CN111620611A - 一种碳增效无铅水泥基压电复合材料及制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种碳增效无铅水泥基压电复合材料及制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于压电材料技术领域,具体为一种碳增效无铅水泥基压电复合材料及制备方法与应用。该复合材料是由碳、水泥、无铅压电陶瓷颗粒组成,以助磨剂为介质,球磨混合均匀后,加水,充分搅拌后,压制成型,养护、干燥,再经极化、老化后即可用于制备土木、交通工程传感器。本发明的压电复合材料具有优异的压电效应。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于压电材料领域,具体为一种碳增效无铅水泥基压电复合材料及制备方法与应用。
背景技术
锆钛酸铅(PZT)压电陶瓷,由于其压电性能优异,得到了广泛的应用。PZT水泥基压电复合材料可用于建筑混凝土结构监测的传感器。一方面PZT压电陶瓷含有大量的铅(Pb),PZT压电陶瓷在制备、使用、回收和废弃的过程中,都会给环境和人类带来损害。另一方面由于具有压电性能的PZT在水泥中呈弥散分布,水泥相阻碍了压电相所产生的电荷的传递,降低了PZT压电颗粒之间的连通性,使得PZT水泥基复合材料的亚低昂相应较低,响应信号难以监测。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明一方面提供了一种压电响应高的碳增效无铅水泥基压电复合材料,该材料利用碳的优良导电性,增强了弥散在水泥中的无铅压电陶瓷所产生的电子的传导性,所制备的复合材料不仅具有良好的压电效应,亦具有优异的环境协调性、污染少。
另一方面提供了该压电响应高的碳增效无铅水泥基压电复合材料的制备方法,制备方法简单,易于工业化生产。
本发明还提供了压电响应高的碳增效无铅水泥基压电复合材料的应用,该材料可用于制备用于土木、交通领域的混凝土结构的传感器。
为实现上述目的,本发明的技术方案为:
一种碳增效无铅水泥基压电复合材料,包括以下质量百分比的组分:20~60%水泥,40~75%无铅压电陶瓷,0~5%碳。
进一步,所述无铅压电陶瓷包括钛酸钡(BaTiO3)、铁酸铋(BiFeO3)、钛酸铋(BiTiO3)、铌酸钠(NaNbO3)、氧化锆-氧化铪固溶体(HfxZryO2)、钛酸钡-铁酸铋固溶体(BaTiO3-BiFeO3)、钛酸钡基陶瓷、铁酸铋基陶瓷、钛酸铋基陶瓷、铌酸钠基陶瓷中的一种或多种。
进一步,所述碳为碳粉或碳纳米管。
进一步,所述碳粉的平均粒径≤100nm,碳纳米管直径≤60nm。
一种碳增效无铅水泥基压电复合材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将碳、无铅压电陶瓷、水泥与水混合均匀,助磨剂作用下球磨得到混合料;
(2)将混合料压制成特定形状,在湿度100%的环境中水化1~28天,干燥即得一种碳增效无铅水泥基压电复合材料。
进一步,所述步骤(1)中加入水的量重量为水泥、碳和无铅压电陶瓷重量之和的5~10%。
进一步,所述助磨剂为无水乙醇或乙二醇。
该碳增效无铅水泥基压电复合材料在土木、交通工程的传感器的制备中的应用。具体为:将上述步骤(2)所得的干燥的复合材料体两面涂银电极,在硅油中用高压直流电源极化,老化后即得到一种碳增效无铅水泥基压电复合材料制备的产品,该产品可用于混凝土结构的健康状况和服役状态的检测。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
本发明将碳与无铅陶瓷及水泥复合,利用碳的优良导电性,增强了弥散在水泥中的无铅压电陶瓷所产生的电子的传导性,所制备的复合材料不仅具有良好的压电效应,亦具有优异的环境协调性、污染少。该压电复合材料与被检测的混凝土结构拥有很好的界面及阻抗匹配性,是一种性能优良的传感器材料。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
实施例1
本实施例的一种碳增效无铅水泥基压电复合材料的制备方法,具体为:
(1)将8g Hf0.5Zr0.5O2和6g NaNbO3(共14g)、6g水泥干法混合均匀,以乙醇作为助磨剂,球磨混合20分钟后,干燥使乙醇挥发,得混合粉体;
(2)向步骤(1)所得的混合粉体中加水,加水量为混合粉体重量的6%(1.2g),均匀混合,将混合料在80MPa压力下压制成圆片状,放入湿度100%的环境中水化48小时后,干燥。
干燥后,圆片两面涂银电极,在6kV直流电压下在硅油中极化30分钟,极化温度为120℃;将极化后的圆片包覆锡箔,在60℃中放置12小时老化。所得到的无铅高效水泥基压电复合材料的压电应变常数为35 pC/N。
实施例2
本实施例的一种碳增效无铅水泥基压电复合材料的制备方法与实施例相同,不同的是,步骤(1)中将8g Hf0.5Zr0.5O2和6g NaNbO3(共14g)、6g水泥、1g碳粉干法混合均匀,以乙醇作为助磨剂,球磨混合20分钟后,干燥使乙醇挥发,得混合粉体。
所得到的无铅高效水泥基压电复合材料的压电应变常数为65 pC/N。
实施例3
本实施例的一种碳增效无铅水泥基压电复合材料的制备方法,具体为:
(1)将15g BaTiO3和NaNbO3、5g水泥以及1.0g碳粉干法混合均匀,以乙醇作为助磨剂,球磨混合30分钟后,干燥使乙醇挥发,得混合粉体;
(2)向步骤(1)所得的混合粉体中加水,加水量为混合粉体重量的8%(1.6g),均匀混合,将混合料在80MPa压力下压制成圆片状,放入湿度100%的环境中水化24小时后,干燥。
干燥后,圆片两面涂银电极,在7.5kV直流电压下在硅油中极化30分钟,极化温度为160℃;将极化后的圆片包覆锡箔,在60℃中放置12小时老化。所得到的无铅高效水泥基压电复合材料的压电应变常数为60 pC/N。
实施例4
本实施例的一种碳增效无铅水泥基压电复合材料的制备方法,具体为:
(1)将9g BaTiO3和11g BiTiO3-BiFeO3(共20g)、12g水泥以及0.5g碳纳米管干法混合均匀,以乙醇作为助磨剂,球磨混合25分钟后,干燥使乙醇挥发,得混合粉体;
(2)向步骤(1)所得的混合粉体中加水,加水量为混合粉体重量的10%(3.2g),均匀混合,将混合料在100MPa压力下压制成圆片状,放入湿度100%的环境中水化24小时后,干燥。
干燥后,圆片两面涂银电极,在6kV直流电压下在硅油中极化30分钟,极化温度为120℃;将极化后的圆片包覆锡箔,在60℃中放置12小时老化。所得到的无铅高效水泥基压电复合材料的压电应变常数为45 pC/N。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (9)
1.一种碳增效无铅水泥基压电复合材料,其特征在于,该复合材料包括以下质量百分比的组分:20~60%水泥,40~75%无铅压电陶瓷,0~5%碳。
2.根据权利要求1所述的碳增效无铅水泥基压电复合材料,其特征在于,所述无铅压电陶瓷包括BaTiO3、BiFeO3、BiTiO3、NaNbO3、HfxZryO2、BaTiO3-BiFeO3、钛酸钡基陶瓷、铁酸铋基陶瓷、钛酸铋基陶瓷、铌酸钠基陶瓷中的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的碳增效无铅水泥基压电复合材料,其特征在于,所述碳为碳粉或碳纳米管。
4.根据权利要求3所述的碳增效无铅水泥基压电复合材料,其特征在于,所述碳粉的平均粒径≤100nm,碳纳米管直径≤60nm。
5.一种碳增效无铅水泥基压电复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,该制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将碳、无铅压电陶瓷、水泥与水混合均匀,助磨剂作用下球磨得到混合料;
(2)将混合料压制成特定形状,在湿度100%的环境中水化1~28天,干燥即得一种碳增效无铅水泥基压电复合材料。
6.根据权利要求1所述的碳增效无铅水泥基压电复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中加入水的量重量为水泥、碳和无铅压电陶瓷重量之和的5~10%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的碳增效无铅水泥基压电复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述助磨剂为无水乙醇或乙二醇。
8.权利要求1至5任一项所述的碳增效无铅水泥基压电复合材料在土木或交通工程的传感器的制备中的应用。
9.根据权利要求8所述的应用,其特征在于,具体的应用方法为:将碳增效无铅水泥基压电复合材料体两面涂银电极,在硅油中用高压直流电源极化,老化后即得到一种碳增效无铅水泥基压电复合材料制备的产品,该产品可用于混凝土结构的健康状况和服役状态的检测。
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