CN111218682A - Corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant iron-based laser cladding powder and laser cladding method thereof - Google Patents
Corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant iron-based laser cladding powder and laser cladding method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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Abstract
The invention provides corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant iron-based alloy powder for laser cladding and a laser cladding method thereof, wherein the alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c, carbon C: 0.2-0.5%, Cr: 26-28%, nickel Ni: 15-18%, silicon Si: 1-1.2%, manganese Mn: 0.8-1%, molybdenum Mo: 4-4.6% and the balance Fe; the iron-based alloy powder and the application method thereof can be used for cladding an alloy cladding layer with a certain thickness and specific components, the cladding layer and a substrate are metallurgically bonded, and the iron-based alloy powder has uniform structure and no defects such as pores, cracks and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant iron-based alloy powder for laser cladding and a laser cladding method thereof.
Background
The laser cladding is one of important technologies of green remanufacturing engineering, and has the advantages of small heat affected zone, small workpiece deformation, metallurgical bonding of interfaces, low dilution rate, easy automation realization of the process and the like. As a novel remanufacturing technology, the material surface strengthening and processing technology is an important material surface strengthening and processing technology, and is characterized in that a high-energy density laser beam is utilized to irradiate on the surface of a metal, and a material which is metallurgically combined with the metal and has special physical, chemical or mechanical properties is formed on the surface of a base material through rapid melting, expansion and rapid solidification, so that the properties of wear resistance, corrosion resistance and the like of the surface of the base material are obviously improved.
In the industries of mines, metallurgy, chemical industry, energy and the like, a lot of key parts are made of steel, and the steel is in a severe working environment for a long time, so that failure is caused due to abrasion, corrosion and the like, most of failure exists on the surface, and economic loss is directly caused. The iron-based alloy powder is used for repairing, and the components of the iron-based alloy powder are similar to those of a base material, and the price of the iron-based alloy powder is lower than that of a nickel-based alloy and a cobalt-based alloy, so that the corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant iron-based alloy powder is developed to meet the market demand.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant alloy powder for laser cladding, which contains specific elements, has moderate cost and obvious application effect.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the iron-based alloy powder for laser cladding comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
c, carbon C: 0.2-0.5%, Cr: 26-28%, nickel Ni: 15-18%, silicon Si: 1-1.2%, manganese Mn: 0.8-1%, molybdenum Mo: 4-4.6 percent of Fe, and the balance of Fe.
Preferably, the iron-based alloy powder for laser cladding comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
c, carbon C: 0.5%, chromium Cr: 26%, nickel Ni: 16%, silicon Si: 1%, manganese Mn: 0.8%, molybdenum Mo: 4.4%, iron Fe: 51.3 percent.
The particle size of the iron-based alloy powder for laser cladding is 45-180 mu m, and the design principle of the components of the iron-based alloy powder is as follows:
c, carbon C: 0.2 to 0.5 percent
Carbon and other alloy elements form a carbide hard phase, the hardness is high, and the carbide hard phase is distributed in a matrix as a strengthening phase. The carbon content in the range is moderate, so that the strength and the hardness of the alloy are better.
Chromium Cr: 26 to 28 percent
Chromium can form M with carbon and iron23C6、M7C3The carbide of (2) improves the hardness and wear resistance of the cladding layer. Chromium can be enriched at the grain boundary of the cladding layer, so that a layer of passivation film is formed on the surface of the cladding layer, and the corrosion resistance is improved.
Nickel Ni: 15 to 18 percent of
The nickel content can improve the strength of the steel without obviously reducing the toughness, and the nickel has less influence on the toughness, the plasticity and other processing properties of the cladding layer than other alloy elements while improving the strength. The addition of nickel can not only resist acid, but also resist alkali, and has corrosion resistance to atmosphere and salt.
Silicon Si: 1-1.2%
In laser remanufacturing and repairing, the silicon can reduce the melting point of alloy powder, improve the fluidity of a molten pool and the wettability to a matrix, and is combined with oxygen to form borosilicate to cover the surface of the molten pool, so that the effect of deoxidation and slagging can be achieved, and the oxidation of a cladding layer can be avoided. The silicon content is too low to play a role in deoxidation and slagging, and the residual silicon content in the cladding layer is increased when the silicon content is too high, so that the crack sensitivity of the cladding layer is enhanced, and the mechanical property is poor, therefore, the silicon content is set to be 1-1.2 percent as alloy powder for laser remanufacturing and repairing.
Mn：0.8-1％
The manganese can properly improve the strength and the hardness of the cladding layer, but the manganese content is too high, so that the manganese is easy to combine with oxygen in the laser remanufacturing process to form oxides to be retained in the cladding layer, and the mechanical property of the cladding layer is reduced. Therefore, the manganese content is set to 0.8 to 1%.
Mo：4-4.6％
The Mo has strong atom binding capacity, is easy to form a compound reinforcing phase with alloy elements such as C and the like, has small thermal expansion coefficient and good thermal conductivity, and can improve the strength and the toughness of a cladding layer when being added into the cladding layer.
The invention also provides an application method of the iron-based alloy powder for laser cladding, which comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of a base material: taking 25Cr steel as a cladding base material, polishing rust and oil stains on the surface of the base material by using 600-mesh sand paper, keeping the surface of the base material smooth, cleaning the surface by using 95% alcohol, and keeping the base material dry and clean;
(2) powder pretreatment: placing the iron-based alloy powder in a drying box, setting the temperature at 120 ℃, and drying for 0.5 h;
(3) laser cladding: placing the dried powder in a powder feeder, and carrying out laser cladding by adopting an optical fiber coupling semiconductor laser in a synchronous powder feeding manner to obtain a cladding layer; the laser cladding process parameters are as follows: the laser power is 2500-;
the cladding layer obtained has a monolayer thickness of 1-1.2 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the iron-based alloy powder and the application method thereof can be used for cladding an alloy cladding layer with a certain thickness and specific components, the cladding layer and a substrate are metallurgically bonded, and the iron-based alloy powder has uniform structure and no defects such as pores, cracks and the like.
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FIG. 1 is a graph of the morphology of the cladding layers of examples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 at different carbon contents, a.0.2wt.% carbon content cladding layer; 0.5 wt.% carbon content cladding layer; c.0.8 wt.% carbon content cladding layer; 1.1 wt.% carbon content cladding layer; e.1.4 wt.% carbon content cladding layer.
FIG. 2 is a graph of the coefficient of friction of the cladding layers for different carbon contents for examples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
FIG. 3 is a plot of polarization of the cladding layers of examples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 with different carbon contents.
FIG. 4 is a flaw detection plot of the cladding layers of examples 1, 2, 3, 4, a.0.2wt.% carbon content; 0.5 wt.% carbon content cladding layer; c.0.8 wt.% carbon content cladding layer; d.1.1 wt.% carbon content cladding layer.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples, which are provided for illustration only, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
The alloy powder of the embodiment comprises the following elements by mass percent: 0.2%, chromium Cr: 26.0%, nickel Ni: 16.0%, silicon Si: 1.0%, manganese Mn: 0.8%, molybdenum Mo: 4.4%, iron Fe: 51.6 percent and the particle size range is 45-180 mu m. And carrying out single-pass cladding and multi-pass 3-layer lap joint and groove filling experiments by means of laser.
Example 2
The alloy powder of the embodiment comprises the following elements by mass percent: 0.5%, chromium Cr: 26.0%, nickel Ni: 16.0%, silicon Si: 1.0%, manganese Mn: 0.8%, molybdenum Mo: 4.4%, iron Fe: 51.3 percent and the particle size range is 45-180 mu m. And carrying out single-pass cladding and multi-pass 3-layer lap joint and groove filling experiments by means of laser.
Example 3
The alloy powder of the embodiment comprises the following elements by mass percent: 0.8%, chromium Cr: 26.0%, nickel Ni: 16.0%, silicon Si: 1.0%, manganese Mn: 0.8%, molybdenum Mo: 4.4%, iron Fe: 51.0 percent and the particle size range is 45-180 mu m. And carrying out single-pass cladding and multi-pass 3-layer lap joint and groove filling experiments by means of laser.
Example 4
The alloy powder of the embodiment comprises the following elements by mass percent: 1.1%, chromium Cr: 26.0%, nickel Ni: 16.0%, silicon Si: 1.0%, manganese Mn: 0.8%, molybdenum Mo: 4.4%, iron Fe: 50.7 percent, and the particle size range is 45-180 mu m. And carrying out single-pass cladding and multi-pass 3-layer lap joint and groove filling experiments by means of laser.
Example 5
The alloy powder of the embodiment comprises the following elements by mass percent: 1.4%, chromium Cr: 26.0%, nickel Ni: 16.0%, silicon Si: 1.0%, manganese Mn: 0.8%, molybdenum Mo: 4.4%, iron Fe: 50.4 percent, and the particle size range is 45-180 mu m. And carrying out single-pass cladding by means of laser, and overlapping 3 layers of a plurality of passes.
Cladding the iron-based alloy powders of examples 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, specifically, the following operation method was performed:
cladding matrix pretreatment: the surface of the cladding substrate made of 25Cr steel is polished to be smooth by 600-mesh sand paper, and then oil stains and rusts on the surface are cleaned by ethanol solution with the concentration of 95%.
Cladding powder pretreatment: drying the powder in a drying oven at 120 deg.C for 30 min. And after drying and cooling, putting the powder into a powder feeder.
The cladding process comprises the following steps: an optical fiber coupling semiconductor laser is adopted, and a mode of synchronous powder feeding cladding is adopted. Adjusting the spot size of the laser to
The power was set to 3000W, the scanning speed was 6mm/s, and the powder feeding rate was 12 g/min.
The single-pass cladding layers of examples 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 were cut into samples by wire cutting, and after the processes of inlaying, polishing and etching, the morphology of the cladding layers was observed under an optical microscope, as shown in fig. 1.
The multi-pass lap cladding layers of examples 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 were tested in a friction and wear test, the specific test results are shown in table 1, wherein the friction and wear test method is as follows: firstly, the prepared cladding layer is cut into samples with the size of 20 multiplied by 5mm by utilizing linear cutting, the abrasion loss is tested in a friction abrasion tester, 20N is loaded, the rotating speed is 340r/min, the abrasion time is 1h, and the friction coefficient curve is shown in figure 2.
TABLE 1 weight loss for cladding layers of different carbon content
| Examples | Abrasion loss/mg |
| Example 1 | 44.1 |
| Example 2 | 27.5 |
| Example 3 | 20.4 |
| Example 4 | 17.05 |
| Example 5 | 8.55 |
The multi-channel lap-joint cladding layers prepared in the examples 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 are subjected to an electrochemical corrosion test, and specific detection results are shown in a table 2, wherein the electrochemical corrosion test method comprises the following steps: firstly, cutting the prepared cladding layer into samples with the size of 10 multiplied by 3mm by utilizing linear cutting, grinding and polishing the surfaces of the samples, then testing the polarization curve of the alloy cladding layer by adopting 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution on a CHI660E electrochemical workstation, and representing the corrosion resistance of the prepared cladding layer by using the self-corrosion potential and the corrosion current, wherein the polarization curve is shown as figure 3.
TABLE 2 Corrosion Current and Corrosion potential at different carbon contents
The surface flaw detection was performed on the trapezoidal grooves clad in examples 1, 2, 3 and 4, as shown in fig. 4. Cracks appear when the grooves of the examples 3 and 4 are not filled, namely, the cracks appear in the grooves under the influence of thermal stress in the case of large-area cladding, and the grooves extend to the surface.
When the carbon content is 0.8% or more, cracks appear in the cladding layer, and the carbon content is not preferably selected as the carbon content of the powder for cladding, so that the corrosion resistance and the wear resistance of the cladding layer are compared under the condition of 0.2% carbon content and 0.5% carbon content. From the viewpoint of the average corrosion current density, although the increase in the carbon content causes the increase in the average corrosion current density, the coatings themselves having the carbon contents of 0.2% and 0.5% are sufficiently strong in corrosion resistance. However, since the abrasion loss is remarkably reduced when the carbon content is increased from 0.2% to 0.5%, the powder having a carbon content of 0.5% is finally selected as a research and development target.
Comparative example 1:
0Cr18Ni10Ti austenitic stainless steel is used as an important material of aeromechanical parts, and the excellent performance of the austenitic stainless steel directly determines the use performance of aeromechanical equipment. In the long-term operation process of parts, 0Cr18Ni10Ti austenitic stainless steel material has the non-negligible defects, namely poor wear resistance is one of the defects, the material needs to be carburized to improve the wear resistance and hardness, and the performance of the material is improved by a low-temperature gas carburizing process (Muyumei, Yang bin. aviation parts 0Cr18Ni10Ti austenitic stainless steel carburized layer wear resistance research [ J ] casting technology, 2017,38(02): 342) 344.).
Chemical composition of 0Cr18Ni10Ti steel
| C | Si | Mn | Cr | Ni | S | P | Ti | Fe |
| 0.08 | 0.98 | 1.89 | 16.77 | 11.35 | <0.03 | <0.045 | 0.40 | Balance of |
The friction coefficients of the 0Cr18Ni10Ti austenitic stainless steel and the low-temperature carburized layer are almost similar under the condition of high speed by comparing the friction coefficients under different rotating speeds; the friction coefficient of the austenitic stainless steel is higher than that of the low-temperature carburized layer under the condition of low speed.
The friction coefficient and the wear rate of the low-temperature carburized layer and the austenitic stainless steel at different rotating speeds are compared
Comparative example 2:
at 400 ℃ and 2Pa, the ion nitriding (PN), ion nitrocarburizing (PNC) and ion nitrocarburizing and ion nitriding composite (PNC + PN) treatment of 316L austenitic stainless steel are carried out by utilizing hollow cathode direct current arc assistance (Wumengze, Lifulun, Chenshijia, Pengzhou, low-temperature low-pressure plasma arc assistance ion nitriding 316L stainless steel wear resistance and corrosion resistance [ J ] surface technology, 2017,46(12): 118-.
Chemical composition of base material 316L austenitic stainless steel
| C | Si | Mn | P | S | Ni | Cr | Mo |
| 0.025 | 0.39 | 0.95 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 9.90 | 16.27 | 1.95 |
Corrosion potential and corrosion current density in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution for 316L stainless steel substrates and different treated samples
| Test specimen | Average corrosion current density/A cm-2 | Corrosion potential/V |
| Untreated | 4.866×10-6 | -0.487 |
| PN | 4.292×10-6 | -0.216 |
| PNC | 4.667×10-6 | -0.250 |
| PNC+PN | 2.561×10-6 | -0.460 |
As seen from comparative example 1, the wear resistance of the matrix was improved after carburizing. However, the austenitic stainless steel material is carburized for 72 hours by low-temperature gas at 450 ℃, and the process is complicated. Compared with the powder material mentioned in the text, the composition of the powder material is similar to that of 0Cr18Ni10Ti austenitic stainless steel, and the formed cladding layer has the similar wear resistance to the carburized layer, so that the powder material can be used as a more convenient alternative method than carburization.
As seen from comparative example 2, the surface of 316L was treated by ion nitrocarburizing plus ion nitriding complex method (PNC + PN), which improves the corrosion resistance of the surface of 316L. The powder used in the method achieves the corrosion resistance effect similar to that of a PNC + PN composite method by ion nitrocarburizing and ion nitriding after laser cladding, and the process is simpler.
Claims (4)
1. The iron-based alloy powder for laser cladding is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass:
c, carbon C: 0.2-0.5%, Cr: 26-28%, nickel Ni: 15-18%, silicon Si: 1-1.2%, manganese Mn: 0.8-1%, molybdenum Mo: 4-4.6 percent of Fe, and the balance of Fe.
2. The iron-based alloy powder for laser cladding according to claim 1, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
c, carbon C: 0.5%, chromium Cr: 26%, nickel Ni: 16%, silicon Si: 1%, manganese Mn: 0.8%, molybdenum Mo: 4.4%, iron Fe: 51.3 percent.
3. The application method of the iron-based alloy powder for laser cladding according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of a base material: taking 25Cr steel as a cladding base material, polishing rust and oil stains on the surface of the base material by using 600-mesh sand paper, keeping the surface of the base material smooth, cleaning the surface by using 95% alcohol, and keeping the base material dry and clean;
(2) powder pretreatment: putting the iron-based alloy powder into a drying box, setting the temperature at 120 ℃, and drying for 0.5 h;
(3) laser cladding: placing the dried powder in a powder feeder, and carrying out laser cladding by adopting an optical fiber coupling semiconductor laser in a synchronous powder feeding manner to obtain a cladding layer; the laser cladding process parameters are as follows: the laser power is 2500-3000W, the diameter of a light spot is 5mm, the scanning speed is 6-8mm/s, the protective gas is nitrogen or argon, the flow rate of the protective gas is 12L/min, the powder feeding gas is nitrogen or argon, and the powder feeding speed is 10-12 g/min.
4. The use according to claim 3, wherein the cladding layer obtained in step (3) has a monolayer thickness of 1 to 1.2 mm.
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| CN113776941A (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2021-12-10 | 沈阳工业大学 | Method for testing interface bonding strength of laser cladding stainless steel cladding layer |
| CN113957356A (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2022-01-21 | 江苏智仁景行新材料研究院有限公司 | Iron-based alloy for corrosion-resistant coating and application |
| CN115094416A (en) * | 2022-06-28 | 2022-09-23 | 兰州理工大学 | Method for preparing stainless steel-based high-hardness wear-resistant corrosion-resistant alloy and product thereof |
| CN115233220A (en) * | 2022-08-04 | 2022-10-25 | 沈阳大陆激光先进制造技术创新有限公司 | Wear-resistant material for laser cladding carbon and boron common reinforcement |
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| CN115341168A (en) * | 2022-06-28 | 2022-11-15 | 江苏甬金金属科技有限公司 | Preparation method of stainless steel band based on nitriding treatment |
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