an exhaust air conveying device; 50. an environmental source heat exchange system; 51. a fluid delivery device; 52. enclosing an internal circulation fluid; 61. an indoor refrigerating and heating device; 62. fresh air refrigerating and heating device.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples.
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. In the present disclosure, terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", "side", "bottom", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only relational terms determined for convenience in describing structural relationships of the parts or elements of the present disclosure, and do not refer to any parts or elements of the present disclosure, and are not to be construed as limiting the present disclosure. In the present disclosure, terms such as "fixedly connected", "connected", and the like are to be understood in a broad sense, and mean either a fixed connection or an integrally connected or detachable connection; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present disclosure can be determined on a case-by-case basis by persons skilled in the relevant art or technicians, and are not to be construed as limitations of the present disclosure.
The following is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example one
Referring to fig. 5-6, a building for avoiding cross-infection through indoor foul air management as illustrated therein, comprising:
the system comprises a sealed heat-insulation house body 10, wherein one or more personnel gathering belts are arranged in the sealed heat-insulation house body 10;
the air supply system 20 inputs fresh air into the sealed heat-insulation house body 10, and the air supply system 20 comprises a fresh air sending end 21 communicated with the inside of the sealed heat-insulation house body 10;
the exhaust system 30 is used for exhausting air containing foul air in the sealed heat-insulation room body 10, and the exhaust system 30 comprises a foul air receiving end 31 communicated with the inside of the sealed heat-insulation room body 10;
a ventilation heat recovery system 40, wherein the ventilation heat recovery system 40 comprises an air supply conveying device 41 communicated with the inlet of the fresh air sending end of the air supply system 20 and an air exhaust conveying device 42 communicated with the outlet of the turbid air receiving end of the air exhaust system 30, and the air supply conveying device 41 and the air exhaust conveying device 42 exchange heat; the air supply conveyor 41 and the air discharge conveyor 42 are ducts;
an environment source heat exchange system 50, the environment source heat exchange system includes a fluid conveying device 51 for exchanging heat with the natural environment, the inlet of the fluid conveying device 51 is communicated with a closed internal circulation fluid 52, the fluid output by the fluid conveying device 51 exchanges heat with the air in the sealed heat-insulating room body 10 and/or the fluid output by the fluid conveying device 51 exchanges heat with the air sent into the sealed heat-insulating room body 10, the fluid conveying device 51 is a ground source heat pump, a water source heat pump or an air source heat pump;
a refrigeration and heating system;
wherein:
the refrigerating and heating system comprises a refrigerating and heating device 61 for refrigerating or heating the air in the sealed heat-insulating room body 10 to a set temperature and a fresh air refrigerating and heating device 62 for refrigerating or heating fresh air sent by the air supply system 20 to a temperature lower than the set temperature;
the indoor refrigerating and heating device 61 is a radiation type refrigerating and heating device arranged at the bottom of the sealed heat-preservation room body 10;
the position of the fresh air sending end 21 is lower than the position of the mouth and the nose of the human body in the human body gathering area, and the position of the foul air receiving end 31 is higher than the position of the mouth and the nose of the human body in the human body gathering area;
one or more fresh air sending-out ends 21 are arranged below one side of each personnel gathering area, one or more fresh air sending-out ends 21 are arranged between two adjacent personnel gathering areas, and one or more foul air receiving ends 31 are arranged above or right above the other side of each personnel gathering area;
the air sent into the sealed heat-insulating room body 10 is firstly uniformly distributed at the lower part, then flows upwards, meets a heat source, is heated, slowly flows upwards, and is drawn out of the sealed heat-insulating room body 10 at the upper part.
In the preferred embodiment of the present embodiment, the sealed thermal insulation room body 10 is divided into a first vertical cylindrical space and a second vertical cylindrical space alternately arranged in the horizontal direction, the people collecting belt is arranged in the first vertical cylindrical space, the fresh air sending end is arranged 21 in the second vertical cylindrical space, and the foul air receiving end 31 is arranged in the first vertical cylindrical space or the second vertical cylindrical space.
In the preferred embodiment of this embodiment, the indoor cooling and heating device 61 is a cooling and heating radiation floor. In other embodiments it may also be: the radiation type refrigerating and heating device is an electric blanket. The outlet of the fluid delivery device 51 is in communication with the coil of the radiant cooling and heating floor.
In a preferred embodiment of this embodiment, the set temperature is an indoor temperature, the set temperature is 20 ℃ to 26 ℃, and the temperature of the fresh air sent by the fresh air sending end 21 is lower than the set temperature by no more than 3 ℃. In other embodiments it may also be: the temperature is set to other temperatures as long as the temperature is appropriate.
In the preferred embodiment of this embodiment, the fresh air outlet 21 is a fiber air distribution pipe, and the fiber air distribution pipe is installed in the sealed insulated room or in the strip-shaped air supply groove. In other embodiments it may also be: the fresh air outlet end adopts a diffuser and the like.
In the preferred embodiment of the present embodiment, the air supply system 20 further includes an air supply fan 22 for supplying positive pressure air into the sealed insulated room 10, and the air exhaust system 30 further includes an air exhaust fan 32 for exhausting negative pressure air out of the sealed insulated room 10. In other embodiments it may also be: the air supply fan is not arranged, and only the air exhaust fan is arranged.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the air supply system further includes an air filter (not shown), a disinfection device (not shown), and a dehumidification device (not shown).
In the preferred embodiment of this embodiment, the upper surface of the indoor space of the sealed thermal insulation house 10 is the low thermal conductivity surface 17, and the thermal conductivity of the low thermal conductivity surface 17 is less than or equal to 0.1W/(mK). In other embodiments it may also be: the upper surface of the indoor space and the upper section of the side surface of the sealed heat-insulation house body are both low heat-conducting surfaces.
In the preferred embodiment of this embodiment, the low thermal conductive surface 17 is a surface of a low thermal conductive material coating, and the low thermal conductive material coating is a polyphenyl granule thermal insulation mortar or an aerogel thermal insulation material or an inorganic fiber spraying thermal insulation material. In other embodiments it may also be: the low thermal conductivity surface is the surface of the plate body made of low thermal conductivity material. The low heat conduction material plate body is a cork plate, a heat preservation gypsum plate and a glass fiber plate.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, when a plurality of people gathering zones are distributed in the sealed insulation room, the fresh air outlet 21 is disposed at the bottom of the sealed insulation room, and the foul air receiving end 31 is disposed at the top of the sealed insulation room. In other embodiments it may also be: when a row of personnel gathering zones are distributed in the sealed heat-insulation house body, the fresh air sending end is arranged on the ground of the sealed heat-insulation house body or on one side wall corner or the lower end of the wall parallel to the gathering zones, and the foul air receiving end is arranged on the top wall or the upper end of the wall of the sealed heat-insulation house body.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the foul air control building is one of an ultra-low energy consumption building, a near-zero energy consumption building, a zero carbon building, a carbon-neutral building, and an energy production room based on a passive building technology.
In the above, in summer, the fresh air refrigerating and heating device adopts the refrigerating function, in winter, in a cold or severe cold area, the fresh air refrigerating and heating device adopts the heating function, in summer, the cold and heat radiation floor adopts the refrigerating function, and in winter, the cold and heat radiation floor adopts the heating function.
In the preferred embodiment of the embodiment, in an office/room with a large volume, in order to avoid the diffusion of hot dirty gas in the room, a fresh air sending end is arranged at the bottom between the personnel gathering belts, the fresh air sending end evenly sends out cold air with the speed less than 0.2m/s, the fresh air is diffused to two sides, the hot dirty gas on one side is not diffused to the other side, the cold air is heated and ascended slowly through the heat radiation of the floor and the heat provided by the indoor human body heat source, and the cold air and the hot dirty gas generated in the room reach the top area of the ceiling together and then follow the heat radiation. The air is exhausted outdoors from the ceiling top areas among different human bodies, almost no pollution gas exists in a working area, indoor cross infection is avoided, and indoor environment health is improved. Meanwhile, the utilization rate of fresh air can be improved, the fresh air demand can be reduced, and therefore energy consumption can be reduced. The method can adopt replacement ventilation in indoor winter, summer and plum rain (namely the weather that the indoor can be dewed under the natural state in southern China, also called as 'yellow plum day' or 'return to south day'), so that fresh air is fed into the room and hot and dirty air in the room are not mixed to form laminar flow, the hot and dirty air in the room rises to a ceiling area and is discharged out of the room, and indoor cross infection is avoided. In the cooling period in summer, fresh air is fed at a low speed from the indoor bottom after being refrigerated (the temperature of the fresh air is lower than the room temperature by within 3 ℃), and the fresh air is slowly dispersed at the indoor bottom and is heated and slowly ascends when meeting an indoor human body heat source. In the winter heating period, outdoor fresh air is only filtered and is directly and slowly fed into a heat exchanger (the temperature of the fresh air is lower than the room temperature by within 3 ℃) at the indoor bottom at low wind speed, a cold air lake 4 is formed near the bottom, and the cold air is uniformly heated and slowly rises by adding floor heat radiation to form laminar flow. The hot foul smell exhaled by the person rises along with the rising of the hot foul smell, and is exhausted out of the room from the upper part of the room. The purpose of adding the heat preservation coating on the ceiling surface is that after the hot foul gas contacts the ceiling, the hot foul gas can not be cooled rapidly and then sinks to be mixed with other air, the detention time of the hot foul gas in the room is reduced, and the indoor cross infection is avoided. By using the replacement ventilation, the foul air is not diffused transversely in the bottom area of the room and is directly brought to the non-personnel staying area at the upper part of the room by the ascending air flow, so that a comfortable and healthy environment is created for the working area. For the season with moderate outdoor temperature in spring and autumn, the window opening natural ventilation is recommended, and the method is the best method for avoiding indoor cross infection.
Example two
Referring to fig. 7, as shown in the figure, the rest is the same as the first embodiment except that a heat source gathering belt is distributed in the sealed insulation room, the fresh air sending end 21 is arranged on the wall of the sealed insulation room, and the foul air receiving end 31 is arranged on the wall of the sealed insulation room.
In the embodiment, in an office/room with small volume, cold air with the speed less than 0.2m/s is sent downwards from the bottom of one side in the room, and is heated and ascended slowly through the heat radiation of the bottom and the heat provided by the indoor human body heat source, and the cold air and the heat dirt generated in the room reach the top area of the ceiling together, and then are discharged out of the room above the other side. Almost no pollution gas exists in a working area, indoor cross infection is avoided, indoor environment health is improved, the requirement of fresh air volume can be effectively reduced, and energy consumption is reduced.
The buildings in the first and second embodiments realize indoor air flow management and control by regulating and controlling various factors affecting indoor air temperature, wind direction, wind speed and the like, namely regulating and controlling factors affecting air flow, particularly a foul air path, and timely discharge foul air, so that cross infection is avoided. The specific technical measures are as follows:
1. the influence and the interference of the external environment on the indoor environment are eliminated, and a high-airtightness high-heat-preservation and mechanical ventilation (fresh air) system which meets the technical requirements of a passive house is adopted. Common buildings are susceptible to external environments:
firstly, air leakage can be generated in buildings with poor air tightness, so that indoor air is mixed;
the external door and window with good heat preservation and insulation effects is not used, the surface temperature of the door and window is low, so that nearby air flows downwards, and indoor air easily flows circularly;
thirdly, when no mechanical ventilation exists, the window opening can influence the airflow and the temperature;
and fourthly, the influence of the whole temperature difference of the room on the airflow.
2. The method avoids the problem that the temperature of the adjacent foul air is reduced to cause the foul air to sink due to the heat dissipation of the ceiling surface and the upper wall surface, avoids the foul air from being self-locked in the middle layer and being incapable of being discharged, and adopts low-heat-conductivity surface materials or coatings.
3. The lower part of the air conditioner slowly sends cold air (fresh air slightly lower than room temperature) passing through the heat exchanger at the air speed not more than 0.2m/s, and the ground radiation heating is used for replacing the hot air supply in winter, so as to avoid turbulence and form an indoor 'cold air lake'. In summer, the ground radiation refrigeration is used for ensuring comfortable room temperature, and the fresh air refrigeration is used for providing fresh air slightly lower than the room temperature, so that the turbulence is avoided, and a cold lake is formed.
4. The natural law of cold air sinking and hot air rising is followed, and the lower cold air (fresh air) supply and the upper exhaust are adopted.
Firstly, only fresh air is refrigerated under the working condition that cross infection needs to be avoided, and circulating air is not used;
secondly, under the working condition that cross infection needs to be avoided, the temperature is kept slightly lower than the room temperature and acceptable all the year round, and the temperature difference does not exceed 3 ℃.
5. In winter, the floor is heated in a large area at low temperature, so that the indoor airflow is prevented from being interfered by a concentrated heat source (such as a radiator) or unbalanced heating (such as heating on one side of a wall). Meanwhile, the overlarge indoor vertical temperature gradient can be avoided;
6. the method implements gridding distributed control on the airflow in the open large space, follows the airflow path of 'fresh air-human body-foul air-discharge', and avoids the airflow trend of 'human body-foul air-human body':
the air return inlet (air outlet) is as close to the foul air source as possible, and the short circuit between the air supply end and the air exhaust end is avoided though the air return inlet (air outlet) is exhausted through the shortest path.
Secondly, a return air inlet is established right above the intensive people flow, the airflow direction is as vertical and upward as possible (the return air and the fresh air form a vertical direction to form vertical airflow control), and in a word, the principle is as follows: avoid the transmission of turbid qi, and discharge the turbid qi as soon as possible according to the principle II.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention, including any reference to the above-mentioned embodiments. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A building for avoiding cross-infection through indoor foul air management, comprising:
the system comprises a sealed heat-insulation house body, wherein one or more personnel gathering belts are arranged in the sealed heat-insulation house body;
the air supply system inputs fresh air into the sealed heat-insulation room body and comprises a fresh air sending end communicated with the inside of the sealed heat-insulation room body;
the air exhaust system exhausts the air containing the foul air in the sealed heat-insulation room body, and comprises a foul air receiving end communicated with the inside of the sealed heat-insulation room body;
the ventilation heat recovery system comprises an air supply conveying device communicated with a fresh air sending end inlet of the air supply system and an air exhaust conveying device communicated with a turbid air receiving end outlet of the air exhaust system, and the air supply conveying device and the air exhaust conveying device exchange heat;
the environment source heat exchange system comprises a fluid conveying device for exchanging heat with the natural environment, an inlet of the fluid conveying device is communicated with a closed internal circulation fluid, and the fluid output by the fluid conveying device exchanges heat with the air in the sealed heat-preservation room and/or the fluid output by the fluid conveying device exchanges heat with the air sent into the sealed heat-preservation room;
a refrigeration and heating system;
the method is characterized in that:
the refrigerating and heating system comprises an indoor refrigerating and heating device for refrigerating or heating the air in the sealed heat-insulating room to a set temperature and a fresh air refrigerating and heating device for refrigerating and heating fresh air sent by the air supply system to a temperature lower than the set temperature;
the indoor refrigerating and heating device is a radiation type refrigerating and heating device arranged at the bottom of the sealed heat-insulation room body;
the fresh air sending end is lower than the mouth and nose of the person gathering area, the foul air receiving end is higher than the mouth and nose of the person gathering area, one or more fresh air sending ends are arranged below one side of each person gathering area, one or more fresh air sending ends are arranged between two adjacent person gathering areas, and one or more foul air receiving ends are arranged above or right above the other side of each person gathering area;
the air sent into the sealed heat insulation house body is firstly uniformly distributed at the lower part, then flows upwards, meets a heat source, is heated, slowly flows upwards, and is pumped out of the sealed heat insulation house body at the upper part.
2. The building for avoiding cross infection through indoor foul air control of claim 1, wherein the inside of the sealed thermal insulation house is divided into a first vertical cylindrical space and a second vertical cylindrical space which are alternately arranged in sequence in a horizontal direction, the people gathering zone is arranged in the first vertical cylindrical space, the fresh air sending end is arranged in the second vertical cylindrical space, and the foul air receiving end is arranged in the first vertical cylindrical space or the second vertical cylindrical space.
3. The building for avoiding cross-infection through indoor foul air management and control of claim 1, wherein the radiant cooling and heating device is a cold and hot radiant floor.
4. The building for avoiding cross infection through indoor foul air control of claim 1, wherein the set temperature is indoor temperature, the set temperature is 20-26 ℃, and the temperature of fresh air sent by the fresh air sending end is not more than 3 ℃ lower than the set temperature.
5. The building for avoiding cross-infection through indoor foul air management and control of claim 1, wherein the fresh air delivery end is a fiber air distribution pipe.
6. The building for avoiding cross-infection through indoor climate control of claim 1, wherein said air supply system further comprises an air supply fan for supplying positive air pressure into said sealed insulated room, and said air exhaust system further comprises an air exhaust fan for exhausting negative air pressure out of said sealed insulated room.
7. The building for avoiding cross-infection through indoor climate control of claim 1, wherein said air supply system further comprises an air filter for filtering out aerosols, a disinfection device for sterilization and disinfection, and a dehumidification device for removing moisture.
8. The building for avoiding cross infection through indoor foul air management and control of claim 1, wherein the upper surface of the indoor space of the sealed and insulated house body is a low thermal conductivity surface, or the upper surface of the indoor space and the upper section of the side surface of the sealed and insulated house body are both low thermal conductivity surfaces, and the thermal conductivity coefficient of the low thermal conductivity surface is less than or equal to 0.1W/(mK).
9. The building for avoiding cross infection through indoor foul air management and control of claim 1, wherein when one personnel gathering zone is distributed in the sealed heat preservation room body, the fresh air sending end is arranged at the bottom or the corner or the lower end of the wall of the sealed heat preservation room body, the foul air receiving end is arranged at the top or the upper end of the wall of the sealed heat preservation room body, when a plurality of personnel gathering zones are distributed in the sealed heat preservation room body, the fresh air sending end is arranged at the bottom of the sealed heat preservation room body, and the foul air receiving end is arranged at the top of the sealed heat preservation room body.
10. The building for avoiding cross-infection through indoor haze management as claimed in claim 1, wherein the haze management building is one of ultra low energy building, near zero energy building, zero carbon building, carbon neutral building, energy producing house based on passive house technology.
Priority Applications (2)
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| CN202110181851.0A CN112814420A (en) | 2021-02-08 | 2021-02-08 | Building capable of avoiding cross infection through indoor foul air management and control |
| PCT/CN2021/098821 WO2022166057A1 (en) | 2021-02-08 | 2021-06-08 | Building for avoiding cross-infection by means of indoor stale air control and management |
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| CN202110181851.0A CN112814420A (en) | 2021-02-08 | 2021-02-08 | Building capable of avoiding cross infection through indoor foul air management and control |
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| WO (1) | WO2022166057A1 (en) |
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| CN113669824A (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2021-11-19 | 苏州大学 | Intelligent indoor ventilation system based on epidemic prevention function in passive room |
| WO2022166055A1 (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2022-08-11 | 苏州大学 | Displacement ventilation type building and indoor surface material for avoiding self-locking of stale air indoors |
| WO2022166057A1 (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2022-08-11 | 苏州大学 | Building for avoiding cross-infection by means of indoor stale air control and management |
| WO2022166053A1 (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2022-08-11 | 苏州大学 | Displacement ventilation type building having soft air supply function |
| WO2022166054A1 (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2022-08-11 | 苏州大学 | Displacement ventilation-type passive house |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| WO2022166057A1 (en) | 2022-08-11 |
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