CN111662834B - 一种生物除臭剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种生物除臭剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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Abstract
本发明公开一种生物除臭剂及其制备方法,属于环保技术领域,所述生物除臭剂为酵母菌液、芽孢菌液、乳酸菌液、光合细菌液、活性酶液按照质量比为(1~1.5):(1~1.5):(1~1.5):(0.05~0.07):(0.001~0.005)混合而成,还可根据需要添加植物提取液,所述生物除臭剂使用后在短时间内产生抗氧化物,抵制腐菌的生存和繁殖,在污物表面会形成生物分解层,使气态NH3不被逸出,其中微生物也能分解有害成分,达到速效除臭的效果;微生物在污染物被“吃掉”后,分解成二氧化碳、水和无毒的细胞残体,无二次污染,使用过程中不会产生刺鼻气味,能跟人体或者动物皮肤接触并且无毒害,无需特别地清洗。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及环保技术领域,具体涉及一种生物除臭剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
城市水体是城市人居环境中重要的组成部分,但由于其易污染、水环境容量小、水体自净能力差等特点,很容易成为居民生活污水、雨水及垃圾的受纳体,从而形成城市黑臭水体。在生活污水产生到达到污水处理设施进行处理的过程中,往往需要收集、静置、暂存、输送的过程,在此过程中,一旦时间较长,气温升高,很容易产生以氨气、硫化氢为主要成分的恶臭气体,对环境产生不良影响,现有技术中处理这种情况主要采用加入酸性缚酸剂以抑制恶臭气体逸出,但这种方法除臭剂消耗量大,且除臭效果持续时间短,因此提供一种能够持续抑制恶臭气体逸出的除臭剂成为现有技术中亟待解决的问题。
近年来,微生物及其制剂产品在种植、养殖、环保、医疗等领域得到了越来越广泛的应用。例如,北京普仁生态技术有限公司申请的“一种高浓度生物除臭剂的制备方法”(专利申请公布号:CN101711885A;申请号:200910250028.X)该专利申请公开的工艺是:将具有除臭功能的天然植物及其提取物、碳源、氮源、微量元素等原料,加入具有除臭功能的菌种,经过混合发酵得到含植物活性成分、有益微生物及代谢产物的高浓度除臭剂,用清水2000倍稀释后直接喷洒。通过分解氨氮、硫化氢等臭味物质,抑制垃圾和臭源中产生臭气的有害微生物的生长,达到除臭、趋避蚊蝇和降低疾病传播风险的目的。该专利申请的不足是:由于制备过程中需要将植物提取物和微生物菌种混合发酵,工艺复杂、设备昂贵、制备周期长、致使生产的生物除臭剂价格偏高,同时现有的生物除臭剂,除臭时间较长,一般需要60h左右;对NH3和H2S的去除率较低,分别为80%和70%左右。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供一种制备工艺简单、制备周期短、价格低廉、具有显著除臭效果的生物除臭剂及其制备方法,在缩短除臭时间的同时,提高对NH3和H2S的去除率。
本发明提供一种生物除臭剂,包括以下原料:酵母菌液、芽孢菌液、乳酸菌液、光合细菌液和活性酶液。
进一步的,酵母菌液、芽孢菌液、乳酸菌液、光合细菌液、活性酶液的质量比为(1~1.5):(1~1.5):(1~1.5):(0.05~0.07):(0.001~0.005)。
进一步的,酵母菌液、芽孢菌液、乳酸菌液、光合细菌液、活性酶液的质量比为1:1:1:0.05:0.001。
进一步的,还可以在所述生物除臭剂中添加植物提取液。
进一步的,所述酵母菌液与芽孢菌液的发酵条件如下:采用通风搅拌发酵罐;培养基灭菌温度和时间:121℃,30min;培养条件为:通风量0.1-0.5vvm,搅拌速率150-200r/min,培养温度30-37℃,培养时间24-48h;酵母菌采用YPD培养基,pH5-6;芽孢类培养为LB培养基,pH7-8。制备的酵母菌液中酵母细胞个数不少于104/mL,制备的芽孢菌液中芽孢菌细胞个数不少于105/mL。
进一步的,光合细菌液的发酵条件如下:采用厌氧密封发酵罐,内置光源,光照强度3000lux,间歇性搅拌,搅拌速率30r/min,每次搅拌5min,每12h搅拌一次,培养温度20-30℃,培养时间6d;培养基组成如下:NH4Cl 1.0g,CH3COONa3.5g,MgCl20.1g,CaCl2 0.1g,KH2PO4 0.6g,K2HPO4 0.4g,酵母膏0.1g,蒸馏水1000mL,pH7.2。制备的光合细菌液中光合细菌个数不少于104/mL。
进一步的,乳酸菌液的制备方法如下:采用厌氧密封发酵罐,间歇性搅拌,搅拌速率30r/min,每次搅拌5min,每12h搅拌一次,培养温度35-45℃,培养时间3-5d;培养基组成为酵母膏10g,蛋白胨10g,牛肉膏10g,葡萄糖10g,麦芽糖10g,乙酸钠5g,磷酸二氢钾2g,柠檬酸铵2g,硫酸镁0.5g,硫酸锰0.5g,蒸馏水1000mL,pH4-6。制备的乳酸菌液中乳酸菌个数不少于107/mL。
进一步的,活性酶液的制备方法如下:采用硫酸铵分级沉淀方法分离,先将发酵培养至36h的芽孢类发酵液加入30%饱和度的硫酸铵,于10℃静置12h后,采用板块压滤法,去掉沉淀取上清液,然后再加入硫酸铵至饱和度为75%,于10℃静置24h后,通过板块压滤法,收集沉淀,将沉淀溶于10倍体积的无离子水中,采用超滤膜技术脱盐,膜孔径在0.01-0.02μm,得到活性酶的高浓缩贮备液,于-20℃冷冻保存待用。活性酶液以酪氨酸蛋白酶活力计算为300μg/mL。
本发明还提供所述的生物除臭剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将制备好的酵母菌液、芽孢菌液、乳酸菌液、光合细菌液、活性酶液,按照质量比无菌操作混合,然后进行分装,即可。
所述植物提取液为市售植物食品级香精,植物提取液依据客户要求加入不同香型的香精,加入比例为生物除臭剂:植物提取液=10000-100000:1。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明的生物除臭剂的制备工艺简单,不需要混合发酵工艺,制备成功率高、时间短,设备简单,制备材料成本低。
本发明制备的生物除臭剂,通过吞噬臭味物质并抑制产生臭味的微生物;加快有机物分解速度,从根本上消除了臭味,抑制有害细菌的滋生,作用迅速,效果明显。本发明制备的生物除臭剂是纯生物制剂,无毒、无害、无刺激、无腐蚀的绿色环保产品。对人体和动植物没有任何危害,消除用化学香味剂掩盖臭味而对人体造成的危害,提供了一种绿色、安全、环保的除臭剂。
将本发明所述的生物除臭剂喷洒在污水或者污物中后,微生物以指数倍数繁殖增长,在短时间内产生抗氧化物,如NH3、H2S、NO2等,抵制腐菌的生存和繁殖,在污物表面会形成生物分解层,使气态NH3不被逸出,其中微生物也能分解NH3、H2S、甲基硫醇等有害成分,达到速效除臭的效果;微生物在污染物被“吃掉”后,分解成二氧化碳、水和无毒的细胞残体,无二次污染,使用过程中不会产生刺鼻气味,能跟人体或者动物皮肤接触并且无毒害,无需特别的清洗。
本发明所述生物除臭剂对氨氮的去除率最高可达99%,H2S去除率最高可达97%,对臭气浓度降解率可达98%,对养殖场的病菌抑制率可达98%,对垃圾臭气浓度降解率达到97%,显著降低污水中COD和氨氮含量,有效降解下水道卫生间臭味物质;长期使用本发明所述生物除臭剂,会在地面、物体、水道设备等污染物上形成微生物菌体膜,达到持续、稳定的除臭效果。
具体实施方式
现详细说明本发明的多种示例性实施方式,该详细说明不应认为是对本发明的限制,而应理解为是对本发明的某些方面、特性和实施方案的更详细的描述。应理解本发明中所述的术语仅仅是为描述特别的实施方式,并非用于限制本发明。
对于本发明中的数值范围,应理解为还具体公开了该范围的上限和下限之间的每个中间值。在任何陈述值或陈述范围内的中间值以及任何其他陈述值或在所述范围内的中间值之间的每个较小的范围也包括在本发明内。这些较小范围的上限和下限可独立地包括或排除在范围内。
在不背离本发明的范围或精神的情况下,可对本发明说明书的具体实施方式做多种改进和变化,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。由本发明的说明书得到的其他实施方式对技术人员而言是显而易见得的。本发明说明书和实施例仅是示例性的。
实施例1
本实施例所述生物除臭剂为酵母菌液、芽孢菌液、乳酸菌液、光合细菌液和活性酶液,酵母菌液、芽孢菌液、乳酸菌液、光合细菌液、活性酶液的质量比为1.5:1.5:1.5:0.07:0.005。
所述酵母菌液与芽孢菌液的发酵条件如下:采用通风搅拌发酵罐;培养基灭菌温度和时间:121℃,30min;培养条件为:通风量0.1vvm,搅拌速率150r/min,培养温度30℃,培养时间24h;酵母菌采用YPD培养基,pH5;芽孢类培养为LB培养基,pH7。本实施例制备的酵母菌液中酵母细胞个数为8×104/mL,制备的芽孢菌液中芽孢菌细胞个数为5×105/mL。
光合细菌液的发酵条件如下:采用厌氧密封发酵罐,内置光源,光照强度3000lux,间歇性搅拌,搅拌速率30r/min,每次搅拌5min,每12h搅拌一次,培养温度20℃,培养时间6d;培养基组成如下:NH4Cl 1.0g,CH3COONa 3.5g,MgCl20.1g,CaCl2 0.1g,KH2PO4 0.6g,K2HPO4 0.4g,酵母膏0.1g,蒸馏水1000mL,pH7.2,本实施例制备的光合细菌液中光合细菌个数为5×104/mL。
乳酸菌液的制备方法如下:采用厌氧密封发酵罐,间歇性搅拌,搅拌速率30r/min,每次搅拌5min,每12h搅拌一次,培养温度35℃,培养时间3d;培养基组成为酵母膏10g,蛋白胨10g,牛肉膏10g,葡萄糖10g,麦芽糖10g,乙酸钠5g,磷酸二氢钾2g,柠檬酸铵2g,硫酸镁0.5g,硫酸锰0.5g,蒸馏水1000mL,pH4,本实施例制备的乳酸菌液中乳酸菌个数为3×107/mL。
活性酶液的制备方法如下:采用硫酸铵分级沉淀方法分离,先将发酵培养至36h的芽孢类发酵液加入30%饱和度的硫酸铵,于10℃静置12h后,采用板块压滤法,去掉沉淀取上清液,然后再加入硫酸铵至饱和度为75%,于10℃静置24h后,通过板块压滤法,收集沉淀,将沉淀溶于10倍体积的无离子水中,采用超滤膜技术脱盐,膜孔径在0.01μm,得到活性酶的高浓缩贮备液,于-20℃冷冻保存待用,本实施例活性酶液以酪氨酸蛋白酶活力计算为300μg/mL。
制备方法为将制备好的酵母菌液、芽孢菌液、乳酸菌液、光合细菌液、活性酶液,按照质量比无菌操作混合,然后进行分装,即可。
实施例2
本实施例所述生物除臭剂为酵母菌液、芽孢菌液、乳酸菌液、光合细菌液和活性酶液,酵母菌液、芽孢菌液、乳酸菌液、光合细菌液、活性酶液的质量比为1.2:1.2:1.2:0.06:0.003。
所述酵母菌液与芽孢菌液的发酵条件如下:采用通风搅拌发酵罐;培养基灭菌温度和时间:121℃,30min;培养条件为:通风量0.3vvm,搅拌速率180r/min,培养温度33℃,培养时间36h;酵母菌采用YPD培养基,pH6;芽孢类培养为LB培养基,pH8。本实施例制备的酵母菌液中酵母细胞个数为7.5×104/mL,制备的芽孢菌液中芽孢菌细胞个数为5×105/mL。
光合细菌液的发酵条件如下:采用厌氧密封发酵罐,内置光源,光照强度3000lux,间歇性搅拌,搅拌速率30r/min,每次搅拌5min,每12h搅拌一次,培养温度25℃,培养时间6d;培养基组成如下:NH4Cl 1.0g,CH3COONa 3.5g,MgCl20.1g,CaCl2 0.1g,KH2PO4 0.6g,K2HPO4 0.4g,酵母膏0.1g,蒸馏水1000mL,pH7.2,本实施例制备的光合细菌液中光合细菌个数为5×104/mL。
乳酸菌液的制备方法如下:采用厌氧密封发酵罐,间歇性搅拌,搅拌速率30r/min,每次搅拌5min,每12h搅拌一次,培养温度40℃,培养时间4d;培养基组成为酵母膏10g,蛋白胨10g,牛肉膏10g,葡萄糖10g,麦芽糖10g,乙酸钠5g,磷酸二氢钾2g,柠檬酸铵2g,硫酸镁0.5g,硫酸锰0.5g,蒸馏水1000mL,pH6,本实施例制备的乳酸菌液中乳酸菌个数为3×107/mL。
活性酶液的制备方法如下:采用硫酸铵分级沉淀方法分离,先将发酵培养至36h的芽孢类发酵液加入30%饱和度的硫酸铵,于10℃静置12h后,采用板块压滤法,去掉沉淀取上清液,然后再加入硫酸铵至饱和度为75%,于10℃静置24h后,通过板块压滤法,收集沉淀,将沉淀溶于10倍体积的无离子水中,采用超滤膜技术脱盐,膜孔径在0.02μm,得到活性酶的高浓缩贮备液,于-20℃冷冻保存待用,本实施例活性酶液以酪氨酸蛋白酶活力计算为300μg/mL。
制备方法为将制备好的酵母菌液、芽孢菌液、乳酸菌液、光合细菌液、活性酶液,按照质量比无菌操作混合,然后进行分装,即可。
实施例3
本实施例所述生物除臭剂为酵母菌液、芽孢菌液、乳酸菌液、光合细菌液和活性酶液,酵母菌液、芽孢菌液、乳酸菌液、光合细菌液、活性酶液的质量比为1:1:1:0.05:0.001。
所述酵母菌液与芽孢菌液的发酵条件如下:采用通风搅拌发酵罐;培养基灭菌温度和时间:121℃,30min;培养条件为:通风量0.5vvm,搅拌速率200r/min,培养温度37℃,培养时间48h;酵母菌采用YPD培养基,pH5.5;芽孢类培养为LB培养基,pH7.5。本实施例制备的酵母菌液中酵母细胞个数为8×104/mL,制备的芽孢菌液中芽孢菌细胞个数为5×105/mL。
光合细菌液的发酵条件如下:采用厌氧密封发酵罐,内置光源,光照强度3000lux,间歇性搅拌,搅拌速率30r/min,每次搅拌5min,每12h搅拌一次,培养温度30℃,培养时间6d;培养基组成如下:NH4Cl 1.0g,CH3COONa 3.5g,MgCl20.1g,CaCl2 0.1g,KH2PO4 0.6g,K2HPO4 0.4g,酵母膏0.1g,蒸馏水1000mL,pH7.2,本实施例制备的光合细菌液中光合细菌个数为5×104/mL。
乳酸菌液的制备方法如下:采用厌氧密封发酵罐,间歇性搅拌,搅拌速率30r/min,每次搅拌5min,每12h搅拌一次,培养温度45℃,培养时间5d;培养基组成为酵母膏10g,蛋白胨10g,牛肉膏10g,葡萄糖10g,麦芽糖10g,乙酸钠5g,磷酸二氢钾2g,柠檬酸铵2g,硫酸镁0.5g,硫酸锰0.5g,蒸馏水1000mL,pH4-6,本实施例制备的乳酸菌液中乳酸菌个数为3×107/mL。
活性酶液的制备方法如下:采用硫酸铵分级沉淀方法分离,先将发酵培养至36h的芽孢类发酵液加入30%饱和度的硫酸铵,于10℃静置12h后,采用板块压滤法,去掉沉淀取上清液,然后再加入硫酸铵至饱和度为75%,于10℃静置24h后,通过板块压滤法,收集沉淀,将沉淀溶于10倍体积的无离子水中,采用超滤膜技术脱盐,膜孔径在0.01μm,得到活性酶的高浓缩贮备液,于-20℃冷冻保存待用,本实施例活性酶液以酪氨酸蛋白酶活力计算为300μg/mL。
制备方法为将制备好的酵母菌液、芽孢菌液、乳酸菌液、光合细菌液、活性酶液,按照质量比无菌操作混合,然后进行分装,即可。
实施例4
同实施例3,不同之处仅在于在生物除臭剂中添加了植物提取液,所述植物提取液购自上海山悦环保科技有限公司,添加量为生物除臭剂:植物提取液=10000:1(质量比)。
对比例1
同实施例3,不同之处仅在于未添加活性酶液。
对比例2
同实施例3,不同之处仅在于未添加光合细菌液。
对比例3
同实施例3,不同之处仅在于酵母菌液、芽孢菌液、乳酸菌液、光合细菌液、活性酶液的质量比为0.05:0.05:0.05:1:1。
对比例4
同实施例3,不同之处仅在于酵母菌液、芽孢菌液、乳酸菌液、光合细菌液、活性酶液的质量比为1:1:1:1:1。
将实施例1-4和对比例1-4制备的生物除臭剂以及购自于山东章威生物科技有限公司的生物除臭剂(作为现有技术,记为对比例5)进行硫化氢、氨和三甲胺的除臭实验。实施除臭试验时,如无特别声明,则使用将生物除臭剂用水稀释100倍的溶液(以下简称生物除臭剂水溶液)。
试验例1硫化氢的除臭试验
准备具备除去对象气体注入口、压力调整口、检测管测定口和预备口的容量3L的玻璃制可拆式烧瓶,使用注射器从各自的气体注入口注入硫化氢气体,搅拌10秒钟。然后,由GASTEC检测管测定硫化氢气体的初始浓度。接着,注入生物除臭剂水溶液3mL后,利用GASTEC检测管测定经过时间后的硫化氢气体的浓度(质量ppm),由下述式(1)测定除臭率(%)。结果见表1。
表1
试验例2氨的除臭试验
将测定对象气体变更为氨而非硫化氢,除此之外与试验例1相同,结果见表2。
表2
试验例3三甲胺的除臭试验
将测定对象气体变更为氨而非硫化氢,除此之外与试验例1相同,此外,在注入三甲胺后经过120分钟后,利用水浴将烧瓶加热至40℃,测定从加热开始起经过60分钟后的除臭率,结果见表3。
表3
从表1-3可以看出本申请制备的生物除臭剂对氨、胺、硫化氢均有良好的去除效果。从表3可以看出,在使用本发明实施例制备的的生物除臭剂水溶液的情况下,加热后能够将三甲胺完全除去。在使用对比例4制备的生物除臭剂水溶液的情况下,加热后三甲胺的浓度上升,可知溶解的三甲胺被再释放。
应指出的是上述实例仅作为说明本发明的技术思路和特点,其目的在于其他人能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施,并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明思路实质所做的等效变化或完善,都应该涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (1)
1.一种生物除臭剂,其特征在于,所述生物除臭剂为酵母菌液、芽孢菌液、乳酸菌液、光合细菌液和活性酶液,酵母菌液、芽孢菌液、乳酸菌液、光合细菌液、活性酶液的质量比为1:1:1:0.05:0.001;
所述酵母菌液与芽孢菌液的发酵条件如下:采用通风搅拌发酵罐;培养基灭菌温度和时间:121℃,30min;培养条件为:通风量0.5vvm,搅拌速率200r/min,培养温度37℃,培养时间48h;酵母菌采用YPD培养基,pH5.5;芽孢类培养为LB培养基,pH7.5,酵母菌液中酵母细胞个数为8×104/mL,芽孢菌液中芽孢菌细胞个数为5×105/mL;
光合细菌液的发酵条件如下:采用厌氧密封发酵罐,内置光源,光照强度3000lux,间歇性搅拌,搅拌速率30r/min,每次搅拌5min,每12h搅拌一次,培养温度30℃,培养时间6d;培养基组成如下:NH4Cl 1.0g,CH3COONa 3.5g,MgCl20.1g,CaCl2 0.1g,KH2PO4 0.6g,K2HPO40.4g,酵母膏0.1g,蒸馏水1000mL,pH7.2,光合细菌液中光合细菌个数为5×104/mL;
乳酸菌液的制备方法如下:采用厌氧密封发酵罐,间歇性搅拌,搅拌速率30r/min,每次搅拌5min,每12h搅拌一次,培养温度45℃,培养时间5d;培养基组成为酵母膏10g,蛋白胨10g,牛肉膏10g,葡萄糖10g,麦芽糖10g,乙酸钠5g,磷酸二氢钾2g,柠檬酸铵2g,硫酸镁0.5g,硫酸锰0.5g,蒸馏水1000mL,pH4-6,乳酸菌液中乳酸菌个数为3×107/mL;
活性酶液的制备方法如下:采用硫酸铵分级沉淀方法分离,先将发酵培养至36h的芽孢类发酵液加入30%饱和度的硫酸铵,于10℃静置12h后,采用板块压滤法,去掉沉淀取上清液,然后再加入硫酸铵至饱和度为75%,于10℃静置24h后,通过板块压滤法,收集沉淀,将沉淀溶于10倍体积的无离子水中,采用超滤膜技术脱盐,膜孔径在0.01μm,得到活性酶的高浓缩贮备液,于-20℃冷冻保存待用,活性酶液以酪氨酸蛋白酶活力计算为300μg/mL;
所述生物除臭剂制备方法为将制备好的酵母菌液、芽孢菌液、乳酸菌液、光合细菌液、活性酶液,按照质量比无菌操作混合,然后进行分装,即可。
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