CN111642610A - Physical wall-breaking method for fresh hemp flowers and leaves - Google Patents
Physical wall-breaking method for fresh hemp flowers and leaves Download PDFInfo
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- CN111642610A CN111642610A CN202010653409.9A CN202010653409A CN111642610A CN 111642610 A CN111642610 A CN 111642610A CN 202010653409 A CN202010653409 A CN 202010653409A CN 111642610 A CN111642610 A CN 111642610A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23F3/00—Tea; Tea substitutes; Preparations thereof
- A23F3/34—Tea substitutes, e.g. matè; Extracts or infusions thereof
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Abstract
The invention discloses a physical wall breaking method of fresh hemp flowers and leaves, relates to a method for realizing water extraction by physically breaking the walls of the fresh hemp flowers and leaves, and aims to solve the problem that the water-soluble active ingredients are low because the existing method for directly breaking the walls of the fresh hemp flowers and leaves is adopted. The physical wall breaking method comprises the following steps: firstly, heating the fresh hemp flower by hot air at 35-40 ℃, and extracting moisture by an exhaust fan to obtain softened hemp flower and leaf; cooling the hemp leaves on a conveyor belt by cold air, and naturally balancing the moisture; thirdly, spraying the compound enzyme solution on the cooled hemp flowers and leaves after atomization; fourthly, breaking cell walls; fifthly, curing and enzyme deactivation; sixthly, covering the cured flowers and leaves with fiber cloth for fermentation; seventhly, extruding, adsorbing and shaping; eighthly, drying and shaping the leaves in two stages. The method can effectively reduce THC and greatly improve the solid content of cannabinoid by physically breaking the walls of fresh hemp flowers and leaves so as to achieve the water extraction condition.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for water extraction by physical wall breaking of fresh hemp flowers and leaves.
Background
The cell wall breaking is a superfine powder processing technology, if the traditional Chinese medicine is crushed by a conventional mode, a single particle of the traditional Chinese medicine is usually composed of a plurality of or dozens of cells, and the cell wall breaking rate is extremely low. The cell wall breaking and superfine grinding processing technology of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials can fully release the effective components of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials. After the cell wall is broken, the water and oil in the cell are migrated out, so that the surfaces of the particles are in a semi-moist state, stable particle groups can be formed among the particles, and each particle group contains the traditional Chinese medicine components in the same proportion. The physical structure of the particle group is different with different combinations and different interactions of HLB (hydrophile-lipophile balance), ductility, fragmentivity, specific gravity and the like of each component in the composition. The structure is beneficial to the absorption and utilization of the traditional Chinese medicine by the human body.
However, the existing superfine powder is easy to oxidize and brown stain and generate new substances when contacting air at normal temperature, so that the quality of the product is influenced; the superfine powder is used for extraction, and waste residues easily block the pipeline of equipment, are not easy to clean and are easy to mildew. How to realize the integrity of hemp flower and leaf wall breaking is the key of research and development.
The existing high-end tea processing technology is as follows:
picking fresh leaves → withering (4-5 h in shade and 40-50% of water loss rate) → sunning (25-30 ℃ and 10-20min) → rocking (5 times of rocking and different time and rotating speed) → fermenting (25-30 ℃ and 10h) → removing green (180 + 200 ℃ and 4-5min) → kneading (2 times and 8min altogether) → deblocking → drying (gross fire, about 90 min and full fire 2-2.5 h) → finished product.
However, hemp leaves are large and flowers are immediately melted when they are in contact with water, so that the traditional tea making method cannot be used.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a physical wall-breaking method for fresh hemp flowers and leaves, aiming at solving the problems that the existing hemp adopts a direct smashing wall-breaking method, the water-soluble effective ingredients are low, and the water extraction conditions cannot be met.
The physical wall breaking method of the fresh hemp flowers and leaves is realized according to the following steps:
conveying a hemp fresh leaf flower raw material to a plate-type chain belt, wherein the laying thickness of the hemp fresh leaf flower on the plate-type chain belt is 0.5-1 cm, the temperature for heating the hemp fresh leaf flower by hot air is 35-40 ℃, and steam is extracted by an exhaust fan to obtain softened hemp flower leaves;
secondly, cooling the softened hemp flowers and leaves to 20-25 ℃ on a conveying belt through cold air, stacking the cooled hemp flowers and leaves, standing for 1-1.5 hours, and naturally balancing moisture to obtain cooled hemp flowers and leaves;
dissolving a complex enzyme consisting of cellulase and pectinase in water to obtain a complex enzyme solution, spraying the complex enzyme solution on cooled hemp flowers and leaves after atomization, standing and catalyzing for 30-50 minutes to obtain the flowers and leaves after enzymolysis;
fourthly, the leaves after enzymolysis are sent into a (physical) rolling machine for rolling, and the leaves after wall breaking are obtained;
fifthly, curing and enzyme deactivation are carried out on the wall-broken flower leaves at the temperature of 200-250 ℃ to obtain cured flower leaves;
sixthly, placing the cured flower leaves on a base plate, covering fiber cloth, keeping the internal temperature of the flower leaves at 55-65 ℃, and fermenting for 1-2 hours to obtain fermented flower leaves;
seventhly, performing bidirectional extrusion on the fermented flower leaves to enable flower leaf cell sap to overflow, then enabling the flower leaf cell sap to enter a rolling deblocking machine for deblocking, and screening out flower seeds through round holes in the wall of the deblocking machine to obtain shaped flower leaves;
eighthly, drying and shaping the flowers and leaves in two stages, drying the flowers and leaves at the temperature of 100 ℃ in the first stage to enable the water content of the flowers and leaves to be 15-20%, drying the flowers and leaves at the temperature of 110 ℃ in the second stage to enable the water content of the flowers and leaves to be 7-8%, and finishing the physical wall breaking of the fresh hemp flowers and leaves;
wherein the mass percentage of the complex enzyme in the complex enzyme solution in the third step is 2.5-3.5%.
The physical wall breaking method for the fresh hemp leaf flowers has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention mainly destroys cell membrane on fresh leaf surface, removes colloid and alkaloid, makes medium water penetrate into substance, saturates and alternatively releases water-soluble effective components, and achieves water-soluble extract.
2. Alkaloid is reduced, THC content is reduced by about 50%, solid content of cannabinoid is increased by 6-8 times, and water extraction condition is achieved. The invention breaks through the process method of eluting Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) without using organic solvent. The leaves and flowers are dried to have the water content of 8 percent and are not deteriorated after being stored at normal temperature.
3. The wall breaking method of fresh leaves combines with the technologies of purified water extraction and imprinted molecular separation, and the dried powder is instant powder, so that Cannabidiol (CBD) and related polymer components are mainly extracted and separated, the product is standard and safe, the quality is stable, and qualitative, quantitative and uniform control can be realized.
4. The physical wall breaking process of the fresh marijuana leaves is a pretreatment technology of a water-soluble food additive, so that the product reaches American standards (FDA), European Union (CE) and Japanese standards, and the standard is not on the oral level without solvent residue.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the physical wall breaking method of the fresh hemp leaf flowers in the embodiment is implemented according to the following steps:
conveying a hemp fresh leaf flower raw material to a plate-type chain belt, wherein the laying thickness of the hemp fresh leaf flower on the plate-type chain belt is 0.5-1 cm, the temperature for heating the hemp fresh leaf flower by hot air is 35-40 ℃, and steam is extracted by an exhaust fan to obtain softened hemp flower leaves;
secondly, cooling the softened hemp flowers and leaves to 20-25 ℃ on a conveying belt through cold air, stacking the cooled hemp flowers and leaves, standing for 1-1.5 hours, and naturally balancing moisture to obtain cooled hemp flowers and leaves;
dissolving a complex enzyme consisting of cellulase and pectinase in water to obtain a complex enzyme solution, spraying the complex enzyme solution on cooled hemp flowers and leaves after atomization, standing and catalyzing for 30-50 minutes to obtain the flowers and leaves after enzymolysis;
fourthly, the leaves after enzymolysis are sent into a (physical) rolling machine for rolling, and the leaves after wall breaking are obtained;
fifthly, curing and enzyme deactivation are carried out on the wall-broken flower leaves at the temperature of 200-250 ℃ to obtain cured flower leaves;
sixthly, placing the cured flower leaves on a base plate, covering fiber cloth, keeping the internal temperature of the flower leaves at 55-65 ℃, and fermenting for 1-2 hours to obtain fermented flower leaves;
seventhly, performing bidirectional extrusion on the fermented flower leaves to enable flower leaf cell sap to overflow, then enabling the flower leaf cell sap to enter a rolling deblocking machine for deblocking, and screening out flower seeds through round holes in the wall of the deblocking machine to obtain shaped flower leaves;
eighthly, drying and shaping the flowers and leaves in two stages, drying the flowers and leaves at the temperature of 100 ℃ in the first stage to enable the water content of the flowers and leaves to be 15-20%, drying the flowers and leaves at the temperature of 110 ℃ in the second stage to enable the water content of the flowers and leaves to be 7-8%, and finishing the physical wall breaking of the fresh hemp flowers and leaves;
wherein the mass percentage of the complex enzyme in the complex enzyme solution in the third step is 2.5-3.5%.
The purpose of the physical wall breaking of the fresh hemp leaf flower of the embodiment is as follows: removing insects, spiders, insect eggs, pollen and hempseeds from the hempseeds; ② removing chlorophyll in the hemp flower and leaf; ③ reducing alkaloid (namely THC) in the hemp flower and leaf; wall breaking mainly destroys fence tissues to generate honeycomb pores so that the penetrated pores reach extraction conditions; fifthly, the raw material cells and fibers are not easy to oxidize and wither after wall breaking, and the active ingredients can be preserved for a long time by ventilating and storing at normal temperature.
The embodiment removes colloid, polysaccharide, protein, bacteria, microorganism and the like by breaking the wall of the fresh leaves, so that the effective components are dissolved in water, necessary conditions are created for water extraction processing, and water extraction raw materials are provided.
The second embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the moisture content of the hemp flowers and leaves softened in the first step is 35% to 40%.
In the first step of the embodiment, the water content of the fresh leaves is 50% -80%, the water content of the flower and leaf fiber membrane is reduced to 35-40% through heating and air draft, the outer edges of the leaves are dehydrated and converted, the touch feeling is soft, and the softening degree of the softened hemp flower and leaves is about 50%.
The third concrete implementation mode: the embodiment is different from the first embodiment or the second embodiment in that the stacking thickness of the hemp leaves cooled in the second step is 30-40 cm.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between the present embodiment and one of the first to third embodiments is that the moisture content of the flower leaves cured in the fifth step is 20% to 28%.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the difference between the first embodiment and the fourth embodiment is that in the seventh embodiment, 800-1500 pounds of pressure is used to perform bidirectional extrusion on the fermented flower leaves.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the present embodiment is different from one of the first to fifth embodiments in that the flower leaves shaped in the seventh step are lumpy.
The seventh embodiment: the difference between this embodiment and the first to sixth embodiments is that the trimmed leaves are dried by a chain plate dryer in step eight.
Example (b): the physical wall breaking method for the fresh marijuana leaves is implemented according to the following steps:
firstly, catalytic softening: conveying hemp fresh leaf flower raw materials (THC < 0.3%) to a plate-type chain belt through a pneumatic conveying roller machine, wherein the roller is made of bamboo or rattan, the aperture is 0.5cm, small particles naturally fall off through the rotation of a variable frequency motor, sundry debris such as insect eggs, living insects, plant fluff and the like are removed, the operation is carried out for 10 minutes, 95% of impurities can be removed, the laying thickness of the hemp fresh leaf flower on the plate-type chain belt is 0.6cm, the temperature for heating the hemp fresh leaf flower by hot air is 37 ℃, and steam is extracted by an exhaust fan to obtain softened hemp flower leaves;
balancing moisture: cooling the softened hemp leaves on a conveying belt to 25 ℃ by cold air, placing the cooled hemp leaves on a bracket or a ground paved with fiber cloth, stacking the hemp leaves with the thickness of 35cm, standing for 1h, and naturally balancing the moisture to obtain the cooled hemp leaves (the whole leaf softening degree reaches 30%);
thirdly, enzymolysis process: dissolving a complex enzyme consisting of cellulase and pectinase in water to obtain a complex enzyme solution, atomizing the complex enzyme solution, spraying the atomized complex enzyme solution on cooled hemp leaves, standing for 50 minutes for catalysis, destroying cell walls, and helping release components in the cells to obtain the flower leaves subjected to enzymolysis;
fourthly, breaking cell walls: rolling the enzymolyzed flower leaves in a (physical) rolling machine to destroy the upper epidermis and fence tissue, so that colloid floats on the surface of the flower leaves to obtain wall-broken flower leaves;
fifthly, killing enzyme and curing: curing and inactivating enzyme of the flower leaves subjected to wall breaking by adopting a frying pan at the temperature of 230 ℃, removing colloid, removing chlorophyll, inactivating enzyme and sterilizing to obtain cured flower leaves, wherein the water content of the flower leaves is 25-28%;
sixthly, fermentation process: placing the cured flower leaves on a base plate, covering a fiber cloth, keeping the internal temperature of the flower leaves at 60-65 ℃, fermenting for 1.5 hours, homogenizing the color value, improving the water-soluble solid content, and keeping the stability of a derivative product to obtain the fermented flower leaves;
seventhly, extruding, adsorbing and shaping: performing bidirectional extrusion on the fermented flower leaves to enable flower leaf cell sap to overflow, then, deblocking the flower leaves in a rolling deblocking machine, and screening out flower seeds through round holes in the wall of the deblocking machine to obtain shaped flower leaves;
eighthly, two-stage drying: drying and shaping the flowers and leaves in two stages, drying the flowers and leaves at the temperature of 100 ℃ in the first stage to enable the water content of the flowers and leaves to be 15% -17%, drying the flowers and leaves at the temperature of 110 ℃ in the second stage to enable the water content of the flowers and leaves to be 7-8%, completely permeating and drying the flowers and leaves to reach the safe packaging standard, preventing the flowers and leaves from being infested and mildewed, and finally packaging by adopting a woven bag with a black PP material as a lining, keeping out of the sun and preventing moisture, thereby completing the physical wall breaking of the fresh hemp leaves and flowers;
wherein the mass percentage of the compound enzyme in the compound enzyme solution in the third step is 3.0 percent.
In the first step of the embodiment, the temperature for heating fresh hemp leaves and flowers by hot air is controlled to be 35-40 ℃, the leaves and flowers can be burnt and blackened when the temperature is higher than the temperature, the internal fiber is aged, and the components are seriously lost; the temperature is too low, the wall breaking condition can not be achieved, and the product is unstable; the distributed exhaust fan is used for extracting water vapor to reduce the water content of the flower leaf fiber membrane to 35% -40%, and the outer edge of the leaf is dehydrated and converted, so that the touch feeling is soft; the equipment requires a closed, thermostatically controlled, softening degree of about 50%.
In the second step of the embodiment, the leaves are cooled, so that no hot temperature is generated during stacking, and fermentation is avoided.
In the seventh step of the embodiment, the fermented flower leaves are subjected to bidirectional extrusion to enable cell sap to overflow, then the flower leaves enter a rolling deblocking machine for deblocking, the flower seeds are screened out through round holes in the wall of the deblocking machine, and the operation is repeated for 6-7 times to form blocks, so that the phenomenon that oil and THC in the flower seeds are sucked out to extrude cell juice of the flower leaves is avoided.
The leaves and flowers of the cannabis sativa contain alkaloids and seeds, and the THC and chlorophyll content can be greatly reduced by breaking the walls; and (3) removing colloid to achieve the condition of extracting water-soluble CBD, thereby improving the content of CBD and maximally retaining the effective components.
In this example, the complete disruption of the mosaic wall was performed to maintain the basic shape of the mosaic. The traditional wall breaking method is that the wall is directly broken, fibers and cell walls are broken into powder, light and air easily oxidize and brown the powder, and substances are denatured.
Through dozens of comparison experiments, three raw materials are respectively dissolved in 100 ml of purified water at 100 ℃, and the following data are respectively obtained:
the water-soluble solid content of 6 g of fresh leaves is detected to be 0, the water-soluble solid content of 3 g of dry leaves is detected to be 0.2%, and the water-soluble solid content of the raw material after 3 g of wall breaking is detected to be 0.6%.
Proved by small test, pilot test and yield, the inherent amount of the water-soluble active ingredients can be improved by 100 percent through the wall breaking process.
Claims (7)
1. The physical wall-breaking method of fresh hemp flowers and leaves is characterized in that the physical wall-breaking method for realizing water extraction is realized according to the following steps:
conveying a hemp fresh leaf flower raw material to a plate-type chain belt, wherein the laying thickness of the hemp fresh leaf flower on the plate-type chain belt is 0.5-1 cm, the temperature for heating the hemp fresh leaf flower by hot air is 35-40 ℃, and steam is extracted by an exhaust fan to obtain softened hemp flower leaves;
secondly, cooling the softened hemp flowers and leaves to 20-25 ℃ on a conveying belt through cold air, stacking the cooled hemp flowers and leaves, standing for 1-1.5 hours, and naturally balancing moisture to obtain cooled hemp flowers and leaves;
dissolving a complex enzyme consisting of cellulase and pectinase in water to obtain a complex enzyme solution, spraying the complex enzyme solution on cooled hemp flowers and leaves after atomization, standing and catalyzing for 30-50 minutes to obtain the flowers and leaves after enzymolysis;
fourthly, rolling the leaves subjected to enzymolysis in a rolling machine to obtain wall-broken leaves;
fifthly, curing and enzyme deactivation are carried out on the wall-broken flower leaves at the temperature of 200-250 ℃ to obtain cured flower leaves;
sixthly, placing the cured flower leaves on a base plate, covering fiber cloth, keeping the internal temperature of the flower leaves at 55-65 ℃, and fermenting for 1-2 hours to obtain fermented flower leaves;
seventhly, performing bidirectional extrusion on the fermented flower leaves to enable flower leaf cell sap to overflow, then enabling the flower leaf cell sap to enter a rolling deblocking machine for deblocking, and screening out flower seeds through round holes in the wall of the deblocking machine to obtain shaped flower leaves;
eighthly, drying and shaping the flowers and leaves in two stages, drying the flowers and leaves at the temperature of 100 ℃ in the first stage to enable the water content of the flowers and leaves to be 15-20%, drying the flowers and leaves at the temperature of 110 ℃ in the second stage to enable the water content of the flowers and leaves to be 7-8%, and finishing the physical wall breaking of the fresh hemp flowers and leaves;
wherein the mass percentage of the complex enzyme in the complex enzyme solution in the third step is 2.5-3.5%.
2. The physical wall-breaking method of fresh hemp flowers and leaves according to claim 1, characterized in that the water content of the hemp flowers and leaves softened in the first step is 35-40%.
3. The physical wall-breaking method of fresh hemp flowers and leaves according to claim 1, wherein the stacking thickness of the cooled hemp flowers and leaves in the second step is 30-40 cm.
4. The physical wall-breaking method of fresh hemp flowers and leaves according to claim 1, characterized in that the water content of the flowers and leaves aged in the fifth step is 20% -28%.
5. The method for physically breaking the wall of fresh hemp flowers and leaves according to claim 1, wherein in the seventh step, the fermented flowers and leaves are subjected to bidirectional extrusion under 800-1500 pounds of pressure.
6. The method for physically breaking the walls of fresh hemp flowers and leaves according to claim 1, wherein the shaped flowers and leaves in step seven are in block form.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein drying the shaped leaves in step eight with a chain plate dryer.
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| CN202010653409.9A CN111642610A (en) | 2020-07-08 | 2020-07-08 | Physical wall-breaking method for fresh hemp flowers and leaves |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114532075A (en) * | 2022-01-10 | 2022-05-27 | 黑龙江省农业机械工程科学研究院佳木斯分院 | Technological method for separating leaves, branches and trunks of hemp for leaves and flowers |
| CN115317529A (en) * | 2022-08-10 | 2022-11-11 | 江苏本草新萃生物科技有限公司 | Physical wall breaking method for pseudo-ginseng leaves |
-
2020
- 2020-07-08 CN CN202010653409.9A patent/CN111642610A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114532075A (en) * | 2022-01-10 | 2022-05-27 | 黑龙江省农业机械工程科学研究院佳木斯分院 | Technological method for separating leaves, branches and trunks of hemp for leaves and flowers |
| CN115317529A (en) * | 2022-08-10 | 2022-11-11 | 江苏本草新萃生物科技有限公司 | Physical wall breaking method for pseudo-ginseng leaves |
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Application publication date: 20200911 |