CN111642637A - Sheep fattening complete pellet feed, preparation method and sheep feeding method - Google Patents
Sheep fattening complete pellet feed, preparation method and sheep feeding method Download PDFInfo
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- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
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- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
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- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 13-cis retinol Natural products OCC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000201920 Salicornia bigelovii Species 0.000 claims description 4
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N Vitamin A Natural products OC/C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(\C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
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- 235000003042 Salicornia europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
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- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/33—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from molasses
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/22—Compounds of alkali metals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a sheep fattening complete pellet feed, a preparation method and a sheep feeding method, and relates to the technical field of animal feeds. The invention discloses a sheep fattening complete pellet feed which comprises the following raw materials: 0 to 10.7 percent of corn straw, 0 to 9.3 percent of alfalfa hay, 10 to 30 percent of sargentgloryvine straw, 38 to 42 percent of corn, 5 to 6 percent of wheat bran, 10 to 11 percent of soybean meal, 6 to 7 percent of cottonseed meal, 2 to 3 percent of molasses, 0.8 to 1.2 percent of stone powder, 0.5 to 1 percent of salt, 1 to 1.5 percent of sodium bicarbonate and 0.8 to 1.2 percent of premix. The sheep fattening complete pellet feed has high nutritive value and feed utilization rate, can improve sheep production performance and sheep mutton quality, increase economic benefits of herdsmen, relieve the pressure of pasture shortage, and has the advantages of safety and harmlessness.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of animal feeds, in particular to a sheep fattening complete pellet feed, a preparation method and a sheep feeding method.
Background
With the development of social economy in China, the living standard of people is continuously improved, and the demand of healthy and high-quality mutton products is remarkably increased. In actual production, the requirements for the quality of animal products are also increasingly strict. However, the development of animal husbandry and the quality safety of animal products are seriously affected by pasture resource shortage, protein feed shortage, long-term existence of animal epidemic disease prevention and control risks, animal medicine abuse, illegal addition and the like. Researchers have been trying to find new feeds or new feed additives to improve animal product quality, which has become a new focus of ruminant nutrition research. Therefore, the development of the novel fattening feed for sheep has important significance for further developing the sheep breeding industry in China and providing safe mutton products for people.
In view of this, the invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a sheep fattening complete pellet feed, a preparation method and a sheep feeding method. The feed provided by the invention does not contain antibiotics and hormones, can improve the utilization rate of ruminant feed, improve the production performance of animals, improve the quality of sheep meat, increase the economic benefit of herdsmen, and is safe and harmless.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
on one hand, the invention provides a sheep fattening complete pellet feed which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
0 to 10.7 percent of corn straw, 0 to 9.3 percent of alfalfa hay, 10 to 30 percent of sargentgloryvine straw, 38 to 42 percent of corn, 5 to 6 percent of wheat bran, 10 to 11 percent of soybean meal, 6 to 7 percent of cottonseed meal, 2 to 3 percent of molasses, 0.8 to 1.2 percent of stone powder, 0.5 to 1 percent of salt, 1 to 1.5 percent of sodium bicarbonate and 0.8 to 1.2 percent of premix.
Salicornia herbacea (Agriophyllum squarrosum [ Linn. ] Moq.) is a cold-resistant and drought-tolerant annual sand-grown herbaceous plant, which grows on the moving and semi-moving sand dunes in arid-semi-arid regions of China, and is distributed in northeast, northwest, southwest, west, and west regions of China, Mongolia, Sulian Siberia, and Central Asia. The overground part of the plant of the agriophyllum squarrosum is a traditional common medicinal material of Mongolian families, has the functions of clearing heat, detoxifying, dispelling epidemic and promoting urination, the stem contains a plurality of active ingredients such as flavonoids, polyphenols, saccharides, fat, amino acids, alkaloids, coumarin and the like through analysis and determination, the active ingredients are used as main secondary metabolites of plants, have strong activity and low toxic and side effects, and generally have the functions of resisting oxidation, resisting tumors, resisting inflammation, resisting viruses, reducing blood pressure and protecting cardiovascular systems.
The invention applies the Salicornia bigelovii stalks to the breeding field in a form of high added value, prepares the sheep fattening complete pellet feed, and has important significance in improving the utilization efficiency of desert resources, improving the utilization rate of ruminant feed, improving the production performance of animals, increasing the economic profit of herdsmen, relieving the shortage pressure of pasture, protecting the ecological environment and the like.
In addition, the invention adopts the Salicornia Herbacea straws to completely or partially replace the corn straws and the alfalfa hay, thereby relieving the pressure of forage grass shortage on the one hand and improving the utilization rate of desert resources on the other hand; in addition, the components and the dosage of the feed raw materials are scientifically and elaborately prepared by the inventor, the utilization rate of the sheep feed is improved, and the quality of mutton is also improved after the feed is fed.
Further, in an alternative embodiment, the corn stover content is 10.7%, the alfalfa hay content is 9.3%, and the glasswort straw content is 10% in the feedstock.
Further, in an alternative embodiment, the corn stover content is 5.35%, the alfalfa hay content is 4.65%, and the Salicornia bigelovii straw content is 20% in the feedstock.
Further, in an alternative embodiment, the corn stover content is 0%, the alfalfa hay content is 0%, and the glasswort straw content is 30% in the feedstock.
The feed of the three embodiments has high feed utilization rate, and can improve the quality of mutton.
Further, in an alternative embodiment, the premix contains vitamins and trace elements.
Further, in an alternative embodiment, the vitamin is selected from at least one of vitamin a, vitamin D and vitamin E.
Further, in an alternative embodiment, the trace element is selected from at least one of copper, iron, manganese, zinc, iodine, selenium, and cobalt.
Further, in an alternative embodiment, the premix contains vitamin a, vitamin D, vitamin E, elemental copper, elemental iron, elemental manganese, elemental zinc, elemental iodine, elemental selenium, and elemental cobalt.
Further, in an alternative embodiment, each kg of premix contains 40 ten thousand IU of vitamin a, 4 ten thousand IU of vitamin D, 0.8 ten thousand IU of vitamin E, 3600mg of elemental iron, 4000mg of elemental zinc, 400mg of elemental copper, 2000mg of elemental manganese, 20mg of elemental selenium, 20mg of elemental cobalt, and 40mg of elemental iodine.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a sheep fattening complete pellet feed as described in any one of the above, comprising: mixing the components of the raw materials.
In another aspect, the invention provides a method of feeding sheep using a sheep fattening complete pellet feed as described in any of the above.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
The sheep fattening complete pellet feed provided by the embodiment comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
10.7 percent of corn straw, 9.3 percent of alfalfa hay, 10 percent of sargentgloryvine straw, 10 percent of soybean meal, 40 percent of corn, 5.6 percent of wheat bran, 6.9 percent of cottonseed meal, 1.4 percent of baking soda, 1 percent of mountain flour, 2.8 percent of molasses, 0.7 percent of salt and 1 percent of premix.
Wherein the premix contains vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, copper element, iron element, manganese element, zinc element, iodine element, selenium element and cobalt element. Wherein, each kilogram of premix contains 40 ten thousand IU vitamin A, 4 ten thousand IU vitamin D, 0.8 ten thousand IU vitamin E, 3600mg of iron element, 4000mg of zinc element, 400mg of copper element, 2000mg of manganese element, 20mg of selenium element, 20mg of cobalt element and 40mg of iodine element.
The preparation method of the sheep fattening complete pellet feed provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) drying the collected Salicornia Herbacea plants in the sun in natural state until the water content is 10% -15%, and pulverizing.
(2) Crushing corn straws and alfalfa hay, and mixing the crushed sargentgloryvine, the corn straws and the alfalfa hay according to a ratio to obtain a mixed feed A;
(3) uniformly mixing bean pulp, corn, wheat bran, cottonseed meal, baking soda, stone powder, salt and premix according to a proportion to obtain a mixture B;
(4) uniformly mixing the mixture A and the mixture B, adding molasses and a small amount of water according to a proportion, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture C;
(5) and granulating, cooling and screening the mixture C to obtain the novel sheep feed.
In the invention, unqualified materials are screened out and returned again for granulation treatment.
Example 2
The sheep fattening complete pellet feed provided by the embodiment comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
5.3 percent of corn straw, 4.6 percent of alfalfa hay, 20 percent of sargentgloryvine straw, 10 percent of soybean meal, 40 percent of corn, 5.6 percent of wheat bran, 6.9 percent of cottonseed meal, 1.4 percent of baking soda, 1 percent of mountain flour, 2.8 percent of molasses, 0.7 percent of salt and 1 percent of premix.
The preparation method of the sheep fattening complete pellet feed provided by the embodiment is the same as that of the embodiment 1.
Example 3
The sheep fattening complete pellet feed provided by the embodiment comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
30% of agriophyllum squarrosum straws, 10% of soybean meal, 40% of corn, 5.6% of wheat bran, 6.9% of cottonseed meal, 1.4% of sodium bicarbonate, 1% of mountain flour, 2.8% of molasses, 0.7% of salt and 1% of premix.
The preparation method of the sheep fattening complete pellet feed provided by the embodiment is the same as that of the embodiment 1.
Experimental example 1
(1) Test site: gansu province gao lan county gao lan ecology and agriculture comprehensive research station
(2) And (3) experimental design: 48 healthy Tan sheep of 5-6 months old with an average initial weight of 29.6 +/-2.89 kg were selected and randomly divided into 4 treatment groups of 12 replicates each, namely a control group and test groups I, II and III. The control group of sheep fed with the conventional alfalfa hay and corn straw as roughage, the concentrated feed and the concentrated feed in the examples had the same ingredients (see table 1), and the test groups I, II and III fed with the feeds prepared in the examples 1, 2 and 3 of the invention respectively had the same feeding management mode and the nutrient levels of the four groups of feeds were basically the same. And (3) recording the feed intake of each group of sheep every day, recording the weight of each group of sheep every 60 days, and calculating the feed-weight ratio of each stage. And (4) carrying out meat quality analysis after feeding for 128 days, and selecting corresponding indexes for detecting longissimus dorsi.
Table 1 experimental diet composition
(3) Test results
As can be seen from table 2, the diets prepared in examples 1 and 2 reduced the feed-to-weight ratio and improved the feed utilization of sheep in both the 0-60 days and 61-128 days, with the effect of example 1 being particularly significant. The diets obtained from example 1 were significantly different from the control, example 2 and example 3 in the group iii compared, in both feed intake and daily gain at each stage of the trial period. Example 3 the feed ratio was not significantly different from the control group in the first stage (0-60 days), but in the second stage (61-128 days) the feed ratio was significantly higher than the control group, group i and group ii, the feed utilization was reduced, and therefore if the diet formulation of example 3 was chosen, considering the palatability of the agriophyllum squarrosum straw, it would be fed in a short time and not suitable for a long time.
TABLE 2 Effect of the control group diets and the diets prepared in examples 1, 2, and 3 on Tan sheep growth performance
TABLE 3 influence of the diets of the control group and the diets prepared in examples 1, 2 and 3 on the quality of mutton of fattening Tan sheep
The water retention capacity is an important index for evaluating the meat quality, and has direct influence on characteristics of juiciness, color and shearing force and the like of the muscle. The experiment measures the water retention capacity of meat by using drip loss, cooking loss and cooked meat rate. The higher the muscle water content is, the greater the cooking loss and drip loss are, the more water loss is easy, the worse the meat quality is, the loss of meat amount is increased, resulting in a reduction in economic value. Meanwhile, the cells shrink due to dehydration, so that the color of the muscle is poor, the cooked meat rate is higher, the tenderness of the meat is higher, and the water retention performance and the quality of the meat are better. As can be seen from the above table, compared with the control group feed, the thicknesses of the backfat of the sheep prepared in the feed of the examples 1 and 2 are reduced by 4% and 23%, the cooked meat rate is increased by 1% and 5%, the drip loss is reduced by 8% and 9%, the eye muscle area is increased by 2.5% and 1.9%, and the cooking loss and the slaughter rate are consistent with the effect of the control group feed. The quality of the meat of the sheep fed with the feed prepared in the example 3 is equivalent to that of the meat fed with the feed of the control group. Therefore, the sargentgloryvine root is used as novel natural pasture, can replace alfalfa hay and corn straws, increases the utilization rate of sheep feed and the quality of meat products on the basis, improves the utilization efficiency of desert resources, and reduces the pressure of pasture shortage.
Compared with the animal feed in the prior art, the sheep fattening complete pellet feed processed in the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2 has the advantages of improving the conversion rate of ruminant feed, improving the production performance of animals, increasing the economic benefit of herdsmen, enhancing the quality of sheep meat, being safe and harmless, and the like.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The sheep fattening complete pellet feed is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
0 to 10.7 percent of corn straw, 0 to 9.3 percent of alfalfa hay, 10 to 30 percent of sargentgloryvine straw, 38 to 42 percent of corn, 5 to 6 percent of wheat bran, 10 to 11 percent of soybean meal, 6 to 7 percent of cottonseed meal, 2 to 3 percent of molasses, 0.8 to 1.2 percent of stone powder, 0.5 to 1 percent of salt, 1 to 1.5 percent of sodium bicarbonate and 0.8 to 1.2 percent of premix.
2. The sheep fattening complete pellet feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the raw materials, the corn stover content is 10.7%, the alfalfa hay content is 9.3%, and the Salicornia bigelovii straw content is 10%.
3. The sheep fattening complete pellet feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the raw materials, the corn stover content is 5.35%, the alfalfa hay content is 4.65%, and the Salicornia europaea straw content is 20%.
4. The sheep fattening complete pellet feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the raw materials, the corn stover content is 0%, the alfalfa hay content is 0%, and the Salicornia bigelovii straw content is 30%.
5. The sheep fattening complete pellet feed as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein said premix comprises vitamins and trace elements.
6. The sheep fattening complete pellet feed as claimed in claim 5, wherein the vitamins are selected from at least one of vitamin A, vitamin D and vitamin E.
7. The sheep fattening complete pellet feed as claimed in claim 5, wherein the trace elements are selected from at least one of copper, iron, manganese, zinc, iodine, selenium and cobalt.
8. The sheep fattening complete pellet feed as claimed in claim 5, wherein the premix contains vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, copper, iron, manganese, zinc, iodine, selenium and cobalt.
9. A method for preparing a sheep fattening complete pellet feed as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it comprises: mixing the components of the raw materials.
10. A method of feeding sheep, characterized in that the sheep is fed with a sheep fattening complete pellet feed for sheep according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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