CN111648144A - 一种基于水平加热辅助自组装的结构色面料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于水平加热辅助自组装的结构色面料及其制备方法。该方法包括：二氧化硅纳米微球的制备；PA乳液的制备；微球分散液的制备：将微球和PA乳液混合均匀，配置成微球分散液；结构色面料的制备。本发明将二氧化硅纳米微球、PA粘合剂和环保面料结合，采用水平加热辅助自组装技术实现对织物的着色。与传统的染色技术相比，无需用染料、颜料着色，清洁无污染，还可以节能节水。相对于旋涂法，本发明所需生产设备和方法简单，条件易控。与电泳沉积法相比，本发明对纤维材料具有普适性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于纺织品仿生着色领域，具体是一种基于水平加热辅助自组装的结构色面料及其制备方法。
背景技术
传统的染整技术工艺流程冗余，且每道工序均需采用大量化学试剂，存在耗水量大、污染环境、刺激皮肤甚至损害生命健康等缺陷。传统的织物在穿用过程和日晒雨淋环境影响下，褪色现象严重，产品的使用寿命短，造成材料资源浪费，且废弃的织物难以分解和处理。
结构色现象在自然界中广泛存在，无论是蝴蝶的翅膀、甲虫的翅鞘还是孔雀羽毛都表现出靓丽的颜色，它不同于普通色素，而是由光子晶体与入射光之间发生散射、干涉和衍射而产生的物理显色效应，是一种不需要化学品、无污染的生色途径。结构色织物不需要色素染色，颜色不会因化学药品或热水处理而消失，有望克服传统染色方法对水资源浪费和污染问题，符合绿色发展的理念，具有很好的应用前景。
仿生结构色在纺织领域已有一定的应用，主要有两种形式：一是通过制备结构色纤维，二是通过仿制或复制动物生色羽毛或其他生色物质的结构来制备生色薄膜或光子晶体。目前，国内外构造仿生结构色的方法主要有：静电纺丝、重力沉降法、层层静电自组装法、旋涂法。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，本发明拟解决的技术问题是，提供一种基于水平加热辅助自组装的结构色面料及其制备方法。
本发明解决所述方法技术问题的技术方案是，提供一种基于水平加热辅助自组装的结构色面料的制备方法，其特征在于该方法包括以下步骤：
(1)微球的制备：将去离子水、氨水和无水乙醇搅拌至混合均匀；然后加入正硅酸乙酯和乙醇的混合液，混合均匀后，搅拌条件下反应10h-11h；再将产物依次使用无水乙醇和去离子水洗涤，得到单分散的二氧化硅纳米微球；
(2)PA乳液的制备：将SDS、去离子水、MMA和BA在85℃-90℃的温度条件下惰性气体环境中搅拌乳化20min；再加入引发剂KPS反应5h，得到PA乳液；
(3)微球分散液的制备：将微球和PA乳液以质量比15:1的比例混合均匀，配置成微球分散液；
(4)结构色面料的制备：将微球分散液喷涂于基底的一侧，再将面料放置于分散液上，再在基底下方的热源的作用下分散剂中的液相挥发，微球分散液中的微球在面料上紧密排列，自组装于面料表面，得到光子晶体有序阵列，液相完全挥发完成对纤维的着色过程，得到结构色面料。
本发明解决所述面料技术问题的技术方案是，提供一种所述的基于水平加热辅助自组装的结构色面料的制备方法制备得到的结构色面料。
与现有技术相比，本发明有益效果在于：
(1)本发明将二氧化硅纳米微球、PA粘合剂和环保面料结合，采用水平加热辅助自组装技术实现对织物的着色。与传统的染色技术相比，无需用染料、颜料着色，清洁无污染，还可以节能节水。相对于旋涂法，本发明所需生产设备和方法简单，条件易控。与电泳沉积法相比，本发明对纤维材料具有普适性。
(2)通过调节氨水的含量制备不同粒径的二氧化硅纳米微球，通过控制微球粒径构建不同的结构色，从而使面料呈现不同颜色。
(3)采用的原料价格低廉，来源广泛，可降解，无污染；所需生产设备简单，方法流程简单，条件易控；并且颜色效果好，永久显色，有助于实现大量生产。
附图说明
图1为本发明制得的结构色面料的结构图。
具体实施方式
下面给出本发明的具体实施例。具体实施例仅用于进一步详细说明本发明，不限制本申请权利要求的保护范围。
本发明提供了一种基于水平加热辅助自组装的结构色面料的制备方法(简称方法)，其特征在于该方法包括以下步骤：
(1)微球的制备：在1L单口烧瓶中加入去离子水、氨水和无水乙醇，在25℃水浴中磁力搅拌10min-20min至混合均匀；然后向单口烧瓶中加入正硅酸乙酯和乙醇的混合液，混合2min后至均匀后，在25℃磁力搅拌条件下反应10h-11h；再将产物依次使用无水乙醇和去离子水离心洗涤三次，得到单分散的二氧化硅纳米微球(简称微球)；
去离子水、氨水和无水乙醇的质量比是10:1:30；正硅酸乙酯与乙醇的体积比为9:41；
通过调节氨水的含量制备不同粒径的二氧化硅纳米微球，从而使面料呈现不同颜色；
(2)PA乳液的制备：采用乳液聚合法，在反应过程中，增大乳化剂的用量，以获得小粒径的胶体粒子；在装有温度计、机械搅拌、氮气装置和回流冷凝管的250ml四口瓶中加入SDS(十二烷基硫酸钠)和去离子水；5min后再加入MMA(甲基丙稀酸甲酯)和BA(丙稀酸丁酯)，在85℃-90℃的温度条件下惰性气体环境中搅拌乳化20min；再加入引发剂KPS(过硫酸钾)，同样温度下反应5h，得到淡蓝色的PA乳液；
SDS的质量占总质量的0.31％，去离子水的质量占总质量的47.2％，MMA的质量占总质量的26.22％，BA的质量占总质量的26.22％，KPS的质量占总质量的0.05％；总质量为SDS、去离子水、MMA、BA和KPS的质量之和；
(3)微球分散液的制备：以微球为光子晶体的构筑单元，PA为粘结剂，将微球和PA乳液以质量比15:1的比例混合均匀，配置成微球分散液；
优选地，步骤3)中，为增加显色效果可加入炭黑，炭黑可以吸收非相干散射光和背景杂光，使相干散射的特征波长占据更大的比例，从而提高颜色饱和度；炭黑与微球的质量比为1:100。
(4)面料预处理：将可降解纤维面料裁剪成圆形试样放入肥皂液中浸洗，在超声波清洗器中震荡30min以去除面料表面的杂质，再用去离子水反复漂洗，最后放入60℃的烘箱中将试样烘干；
可降解纤维优选聚乳酸纤维、牛奶蛋白纤维、香蕉纤维、荷花纤维等。面料为机织、针织或非织方法制得；
(5)结构色面料的制备：采用水平加热辅助自组装技术，将微球分散液快速喷涂于玻璃基底的一侧上，再将处理后的面料放置于分散液上，由于面料的密度较小会浮于分散液之上；再在78℃的基底下方的热源的作用下，微球分散液因浮力和上升热气流的作用快速挥发，其中在基底、微球分散液和空气的三相界面处挥发速度最大，因此微球首先在此处开始实现紧密堆积；随着挥发过程的进行，微球分散液中的微球在毛细力的作用下，纷纷趋向面料表面，当分散剂中的液相完全挥发时，使微球分散液中的微球在面料上紧密排列，自组装于面料表面，得到光子晶体有序阵列，完成对纤维的着色过程，得到结构色面料。
本发明未述及之处适用于现有技术。
Claims (10)
1.一种基于水平加热辅助自组装的结构色面料的制备方法，其特征在于该方法包括以下步骤：
(1)微球的制备：将去离子水、氨水和无水乙醇搅拌至混合均匀；然后加入正硅酸乙酯和乙醇的混合液，混合均匀后，搅拌条件下反应10h-11h；再将产物依次使用无水乙醇和去离子水洗涤，得到单分散的二氧化硅纳米微球；
(2)PA乳液的制备：将SDS、去离子水、MMA和BA在85℃-90℃的温度条件下惰性气体环境中搅拌乳化20min；再加入引发剂KPS反应5h，得到PA乳液；
(3)微球分散液的制备：将微球和PA乳液以质量比15:1的比例混合均匀，配置成微球分散液；
(4)结构色面料的制备：将微球分散液喷涂于基底的一侧，再将面料放置于分散液上，再在基底下方的热源的作用下分散剂中的液相挥发，微球分散液中的微球在面料上紧密排列，自组装于面料表面，得到光子晶体有序阵列，液相完全挥发完成对纤维的着色过程，得到结构色面料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于水平加热辅助自组装的结构色面料的制备方法，其特征在于步骤1)中，产物依次使用无水乙醇和去离子水离心洗涤三次。
3.根据权利要求1所述的基于水平加热辅助自组装的结构色面料的制备方法，其特征在于步骤1)中，去离子水、氨水和无水乙醇的质量比是10:1:30；正硅酸乙酯与乙醇的体积比为9:41。
4.根据权利要求1所述的基于水平加热辅助自组装的结构色面料的制备方法，其特征在于步骤2)中，先加入SDS和去离子水；5min后再加入MMA和BA，再进行乳化反应。
5.根据权利要求1所述的基于水平加热辅助自组装的结构色面料的制备方法，其特征在于步骤2)中，SDS的质量占总质量的0.31％，去离子水的质量占总质量的47.2％，MMA的质量占总质量的26.22％，BA的质量占总质量的26.22％，KPS的质量占总质量的0.05％；总质量为SDS、去离子水、MMA、BA和KPS的质量之和。
6.根据权利要求1所述的基于水平加热辅助自组装的结构色面料的制备方法，其特征在于步骤3)中加入炭黑；炭黑与微球的质量比为1:100。
7.根据权利要求1所述的基于水平加热辅助自组装的结构色面料的制备方法，其特征在于在步骤4)之前增加一个面料预处理步骤：将面料放入肥皂液中浸洗，在超声波清洗器中震荡30min，再用去离子水反复漂洗，最后放入60℃的烘箱中烘干。
8.根据权利要求1或7所述的基于水平加热辅助自组装的结构色面料的制备方法，其特征在于所述面料为可降解纤维面料；可降解纤维为聚乳酸纤维、牛奶蛋白纤维、香蕉纤维或荷花纤维。
9.根据权利要求1所述的基于水平加热辅助自组装的结构色面料的制备方法，其特征在于步骤4)中，热源温度为78℃。
10.一种权利要求1-9任一所述的基于水平加热辅助自组装的结构色面料的制备方法制备得到的结构色面料。
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