CN111662051A - 一种无铅水泥基压电复合材料及制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种无铅水泥基压电复合材料及制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000887 hydrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 8
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- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052451 lead zirconate titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000449 hafnium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QQIUEZPRJAABMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(4+) oxygen(2-) zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4].[Hf+4] QQIUEZPRJAABMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CJNBYAVZURUTKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Hf]=O CJNBYAVZURUTKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zirconate titanate Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4].[Zr+4].[Pb+2] HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
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Abstract
本发明属于压电材料技术领域,具体为一种无铅水泥基压电复合材料及制备方法与应用。该复合材料是由水泥、HfxZryO2、BaTiO3陶瓷颗粒组成,以助磨剂为介质,球磨混合均匀后,加水,充分搅拌后,压制成型,养护、干燥,再经极化、老化后即可用于制备传感器。本发明的压电复合材料不仅易极化,具有良好的压电响应,与建筑材料具有良好的相容性,而且由于不含铅,对环境无污染,是一种用于土木、交通工程的传感器制备的优异材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于压电材料领域,具体为一种无铅水泥基压电复合材料及制备方法与应用。
背景技术
20世纪50年代发展起来的锆钛酸铅(PZT)压电陶瓷,由于其压电性能优异,得到了广泛的应用,在世界压电铁电材料市场占90%以上份额。但是,PZT压电陶瓷含有大量的铅(Pb),其原料中氧化铅的占比可高达70%,这些铅基压电陶瓷在制备、使用、回收和废弃的过程中,都会给环境和人类带来损害。随着社会可持续发展观念的深入和人们对自然生存环境的关注,一场压电陶瓷无铅化的发展浪潮正席卷全球压电铁电材料领域。
钛酸钡(BaTiO3)作为一种成熟可靠的无铅压电材料,具有优异的压电性能和介电性能。所制备的水泥基压电复合材料不仅压电性能优异、精度较高,而且对环境友好,具有广泛的应用前景和发展空间。但是由于BaTiO3的居里温度较低(TC≈80℃),导致以纯相BaTiO3为压电功能体的水泥基压电复合材料在较高温度下不再具有压电响应,这一缺陷大大限制住了其在混凝土结构工程中的应用。
氧化锆-氧化铪固溶体(HfxZryO2)不仅具有居里温度高、压电性能优异、剩余极化强度大、漏电流小,而且不会污染环境。当Hf:Zr为1:1左右,HfxZryO2压电性最强。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种无铅水泥基压电复合材料及制备方法与应用。该复合材料是由水泥、氧化锆-氧化铪固溶体(HfxZryO2)、钛酸钡(BaTiO3)陶瓷颗粒组成,以助磨剂为介质,球磨混合均匀后,加水,充分搅拌后,压制成型,养护、干燥,再经极化、老化后即可用于制备传感器。本发明的压电复合材料不仅易极化,具有良好的压电响应,与建筑材料具有良好的相容性,而且由于不含铅,对环境无污染,是一种用于土木、交通工程的传感器制备的优异材料。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案为:
一种无铅水泥基压电复合材料,包括以下质量百分比的组分:水泥10~50%,HfxZryO2和BaTiO3 50~90%,其中,HfxZryO2和BaTiO3中HfxZryO2占0.1~90%,BaTiO3占10~99.9%。
进一步,所述HfxZryO2中,0≤x≤1,0≤y≤1。
进一步,所述水泥为硅酸盐水泥、普通硅酸盐水泥、硫铝酸盐水泥中的一种或多种。
一种无铅水泥基压电复合材料的制备方法,为:首先按照质量比将HfxZryO2、BaTiO3、水泥混合均匀,在助磨剂的条件下,球磨10~30分钟后干燥得到混合粉体;然后向混合粉体中加一定量的水,混合均匀,得到混合料;然后将混合料压制成特定形状,在湿度100%的环境中水化1~28天,干燥即得无铅水泥基压电复合材料。
进一步,所述助磨剂为无水乙醇、丙酮、乙二醇中的一种。
进一步,所述加入水的重量为水泥、HfxZryO2和BaTiO3重量之和的5~12%。
进一步,所述HfxZryO2可掺杂少量金属离子提高其压电性能。
进一步,所述金属离子为Sn4+、Ge4+、Al3+、Zn2+、Ti4+、Y3+、Mn4+、Ce4+、Ni3+中的一种。
上述制备方法制备的无铅水泥基压电复合材料用于土木、交通工程的传感器的制备。具体为:将无铅水泥基压电复合材料体两面涂银电极,在硅油中用高压直流电源极化,老化后即得到一种无铅水泥基压电复合材料制备的产品,该产品可用于混凝土结构的健康状况和服役状态的检测。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
1、本发明利用具有高居里温度、优异压电性能的HfxZryO2与低居里温度的BaTiO3配合使用,用作压电复合材料的原料,且与水泥制备水泥基压电复合材料,克服了传统含铅压电复合材料的污染问题,解决了无铅压电复合材料的高温下压电响应差的问题。
2、本发明的压电复合材料不仅易极化,具有良好的压电响应,与建筑材料具有良好的相容性,而且由于不含铅,对环境无污染,是一种用于土木、交通工程的传感器制备的优异材料。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
实施例1
本实施例的一种无铅水泥基压电复合材料的制备方法,具体为:
(1)将10g Hf0.5Zr0.5O2、10g BaTiO3和5g硅酸盐水泥干法混合均匀,以乙醇作为助磨剂,球磨混合20分钟后,干燥使乙醇挥发,得混合粉体;
(2)向步骤(1)所得的混合粉体中加水,加水量为混合粉体重量的5%,均匀混合,将混合料在50MPa压力下压制成圆片状,放入湿度100%的环境中水化48小时后,干燥,得水泥基压电复合材料。
干燥后,圆片两面涂银电极,在6kV直流电压下在硅油中极化30分钟,极化温度为120℃;将极化后的圆片包覆锡箔,在60℃中放置12小时老化。
所得到的无铅水泥基压电复合材料的压电应变常数为50 pC/N。
实施例2
本实施例的一种无铅水泥基压电复合材料的制备方法,具体为:
(1)将5g HfO2、15g BaTiO3和10g硫铝酸盐水泥干法混合均匀,以乙二醇作为助磨剂,球磨混合20分钟后,干燥使乙二醇挥发,得混合粉体;
(2)向步骤(1)所得的混合粉体中加水,加水量为混合粉体重量的8%,均匀混合,将混合料在30MPa压力下压制成圆片状,放入湿度100%的环境中水化24小时后,干燥,得水泥基压电复合材料。
干燥后,圆片两面涂银电极,在4kV直流电压下在硅油中极化20分钟,极化温度为110℃;将极化后的圆片包覆锡箔,在60℃中放置12小时老化。
所得到的无铅水泥基压电复合材料的压电应变常数为55 pC/N。
实施例3
本实施例的一种无铅水泥基压电复合材料的制备方法,具体为:
(1)将3g ZrO2、12g BaTiO3和8g普通硅酸盐水泥干法混合均匀,以乙醇作为助磨剂,球磨混合30分钟后,干燥使乙醇挥发,得混合粉体;
(2)向步骤(1)所得的混合粉体中加水,加水量为混合粉体重量的7%,均匀混合,将混合料在40MPa压力下压制成圆片状,放入湿度100%的环境中水化24小时后,干燥,得水泥基压电复合材料。
干燥后,圆片两面涂银电极,在5kV直流电压下在硅油中极化25分钟,极化温度为120℃;将极化后的圆片包覆锡箔,在60℃中放置12小时老化。
所得到的无铅水泥基压电复合材料的压电应变常数为40 pC/N。
实施例4
本实施例的一种无铅水泥基压电复合材料的制备方法,具体为:
(1)将16g HfO2、2g BaTiO3和2g硅酸盐水泥干法混合均匀,以乙二醇作为助磨剂,球磨混合20分钟后,干燥使乙二醇挥发,得混合粉体;
(2)向步骤(1)所得的混合粉体中加水,加水量为混合粉体重量的5%,均匀混合,将混合料在50MPa压力下压制成圆片状,放入湿度100%的环境中水化48小时后,干燥,得水泥基压电复合材料。
干燥后,圆片两面涂银电极,在6kV直流电压下在硅油中极化30分钟,极化温度为120℃;将极化后的圆片包覆锡箔,在60℃中放置12小时老化。
所得到的无铅水泥基压电复合材料的压电应变常数为63pC/N。
实施例5
本实施例的一种无铅水泥基压电复合材料的制备方法,具体为:
(1)将16g Hf0.5Zr0.5O2、2g BaTiO3和2g硅酸盐水泥干法混合均匀,以乙醇作为助磨剂,球磨混合20分钟后,干燥使乙醇挥发,得混合粉体;
(2)向步骤(1)所得的混合粉体中加水,加水量为混合粉体重量的5%,均匀混合,将混合料在50MPa压力下压制成圆片状,放入湿度100%的环境中水化48小时后,干燥,得水泥基压电复合材料。
干燥后,圆片两面涂银电极,在6kV直流电压下在硅油中极化30分钟,极化温度为120℃;将极化后的圆片包覆锡箔,在60℃中放置12小时老化。
所得到的无铅水泥基压电复合材料的压电应变常数为75 pC/N。
实施例6
本实施例的一种无铅水泥基压电复合材料的制备方法,具体为:
(1)将16g (Hf Ti) 0.5Zr0.5O2(HfxZryO2掺杂少量金属Ti离子)、2g BaTiO3和2g硅酸盐水泥干法混合均匀,以乙醇作为助磨剂,球磨混合20分钟后,干燥使乙醇挥发,得混合粉体;
(2)向步骤(1)所得的混合粉体中加水,加水量为混合粉体重量的5%,均匀混合,将混合料在50MPa压力下压制成圆片状,放入湿度100%的环境中水化48小时后,干燥,得水泥基压电复合材料。
干燥后,圆片两面涂银电极,在6kV直流电压下在硅油中极化30分钟,极化温度为120℃;将极化后的圆片包覆锡箔,在60℃中放置12小时老化。
所得到的无铅水泥基压电复合材料的压电应变常数为78 pC/N。
实施例7
本实施例的一种无铅水泥基压电复合材料的制备方法,具体为:
(1)将16g xHfO2·yZrO2·zZnO2(HfxZryO2掺杂少量金属Zn离子,x+y+z=1)、2g BaTiO3和2g硅酸盐水泥干法混合均匀,以乙醇作为助磨剂,球磨混合20分钟后,干燥使乙醇挥发,得混合粉体;
(2)向步骤(1)所得的混合粉体中加水,加水量为混合粉体重量的5%,均匀混合,将混合料在50MPa压力下压制成圆片状,放入湿度100%的环境中水化48小时后,干燥,得水泥基压电复合材料。
干燥后,圆片两面涂银电极,在6kV直流电压下在硅油中极化30分钟,极化温度为120℃;将极化后的圆片包覆锡箔,在60℃中放置12小时老化。
所得到的无铅水泥基压电复合材料的压电应变常数为82 pC/N。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (9)
1.一种无铅水泥基压电复合材料,其特征在于,该复合材料包括以下质量百分比的组分:水泥10~50%,HfxZryO2和BaTiO3 50~90%,其中,HfxZryO2和BaTiO3中HfxZryO2占0.1~90%,BaTiO3占10~99.9%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的无铅水泥基压电复合材料,其特征在于,所述HfxZryO2中,0≤x≤1,0≤y≤1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的无铅水泥基压电复合材料,其特征在于,所述水泥为硅酸盐水泥、普通硅酸盐水泥、硫铝酸盐水泥中的一种或多种。
4.一种无铅水泥基压电复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,该制备方法为:首先按照质量比将HfxZryO2、BaTiO3、水泥混合均匀,在助磨剂的条件下,球磨10~30分钟后干燥得到混合粉体;然后向混合粉体中加一定量的水,混合均匀,得到混合料;然后将混合料压制成特定形状,在湿度100%的环境中水化1~28天,干燥即得无铅水泥基压电复合材料。
5.根据权利要求1所述的无铅水泥基压电复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述助磨剂为无水乙醇、丙酮、乙二醇中的一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的无铅水泥基压电复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述加入水的重量为水泥、HfxZryO2和BaTiO3重量之和的5~12%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的无铅水泥基压电复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述HfxZryO2掺杂金属离子提高其压电性能。
8.根据权利要求1所述的无铅水泥基压电复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述金属离子为Sn4+、Ge4+、Al3+、Zn2+、Ti4+、Y3+、Mn4+、Ce4+、Ni3+中的一种。
9.权利要求1至8任一项所述的无铅水泥基压电复合材料用于土木或交通工程的传感器的制备。
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