CN111676478A - Preparation method of GCr15 steel surface corrosion-resistant alloy layer - Google Patents
Preparation method of GCr15 steel surface corrosion-resistant alloy layer Download PDFInfo
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- CN111676478A CN111676478A CN202010547989.3A CN202010547989A CN111676478A CN 111676478 A CN111676478 A CN 111676478A CN 202010547989 A CN202010547989 A CN 202010547989A CN 111676478 A CN111676478 A CN 111676478A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C27/00—Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
- C22C27/06—Alloys based on chromium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0052—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides
- C22C32/0057—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides based on B4C
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of a GCr15 steel surface corrosion-resistant alloy layer, which uses B4C and Cr powder are taken as coating materials to be coated on the surface of the pretreated GCr15 steel matrix material, and the coating materials are metallurgically bonded with the matrix through laser heating, so that the corrosion-resistant alloy layer is obtained. The GCr15 steel prepared by the method has a smooth surface of the alloying layer, has no defects such as cracks and air holes, and has greatly improved hardness and corrosion resistance compared with a matrix.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of material surface modification, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a GCr15 steel surface corrosion-resistant alloy layer.
Background
The GCrl5 steel is bearing steel with the widest application range, has higher hardness and wear resistance, and has important application in high and new technical fields such as aerospace, rail transit, nuclear industry and the like. However, the GCr15 steel has poor corrosion resistance, and the critical parts of the bearing prepared from the GCr15 steel often have early fatigue failure due to corrosion under severe environmental conditions, and particularly have short service life due to the action of aggressive ions such as chloride ions and the like when the bearing is in service in marine equipment. Therefore, the improvement of the corrosion resistance of the key bearing component made of GCr15 steel is of great significance to the improvement of the service life and the reliability of the bearing.
In the prior art, Chinese patent document with application number 200710193136.9 reports an ion implantation process for strengthening the surface of a GCr15 bearing steel ball, wherein two implantation elements of nitrogen and titanium are selected, 100keV implantation energy is adopted, titanium is implanted firstly and then nitrogen is implanted, and the dosage is controlled to be 2.0-3.0 × 1017Ti+2.0～3.0×1017N, thereby obtaining higher hardness and better wear resistance and corrosion resistance; the Chinese patent document with the application number of 201110317942.9 reports that the GCr15 compressor blade subjected to surface modification and the preparation process thereof have the advantages that the GCr15 bearing steel blade is subjected to integral heat treatment (quenching and low-temperature tempering), and then a Cr-Al-N film is deposited on the surface of the GCr15 bearing steel blade by adopting PVD (physical vapor deposition), so that the wear resistance and the corrosion resistance of the blade are improved. However, the above-mentioned techniques have the disadvantages of complex flow, low efficiency, high cost, and no ability to locally enhance.
Therefore, the invention provides a method for improving the surface corrosion resistance of GCr15 steel. The method of the invention utilizes laser to prepare the corrosion-resistant alloy layer on the surface of GCr15 steel. Compared with the technologies such as ion implantation, PVD and the like, the method provided by the invention is simple to operate, high in efficiency, easy to control automatically, and capable of realizing local reinforcement and the like. Therefore, the corrosion resistance of the key parts of the bearing made of GCr15 steel can be improved by the method of the invention.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a preparation method of a corrosion-resistant alloy layer on the surface of GCr15 steel, which improves the corrosion resistance of the GCr15 steel under the condition of ensuring certain hardness and prevents the GCr15 steel from early failure caused by corrosion when the GCr15 steel is in service in a marine environment.
The preparation method of the GCr15 steel surface corrosion-resistant alloy layer is characterized in that GCr15 steel is used as a base material and is used for extractingB with high surface wear resistance4And C powder and Cr powder for improving the surface corrosion resistance are used as composite coating materials and coated on GCr15 steel, and the composite coating materials and the base material are alloyed through laser heating to obtain a GCr15 steel surface corrosion-resistant alloy layer.
The preparation method of the GCr15 steel surface corrosion-resistant alloy layer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, polishing, cleaning and blow-drying the surface of a base material GCr15 steel for later use;
s2, mixing B4Mixing the C powder and the Cr powder according to a mass ratio, and performing ball milling until the mixed powder is uniform to obtain composite coating powder;
s3, mixing the ball-milled composite coating powder into uniform paste by using a binder, coating the paste on the surface of a base material GCr15 steel, keeping the thickness of the coating uniform, and naturally drying to obtain a preset powder layer;
s4, scanning the sample by adopting a fiber laser, carrying out laser alloying on the surface of the base material by adopting the composite coating material to obtain a GCr15 steel surface corrosion-resistant alloy layer, wherein the working parameters of laser scanning comprise: the laser power is 800-1200W, the scanning speed is 5-20 mm/s, the spot diameter is kept at 4mm, the lap joint rate is 30-60%, argon is blown in the laser beam scanning process, and the gas flow is 15-20L/min.
The preparation method of the GCr15 steel surface corrosion-resistant alloy layer is characterized in that the composite coating material comprises the following two components in percentage by mass: b is40 to 12 percent of C powder, 88 to 100 percent of Cr powder, preferably B45.88 percent of C powder and 94.12 percent of Cr powder.
The preparation method of the GCr15 steel surface corrosion-resistant alloy layer is characterized in that B4The particle size of the C powder is 90-110nm, preferably 100 nm; the powder particle size of the Cr powder is 95-105 μm, preferably 100 μm, and the purity is more than or equal to 99%.
The preparation method of the GCr15 steel surface corrosion-resistant alloy layer is characterized in that in the step S3, the adhesive is epoxy resin, and the mass of the adhesive and the composite coating powder is 1-3:5, preferably 2: 5.
The preparation method of the GCr15 steel surface corrosion-resistant alloy layer is characterized in that in the step S3, the thickness of the resin coating is 0.1-0.3 mm.
The preparation method of the GCr15 steel surface corrosion-resistant alloy layer is characterized in that in the step S4, the working parameters of the fiber laser are as follows: laser power is 800W, speed is 5mm/s, lap-joint rate is 60%, and laser beam scanning process B4Blowing argon in the composition of the mass percent of C and Cr, wherein the gas flow is 15L/min.
By adopting the technology, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention utilizes B4The C powder and the Cr powder are used as mixed coating materials, laser alloying is carried out on the surface of GCr15 steel, a corrosion-resistant alloying layer with higher hardness is prepared under the process parameters limited by the method, compared with the technologies such as ion implantation, PVD and the like, the corrosion-resistant alloying layer prepared by the method has the advantages that the surface is smoother, the alloying layer and the matrix have the metallurgical bonding characteristic, and B is introduced4C. Cr two kinds of powder, a corrosion-resistant alloy layer with higher hardness can be obtained, and B adopted by the method of the invention4The C powder and the Cr powder are low in price, the process flow is simple, the operation is convenient, the efficiency is high, the local selective reinforcement can be realized on the surface of the part, the early failure problem caused by corrosion when the GCr15 steel is in service in a marine environment can be avoided, and the service life of the GCr15 steel is prolonged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows that the GCr15 steel surface coating has the mass percentage composition B4Microstructure topography of the laser alloy layer with 11.1% of C powder and 88.9% of Cr powder;
FIG. 2 shows that the GCr15 steel surface coating has the mass percentage composition B4The hardness distribution curve of the laser alloy layer containing 11.1% of C powder and 88.9% of Cr powder;
FIG. 3 shows that the GCr15 steel surface coating has the mass percentage composition B4Microstructure topography of 5.88% of C powder and 94.12% of Cr powder;
FIG. 4 shows that the GCr15 steel surface coating has the mass percentage composition B4The hardness distribution curve of the laser alloy layer containing 5.88% of C powder and 94.12% of Cr powder;
FIG. 5 shows that the GCr15 steel surface coating has the mass percentage composition B4Microstructure topography of 1.56% of C powder and 98.44% of Cr powder laser alloy layer;
FIG. 6 shows that the GCr15 steel surface coating has the mass percentage composition B4Hardness distribution curve diagrams of laser alloy layers of 1.56% of C powder and 98.44% of Cr powder;
FIG. 7 shows that the GCr15 steel surface coating has the mass percentage composition B4Microstructure topography of a laser alloy layer with 0% of C powder and 100% of Cr powder;
FIG. 8 shows that the GCr15 steel surface coating has the mass percentage composition B4The hardness distribution curve of the laser alloy layer with 0% of C powder and 100% of Cr powder;
FIG. 9 is a microstructure topography of a GCr15 steel substrate;
FIG. 10 is a comparison graph of polarization curves of GCr15 steel at different mass ratios and a matrix.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
GCr15 steel is used as a base material, and the mass composition of the used coating material is B411.1% of C powder and 88.9% of Cr powder.
1) Polishing the surface of the matrix by using an angle grinder, cleaning by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying for later use;
2) b is mixed by the mass percent by a ball mill4C. Uniformly mixing Cr, using epoxy resin as a binder, uniformly coating the epoxy resin and the composite coating on the surface of the base metal in a mass ratio of 2:5, keeping the thickness uniform, and airing for later use;
3) and scanning the sample by adopting a continuous laser, wherein the using power is 800W, the diameter of a light spot is kept at 4mm, the scanning speed is 5mm/s, argon is blown to protect a molten pool and a laser lens barrel in the laser beam scanning process, and the gas flow is 15L/min.
4) The prepared alloyed layer was observed, and a hardness test and a corrosion resistance test were performed (the self-corrosion potential and the self-corrosion current density in the polarization curve were obtained from the analysis software).
5) FIG. 1 shows the texture of the sample obtained by the laser process of example 1. The alloying layer is tightly bonded with the substrate.
6) FIG. 2 shows the microhardness of the laser surface Cr alloyed coating, the hardness of the alloyed layer being up to 800HV0.2Much higher than the matrix hardness of 200 DEG V and 250HV0.2。
7) The polarization curve of the laser surface alloying coating and the polarization curve of the substrate are shown in FIG. 10, the self-corrosion potential of the substrate is-0.5773V, and the self-corrosion current density is 6.714 × 10-6A·cm-2After laser alloying, the self-corrosion potential shift is-0.5459V, which is 5.44% higher than that of the matrix, and the self-corrosion current density is reduced to 3.706 × 10%-6A·cm-2The self-corrosion current density is reduced by 44.8%, and the corrosion resistance after surface laser alloying is obviously improved.
Example 2
GCr15 steel is used as a base material, and the mass composition of the used coating material is B45.88 percent of C powder and 94.12 percent of Cr powder.
1) Polishing the surface of the matrix by using an angle grinder, cleaning by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying for later use;
2) b is mixed by the mass percent by a ball mill4C. Uniformly mixing Cr, using epoxy resin as a binder, uniformly coating the epoxy resin and the composite coating on the surface of the base metal in a mass ratio of 2:5, keeping the thickness uniform, and airing for later use;
3) and scanning the sample by adopting a continuous laser, wherein the using power is 800W, the diameter of a light spot is kept at 4mm, the scanning speed is 5mm/s, argon is blown to protect a molten pool and a laser lens barrel in the laser beam scanning process, and the gas flow is 15L/min.
4) The prepared alloyed layer was observed, and a hardness test and a corrosion resistance test were performed (the self-corrosion potential and the self-corrosion current density in the polarization curve were obtained from the analysis software).
5) FIG. 3 is the texture of the sample under the laser process of example 2. The alloying layer is tightly bonded with the substrate.
6) FIG. 4 shows a laser-treated Cr alloyed coatingThe hardness of the layer is 642HV at the highest0.2Much higher than the matrix hardness of 200 DEG V and 250HV0.2。
7) The polarization curve of the laser surface alloying coating and the polarization curve of the substrate are shown in FIG. 10, the self-corrosion potential of the substrate is-0.5773V, and the self-corrosion current density is 6.714 × 10-6A·cm-2After laser alloying, the self-corrosion potential shift is-0.5378V, which is 6.9% higher than that of the matrix, and the self-corrosion current density is reduced to 2.022 × 10%-6A·cm-2The self-corrosion current density was reduced by 70.9%.
Example 3
GCr15 steel is used as a base material, and the mass composition of the used coating material is B41.56% of C powder and 98.44% of Cr powder.
1) Polishing the surface of the matrix by using an angle grinder, cleaning by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying for later use;
2) b is mixed by the mass percent by a ball mill4C. Uniformly mixing Cr, using epoxy resin as a binder, uniformly coating the epoxy resin and the composite coating on the surface of the base metal in a mass ratio of 2:5, keeping the thickness uniform, and airing for later use;
3) and scanning the sample by adopting a continuous laser, wherein the using power is 800W, the diameter of a light spot is kept at 4mm, the scanning speed is 5mm/s, argon is blown to protect a molten pool and a laser lens barrel in the laser beam scanning process, and the gas flow is 15L/min.
4) The prepared alloyed layer was observed, and a hardness test and a corrosion resistance test were performed (the self-corrosion potential and the self-corrosion current density in the polarization curve were obtained from the analysis software).
5) FIG. 5 is the texture of the sample under the laser process of example 3. The alloying layer is tightly bonded with the substrate.
6) FIG. 6 shows the microhardness of the laser surface Cr alloyed coating, the hardness of the alloyed layer being up to 586HV0.2Much higher than the matrix hardness of 200 DEG V and 250HV0.2。
7) The polarization curve of the laser surface alloying coating and the polarization curve of the substrate are shown in FIG. 10, the self-corrosion potential of the substrate is-0.5773V, and the self-corrosionCurrent density of 6.714 × 10-6A·cm-2And the self-corrosion potential deviation after laser alloying is-0.5675V, which is improved by 1.69% compared with the matrix, and the self-corrosion current density is reduced to 3.022 × 10-6A·cm-2The self-corrosion current density was reduced by 54.9%.
Example 4
GCr15 steel is used as a base material, and the mass composition of the used coating material is B40% of C powder and 100% of Cr powder.
1) Polishing the surface of the matrix by using an angle grinder, cleaning by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying for later use;
2) b is mixed by the mass percent by a ball mill4C. Uniformly mixing Cr, using epoxy resin as a binder, uniformly coating the epoxy resin and the composite coating on the surface of the base metal in a mass ratio of 2:5, keeping the thickness uniform, and airing for later use;
3) and scanning the sample by adopting a continuous laser, wherein the using power is 800W, the diameter of a light spot is kept at 4mm, the scanning speed is 5mm/s, argon is blown to protect a molten pool and a laser lens barrel in the laser beam scanning process, and the gas flow is 15L/min.
4) The prepared alloyed layer was observed, and a hardness test and a corrosion resistance test were performed (the self-corrosion potential and the self-corrosion current density in the polarization curve were obtained from the analysis software).
5) FIG. 7 is the texture of the sample under the laser process of example 4. The alloying layer is tightly bonded with the substrate.
6) FIG. 8 is the microhardness of the laser surface Cr alloyed coating up to 530HV0.2Much higher than the matrix hardness of 200 DEG V and 250HV0.2。
7) The polarization curve of the laser surface alloying coating and the polarization curve of the substrate are shown in FIG. 10, the self-corrosion potential of the substrate is-0.5773V, and the self-corrosion current density is 6.714 × 10-6A·cm-2After alloying, the self-corrosion potential shift is-0.5655V, which is increased by 2.04% compared with the matrix, and the self-corrosion current density is reduced to 6.510 × 10-6A·cm-2The self-corrosion current density was reduced by 3.31%.
Claims (7)
1. A preparation method of a GCr15 steel surface corrosion-resistant alloy layer is characterized in that GCr15 steel is used as a base material, and B for improving the surface wear resistance of the material is used4And C powder and Cr powder for improving the surface corrosion resistance are used as composite coating materials and coated on GCr15 steel, and the composite coating materials and the base material are alloyed through laser heating to obtain a GCr15 steel surface corrosion-resistant alloy layer.
2. The method for preparing the layer of the GCr15 steel surface corrosion-resistant alloy according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
s1, polishing, cleaning and blow-drying the surface of a base material GCr15 steel for later use;
s2, mixing B4Mixing the C powder and the Cr powder according to a mass ratio, and performing ball milling until the mixed powder is uniform to obtain composite coating powder;
s3, mixing the ball-milled composite coating powder into uniform paste by using a binder, coating the paste on the surface of a base material GCr15 steel, keeping the thickness of the coating uniform, and naturally drying to obtain a preset powder layer;
s4, scanning the sample by adopting a fiber laser, carrying out laser alloying on the surface of the base material by adopting the composite coating material to obtain a GCr15 steel surface corrosion-resistant alloy layer, wherein the working parameters of laser scanning comprise: the laser power is 800-1200W, the scanning speed is 5-20 mm/s, the spot diameter is kept at 4mm, the lap joint rate is 30-60%, argon is blown in the laser beam scanning process, and the gas flow is 15-20L/min.
3. The method for preparing the GCr15 steel surface corrosion-resistant alloy layer according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the composite coating material comprises the following two components in percentage by mass: b is40 to 12 percent of C powder, 88 to 100 percent of Cr powder, preferably B45.88 percent of C powder and 94.12 percent of Cr powder.
4. The method for preparing the layer of the GCr15 steel surface anti-corrosion alloy according to claim 1, wherein B is4The particle size of the C powder is 90-110nm, preferably 100 nm;the powder particle size of the Cr powder is 95-105 μm, preferably 100 μm, and the purity is more than or equal to 99%.
5. The method for preparing the layer of the GCr15 steel surface corrosion-resistant alloy according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the binder is epoxy resin, and the mass ratio of the binder to the composite coating powder is 1-3:5, preferably 2: 5.
6. The method for preparing the layer of the GCr15 steel surface anticorrosion alloy according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the thickness of the resin coating is 0.1-0.3 mm.
7. The method for preparing the layer of the GCr15 steel surface anti-corrosion alloy according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the working parameters of the fiber laser are as follows: laser power is 800W, speed is 5mm/s, lap-joint rate is 60%, and laser beam scanning process B4Blowing argon in the composition of the mass percent of C and Cr, wherein the gas flow is 15L/min.
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| CN113894291A (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2022-01-07 | 石家庄铁道大学 | Method for melting and forming GCr15 bearing steel for high-speed rail in selective laser area |
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Application publication date: 20200918 |
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| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |