CN111644377B

CN111644377B - Crushing and screening method for waste lithium battery electrode material

Info

Publication number: CN111644377B
Application number: CN202010565127.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李扬; 彭程; 刘松利; 谢太平; 王健康; 刘凤玲; 段峰; 陈程; 罗国俊
Original assignee: Yangtze Normal University
Current assignee: Yangtze Normal University
Priority date: 2020-06-19
Filing date: 2020-06-19
Publication date: 2022-02-08
Anticipated expiration: 2040-06-19
Also published as: CN111644377A; CN114377955B; CN114377955A

Abstract

The invention discloses a crushing and screening method of waste lithium battery electrode materials, which screens the crushed electrode materials, the method is characterized in that materials of the materials crushed for the first time are classified and sieved, light and small materials below the sieve are separately taken out for classification treatment, materials not under the sieve are taken out and repeatedly crushed and sieved according to the granularity requirement until the granularity meets the granularity requirement of the subsequent metallurgical treatment process, at least two stages of screens are adopted for sieving according to the granularity requirement, the aperture of a first stage screen is larger than that of a second stage screen, the aperture of the second stage screen is consistent with the granularity requirement of the subsequent metallurgical treatment process of electrode materials, electrode material materials which cannot meet the requirement of granularity during screening are divided into two parts with different particle size ranges by the two-stage screening screen, and the electrode material materials of the two parts are respectively taken out and then repeatedly crushed and screened. The invention has the advantage of better improving the recycling treatment efficiency of the lithium battery electrode material.

Description

Crushing and screening method for waste lithium battery electrode material

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of lithium battery recovery, in particular to a crushing and screening method for waste lithium battery electrode materials.

Background

Nowadays, lithium ion batteries have been widely used in various devices and applications ranging from portable electronic products to electric vehicles. Particularly, with the popularization of new energy electric vehicles, the application of lithium batteries is more and more extensive. The core power component of the new energy automobile is the lithium ion battery, and the rejection standard of the new energy automobile for the lithium ion battery is that the battery capacity is lower than 80%, which means that the lithium ion battery needs to be replaced once in 3-5 years. If the scrapped lithium ion battery generated by the development of new energy automobile industry cannot be properly disposed, the environment can be greatly polluted, and rare metal resources such as cobalt, nickel and the like are greatly wasted. Therefore, the lithium ion battery has large recycling market space, and various recyclable materials such as cobalt, nickel and other rare metals in the waste lithium ion battery have high contents, so that the recycling value is huge.

There are many methods for recovering lithium ion batteries, but the major step is to disassemble the lithium ion battery first and separate the materials of the housing, the electrodes, the current collector and the electrolyte. Then, the materials of all parts are respectively treated in a centralized way for recycling. The electrode material contains a large amount of rare metals such as cobalt, nickel and the like, and has the highest recovery value, so that the electrode material is particularly important for the recovery and utilization of the lithium battery electrode material.

In the prior art, the original waste electrode material needs to be firstly crushed by crushing equipment, then is screened by screening equipment to obtain electrode materials with different particle size ranges and uniform sizes, and then is treated by different metallurgical processes to realize effective separation and recovery of the anode and cathode materials of the lithium ion battery. The existing electrode screening equipment is simple in structure and generally comprises a shell, a feeding port is formed in the upper end of the shell, a screen is arranged in the inner cavity of the shell, a vibrating device is arranged below the screen, and corresponding discharge ports are formed in the upper shell and the lower shell of the screen. When the electrode material crusher is used, crushed electrode materials are poured onto the inner screen of the shell from the feeding port, the screen is driven to vibrate by the vibrating device, electrode particles meeting the particle size requirement are sieved, the electrode particles which do not meet the requirement are left on the screen, and then the electrode particles are taken out from the corresponding discharge ports respectively, and the electrode particles which do not meet the particle size requirement are crushed again.

The conventional electrode screening equipment and the screening mode thereof usually need multiple times of crushing and repeated screening to finish the treatment of a batch of original electrode materials, have low efficiency and higher cost, and mainly have the following defects: 1. when the device is used, the crushed waste lithium battery electrode materials are generally directly poured into the screen from a feeding port at the upper end of the shell for sorting, so that the materials basically fall on the middle part of the screen, the structural strength of the middle part of the screen is smaller than that of the edge part, the materials are often mixed with larger blocky materials due to incomplete electrode crushing, the electrode materials are usually higher in specific gravity, and the middle part of the screen is very easy to deform and damage under long-time impact. Among the existing equipment, the screen cloth relies on the fix with screw on the casing, and when the screen cloth damaged back, generally all through taking apart sorting facilities casing upper end part, then unscrewing the bolt between screen cloth and the casing, just can change the screen cloth memorability of damage, such change process not only difficulty but also efficiency is slower. The replacement of the screen greatly causes an increase in the cost of equipment and the cost of time. 2. The middle part at the screen cloth is fallen to useless lithium cell electrode material, causes the useless lithium cell electrode material after the breakage to push in the middle part of screen cloth easily to influence the efficiency and the effect of screening, screening effect is relatively poor then need repeat many times broken screening, further influenced electrode recovery treatment efficiency.

Therefore, how to improve the screening effect of the equipment, prolong the service life of the screen, and improve the convenience of screen replacement so as to better improve the electrode recovery processing efficiency becomes a problem to be considered by the technical personnel in the field.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: how to provide a crushing and screening method for waste lithium battery electrode materials, which can better improve the electrode recovery treatment efficiency.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a method for crushing and screening electrode materials of waste lithium batteries is characterized in that materials of the crushed electrode materials are classified and screened firstly, light and small materials below the screen are separately taken out and classified, materials which are not under the screen are repeatedly crushed and screened according to particle size requirements until the particle size meets the particle size requirements of a subsequent metallurgical treatment process, at least two stages of screens are adopted for screening according to the particle size requirements, the aperture of a first stage screen is larger than that of a second stage screen, the aperture of the second stage screen is consistent with the particle size requirements of the subsequent metallurgical treatment process of the electrode materials, the electrode materials which cannot meet the particle size requirements during screening are divided into two parts with different particle size ranges by the two stages of screens, and the electrode materials of the two parts are respectively taken out and then repeatedly crushed and screened.

Therefore, the light and small materials screened firstly in the screening process of the method mainly contain more negative electrode components mainly comprising graphite, and the recycling value of the partial materials is not large, so that the materials are screened firstly and then are treated independently. Then, the unscreened materials are more positive electrode materials mainly comprising metal oxides, and the part of materials are repeatedly crushed and sieved until the granularity meets the subsequent metallurgical requirement; the subsequent metallurgical treatment effect can be better improved. The two-stage screen cloth is adopted during the screening of the granularity requirement, the electrode material which cannot meet the granularity requirement can be screened into two parts with different particle size ranges, the materials of the two parts are respectively crushed again after being taken out, the crushing effect can be better improved, particularly, the materials of the parts between the first-stage screen cloth and the second-stage screen cloth can meet the particle size requirement only by crushing once again. The defects of low treatment efficiency and increased treatment cost caused by repeated screening and crushing are avoided. Meanwhile, when materials with different particle sizes are crushed again, proper crushers or grinders can be selected respectively according to the particle size range for crushing and grinding, so that the crushing efficiency and the crushing effect are improved better.

As optimization, the screening treatment of the materials is realized by adopting the following screening device for the lithium battery electrode materials, wherein the screening device for the lithium battery electrode materials comprises a shell, a feeding port is arranged in the middle of the top of the upper end of the shell, a horizontally arranged screen is installed in the inner cavity of the shell, a vibrating device is arranged below the screen, and corresponding discharging ports are respectively arranged on the shell above and below the screen; the screen comprises a first screen and a second screen which are arranged at intervals from top to bottom, wherein the mesh aperture of the first screen is larger than that of the second screen; the discharge port comprises a first discharge port arranged on the shell at the edge position on the upper side of the first screen, a second discharge port arranged on the shell at the edge position on the upper side of the second screen and a third discharge port arranged on the shell below the second screen.

During implementation, material classification screening and granularity requirement screening can be realized by adopting the screening device. In the device, the aperture of the first screen is larger than that of the second screen, and the aperture of the second screen is consistent with the particle size (the particle size is required to meet the requirement of a subsequent metallurgical process) required by crushing of the waste lithium ion battery electrode. The material that can leak down from the second screen cloth through double filtration like this is the material that satisfies the particle diameter requirement, and the material that can't satisfy the particle diameter requirement is two parts of different particle diameters by first screen cloth screening. Like this two partial materials take out the back and carry out breakage once more respectively, can improve crushing effect better, especially lie in the material of the part between first screen cloth and the second screen cloth, only need carry out the breakage again usually and can satisfy the particle diameter requirement. The defect of cost increase caused by repeated screening and crushing is avoided. Meanwhile, when materials with different particle sizes are crushed again, proper crushers or grinders can be selected respectively according to the particle size range for crushing and grinding, so that the crushing efficiency and the crushing effect are improved better.

Further, the outer diameter of the second screen is smaller than the inner diameter of the mounting ring corresponding to the first screen.

Therefore, the second screen can conveniently pass through the inner part of the mounting ring of the first screen to be directly mounted and dismounted.

Furthermore, an inclined material receiving plate is further arranged in the shell below the second screen, and the third discharge port is formed in the shell at the lowest position of the material receiving plate. So that the materials meeting the requirement of particle size can be more conveniently screened and discharged.

As optimization, the casing still includes the overhead guard of the frustum form that is located the upper end including the straight tube-shape of being located the lower part, and the screw thread connects the installation soon between overhead guard and the separation section of thick bamboo, and the pan feeding mouth sets up at the overhead guard middle part, and the separation section of thick bamboo inner wall is provided with the screen cloth mounting structure who is used for installing the screen cloth, screen cloth mounting structure includes a horizontal installation at the inboard collar of casing, and the inboard concave screen cloth installation step that is formed with of collar upper surface, and screen cloth detachably cooperation is installed in screen cloth installation step.

Like this, when the screen cloth needs to be changed, only need to unscrew the overhead guard, can convenient and fast ground pull down the screen cloth and take out, greatly improved the convenience that the screen cloth was changed. Wherein, the top cover is used for preventing the materials in the device from splashing when vibrating and preventing dust from falling into the device.

Preferably, the edge position of the upper surface of the screen is equal to or higher than the position of the upper surface of the mounting ring. So the material that does benefit to on the screen cloth after the filtration screening passes through the collar plate upper surface and follow the discharge gate ejection of compact more.

As the optimization, the collar upper surface still is provided with a plurality of screen cloth fixed establishment, screen cloth fixed establishment includes a horizontal pole, the back of buckling downwards (relying on the bearing) of horizontal pole one end rotationally installs on the collar upper surface, horizontal pole other end middle part can run through with moving about from top to bottom and be provided with the locating lever, the locating lever top is formed with the stopper that extends along the horizontal direction, it is provided with tension spring still to connect between stopper lower surface and the horizontal pole upper surface, the locating lever lower extreme can penetrate the locating hole realization of screen cloth border position under tension spring effect and fix the screen cloth.

Therefore, when the screen is detached from the mounting ring, the screen can be conveniently taken down from the mounting ring only by overcoming the pulling force of the tension spring to pull up the positioning rod and horizontally rotating the cross rod to move away from the range of the screen; is very convenient and fast. Meanwhile, when the screen is installed, the screen fixing mechanism can be relied on by reverse operation, and the screen is quickly fixed. Therefore, convenience in replacing the screen is guaranteed, and reliability in fixing the screen is guaranteed, so that the screen is beneficial to improving the screening effect of the screen.

The better selection is that the tension spring is a spiral spring and is sleeved on the positioning rod. Thus, the force applied by the tension spring is more balanced and stable.

Furthermore, a dispersing mechanism is further arranged in the shell between the feeding port and the screen, the dispersing mechanism comprises a reflecting cylinder which is arranged right opposite to the middle part below the feeding port, the upper part of the reflecting cylinder is a frustum-shaped section with an upward small diameter end, openings at the upper end and the lower end of the reflecting cylinder are arranged in a through mode, the diameter of the opening at the upper end of the reflecting cylinder is smaller than that of the feeding port, and at least one separating cylinder is sequentially sleeved outside the reflecting cylinder at intervals below the frustum-shaped section.

Therefore, after materials enter the shell from the feeding port, a part of the materials can fall onto the reflecting cylinder and are ejected by rebounding outwards after being impacted by the frustum-shaped section at the upper end of the reflecting cylinder, the materials with larger weight can be rebounded far and the rebounds with lighter weight are closer, the outer lower end of the reflecting cylinder is separated into a plurality of falling spaces for the materials with different weights to fall by the separating cylinder, the relatively heavier materials fall from the space close to the outer side, and the relatively lighter materials fall from the space close to the inner side. Like this, the material falls into on the screen cloth more dispersedly and heavier material drops toward the higher screen cloth border position of degree of steadiness, has greatly avoided the screen cloth middle part to receive the heavy material impact for a long time and the easy defect of loss, has prolonged screen cloth life. Simultaneously the material dispersion falls into the screen cloth and can improve the filtration efficiency of screen cloth, and the heavier material that falls into the screen cloth outside in addition is mostly the bold material, so can not shorten the path distance of granule material from the screen cloth inside to the outside (the material falls into behind the screen cloth to lean on vibrating device to drive from the screen cloth middle part and advance all around and follow the discharge gate ejection of compact on the peripheral casing), so can not influence the screening filter effect of material because of the dispersion of material. The separating cylinder arranged in the separating device can better separate the falling area spaces of materials with different weights, and meanwhile, the falling materials can be impacted and energy-dissipated, so that the impact of the materials on the screen is better relieved, and the protection effect on the screen is improved.

Furthermore, a layer of elastic material layer is fixedly arranged on the outer surface of the frustum-shaped section of the reflecting cylinder.

Therefore, the elastic material layer can better improve the rebound ejection effect on the impacted materials, ensure the reliability of the materials with different weights falling from outside to inside in a layering manner, simultaneously buffer and absorb energy by virtue of the elastic material layer, weaken the impact of the materials ejected by reflection on the surrounding separation barrel and the screen below, and prolong the service life of the component.

Furthermore, the elastic material layer is a rubber sleeve made of rubber material and is sleeved and fixed on the frustum-shaped section at the upper end of the reflecting cylinder. The buffer energy absorption device is simple in structure, low in cost, good in buffer energy absorption effect, convenient to install and favorable for replacement and maintenance after damage.

Furthermore, a screening bowl which is integrally in a spherical crown shape is arranged inside the reflecting cylinder, the bottom of the screening bowl faces upwards and is opposite to an opening at the upper end of the reflecting cylinder, a plurality of screening holes are formed in the screening bowl, and the distance between the edge of the screening bowl and the inner wall of the reflecting cylinder is larger than the diameter of the screening holes.

Like this, the setting of branch sieve bowl can be better to the material that port fell into on the reflection section of thick bamboo break up the dispersion and fall on the below screen cloth for each position of screen cloth all has the material to drop, improves the utilization efficiency to the screen cloth. Meanwhile, the screening holes formed in the screening bowl can enable part of small-diameter materials to directly penetrate through and then fall to the middle part of the screen, and part of large-diameter materials fall from the periphery of the screening bowl, so that the large-diameter materials are dispersed outwards for the materials falling into the screen inside the reflecting cylinder, the protection effect on the weakest position of the central strength of the screen is greatly improved, and the service life of the screen is prolonged. Meanwhile, the filtering and screening effects of the materials on the central part of the screen are improved.

As optimization, the periphery of the screening bowl is fixed on the inner wall of the reflecting cylinder by an elastic connecting rod.

Therefore, materials falling from the opening at the upper end of the reflecting cylinder can firstly impact the screening bowl, and the energy of the materials subsequently impacting the screen is reduced by means of energy dissipation through vibration of the elastic connecting rod, so that the screen is better protected; meanwhile, vibration generated by impact can be better beneficial to the sliding process of materials on the screening sieve, and small-diameter materials can directly penetrate through the screening sieve to fall off, so that the screening effect is ensured.

As optimization, the aperture of the screening holes on the screening bowl is gradually increased from the central position to the peripheral position.

Therefore, the particle size of the materials falling through the screening bowl is better distributed from inside to outside in a small-to-large mode, and the protection effect on the weak position in the center of the screen is better improved.

Furthermore, the diameter of the lower end opening of the screening bowl is larger than that of the upper end opening of the reflecting cylinder; the diameter of the opening at the lower end of the reflecting cylinder is larger than that of the feeding opening.

Therefore, materials falling from the feeding port can strike the reflecting cylinder or the screening bowl to achieve energy dissipation and dispersion treatment. The protection effect and the screen cloth screening effect to the screen cloth of below are guaranteed.

Furthermore, the reflecting cylinder and the separating cylinder, the adjacent separating cylinders and the outer separating cylinder and the inner wall of the shell are fixed by fixing rods distributed circumferentially. Thus, the fixing of the dispersion mechanism is conveniently realized.

Furthermore, the shell also comprises a material separating cylinder positioned between the top cover and the separating cylinder, the upper end of the material separating cylinder is connected with the top cover through threads, the lower end of the material separating cylinder is detachably connected with the separating cylinder through a material separating cylinder fixing screw, and the dispersing mechanism is installed in the material separating cylinder.

This makes it easier to assemble and disassemble the entire dispersion mechanism.

Further, feed cylinder terminal surface middle part has the round annular under, the feed cylinder upper end is provided with the round bulge loop and corresponds the joint cooperation in the annular of feed cylinder, still is provided with feed cylinder fixing screw in the feed cylinder lower extreme outside, and feed cylinder fixing screw level inwards passes the feed cylinder and penetrates the bulge loop of feed cylinder upper end and realizes fixing.

Thus, the fixing device has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in disassembly and reliability in fixing.

Preferably, the vibration device comprises a vibration motor device fixed at the middle position of the bottom of the shell, and the vibration motor device is preferably a rotary vibration motor device.

The rotary vibration motor device is a mature existing product, namely a vibration motor device used for a rotary vibration screen, and has the structure that a device shell is arranged outside, a vertical motor is used as an excitation source inside, eccentric weights are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the vertical motor, the rotary motion of the vertical motor is converted into horizontal, vertical and inclined three-dimensional motion, the motion is transmitted to the outside through the device shell, and then is transmitted to a screen through a shell of a screening device, so that materials do outward-expanding involute motion while vibrating on the screen; producing an inward-outward spiral-ring-shaped vibration effect. Rely on rotary vibration motor device can drive the material and realize screening better at the removal in-process like this, improve the screening effect, be favorable to the material of screen cloth upside to the periphery to assemble simultaneously to better utilize in the ejection of compact.

And optimally, the outer side of the upper surface of the mounting ring is obliquely arranged towards the direction of the corresponding discharge hole.

Like this, make things convenient for the material to enter into the collar upper surface back around the screen cloth under the vibration effect more, can collect and follow the discharge gate ejection of compact toward the discharge gate position better.

Further, first discharge gate and second discharge gate respectively have two and respectively along corresponding the collar about the diametric (al) relative setting, the collar outside fore-and-aft direction middle part and inboard are as high as, the outside is along the left and right sides orientation downward sloping gradually setting and link up with the discharge gate. Therefore, materials above the screen mesh can be more conveniently diffused from inside to outside to move to the upper surface of the mounting ring, and then are converged and discharged from the middle part to two sides through the upper surface of the mounting ring.

Further, the vibration device further comprises a resonance structure arranged at the bottom of the shell, and the resonance structure comprises a resonance spring for providing a resonance effect.

Therefore, the vibration screening effect on the materials is improved by means of the resonance effect of the resonance spring.

Further, the resonance structure comprises a lower bottom plate and an upper bottom plate which are arranged at an upper interval and a lower interval and horizontally, the resonance spring is a spiral spring and is arranged between the lower bottom plate and the upper bottom plate, and the shell and the vibration motor device are arranged on the upper bottom plate.

The structure is simple, and the whole shell can generate better resonance effect.

Furthermore, the resonance springs are arranged in a ring shape and are arranged into a plurality of rings from inside to outside along the circle center of the shell, and the elastic force of the resonance springs positioned on the outer ring is smaller than that of the resonance springs positioned inside.

Like this, the resonance spring of outer lane is softer than the inner circle, can be so that the casing resonance time in the circumference toward outside below polarization, can cooperate and enlarge rotary vibration motor's effect better like this for material vibration on the screen cloth can be better from the center to expand all around and finally assemble the ejection of compact from the discharge gate.

Furthermore, the vibrating device further comprises a fixing sleeve fixedly arranged on the outer surface of the rotary vibrating motor, the fixing sleeve is fixedly connected with a plurality of transverse transmission rods horizontally and outwards along the periphery, a plurality of vertical transmission rods vertically and upwards arranged are fixed at the end parts of the transverse transmission rods, and the upper ends of the vertical transmission rods are fixedly connected with the mounting ring for fixing the screen.

Like this, the setting of horizontal transfer line and vertical transfer line can be more directly transmit the screen cloth to the rotary vibration effect of rotary vibration motor along circumference on directly, greatly improved the rotary vibration screening effect to material on the screen cloth for can be better when the material vibration on the screen cloth from the center to expand all around and finally assemble the ejection of compact from the discharge gate.

Preferably, the plurality of transverse transmission rods are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction. In this way, the rotational vibration effect can be transmitted more uniformly and reliably.

As optimization, the inner side of the vertical transmission rod is provided with a positioning boss protruding horizontally corresponding to the position of the mounting ring, the outer side of the mounting ring is provided with a stepping groove corresponding to the vertical transmission rod, the lower part of the stepping groove is concavely provided with a positioning step corresponding to the positioning boss, the vertical transmission rod is clamped in the stepping groove, and the positioning boss is clamped on the positioning step.

Like this, not only the installation of ring self is fixed and is dismantled in the facilitate mounting, relies on the joint cooperation of location boss and location step simultaneously for all there is the face of laminating each other between vertical transfer line and the collar in vertical and horizontal direction, can be better utilize on the collar is used from vertical transfer line direct transmission to rotary vibration, and then drive the screen cloth vibration better, improve screen cloth screening effect.

In conclusion, the invention has the advantage of better improving the electrode recovery treatment efficiency of the electrode material of the lithium battery.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a screening device for electrode materials of lithium batteries used in an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the cut-away perspective structure of fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a separate screen fixing mechanism portion of fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a partially enlarged schematic view of a portion a of the butt structure between the single classifying cylinder and the distributing cylinder in fig. 2.

FIG. 5 is an enlarged schematic view of the upper half of the single separation cartridge in the embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the single mounting ring in the embodiment.

Fig. 7 is a schematic perspective view of fig. 6.

Fig. 8 is a schematic view of another embodiment of the dispersing mechanism shown in fig. 2.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The most preferred embodiment is as follows: a method for crushing and screening electrode materials of waste lithium batteries comprises the steps of screening the crushed electrode materials, classifying and screening the primarily crushed materials, independently taking out light and small materials below the screen for classification, repeatedly crushing the materials without being screened after being taken out, and screening the materials with granularity requirements until the granularity meets the granularity requirements of a subsequent metallurgical treatment process, wherein at least two stages of screens are adopted for screening the granularity requirements, the first stage screen is larger than the second stage screen, the second stage screen is consistent with the granularity requirements of the subsequent metallurgical treatment process of the electrode materials, so that the electrode materials which cannot meet the granularity requirements during screening are divided into two parts with different particle size ranges by the two stages of screens, and the electrode materials of the two parts are respectively taken out, repeatedly crushed and repeatedly screened.

In this embodiment, the method adopts the lithium battery electrode material screening device of fig. 1-7 to realize screening treatment of materials, the lithium battery electrode material screening device comprises a shell, a feeding port 1 is arranged at the middle position of the top of the upper end of the shell, a horizontally arranged screen is installed in the inner cavity of the shell, a vibrating device is arranged below the screen, and corresponding discharge ports are respectively arranged on the shell above and below the screen; the screen comprises a first screen 11 and a second screen 12 which are arranged at intervals from top to bottom, wherein the mesh aperture of the first screen 11 is larger than that of the second screen 12; the discharge port comprises a first discharge port 13 arranged on the shell at the edge position on the upper side of the first screen, a second discharge port 14 arranged on the shell at the edge position on the upper side of the second screen and a third discharge port 15 arranged on the shell below the second screen.

Wherein, the outer diameter of the second screen 12 is smaller than the inner diameter of the corresponding mounting ring of the first screen 11.

Wherein, still be provided with the flitch 16 that connects of slope in the casing below second screen cloth 12, third discharge gate 15 sets up on the casing that connects the flitch 16 lowest position. So that the materials meeting the requirement of particle size can be more conveniently screened and discharged.

Wherein, the casing is including the sorting barrel 2 that is located the straight tube-shape of lower part, still including the overhead guard 3 that is located the frustum form of upper end, and the screw thread connects the installation soon between overhead guard 3 and the sorting barrel 2, and pan feeding mouth 1 sets up at 3 middle parts of overhead guard, and 2 inner walls of sorting barrel are provided with the screen cloth mounting structure who is used for installing the screen cloth, screen cloth mounting structure includes a horizontal mounting at the inboard collar 4 of casing, and the inboard concave screen cloth installation step 5 that is formed with of collar upper surface, and screen cloth detachably cooperates and installs in screen cloth installation step 5.

Wherein, the edge position of the upper surface of the screen is equal to (or higher than) the position of the upper surface of the mounting ring 4. So the material that does benefit to on the screen cloth after the filtration screening passes through the collar plate upper surface and follow the discharge gate ejection of compact more.

Wherein, 4 upper surfaces of collar still are provided with a plurality of screen cloth fixed establishment, screen cloth fixed establishment includes a horizontal pole 6, the back of buckling downwards (relying on the bearing) of 6 one ends of horizontal pole rotationally installs at 4 upper surfaces of collar, 6 other end middle parts of horizontal pole can run through with moving about from top to bottom and be provided with locating

lever

7, 7 tops of locating lever are formed with stopper 8 along the horizontal direction extension, it is provided with tension spring 9 still to connect between stopper 8 lower surface and the horizontal pole upper surface, 7 lower extremes of locating lever can penetrate the locating hole realization of screen cloth border position under tension spring 9 effects and fix the screen cloth.

Wherein, the tension spring 9 is a spiral spring and is sleeved on the positioning rod. Thus, the force applied by the tension spring is more balanced and stable.

The dispersing mechanism is further arranged in the shell between the feeding port and the screen, the dispersing mechanism comprises a reflecting tube 17 which is arranged right opposite to the middle part below the feeding port, the upper part of the reflecting tube 17 is a frustum-shaped section with an upward small diameter end, openings at the upper end and the lower end of the reflecting tube are arranged in a penetrating mode, the diameter of the opening at the upper end of the reflecting tube 17 is smaller than that of the feeding port, and at least one separating tube 18 is sequentially sleeved outside the reflecting tube at intervals below the frustum-shaped section.

Wherein, the outer surface of the frustum-shaped section of the reflecting cylinder 17 is fixedly provided with a layer of elastic material layer 19.

The elastic material layer 19 is a rubber sleeve made of rubber material and is sleeved and fixed on the frustum-shaped section at the upper end of the reflecting cylinder. The buffer energy absorption device is simple in structure, low in cost, good in buffer energy absorption effect, convenient to install and favorable for replacement and maintenance after damage.

Wherein, the inside of the reflection cylinder 17 is also provided with a screening bowl 20 which is integrally in a spherical cap shape, the bottom of the screening bowl 20 is upward and is arranged opposite to the opening at the upper end of the reflection cylinder, the screening bowl 20 is provided with a plurality of screening holes, and the distance between the edge of the screening bowl 20 and the inner wall of the reflection cylinder is larger than the diameter of the screening holes.

Wherein, the periphery of the screening bowl 20 is fixed on the inner wall of the reflecting cylinder 17 by an elastic connecting rod 21.

Wherein, the aperture of the sieve separating hole on the sieve separating bowl 20 is gradually increased from the central position to the peripheral position.

Wherein, the diameter of the lower port of the screening bowl 20 is larger than that of the upper port of the reflecting cylinder 17; the diameter of the opening at the lower end of the reflecting cylinder 17 is larger than that of the feed inlet 4.

Wherein, the fixing between the reflection cylinder 17 and the separation cylinder 18, between the adjacent separation cylinders 18 and between the outer separation cylinder and the inner wall of the shell are realized by fixing rods 22 distributed on the circumference. Thus, the fixing of the dispersion mechanism is conveniently realized.

The shell further comprises a material separating barrel 23 positioned between the top cover and the separating barrel, the upper end of the material separating barrel 23 is connected with the top cover 3 through threads, the lower end of the material separating barrel 23 is detachably connected with the separating barrel 2 through a material separating barrel fixing screw 24, and the dispersing mechanism is installed in the material separating barrel.

Wherein, divide feed cylinder 23 lower terminal surface middle part to have a round annular 25, 2 upper ends of separation cylinder are provided with the round bulge loop and correspond the joint cooperation in the annular 25 of feed cylinder, divide the feed cylinder lower extreme outside still to be provided with feed cylinder set screw 24, divide feed cylinder set screw 24 level inwards to pass feed cylinder 23 and penetrate the bulge loop of 2 upper ends of separation cylinder and realize fixing.

Wherein, the vibration device comprises a vibration motor device fixed at the middle position of the bottom of the shell, and the vibration motor device preferably adopts a rotary vibration motor device 26.

Wherein, the outside of the upper surface of the mounting ring 4 is obliquely arranged towards the direction of the corresponding discharge hole.

Wherein, first discharge gate 13 and second discharge gate 14 respectively have two and respectively along corresponding collar 4 about the diametral direction relative setting, the middle part and the inboard of collar outside fore-and-aft direction are as high as, the outside is along left right direction slope setting and the discharge gate links up gradually downwards. Therefore, materials above the screen mesh can be more conveniently diffused from inside to outside to move to the upper surface of the mounting ring, and then are converged and discharged from the middle part to two sides through the upper surface of the mounting ring.

Wherein, the vibrating device further comprises a resonance structure arranged at the bottom of the shell, and the resonance structure comprises a resonance spring 27 for providing a resonance effect.

Wherein, the resonance structure comprises a lower bottom plate 28 and an upper bottom plate 29 which are arranged horizontally at intervals up and down, the resonance spring 27 is a spiral spring and is arranged between the lower bottom plate 28 and the upper bottom plate 29, and the shell and the vibration motor device are arranged on the upper bottom plate 28.

The resonance springs 27 are arranged in a ring shape and are arranged in a plurality of circles from inside to outside along the center of the shell, and the elastic force of the resonance spring positioned on the outer circle is smaller than that of the resonance spring positioned inside.

The vibrating device further comprises a fixing sleeve 30 fixedly sleeved on the outer surface of the rotary vibrating motor, a plurality of transverse transmission rods 31 are fixedly connected to the fixing sleeve 30 along the periphery and horizontally outwards, a plurality of vertical transmission rods 32 vertically and upwards arranged are fixed to the end portions of the transverse transmission rods 31, and the upper ends of the vertical transmission rods 32 are fixedly connected with the mounting ring 4 for fixing the screen.

Wherein the plurality of transverse transmission rods 31 are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction. In this way, the rotational vibration effect can be transmitted more uniformly and reliably.

Wherein, the inboard vertical transmission pole 32 corresponds the collar position and has horizontal bellied location boss 33, 4 outsides of collar correspond vertical transmission pole and are provided with the recess of stepping down, and the recess lower part position of stepping down corresponds location boss 33 indent and is formed with the location step, and vertical transmission pole 32 joint is in the recess of stepping down, and location boss 33 joint is on the location step.

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the dispersing mechanism of FIG. 2, in an alternative arrangement; reference numeral 20 in the figure denotes a sieving bowl and reference numeral 21 denotes an elastic connecting rod. That is, only the screening bowl and the elastic connecting rod with enlarged volume are arranged between the feeding port and the screen to realize the dispersion of the materials.

Claims

1. A method for crushing and screening electrode materials of waste lithium batteries comprises screening the crushed electrode materials, classifying and screening the primarily crushed materials, separately taking out the light and small materials under the screen for classification, taking out the materials without the screen, repeatedly crushing the materials and screening the materials with granularity requirement until the granularity meets the granularity requirement of the subsequent metallurgical treatment process, characterized in that at least two stages of screens are adopted when screening the granularity requirement, the first stage screen has a larger aperture than the second stage screen, the second stage screen has the same aperture as the granularity requirement of the subsequent metallurgical treatment process of the electrode materials, so that the electrode materials which can not meet the granularity requirement during screening are divided into two parts with different particle size ranges by the two stages of screens, respectively taking out the electrode materials of the two parts, repeatedly crushing and repeatedly screening, wherein, the material between the first-stage screen and the second-stage screen is crushed again even if the material meets the requirement of particle size;

the screening method adopts the following screening device for the lithium battery electrode material to realize screening of materials, wherein the screening device for the lithium battery electrode material comprises a shell, a feeding port is formed in the middle of the top of the upper end of the shell, a horizontally arranged screen is installed in the inner cavity of the shell, a vibrating device is arranged below the screen, and corresponding discharge ports are formed in the shell above and below the screen; the screen comprises a first screen and a second screen which are arranged at intervals from top to bottom, wherein the mesh aperture of the first screen is larger than that of the second screen; the discharge ports comprise a first discharge port arranged on the shell at the edge position on the upper side of the first screen, a second discharge port arranged on the shell at the edge position on the upper side of the second screen and a third discharge port arranged on the shell below the second screen;

a dispersing mechanism is further arranged in the shell between the feeding port and the screen, the dispersing mechanism comprises a reflecting cylinder which is arranged right opposite to the middle part below the feeding port, the upper part of the reflecting cylinder is a frustum-shaped section with a small diameter end upward, openings at the upper end and the lower end are arranged in a through mode, the diameter of the opening at the upper end of the reflecting cylinder is smaller than that of the feeding port, and at least one separating cylinder is sequentially sleeved outside the reflecting cylinder at intervals below the frustum-shaped section;

the inner part of the reflecting cylinder is also provided with a screening bowl which is integrally spherical, the bottom of the screening bowl is upward and is opposite to the opening at the upper end of the reflecting cylinder, a plurality of screening holes are formed in the screening bowl, and the distance between the edge of the screening bowl and the inner wall of the reflecting cylinder is larger than the diameter of the screening holes, so that part of small-diameter materials directly pass through the screening bowl and then fall to the middle part of the screen, and part of large-diameter materials fall from the periphery of the screening bowl.

2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the housing includes a cylindrical separation barrel at a lower portion, and a top cover at an upper end, the top cover and the separation barrel are screwed together, the material inlet is disposed at a middle portion of the top cover, the inner wall of the separation barrel is provided with a screen mounting structure for mounting a screen, the screen mounting structure includes a mounting ring horizontally mounted at an inner side of the housing, an inner side of an upper surface of the mounting ring is recessed to form a screen mounting step, and the screen is detachably fitted and mounted in the screen mounting step.

3. The method for crushing and screening the waste lithium battery electrode material as claimed in claim 2, wherein the upper surface of the mounting ring is further provided with a plurality of screen fixing mechanisms, each screen fixing mechanism comprises a cross rod, one end of each cross rod is bent downwards and then rotatably mounted on the upper surface of the mounting ring, a positioning rod is movably arranged in the middle of the other end of each cross rod in a penetrating manner up and down, a limiting block extending in the horizontal direction is formed at the top of each positioning rod, a tension spring is further connected between the lower surface of each limiting block and the upper surface of each cross rod, and the lower end of each positioning rod can penetrate into a positioning hole at the edge of the screen under the action of the tension spring to fix the screen;

the tension spring is a spiral spring and is sleeved on the positioning rod.

4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein an elastic material layer is fixedly disposed on an outer surface of the frustum-shaped section of the reflecting cylinder.

5. The method for crushing and screening the waste lithium battery electrode material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the periphery of the screening bowl is fixed on the inner wall of the reflecting cylinder by an elastic connecting rod;

the aperture of each sieve pore on the sieve bowl is gradually increased from the central position to the peripheral position;

the diameter of the lower port of the screening bowl is larger than that of the upper port of the reflecting cylinder; the diameter of an opening at the lower end of the reflecting cylinder is larger than that of the feeding opening;

the reflecting cylinder and the separating cylinder, the adjacent separating cylinders and the outer separating cylinder and the inner wall of the shell are fixed by fixing rods distributed in the circumferential direction.

6. The method for crushing and screening the electrode materials of the waste lithium batteries as claimed in claim 1, wherein the housing further comprises a material separating cylinder between the top cover and the material separating cylinder, the upper end of the material separating cylinder is connected with the top cover through a thread, the lower end of the material separating cylinder is detachably connected with the material separating cylinder through a material separating cylinder fixing screw, and the dispersing mechanism is installed in the material separating cylinder;

the feed cylinder terminal surface middle part has the round annular under, the feed cylinder upper end is provided with the round bulge loop and corresponds the joint cooperation in the annular of feed cylinder, and the feed cylinder lower extreme outside still is provided with feed cylinder set screw, and feed cylinder set screw level inwards passes the feed cylinder and penetrates the bulge loop of feed cylinder upper end and realizes fixing.

7. The method for crushing and screening the electrode material of the waste lithium battery as claimed in claim 2, wherein the vibration means comprises a vibration motor means fixed at a middle position of the bottom of the case, the vibration motor means being a rotary vibration motor means;

the outer side of the upper surface of the mounting ring is obliquely arranged towards the direction corresponding to the discharge hole.

8. The method for crushing and screening the electrode material of the waste lithium battery as claimed in claim 7, wherein the vibration means further comprises a resonance structure provided at the bottom of the case, the resonance structure comprising a resonance spring for providing a resonance effect;

the resonance structure comprises a lower bottom plate and an upper bottom plate which are horizontally arranged at intervals up and down, the resonance spring is a spiral spring and is arranged between the lower bottom plate and the upper bottom plate, and the shell and the vibration motor device are arranged on the upper bottom plate;

the resonance springs are arranged in a ring shape and are arranged into a plurality of rings from inside to outside along the circle center of the shell, and the elasticity of the resonance springs positioned on the outer ring is smaller than that of the resonance springs positioned inside.

9. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the vibration unit further comprises a fixing cover fixedly installed on an outer surface of the rotary vibration motor, a plurality of horizontal transmission rods are fixedly connected to the fixing cover horizontally outward along the circumference, a plurality of vertical transmission rods are vertically and upwardly installed to the ends of the horizontal transmission rods, and upper ends of the vertical transmission rods are fixedly connected to the mounting ring of the fixed screen.

10. The method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the inside of the vertical transmission rod has a positioning boss with a horizontal protrusion corresponding to the position of the installation ring, the outside of the installation ring has a recess corresponding to the vertical transmission rod, the lower portion of the recess is formed with a positioning step corresponding to the positioning boss, the vertical transmission rod is engaged in the recess, and the positioning boss is engaged with the positioning step.