CN111618082B - Plant-microorganism synergistic shallow polluted soil treatment method and device - Google Patents
Plant-microorganism synergistic shallow polluted soil treatment method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN111618082B CN111618082B CN202010320360.5A CN202010320360A CN111618082B CN 111618082 B CN111618082 B CN 111618082B CN 202010320360 A CN202010320360 A CN 202010320360A CN 111618082 B CN111618082 B CN 111618082B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C2101/00—In situ
Abstract
The invention provides a plant-microorganism synergistic shallow polluted soil treatment method and a device. The method divides the soil area to be repaired into a plant growth zone and a microorganism propagation zone by selecting a proper plant-microorganism collocation from a database and combining a soil leveling measure. And arranging a pipeline system in the soil layer of the plant zone, wherein the pipeline system is responsible for regulating the soil environment in the whole restoration process, and ensuring the normal growth of the plant and the nutrition required by the propagation of microbial communities. The invention controls the input of exogenous substances through regional collocation and avoids the occurrence of pollution diffusion in the repair process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a polluted soil restoration technology in an environmental engineering technology, which is mainly used for in-situ soil restoration under a complex pollution background by utilizing the synergistic action of plants and microorganisms.
Background
Under the promotion of social and economic development, activities such as mining, petrochemical industry enterprise production activities, various organic chemical garbage dumping and the like are increasingly frequent, and soil in a large number of regions is polluted to different degrees.
Relatively large pollution of gas and water and poor soil fluidity. The stable inherent property and complex structure of the soil create favorable conditions for the enrichment of pollutants, and more seriously, the pollutants entering the soil environment are easier to be stored for a long time. Except that the landfill is artificially stirred deeply, the other soil pollution processes are from the surface to the inside, namely the pollutants are mostly concentrated on the surface layer of the soil in the initial stage, and gradually diffuse to the lower layer of the soil under the action of self gravity or soil seepage or diffusion and the like along with the time, and finally the safety of underground water sources is possibly threatened. Soil contamination problems often exhibit hysteresis and hiding is better due to the longer duration of the contaminant migration process. On the other hand, the prevention and treatment of the soil pollution problem should be early found in the pollutant migration process itself, so as to reduce the migration radius of the pollutants.
The research and development and application of soil restoration technology in the United states and Western Europe are carried out earlier, and various restoration technology processes are developed. Physical and chemical repair methods such as thermal desorption, leaching, curing and the like are included. The greatest advantage of physicochemical treatment in responding to soil contamination is the rapidity compared to other remediation measures. The defect in the united states is that the soil pollutant removal action can cause great consumption of soil fertility. If the target soil is a region such as cultivated land or mountain and the like which needs to be subjected to ecological system restoration later, the method is not suitable, and the method is much suitable for realizing restoration by using biological resources.
At the present stage of China, a plurality of process technologies for soil remediation by using plants or microorganisms exist, and the existing process method reflects the remediation of polluted soil by using plants or microorganisms and has a wider remediation target selection range. However, a technical obstacle to the remediation of contaminated soil using plants or microorganisms is that the remediation process is poorly reproducible. The main reasons for this disadvantage are: 1. the pollutant complexity, the variety and the pollution amount of the polluted soil have large variation. 2. The types of plants and microorganisms have different degrees of adaptability to the climate and soil properties. 3. Plant-microorganism cooperative efficiency can be affected by unreasonable spatial distribution. In contrast, it is necessary to establish a soil ecological restoration database, construct a plant-microorganism selection database by referring to successful soil ecological restoration cases at home and abroad, so as to quickly find reasonable plant and microorganism varieties when encountering pollution events according to climate characteristics, soil characteristics and environmental factors, and improve the success rate of the pollution treatment method by using a biological method.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to treat the polluted soil, the invention provides a plant-microorganism synergistic shallow polluted soil treatment method and a plant-microorganism synergistic shallow polluted soil treatment device based on the construction of a plant-microorganism database, and the concentration of pollutants in the environment is degraded by utilizing the plant absorption and enrichment function, the microorganism decomposition capability removal and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a plant-microorganism synergistic shallow polluted soil treatment device is characterized by comprising plant growth belts and microorganism propagation belts which are arranged in the polluted soil in a staggered mode, wherein the relative elevation of the plant growth belts is higher than that of the microorganism propagation belts; arranging a water delivery branch pipe for applying a soil conditioner to soil on the surface layer of the soil in the plant growth zone; the width ratio of the plant growth zone to the microorganism propagation zone is 5: 1-2; the plant growth zone and the microorganism propagation zone are in direct contact; in the microorganism breeding zone, a mixed material consisting of pollution-free exogenous soil and an environment-friendly adsorption material is adopted for laying, and a microorganism material is inoculated.
The soil conditioner can be one or more of a soil conditioner, a soil nutrient solution and water. The modifier is added in water soluble state, and the content of the solution is determined by the requirements of microorganism and plant growth. Wherein, the soil conditioner mainly comprises carbon-based biomass materials, a modifier for improving certain defects (such as peracid or over-alkali) of soil and the like; the soil nutrient solution mainly comprises a fertilizer solution containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium effective elements, a supplement solution of trace elements required by the growth of special microorganisms and the like.
The water delivery branch pipe is a part of a pipeline system, and one or more of a soil conditioner, a soil nutrient solution and water are input into the pipeline system according to different stages of restoration.
The pipeline system comprises a liquid storage tank, a water delivery main pipe communicated with the liquid storage tank, and a plurality of water delivery branch pipes communicated with the water delivery main pipe, wherein liquid outlet holes are uniformly distributed in the water delivery branch pipes.
The environment-friendly adsorption material is one or more of sepiolite, humic acid, biochar and zeolite. The adsorption material can passivate pollutants, increase the soil fertilizer holding capacity and the water supply capacity, and provide more stable environmental conditions for the growth of plants and microorganisms.
The preferable height difference between the plant growth zone and the microorganism breeding zone is kept about 5 cm.
The invention also provides a plant-microorganism synergistic contaminated soil treatment method, which is characterized in that target paired plant-microorganisms are screened based on the plant-microorganism database; preparing soil of the polluted soil, and setting plant growth zones and microorganism propagation zones which are arranged in a staggered mode, wherein the relative elevation of the plant growth zones is higher than that of the microorganism propagation zones; and arranging a water delivery branch pipe for applying soil conditioner to the soil on the soil surface layer of the plant growth zone. The width ratio of the plant growth zone to the microbial propagation zone is 5: 1-2. The plant growth zone and the microorganism propagation zone need to be in direct contact with each other. In the microbial propagation zone, a mixed material consisting of pollution-free exogenous soil and an environment-friendly adsorption material is adopted for laying, and then a microbial material is inoculated.
The contaminated soil refers to cultivated land, mine, abandoned land and the like with heavy metal pollution and organic pollution.
The plant-microorganism database is constructed with the aim of embodying relevant key elements and parameters which can be used for species selection so as to match the information with the plant-microorganism database in practical application.
The preferable plant and microorganism species are obtained by comparing the matching degree of the element conditions and the case elements under the actual application conditions and screening from the case database constructed in the previous period. 1-3 plant-microorganism combinations or ratios can be used simultaneously.
In the preferred microorganism breeding zone, for microorganism materials which can independently survive, the microorganism breeding zone is directly inoculated with the microorganism materials, and the survival of the microorganism materials is confirmed in 7 to 10 days; for microbial materials which need to be symbiotic with plants, the microbial materials are firstly inoculated to a plant root system area and then are transplanted into a polluted soil environment together. In order to ensure the survival rate of the plants, the plants can be planted in a point mode, observed for 7-10 days and then transplanted in a large area.
When the repair scheme involves multiple microorganisms, the species can be preliminarily screened according to the growth conditions of the microorganisms after inoculation, and 1-2 species with more remarkable advantages are left.
The water delivery branch pipe is a part of a pipeline system, and the pipeline system inputs one or more of a soil conditioner, a soil nutrient solution and water according to different stages of restoration. The pipeline system comprises a liquid storage tank, a water delivery main pipe communicated with the liquid storage tank, and a plurality of water delivery branch pipes communicated with the water delivery main pipe, wherein liquid outlet holes are uniformly distributed in the water delivery branch pipes.
The design and layout of the water delivery branch pipes are required to meet the growth requirements of plants and microorganisms. The distribution characteristics of the plant root system in the soil layer and the position of the cooperative symbiosis joint point of the microorganisms and the plants are factors to be considered for burying the water delivery branch pipe. In particular, the water and nutrient supply range of the water conveying branch pipe is covered by the following steps: the plant root system in the soil layer and the space of the cooperative symbiosis combined point of the microorganism and the plant.
Preferably, the invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:
(1) arranging the field blocks, ridging, and making the ridge width 1.5-2m to make the field blocks in a strip-shaped 'peak-valley' state;
(2) every 5 ' peak ' 4 ' valley is a group, a water conveying pipeline system (namely a water conveying main pipe) is embedded between the inter-group ridges, and a soil conditioner supplementing pipeline (namely a water conveying branch pipe) is arranged in the group; each group is formed by: "peak", "trough", "peak", "trough", "peak";
preferably, a plurality of inter-group water delivery main pipes are connected in parallel and can be controlled in a unified way or in an independent way; when the modifying agent is supplemented or water is supplemented among groups, liquid or water is prepared to be uniformly sprayed through the water delivery branch pipes; the water conveying branch pipes in the same group are connected in parallel and can be controlled in a unified way or in an independent way. Multiple groups can share a reservoir, wherein the additives can be tailored to the needs as moisture or modifiers.
(3) Drawing construction is carried out: the plant growth zone is arranged on the 'peak' zone strip, and the microorganism propagation zone and the adsorbing material are arranged on the 'valley' zone strip; and planting Sedum plumbizincicola in 1, 4, 5 of every 5 'peak' plant growth zones, and planting alfalfa in 2, 3; the 2 nd microbial propagation zone of the 'valley' region is inoculated with alfalfa growth promoting strains, the 4 th is inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and the 1 st and 3 rd are intercropped with alfalfa growth promoting strains and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
Specifically, 1, 3 intercropping alfalfa growth promoting strains and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi mean 1, 3 sections of alfalfa growth promoting strains and one section of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi which are arranged at intervals. For example, the 1 st line in the "valley" region is divided longitudinally into two sections (for example, in FIG. 1, the 1 st line in the "valley" region is divided into two sections of the same or different area by vertical lines), i.e., one section is inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (which contact the 1 st Sedum plumbizincicola in the "peak" region), and the other section is inoculated with alfalfa growth-promoting strains (which contact the 2 nd alfalfa in the "peak" region).
(4) The weight ratio of 1: 2: 1: 1, mixing sepiolite, humic acid, biochar and zeolite as adsorption materials; removing surface soil with a thickness of 3-5cm in a preset microorganism breeding zone, uniformly embedding an adsorption material (directly laying) at a concentration of 100g/m, and covering pollution-free foreign soil with a thickness of 3-5cm on the adsorption material layer. As can be seen, the embedding depth of the adsorbing material was 3-5 cm. The weight ratio of the sepiolite to the humic acid to the biochar to the zeolite is 1: 2: 1: 1.
(5) water is delivered to 60 percent of the saturated water content of the soil, and the soil is kept still for three days.
(6) 4-6kg of urea and 8-10kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are applied per mu.
(7) And (5) burying the microbial material the next day after fertilization. Taking clover as a host material to obtain mycorrhizal fungi material (formed by mixing the root system of the clover with a propagation substrate) of the ascochyta carpesii (Acaulospora mellea 40). And (3) forming holes with the diameter of 8-10cm and the depth of 2cm in the coverage area of the foreign soil of the lower embedded adsorption material, embedding 40g of mycorrhizal fungi materials in each hole, and completing embedding of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi materials at the interval of 1m between every two adjacent holes (namely 1m between every two adjacent holes). In addition, freeze-dried powder of actinomyces Arthrobacter (Arthrobacter niigatensis) was purchased, activated, and inoculated into a nitrogen-containing medium at an inoculation amount of 5% to form a growth promoting strain material. And opening holes with the diameter of 6-8cm and the depth of 3-5cm in the coverage area of the exogenous soil with the embedded adsorbing material, embedding growth-promoting strain materials 15-25g in each hole, and embedding the alfalfa growth-promoting strain materials at the interval of 1m in each hole.
(8) And 3 days after the microbial materials are buried, planting plants. Planting Sedum plumbizincicola 10-12 cm long on the 1 st, 4 th and 5 th plant belts with the plant spacing of 0.2-0.5 m. In addition, sowing alfalfa seeds at 15-25g/m on the 2 nd and 3 rd plant belts.
(9) And 5 kg/mu of urea is supplemented after 2 months.
(10) And (4) harvesting and removing the whole plant of the Sedum plumbizincicola and the alfalfa 3 months after planting.
(11) And (5) repeating the steps (6) to (10), planting the Sedum plumbizincicola and the alfalfa, burying the corresponding microbial materials, and performing 2 rounds.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. by establishing the soil restoration plant-microorganism database, proper restoration plant species and microorganism populations can be quickly selected, and the soil restoration efficiency and success rate are improved.
2. Through the preset pipeline, the required nutrient solution and soil conditioner addition can be provided in a targeted manner according to plant growth, microbial activity or soil property change in the whole restoration stage.
For plants with root systems which are inclined to grow transversely, the deep nutrition supply of the root systems is ensured, and meanwhile, the deep nutrition guide is required to be properly added; for plants with root systems that grow in the longitudinal direction, nutrient guidance in the superficial area needs to be properly increased to hold pollutants in a wider area during the growth process of the plants.
In addition, the nutrient solution supplied by the pipeline needs to provide guidance and support for the cooperation of microorganisms and plants on the ecological niche to a certain extent.
In the aspect of flow control through the pipeline, the condition that the flow is proper rather than excessive is adopted, and pollution and migration caused by liquid flow in the soil are reduced as much as possible; the modifier is added to regulate the morphological transformation of pollution. If the existing valence state of part of the pollutant environment is not beneficial to plant absorption or microbial dissolution and redox reaction, the modifier is needed for assistance; when the specific modifier is added, the modifier can be used for catalyzing and pushing a certain reaction process, and the addition can be increased as appropriate; the biochar is a site repairing modifier which is commonly used in recent years, and has certain effects on changing the pH value of the soil environment, influencing the form of pollutants and fixing the migration of the soil pollutants.
3. The microbial breeding zone utilizes the microbial breeding base bed of the adsorbing material, can effectively provide the growth space of inoculated microorganisms and indigenous microorganisms, can adsorb runoff and seepage, and reduces the pollution to diffuse deeply.
4. The relative elevation design of the plant zone and the microorganism zone can provide the mutual cooperation condition between the plant root system and the microorganism, and improve the plant-microorganism cooperative decontamination efficiency.
5. The method is simple to operate and convenient to practice, does not depend on large-scale equipment or special equipment, can maintain the fertility of the soil in the repairing process, and is favorable for repairing the later-stage in-situ ecological system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a floor plan of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal arrangement of the plant growth zone and microbial propagation zone of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the arrangement of the infusion branch tube of FIG. 1;
in the figure, 1, a liquid storage tank, 2, a water delivery main pipe, 3, a water delivery branch pipe, 4, a two-way valve, 5, a three-way valve, 6, a plant planting area and 7, a microorganism breeding zone.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples.
According to the meteorological data or the survey data of the polluted soil in the area where the polluted soil is, the proper types of the repairing plants and the specific microbial populations are determined through a plant-microorganism selection database.
The polluted soil is caused by heavy metal, organic pollution or related activities in cultivated land, mine, abandoned land and the like, the cooperative treatment method comprises the step of utilizing original soil vegetation and indigenous microorganisms, wherein the treatment effect is to effectively reduce the concentration of one or more target pollutants to be within an environment allowable range. The selection of plant-microorganism species will be by database screening. The cooperative treatment method comprises the steps of arranging special plant growth zones and microorganism propagation zones, wherein the plant growth zones and the microorganism propagation zones are arranged in a staggered mode in space, and the relative elevation of the plant growth zones is higher than that of the microorganism propagation zones. The database is established based on the existing successful cases, and the data source is a research report at home and abroad. The control suggestion applied by the soil conditioner is mainly set by people, and the periodic control action times do not bring much labor consumption under the condition of reasonable pipeline laying because the soil pollutant treatment process is not a quick-acting reaction; the control process can jointly judge the regulation and control times according to the parameters of the database and the field actual measurement; however, if an automatic control system is introduced, sensors and automatic monitoring devices need to be arranged at multiple points, which is a challenge to the cost. And the pipeline system inputs a soil conditioner, a soil nutrient solution and water according to different stages of repairing. The microbial propagation zone is internally provided with an adsorption material layer which has no side effect on the environment, can increase the microbial propagation and growth space and can adsorb and fix nutrient elements required by microbial growth.
As shown in fig. 1-3, the field is prepared, and plant growth zones (i.e. plant growing areas 6) and microorganism breeding zones 7 are arranged in a crossed manner, wherein the relative elevation of the plant growth zones is about 5cm higher than that of the microorganism breeding zones, so that a 'peak-valley' mode is formed, but the plant root systems are required to be closely connected with the microorganism communities. Wherein, the plant planting space and the row spacing are determined by the plant attributes, the plant size during seed picking, the estimated planting time (whether to move out later), and the like; the minimum requirement of the microbial dosage is that the microbial dosage can become a stable species under the specified polluted soil condition, and the microbial dosage is respectively sampled and compared before inoculation and 7-10 days after inoculation to determine the population growth condition of the inoculated microbes.
And arranging a pipeline system. The pipeline system comprises a liquid storage tank 1, a water delivery main pipe 2 communicated with the liquid storage tank 1 and a plurality of water delivery branch pipes 3 communicated with the water delivery main pipe, wherein the water delivery branch pipes are arranged in parallel and are basically vertical to the water delivery main pipe, the water delivery branch pipes are arranged on a plant growing zone, and a three-way valve 5 is arranged at the joint of the water delivery main pipe and the water delivery branch pipes. The device also comprises a water outlet pipe which is connected with the liquid storage tank 1 and the water delivery main pipe 2, and a two-way valve 4 is arranged on the water outlet pipe. The water delivery branch pipes are uniformly provided with a plurality of liquid outlet holes for irrigating plants, improving soil and the like. Two water outlets (namely the liquid outlet holes) which are mutually 90 degrees are arranged on the water delivery branch pipe at intervals. In fig. 3, the angle of 45 degrees is the side water outlet angle of the water delivery branch pipe, and the water outlet direction can be adjusted by changing the angle of the pipeline (namely the pipeline can rotate), so that the adjustment of vertical + transverse direction, lower direction measuring 2 (shown in fig. 3, namely lower direction measuring 2) or upper direction measuring 2 can be realized. The water and nutrient supply range of the water delivery branch pipe is covered: the plant root system in the soil layer and the space of the cooperative symbiosis combined point of the microorganism and the plant.
The microorganism breeding zone adopts pollution-free healthy exogenous soil and environment-friendly adsorption materials, such as expansive soil, zeolite, charcoal-based materials and the like. And (3) advising that a plurality of materials are mixed and paved, pollution-free healthy external soil with the thickness of 3-5cm is covered on the environment-friendly adsorption material layer, and the microbial material is inoculated to the area of the healthy external soil layer. The environment-friendly adsorption material can provide water and nutrient salt for adsorption, the exogenous soil can provide a sufficient microbial growth environment, and the requirement for treating large amount of microbial communities in the initial stage is met. Microbial inoculation methods and environmental requirements are referenced to database parameters. If necessary, a laboratory condition simulation link of appointed polluted soil can be properly added, and suitable application parameters are explored, so that the success rate is improved, and the investment risk is reduced.
Direct contact between vegetation area and the microbial breeding area carries out material, biological exchange each other, can enough guarantee that the pollutant gets into the microbial breeding area along with the runoff, also can guarantee that the microorganism can normally exchange in soil environment, improves the pollutant degradation efficiency in the vegetation area.
The plant-microorganism selection database is established based on existing domestic and foreign Science databases (such as a Wanfang database, a Web of Science database, etc.), and is periodically subjected to data update maintenance. At the present stage, a literature database has accumulated a plurality of successful cases, such as the cooperative treatment of cadmium pollution by the solanum nigrum-bacillus (allin swallow et al, 2011); alfalfa-haynaud strains co-treated for copper contamination (muslim, 2013); after the poplar willow is inoculated with the endophytic mycorrhiza, the enrichment adsorption of the poplar willow on copper, cadmium and zinc is improved (Bissonnette et al, 2010); the Sedum plumbizincicola-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi synergistically treat cadmium pollution (CN201510065503.1) and the like. Extracting and integrating the elements of the parameters of the aspects of 'pollutant coping selection range', 'suggested species collocation', 'suggested collocation mode method', 'environment-friendly condition' and 'repair time effect' in the case; the key elements can become screening conditions for selecting plant-microorganism pairing; and existing parameters may be referred to as implementation references.
The width setting proportion of the plant belt to the microbial belt is 5: 1, according to the pollution condition, the width of the microbial propagation zone is also increased as appropriate.
The soil conditioner supplementing pipeline (namely the water delivery branch pipe) is an automatic supplementing pipeline, the pipeline is provided with an opening, the internal solution automatically flows by gravity (the burying depth of the branch pipe is determined according to the growth trend of plant roots and microorganisms), and only the required solution is required to be added in the total adding box (namely the liquid storage box 1) at regular intervals.
The environment-friendly adsorption material in the microorganism breeding zone has stable property, has no adverse effect on the environment, and is beneficial to the attachment and growth of microorganisms.
The application example is as follows:
1. case library construction
Constructing a framework by taking the repaired object and the repaired standard as a guide in the case library; the case sources are published papers and effective patents.
Table 1 case call library
Injecting: LW is called for the thesis patent case library; ZL is patent case library call
Table 2 case application parameters
Case source document:
LW1：Granchinho SCR,Franz CM,Polishchuk E,et al.Transformation of arsenic(V) by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum melonis isolated from the alga Fucus gardneri. Applied Organometallic Chemistry,2002,16:721-726
LW 2: he Lin Yan, Li ya, Liutao, He Wen, Wang Yinjang, Shenxue Mei, Wang Meng, Shu modest and flourishing, screening of nightshade rhizosphere and endogenous Cd resistant bacteria and biological characteristics thereof [ J ]. academic reports on ecology and rural environment, 2011(6):83-88.
LW 3: picrorhiza, plant growth promoting bacteria, energy-enhancing plant, effect on remediation of copper-contaminated soil and mechanism research thereof [ D ]. Nanjing agriculture university, 2013.
LW4：Bissonnette L,St-Arnaud M,Labrecque M.Phytoextraction of heavy metals by two Salicaceae clones in symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi during the second year of a field trial[J].Plant and Soil,2010,332(1-2):55-67.
……
ZL 1: yi Rui, Shen Sheng Yuan, Lin Xian, et al, a method for improving phytoremediation efficiency of low-concentration arsenic-contaminated soil, CN.
ZL2, Zymui, Zymond, et al, a method for repairing cadmium contaminated farmland soil by combining arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi with sedum plumbizincicola, CN.
ZL3, HULONGXING, JIUJIAN, ZUXIANG, et al, A method for promoting restoration of cadmium-contaminated soil by Festuca arundinacea by using cadmium-resistant fungus Aspergillus aculeatus, CN.
2. Plant-microorganism ratio scheme extraction
The target soil is a re-ploughed paddy field, the data parameters of the standard for controlling the risk of the soil pollution of the agricultural land in the soil environment quality (GB15618-2018) are compared, the phenomenon that the low content of cadmium and copper exceeds the standard in the external soil is found, and the improvement and the restoration of the soil are hoped to be realized in the time of half a year to 1 year.
The pH value of the soil is 6.1, the cadmium content of the soil in the point area reaches 0.54mg/kg, the cadmium content exceeds 35 percent of the screening value of the soil pollution risk of the agricultural land, and the average cadmium content of the soil is 0.37 mg/kg; the copper content of the soil in the point area reaches 194mg/kg, exceeds 29 percent, and the average copper content of the soil is 127 mg/kg. The cadmium and copper in the field are lower than standard, and the field in the later period is mainly used for planting and harvesting crops. Therefore, combining with LW3, ZL2 cases of plant-microorganism matching, Sedum plumbizincicola-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and alfalfa-growth promoting strains are selected. Firstly, the combination can realize the adsorption and degradation of heavy metals such as cadmium and copper in soil; the Sedum plumbizincicola can continuously absorb and restore farmland soil, and the alfalfa serving as a feed crop has a very obvious effect of fixing nitrogen and fertilizing the soil.
3. Repair work development
The method comprises the following steps:
(1) the land is orderly arranged, ridging is carried out, and the ridge width is 2m, so that the land is in a strip-shaped 'peak-valley' state.
(2) Every 5 'peak' 4 'valley' is a group, a water conveying pipeline system is arranged among the groups, and a soil conditioner supplementing pipeline is arranged in the group.
(3) Drawing construction is carried out on the plant-microorganism placement. The plant growth zone is arranged on the 'peak' zone strip, and the microorganism propagation zone and the adsorbent are arranged on the 'valley' zone strip; and planting Sedum plumbizincicola in 1, 4, 5 of every 5 'peak' plant growth zones, and planting alfalfa in 2, 3; the 2 nd microorganism in the "valley" region was propagated with the alfalfa growth promoting strains and the 4 th inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Intercropping alfalfa growth promoting strains and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the 1 st and 3 th strips of the 'grain' area.
(4) The weight ratio of 1: 2: 1: 1, mixing sepiolite, humic acid, biochar and zeolite as adsorption materials.
According to the construction drawing, the adsorbing material is uniformly embedded in a preset microorganism breeding zone at a ratio of 100g/m, and the non-pollution exogenous soil is covered back for 3-5cm (thickness). Here, m means the length of the microbial growth zone.
(5) Water is delivered to 60 percent of the saturated water content of the soil, and the soil is kept still for three days.
(6) 5 kg/mu of urea and 10 kg/mu of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are applied.
(7) And (5) burying the microbial material the next day after fertilization. Taking clover as a host material to obtain mycorrhizal fungi material (formed by mixing clover root and a propagation matrix) of ascochyta honey (Acaulospora mellea 40), wherein the specific method is shown in case library document ZL2 culture method. And (3) opening holes with the diameter of 8-10cm and the depth of 2cm in the coverage area of the external soil with the lower embedded adsorption material, embedding 40g of mycorrhizal fungi materials in each hole, wherein the interval between every two holes is 1m, and completing the embedding of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi materials. In addition, freeze-dried powder of actinomyces Arthrobacter (Arthrobacter niigatensis) was purchased, activated, and inoculated into a nitrogen-containing medium at an inoculation amount of 5% to form a growth promoting strain material. And (3) forming holes with the diameter of 6-8cm and the depth of 3cm in the coverage area of the exogenous soil with the embedded adsorbing material, embedding 20g of growth-promoting strain materials in each hole at the interval of 1m, and completing embedding of the alfalfa growth-promoting strain materials.
(8) And 3 days after the microbial materials are buried, planting plants. And (3) cutting the sedum plumbizincicola with the length of 10-12 cm on the 1 st, 4 th and 5 th plant belts by taking 0.2m as a plant spacing. In addition, alfalfa seeds were sown at 15g/m on the 2 nd and 3 rd plant belts.
(9) And 5 kg/mu of urea is supplemented after 2 months.
(10) And (4) harvesting and removing the whole plant of the Sedum plumbizincicola and the alfalfa 3 months after planting.
(11) And (5) repeating the steps (6) to (10), planting the Sedum plumbizincicola and the alfalfa, burying the corresponding microbial materials, and performing 2 rounds.
(12) And (4) sampling at multiple points, and detecting the content of cadmium and copper in the soil. There is no over-standard point area, and the average soil cadmium content is reduced to 0.21 mg/kg. The average soil copper content is reduced to 85 mg/kg. And finishing soil remediation.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments do not limit the present invention in any way, and all technical solutions obtained by using equivalent alternatives or equivalent variations fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A plant-microorganism synergistic shallow polluted soil treatment device is characterized by comprising plant growth zones and microorganism propagation zones which are arranged in the polluted soil in a staggered mode, wherein the relative elevation of the plant growth zones is higher than that of the microorganism propagation zones; arranging a water delivery branch pipe for applying a soil conditioner to soil on the surface layer of the soil in the plant growth zone; the width ratio of the plant growth zone to the microbial propagation zone is 5: 1-2; the plant growth zone and the microorganism propagation zone are in direct contact; in the microbial propagation zone, a mixed material consisting of pollution-free exogenous soil and an environment-friendly adsorption material is adopted for laying, and a microbial material is inoculated; the environment-friendly adsorption material comprises the following components in percentage by weight of 1: 2: 1: 1, mixing sepiolite, humic acid, biochar and zeolite; the embedding depth of the environment-friendly adsorption material is 3-5 cm; the plant growth zone and the microorganism propagation zone keep about 5cm height difference.
2. The plant-microorganism synergistic shallow polluted soil treatment device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water delivery branch pipe is a part of a pipeline system, and the pipeline system is used for delivering one or more of a soil conditioner, a soil nutrient solution and water according to different stages of remediation.
3. The plant-microorganism synergistic shallow polluted soil treatment device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the pipeline system comprises a liquid storage tank, a water delivery main pipe communicated with the liquid storage tank, and a plurality of water delivery branch pipes communicated with the water delivery main pipe, wherein liquid outlet holes are uniformly distributed on the water delivery branch pipes.
4. A plant-microorganism synergistic shallow polluted soil treatment method is characterized in that: preparing soil of the polluted soil, and setting plant growth zones and microorganism propagation zones which are arranged in a staggered mode, wherein the relative elevation of the plant growth zones is higher than that of the microorganism propagation zones; arranging a water delivery branch pipe for applying a soil conditioner to soil on the surface layer of the soil in the plant growth zone; the width ratio of the plant growth zone to the microbial propagation zone is 5: 1-2; the plant growth zone and the microorganism propagation zone are in direct contact; in the microbial propagation zone, a mixed material consisting of pollution-free exogenous soil and an environment-friendly adsorption material is adopted for laying, and a microbial material is inoculated; the height difference between the plant growth zone and the microorganism propagation zone is kept about 5 cm; the water and nutrient supply range of the water delivery branch pipe is covered: the space of the plant root system and the cooperative symbiosis joint point of the microorganism and the plant in the soil layer;
the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) arranging the field blocks, ridging, and making the ridge width 1.5-2m to make the field blocks in a strip-shaped 'peak-valley' state;
(2) every 5 'peak' 4 'valley' is a group, water conveying main pipes are buried between the inter-group ridges, and water conveying branch pipes are arranged in the group; each group is formed by: "peak", "trough", "peak", "trough", "peak";
(3) drawing construction is carried out: the plant growth zone is arranged on the 'peak' zone strip, and the microorganism propagation zone and the adsorbing material are arranged on the 'valley' zone strip; and planting Sedum plumbizincicola in 1, 4, 5 of every 5 'peak' plant growth zones, and planting alfalfa in 2, 3; the 2 nd microbial propagation zone of the 'valley' region is inoculated with alfalfa growth promoting strains, the 4 th inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and the 1 st and 3 th intercropped alfalfa growth promoting strains and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi;
(4) the weight ratio of 1: 2: 1: 1, mixing sepiolite, humic acid, biochar and zeolite to serve as an adsorption material; removing surface soil with the thickness of 3-5cm in a preset microorganism breeding zone, uniformly embedding an adsorption material at the concentration of 100g/m, and covering pollution-free foreign soil with the thickness of 3-5cm on the adsorption material layer;
(5) delivering water to 60% of the saturated water content of the soil, and standing for three days;
(6) 4-6kg of urea and 8-10kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are applied per mu;
(7) burying the microbial material the next day after fertilization; forming holes with the diameter of 8-10cm and the depth of 2cm in the coverage area of the foreign soil with the lower embedded adsorption material, embedding 40g of mycorrhizal fungi materials in each hole, wherein the interval between every two holes is 1m, and completing embedding of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi materials; opening holes with the diameter of 6-8cm and the depth of 3-5cm in the coverage area of the exogenous soil with the embedded adsorbing material, embedding growth-promoting strain materials 15-25g in each hole, and embedding the alfalfa growth-promoting strain materials at the interval of 1m in each hole;
(8) planting plants after 3 days of embedding the microbial materials; cutting Sedum plumbizincicola 10-12 cm long at a plant spacing of 0.2-0.5m on the 1 st, 4 th and 5 th plant belts; in addition, sowing alfalfa seeds at 15-25g/m on the 2 nd and 3 rd plant belts;
(9) supplementing 5 kg/mu of urea after 2 months;
(10) after 3 months of planting, harvesting and removing the whole plant of the Sedum plumbizincicola and the alfalfa;
(11) and (5) repeating the steps (6) to (10), planting the Sedum plumbizincicola and the alfalfa, burying the corresponding microbial materials, and performing 2 rounds.
5. The plant-microorganism synergistic shallow polluted soil treatment method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the plant-microorganism synergistic shallow polluted soil treatment method comprises the following steps: the water delivery branch pipe is a part of a pipeline system, and one or more of a soil conditioner, a soil nutrient solution and water are input into the pipeline system according to different stages of restoration; the pipeline system comprises a liquid storage tank, a water delivery main pipe communicated with the liquid storage tank, and a plurality of water delivery branch pipes communicated with the water delivery main pipe, wherein liquid outlet holes are uniformly distributed in the water delivery branch pipes.
6. The plant-microorganism synergistic shallow polluted soil treatment method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the polluted soil refers to cultivated land, mine and abandoned land with heavy metal pollution and organic pollution.
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| CN113369295A (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2021-09-10 | 姜云保 | Soil ecological remediation system |
| CN113634588A (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2021-11-12 | 江苏恒镇泰环保科技股份有限公司 | Microbial, plant and charcoal cooperative remediation system for contaminated soil |
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