CN116121751B - Self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating and ultra-high-speed laser cladding method thereof - Google Patents
Self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating and ultra-high-speed laser cladding method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating, which is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: in addition, the invention also provides an ultra-high-speed laser cladding method of the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating, wherein the Ti-based powder, the TiBCN powder and the nickel-coated graphite powder form composite powder which is clad on the surface of the titanium alloy through an ultra-high-speed laser cladding technology to form the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating. The self-lubricating wear-resistant coating is prepared on the surface of the titanium alloy by using an ultra-high-speed laser cladding technology, so that the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating which is crack-free, pore-free, compact in structure and fine in crystal grain is obtained, the prepared self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating is metallurgically bonded with the titanium alloy, has low friction coefficient and wear rate, improves the wear resistance of the surface of the titanium alloy, and has wide application prospect as the self-lubricating wear-resistant coating.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of material surface strengthening, and particularly relates to a self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating and an ultra-high-speed laser cladding method thereof.
Background
The titanium alloy is a plurality of alloy metals made of titanium and other metals, has high strength, small density, good mechanical property, excellent biocompatibility, good toughness and corrosion resistance, and is widely applied to pressure vessels, aeroengines, nuclear industry evaporators and the like. Despite the wide range of applications of titanium and its alloys, there are still some challenges that need to be overcome, such as lower hardness, poorer wear resistance, and susceptibility to adhesive wear.
In order to improve the hardness and wear resistance of the titanium alloy, a layer of high-hardness wear-resistant alloy powder is prepared on the surface by adopting technologies such as thermal spraying, micro-arc plasma, laser cladding and the like, so that the surface hardness and wear resistance can be greatly improved, but the obtained coating has a thicker thickness, is difficult to assemble on precise equipment, or still needs to be subjected to post-treatment by machining.
The ultra-high speed laser cladding technology is to converge laser beam, molten pool and powder at a position higher than the upper surface of the molten pool, so that the converged powder enters the molten pool after being irradiated and melted by laser to form metallurgical bonding with a matrix, and the surface performance of a workpiece can be obviously improved. Compared with the traditional laser cladding, electroplating, overlaying welding, thermal spraying and the like, the method has the advantages of low dilution rate, high bonding strength, low surface roughness and the like, and can replace the traditional electroplating technology.
The patent with application number 202010024032.0 discloses a high-temperature-resistant composite coating on the surface of a titanium alloy based on laser cladding, wherein the composite material is prepared from 30-60% of Ni-based alloy powder, 30-50% of TiBCN powder and 10-30% of Nb powder in percentage by mass. The coating forms a metallurgically bonded high-temperature-resistant composite coating on the surface of the titanium alloy by a laser cladding technology, however, the prepared high-temperature composite coating has high dilution rate, is easy to cause deformation of a matrix, and has residual stress.
The patent with application number 201710167037.7 discloses a ceramic composite material for laser cladding of a titanium alloy surface, which is prepared by mixing 20-65wt% of Ti powder, 25-75wt% of TiBCN ceramic powder and 2-10wt% of B4C powder. The composite ceramic cladding coating is prepared by a laser cladding technology, however, the problems of air holes and crack defects of the composite ceramic cladding coating are not fundamentally solved.
Research on Ti6Al4V surface laser cladding Ti/TiBCN composite coating [ J ]. Surface technique, 2018, 47 (12): 142-148. A Ti/TiBCN composite coating is prepared on the Ti6Al4V surface by adopting the laser cladding technique is disclosed in the specification. However, the cladding layer has many defects such as pores, cracks, residual stress, etc., and the laser cladding technology has the problem of high dilution rate and easy deformation of the substrate.
Therefore, it is desirable to provide a self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating and a laser cladding method thereof.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problemsAiming at the defects of the prior art, the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating is provided. The self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating is formed by adopting Ti-based powder, tiBCN powder and nickel-coated graphite powder, wherein the Ti-based powder is used as a matrix, the TiBCN is a ceramic phase to improve the wear-resistant effect, the nickel-coated graphite powder plays a role in lubrication, and three materials are mutually matched to form TiBCN and TiB 2 Ti (CN) and TiN hard phase and high-strength NiTi phase, and the nickel-coated graphite is heated to decompose and form a carbon self-lubricating phase, so that the self-lubricating and wear-resisting performances of the coating are further improved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating is characterized by being prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 60% -80% of Ti-based powder, 10% -30% of TiBCN powder and 10% -30% of nickel-coated graphite powder. The self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating is prepared by adopting Ti-based powder, tiBCN powder and nickel-coated graphite powder, wherein the Ti-based powder is used as a matrix, the TiBCN is a ceramic phase to improve the wear-resistant effect, and the nickel-coated graphite powder plays a role in lubrication.
The self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating is characterized in that the Ti-based powder comprises TC4, TC11, niTi50 or Ti48Al2Cr2Nb, the TiBCN powder is ceramic powder prepared by a boronizing method, and the TiBCN powder comprises the following components in percentage by atom: 21% -28% of Ti,22% -26% of B, 19% -26% of C and 21% -27% of N, wherein the nickel-coated graphite powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10% -40% of C and 60% -90% of Ni. The self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating of different matrixes is prepared by controlling the components of Ti-based powder, is suitable for different working conditions, and basically controls Ti, B, C, N elements to be 1 by controlling the components of TiBCN powder: 1:1:1, the performance of TiBCN powder is guaranteed, so that the performance of the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating is guaranteed to be optimal, and the components of nickel-coated graphite powder are controlled, so that the performance of the nickel-coated graphite powder is guaranteed, and the performance of the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating is guaranteed to be optimal.
The self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating is characterized in that the granularity of the Ti-based powder, the TiBCN powder and the nickel-coated graphite powder is 15-45 mu m. The invention ensures certain fluidity in the subsequent preparation by controlling the granularity of Ti-based powder, tiBCN powder and nickel-coated graphite powder, is convenient for the preparation of self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating, and simultaneously prevents the defects of powder splashing and low powder utilization rate in the cladding process caused by overlarge granularity of the powder.
In addition, the invention also provides an ultra-high-speed laser cladding method of the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, mixing Ti-based powder, tiBCN powder and nickel-coated graphite powder, and then vacuum drying to obtain mixed powder;
polishing and cleaning the surface of the titanium alloy to obtain a clean matrix;
and thirdly, performing ultra-high-speed laser cladding on the clean substrate obtained in the second step by adopting the mixed powder obtained in the first step as a raw material, and obtaining the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating on the surface of the clean substrate.
The method comprises the steps of firstly mixing Ti-based powder, tiBCN powder and nickel-coated graphite powder in a planetary ball mill for at least 2 hours, fully and uniformly mixing, then removing moisture in the Ti-based powder, naturally cooling the Ti-coated graphite powder after vacuum drying, polishing the surface of the titanium alloy by using metallographic sand paper to remove a surface oxide film, cleaning surface greasy dirt by using ultrasonic absolute ethyl alcohol, drying the surface of the titanium alloy, removing impurities on the surface of the titanium alloy, obtaining a smooth and clean substrate, and cladding the surface of the clean substrate by using ultra-high-speed laser to obtain the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating.
The method is characterized in that the temperature of the vacuum drying in the first step is 90-100 ℃ and the time is 2-3 hours. The invention ensures the effect of vacuum drying by controlling the parameters of vacuum drying and fully removes the moisture in the raw materials.
The method is characterized in that the parameters of the ultra-high speed laser cladding in the step three are as follows: and (3) adopting a coaxial powder feeding method, wherein the powder feeding air flow is 2-6L/min, the powder feeding speed is 18-24 g/min, the laser power is 180-2600W, a plurality of laser scans are performed at a scanning speed of 10-22 m/min, the scanning paths show reciprocating scanning, the scanning speed between each pass and the next pass is 0.3-0.8 mm/s, and the lap joint rate is 60-80%. The invention ensures that the cladding surface is smoother, the degree of automation is high, the penetration is small, the heat input is low, and the powder is heated uniformly by adopting the coaxial powder feeding method and controlling the powder feeding air flow; according to the invention, by controlling the powder feeding speed, the laser power and the scanning speed, ultra-high-speed laser cladding is carried out, so that the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating which is free of cracks, free of air holes, compact in structure and fine in crystal grains is obtained, and the prepared self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating is metallurgically bonded with a titanium alloy substrate, so that the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating has low friction coefficient and wear rate, and the wear resistance of the titanium alloy surface is improved; according to the invention, the scanning speed between each pass and the next pass is 0.3-0.8 mm/s, the cladding layer is composed of a single-pass molten pool, and when one pass is melted and the next pass is melted, the laser head needs to travel reversely, so that the scanning speed between each pass and the next pass is the speed between one pass and the next pass, the speed is much lower than the normal cladding speed, the damage to a machine is reduced, and the ultrahigh-speed laser cladding effect is improved.
The invention adopts argon as powder feeding gas and shielding gas, the diameter of a light spot of an optical fiber laser is set to be 2mm, a laser head of the laser is aligned to the surface of a workpiece to be clad, and the mixed powder is melted and then forms a metallurgically bonded composite coating with a matrix; the laser head scans the surface of the workpiece in a preset range to finish the continuous cladding of the surface of the workpiece in the preset range, the heat source of the invention is a laser beam, and the energy density of the laser beam is as high as 1011J/m 3 The cladding powder and the matrix can be melted rapidly, and the molten liquid metal is cooled rapidly in the air along with the movement of the laser beam, the cooling speed is as high as 10 6 K/s, belonging to the rapid solidification process.
The method is characterized in that the thickness of the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating in the third step is 100-500 mu m. The invention controls the thickness of the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating and meets the use requirements of different working conditions.
The method is characterized in that the average friction coefficient of the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating in the third step is 0.1-0.2, and the hardness is450HV 0.2 ~620HV 0.2 The abrasion rate was 3X 10 -7 mm 3 /N·m~3.5×10 -7 mm 3 N.m. The invention adopts the ultra-high speed laser cladding technology to form the self-lubricating wear-resistant coating with compact structure on the surface of the titanium alloy, thereby obviously improving the surface hardness and wear resistance of the titanium alloy.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating is formed by adopting Ti-based powder, tiBCN powder and nickel-coated graphite powder, wherein the Ti-based powder is taken as a matrix, the TiBCN is a ceramic phase to improve the wear-resistant effect, the nickel-coated graphite powder plays a role in lubrication, and three materials are mutually matched to form TiBCN and TiB 2 Ti (CN) and TiN hard phase and high-strength NiTi phase, and the nickel-coated graphite is heated to decompose and form a carbon self-lubricating phase, so that the self-lubricating and wear-resisting performances of the coating are further improved.
2. The self-lubricating wear-resistant coating is prepared on the surface of the titanium alloy by the ultra-high-speed laser cladding technology through rapid heating and rapid cooling, so that the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating which is crack-free, pore-free, compact in structure and fine in crystal grains is obtained, and the prepared self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating is metallurgically bonded with a titanium alloy substrate, has low friction coefficient and wear rate, and improves the wear resistance of the surface of the titanium alloy.
3. The self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating has high surface hardness, smaller average friction coefficient and low wear rate than other coatings, and the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite material and the preparation method can repair the surface wear of parts, prolong the service life of parts and solve the problem of wasting resources and energy sources. Has the advantages of scientific and reasonable method, strong applicability, good effect and the like.
4. The ultra-high-speed laser cladding preparation technology has the advantages of high automation degree, simple operation, energy conservation and little pollution.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail through the drawings and the embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of a cross section of a self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows the average microhardness of the self-lubricating abrasion-resistant composite coatings prepared in examples 1-6 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
firstly, adding 650g of TC4 powder, 150g of TiBCN powder and 200g of nickel-coated graphite powder into a ball mill, fully mixing for 4 hours, and naturally cooling after drying for 2.5 hours in a vacuum drying oven at 95 ℃ to obtain mixed powder; the granularity of the powder is 15-45 mu m; the TiBCN powder is ceramic powder prepared by a boronizing method, and consists of the following components in percentage by atom: 26% Ti,25% B, 23% C and 26% N, wherein the nickel-coated graphite powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 25% C and 75% Ni;
step two, sequentially polishing the surface of the TC11 titanium alloy step by using 360#, 400#, 800# and 1000# abrasive paper, ultrasonically cleaning the surface in ethanol solution with the mass fraction of 99% for 10min, and drying to obtain a clean matrix;
step three, adopting the mixed powder obtained in the step one as a raw material to carry out ultra-high-speed laser cladding on the clean substrate obtained in the step two, and obtaining the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating on the surface of the clean substrate; the parameters of the ultra-high speed laser cladding are as follows: by adopting a coaxial powder feeding method, argon is used as carrier gas and shielding gas, the powder feeding flow is 4L/min, the powder feeding speed is 19g/min, the laser power is 2000W, the multi-channel laser scanning is carried out at the scanning speed of 12m/min, the scanning path presents reciprocating scanning, the scanning speed between each pass and the next pass is 0.4mm/s, and the lap joint rate is 80%.
Through detection, the thickness of the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating prepared in the embodiment is 450 mu m, the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating prepared in the embodiment is tested for hardness change from the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating to a titanium alloy matrix by using a micro Vickers hardness tester, 200g is loaded, pressure is maintained for 10s, the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating prepared in the embodiment is tested by adopting an MFT-4000 type reciprocating friction wear testing machine, and a friction pair is selected from Si 3 N 4 Ceramic pellets, radius 3mm, set load 10N,the friction speed is 50mm/min, the friction length is 5mm, the wear time is 30min, and the wear volume is measured by using a probe type surface abrasion mark measuring instrument, so that the average friction coefficient of the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating prepared in the embodiment is 0.162, and the hardness is 470HV 0.2 The abrasion rate is 3.2 multiplied by 10 - 7 mm 3 The average friction coefficient of the TC11 titanium alloy was 0.379, and the wear rate was 1.02X10 -6 mm 3 /N·m。
Fig. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of a cross section of a self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating prepared in this embodiment, and as can be seen from fig. 1, the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating prepared in this embodiment has no cracks, no pores and dense structure.
Example 2
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, adding 655g of NiTi50 powder, 220g of TiBCN powder and 125g of nickel-coated graphite powder into a ball mill, fully mixing for 3 hours, and then naturally cooling after drying in a vacuum drying oven at 98 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain mixed powder; the granularity of the powder is 15-45 mu m; the TiBCN powder is ceramic powder prepared by a boronizing method, and consists of the following components in percentage by atom: 28% of Ti,22% of B, 26% of C and 24% of N, wherein the nickel-coated graphite powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40% C and 60% Ni;
step two, sequentially polishing the surface of the TC11 titanium alloy step by using 360#, 400#, 800# and 1000# abrasive paper, ultrasonically cleaning the surface in ethanol solution with the mass fraction of 99% for 10min, and drying to obtain a clean matrix;
step three, adopting the mixed powder obtained in the step one as a raw material to carry out ultra-high-speed laser cladding on the clean substrate obtained in the step two, and obtaining the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating on the surface of the clean substrate; the parameters of the ultra-high speed laser cladding are as follows: by adopting a coaxial powder feeding method, argon is used as carrier gas and shielding gas, the powder feeding flow is 5L/min, the powder feeding speed is 20g/min, the laser power is 2200W, the multi-channel laser scanning is carried out at the scanning speed of 16m/min, the scanning path presents reciprocating scanning, the scanning speed between each pass and the next pass is 0.6mm/s, and the lap joint rate is 75%.
Through detection, the thickness of the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating prepared in the embodiment is 350 mu m, the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating prepared in the embodiment is tested for hardness change from the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating to a titanium alloy matrix by using a micro Vickers hardness tester, 200g is loaded, pressure is maintained for 10s, the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating prepared in the embodiment is tested by adopting an MFT-4000 type reciprocating friction wear testing machine, and a friction pair is selected from Si 3 N 4 The ceramic pellets, the radius of which is 3mm, the set load is 10N, the friction speed is 50mm/min, the friction length is 5mm, the wear time is 30min, and the probe type surface abrasion mark measuring instrument is used for measuring the wear volume, so that the average friction coefficient of the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating prepared in the embodiment is 0.171, and the hardness is 478HV 0.2 The abrasion rate is 3.03X10 - 7 mm 3 The average friction coefficient of the TC4 titanium alloy was 0.358, and the wear rate was 1.3X10 -6 mm 3 /N·m。
The self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating prepared by the embodiment has no cracks, no air holes, compact structure and fine grains.
Example 3
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
adding 600g Ti48Al2Cr2Nb powder, 300g of TiBCN powder and 100g of nickel-coated graphite powder into a ball mill, fully mixing for 3 hours, and then drying in a vacuum drying oven at 93 ℃ for 2 hours and naturally cooling to obtain mixed powder; the granularity of the powder is 15-45 mu m; the TiBCN powder is ceramic powder prepared by a boronizing method, and consists of the following components in percentage by atom: 27% of Ti,25% of B, 23% of C and 25% of N, wherein the nickel-coated graphite powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 35% C and 65% Ni;
step two, sequentially polishing the surface of the NiTi50 titanium alloy step by using 360# abrasive paper, 400# abrasive paper, 800# abrasive paper and 1000# abrasive paper, ultrasonically cleaning the surface of the NiTi50 titanium alloy in ethanol solution with the mass fraction of 99% for 10min, and drying the surface of the NiTi50 titanium alloy to obtain a clean substrate;
step three, adopting the mixed powder obtained in the step one as a raw material to carry out ultra-high-speed laser cladding on the clean substrate obtained in the step two, and obtaining the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating on the surface of the clean substrate; the parameters of the ultra-high speed laser cladding are as follows: by adopting a coaxial powder feeding method, argon is used as carrier gas and shielding gas, the powder feeding flow is 5L/min, the powder feeding speed is 23g/min, the laser power is 2400W, the scanning speed of 22m/min is used for carrying out multi-channel laser scanning, the scanning path presents reciprocating scanning, the scanning speed between each pass and the next pass is 0.5mm/s, and the lap joint rate is 80%.
Through detection, the thickness of the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating prepared in the embodiment is 320 mu m, the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating prepared in the embodiment is tested for hardness change from the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating to a titanium alloy matrix by using a micro Vickers hardness tester, 200g is loaded, pressure is maintained for 10s, the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating prepared in the embodiment is tested by adopting an MFT-4000 type reciprocating friction wear testing machine, and a friction pair is selected from Si 3 N 4 The ceramic pellets with the radius of 3mm, the set load of 10N, the friction speed of 50mm/min, the friction length of 5mm and the wear time of 30min are measured by using a probe type surface abrasion mark measuring instrument to measure the wear volume, and the average friction coefficient of the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating prepared in the embodiment is 0.166, and the hardness is 495HV 0.2 Wear rate of 3.4X10 - 7 mm 3 The average friction coefficient of the NiTi50 titanium alloy is 0.368 and the wear rate is 1.25X10 -6 mm 3 /N·m。
The self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating prepared by the embodiment has no cracks, no air holes, compact structure and fine grains.
Example 4
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
adding 700g of TC11 powder, 100g of TiBCN powder and 200g of nickel-coated graphite powder into a ball mill, fully mixing for 4 hours, and then drying in a vacuum drying oven at 94 ℃ for 2 hours and naturally cooling to obtain mixed powder; the granularity of the powder is 15-45 mu m; the TiBCN powder is ceramic powder prepared by a boronizing method, and consists of the following components in percentage by atom: 27% of Ti,24% of B, 25% of C and 24% of N, wherein the nickel-coated graphite powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 35% C and 65% Ni;
step two, sequentially polishing the surface of the Ti48Al2Cr2Nb titanium alloy step by using 360# abrasive paper, 400# abrasive paper, 800# abrasive paper and 1000# abrasive paper, ultrasonically cleaning the surface in ethanol solution with the mass fraction of 99% for 10min, and drying to obtain a clean matrix;
step three, adopting the mixed powder obtained in the step one as a raw material to carry out ultra-high-speed laser cladding on the clean substrate obtained in the step two, and obtaining the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating on the surface of the clean substrate; the parameters of the ultra-high speed laser cladding are as follows: by adopting a coaxial powder feeding method, argon is used as carrier gas and shielding gas, the powder feeding flow is 4L/min, the powder feeding speed is 22g/min, the laser power is 2500W, the multi-channel laser scanning is carried out at the scanning speed of 21m/min, the scanning path presents reciprocating scanning, the scanning speed between each pass and the next pass is 0.5mm/s, and the lap joint rate is 65%.
Through detection, the thickness of the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating prepared in the embodiment is 200 mu m, the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating prepared in the embodiment is tested for hardness change from the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating to a titanium alloy matrix by using a micro Vickers hardness tester, 200g is loaded, pressure is maintained for 10s, the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating prepared in the embodiment is tested by adopting an MFT-4000 type reciprocating friction wear testing machine, and a friction pair is selected from Si 3 N 4 The ceramic pellets, the radius of which is 3mm, the set load is 10N, the friction speed is 50mm/min, the friction length is 5mm, the wear time is 30min, and the probe type surface abrasion mark measuring instrument is used for measuring the wear volume, so that the average friction coefficient of the self-lubricating abrasion-resistant composite coating prepared in the embodiment is 0.173, and the hardness is 525HV 0.2 Wear rate of 3.24X10 - 7 mm 3 The average friction coefficient of the Ti48Al2Cr2Nb titanium alloy was 0.325 and the wear rate was 1.16X10 -6 mm 3 /N·m。
The self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating prepared by the embodiment has no cracks, no air holes, compact structure and fine grains.
Example 5
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
adding 800g of TC11 powder, 200g of TiBCN powder and 150g of nickel-coated graphite powder into a ball mill, fully mixing for 4 hours, and then drying in a vacuum drying oven at 94 ℃ for 2 hours and naturally cooling to obtain mixed powder; the granularity of the powder is 15-45 mu m; the TiBCN powder is ceramic powder prepared by a boronizing method, and consists of the following components in percentage by atom: 28% of Ti,26% of B, 19% of C and 27% of N, wherein the nickel-coated graphite powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30% C and 70% Ni;
step two, sequentially polishing the surface of the Ti48Al2Cr2Nb titanium alloy step by using 360# abrasive paper, 400# abrasive paper, 800# abrasive paper and 1000# abrasive paper, ultrasonically cleaning the surface in ethanol solution with the mass fraction of 99% for 10min, and drying to obtain a clean matrix;
step three, adopting the mixed powder obtained in the step one as a raw material to carry out ultra-high-speed laser cladding on the clean substrate obtained in the step two, and obtaining the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating on the surface of the clean substrate; the parameters of the ultra-high speed laser cladding are as follows: by adopting a coaxial powder feeding method, argon is used as carrier gas and shielding gas, the powder feeding flow is 2L/min, the powder feeding speed is 24g/min, the laser power is 2600W, the scanning speed of 10m/min is used for carrying out multi-channel laser scanning, the scanning path presents reciprocating scanning, the scanning speed between each pass and the next pass is 0.3mm/s, and the lap joint rate is 60%.
Through detection, the thickness of the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating prepared in the embodiment is 340 mu m, the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating prepared in the embodiment is tested for hardness change from the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating to a titanium alloy matrix by using a micro Vickers hardness tester, 200g is loaded, pressure is maintained for 10s, the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating prepared in the embodiment is tested by adopting an MFT-4000 type reciprocating friction wear testing machine, and a friction pair is selected from Si 3 N 4 The ceramic pellets, radius 3mm, set load 10N, friction speed 50mm/min, friction length 5mm, wear time 30min, and the probe surface abrasion mark measuring instrument was used to measure the wear volume, thus obtaining the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating prepared in this example with average friction coefficient of 0.171 and hardness of 523HV 0.2 The abrasion rate was 3.19X10 - 7 mm 3 The average friction coefficient of the Ti48Al2Cr2Nb titanium alloy was 0.325 and the wear rate was 1.16X10 -6 mm 3 /N·m。
The self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating prepared by the embodiment has no cracks, no air holes, compact structure and fine grains.
Example 6
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
adding 600g of TC11 powder, 100g of TiBCN powder and 300g of nickel-coated graphite powder into a ball mill, fully mixing for 4 hours, and then drying in a vacuum drying oven at 94 ℃ for 2 hours and naturally cooling to obtain mixed powder; the granularity of the powder is 15-45 mu m; the TiBCN powder is ceramic powder prepared by a boronizing method, and consists of the following components in percentage by atom: 21% Ti,26% B, 26% C and 27% N, wherein the nickel-coated graphite powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10% C and 90% Ni;
step two, sequentially polishing the surface of the Ti48Al2Cr2Nb titanium alloy step by using 360# abrasive paper, 400# abrasive paper, 800# abrasive paper and 1000# abrasive paper, ultrasonically cleaning the surface in ethanol solution with the mass fraction of 99% for 10min, and drying to obtain a clean matrix;
step three, adopting the mixed powder obtained in the step one as a raw material to carry out ultra-high-speed laser cladding on the clean substrate obtained in the step two, and obtaining the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating on the surface of the clean substrate; the parameters of the ultra-high speed laser cladding are as follows: by adopting a coaxial powder feeding method, argon is used as carrier gas and shielding gas, the powder feeding flow is 6L/min, the powder feeding speed is 18g/min, the laser power is 1800W, the multi-channel laser scanning is carried out at the scanning speed of 15m/min, the scanning path presents reciprocating scanning, the scanning speed between each pass and the next pass is 0.6mm/s, and the lap joint rate is 70%.
Through detection, the thickness of the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating prepared in the embodiment is 300 mu m, the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating prepared in the embodiment is tested for hardness change from the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating to a titanium alloy matrix by using a micro Vickers hardness tester, 200g is loaded, pressure is maintained for 10s, the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating prepared in the embodiment is tested by adopting an MFT-4000 type reciprocating friction wear testing machine, and a friction pair is selected from Si 3 N 4 Ceramic pellets with a radius of 3mm, a set load of 10N, a friction speed of 50mm/min, a friction length of 5mm and a wear time of 30min, the abrasion volume is measured by using a probe type surface abrasion mark measuring instrument, and the average friction coefficient of the self-lubricating abrasion-resistant composite coating prepared in the embodiment is 0.174, and the hardness is 521HV 0.2 Wear rate of 3.22×10 -7 mm 3 The average friction coefficient of the Ti48Al2Cr2Nb titanium alloy was 0.325 and the wear rate was 1.16X10 -6 mm 3 /N·m。
The self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating prepared by the embodiment has no cracks, no air holes, compact structure and fine grains.
FIG. 2 shows the average microhardness of the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coatings prepared in examples 1-6 of the present invention, and it can be seen from FIG. 2 that the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coatings prepared in examples 1-6 of the present invention all have higher hardness, and the hardness is greater than that of the titanium alloy matrix, wherein the hardness of the titanium alloy matrix is 280HV 0.2 ~330HV 0.2 。
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any simple modification, variation and equivalent variation of the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating is characterized by being prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 60% -80% of Ti-based powder, 10% -30% of TiBCN powder and 10% -30% of nickel-coated graphite powder; the Ti-based powder comprises TC4, TC11, niTi50 or Ti48Al2Cr2Nb, wherein the TiBCN powder is ceramic powder prepared by a boronizing method, and consists of the following components in percentage by atom: 21% -28% of Ti,22% -26% of B, 19% -26% of C and 21% -27% of N, wherein the nickel-coated graphite powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10% -40% of C and 60% -90% of Ni;
the ultra-high-speed laser cladding method of the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating comprises the following steps of:
step one, mixing Ti-based powder, tiBCN powder and nickel-coated graphite powder, and then vacuum drying to obtain mixed powder;
polishing and cleaning the surface of the titanium alloy to obtain a clean matrix;
step three, adopting the mixed powder obtained in the step one as a raw material to carry out ultra-high-speed laser cladding on the clean substrate obtained in the step two, and obtaining the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating on the surface of the clean substrate; the parameters of the ultra-high speed laser cladding are as follows: the laser power is 1800W-2600W, and the multi-channel laser scanning is performed at a scanning speed of 10 m/min-22 m/min.
2. The self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating according to claim 1, wherein the particle sizes of the Ti-based powder, the TiBCN powder and the nickel-coated graphite powder are all 15-45 μm.
3. The self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the vacuum drying in the first step is 90-100 ℃ and the time is 2-3 hours.
4. The self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating according to claim 1, wherein the parameters of the ultra-high speed laser cladding in step three are: and a coaxial powder feeding method is adopted, the powder feeding air flow is 2L/min-6L/min, the powder feeding speed is 18 g/min-24 g/min, the scanning path presents reciprocating scanning, the scanning speed between each pass and the next pass is 0.3 mm/s-0.8 mm/s, and the lap joint rate is 60% -80%.
5. The self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating in the third step is 100-500 μm.
6. The self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, the average friction coefficient of the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating is 0.1-0.2, and the hardness is 450HV 0.2 ~620HV 0.2 The abrasion rate was 3X 10 -7 mm 3 /N·m~3.5×10 -7 mm 3 /N·m。
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| JPH09194978A (en) * | 1995-11-15 | 1997-07-29 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Superhard composite member and its production |
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| CN106835126B (en) * | 2017-03-20 | 2019-05-14 | 中北大学 | A kind of Laser Cladding on Titanium Alloy ceramic composite |
| CN107460476A (en) * | 2017-07-24 | 2017-12-12 | 中南林业科技大学 | A kind of titanium alloy surface TiC enhancings titanium-based composite coat and preparation method thereof |
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