CN111609809A - Optical fiber high-temperature strain measurement sensor based on strain sensitization structure - Google Patents
Optical fiber high-temperature strain measurement sensor based on strain sensitization structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN111609809A CN111609809A CN202010668919.3A CN202010668919A CN111609809A CN 111609809 A CN111609809 A CN 111609809A CN 202010668919 A CN202010668919 A CN 202010668919A CN 111609809 A CN111609809 A CN 111609809A
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
- G01B11/161—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge by interferometric means
Abstract
An optical fiber high-temperature strain measurement sensor based on a strain sensitivity enhancing structure, wherein one end of a hollow optical fiber is welded with a first single mode optical fiber, the other end of the hollow optical fiber is welded with a second single mode optical fiber, an optical fiber Fabry-Perot interference cavity is formed in a hollow optical fiber, a first capillary glass tube is sleeved on a first single-mode optical fiber and is sealed by high-temperature glue between one end, close to the hollow optical fiber, of the first single-mode optical fiber and the first single-mode optical fiber, the first single-mode optical fiber is in a suspended state in the first capillary glass tube, a second capillary glass tube is sleeved on a second single-mode optical fiber and is sealed by high-temperature glue between one end, close to the hollow optical fiber, of the second single-mode optical fiber and the second single-mode optical fiber, the second single-mode optical fiber is in a suspended state in the second capillary glass tube, the center lines of the first capillary glass tube, the second capillary glass tube, the first capillary glass tube, the second capillary glass tube and the first single-mode optical. The invention has the advantages of simple manufacture, low cost, high temperature resistance, high strain sensitivity, electromagnetic interference resistance and small loss.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fiber sensing, and particularly relates to optical fiber high-temperature strain measurement sensing based on a strain sensitization structure.
Background
With the rapid development of the modern ultra-high-speed aircraft technology, the gradually increased speed of the aircraft not only improves the maneuvering efficiency, but also creates potential safety hazards caused by the body surface heat protection problem in the ultra-high-speed flight process. Because the aircraft has thermal barrier effect in the process of ultra-high speed flight, the temperature strain parameters of specific key parts need to be monitored in real time, so that the comprehensive monitoring of the aircraft is achieved, and serious accidents are prevented. However, since most sensors have a "temperature drift" phenomenon, i.e. the signal output of the sensor varies to some extent with the temperature, it is necessary to adopt corresponding technical means to reduce or even eliminate the "temperature drift" phenomenon, i.e. to make the sensor insensitive to the temperature at a specific position. The existing optical fiber sensor has the advantages of small volume, strong anti-electromagnetic interference, high sensitivity and the like, and is widely applied to pressure testing of high-temperature narrow spaces such as intelligent skins and engines of ultra-high-speed aircrafts and real-time health detection of balance sensors. However, the currently reported optical fiber sensor has a relatively large temperature dependence, and cannot realize simultaneous and accurate measurement of pressure and strain in a high-temperature environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an optical fiber high-temperature strain measurement sensor based on a strain sensitization structure, which has the advantages of simple structure, high sensitivity, small volume and capability of realizing the simultaneous measurement of low-error temperature strain in a high-temperature environment.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: an optical fiber high-temperature strain measurement sensor based on a strain sensitivity enhancing structure is disclosed, wherein one end of a hollow optical fiber is welded with a first single mode optical fiber, the other end of the hollow optical fiber is welded with a second single mode optical fiber, the central lines of the hollow optical fiber, the first single mode optical fiber and the second single mode optical fiber are superposed, the outer diameters of cladding layers are the same, an optical fiber Fabry-Perot interference cavity is formed in the hollow optical fiber, a first capillary glass tube is sleeved on the first single mode optical fiber and is sealed with the first single mode optical fiber by high-temperature glue at one end close to the hollow optical fiber, so that the first single mode optical fiber is suspended in the first capillary glass tube, a second capillary glass tube is sleeved on the second single mode optical fiber and is sealed with the second single mode optical fiber by high-temperature glue at one end close to the hollow optical fiber, so that the second single mode optical fiber is suspended in the second capillary glass tube, and the central, and a thermal regeneration grating is inscribed on the fiber core of the second single-mode fiber in the second capillary glass tube.
As a preferable technical scheme, the distances between the hollow optical fiber and the first capillary glass tube and between the hollow optical fiber and the second capillary glass tube are equal to 10-15 mm, the length of an optical fiber Fabry-Perot interference cavity in the hollow optical fiber is 200-300 mu m, and the inner diameter of the optical fiber Fabry-Perot interference cavity is 19-100 mu m.
As a preferable technical scheme, the length of the thermogravimetric grating region is 10-15 mm, the wavelength is 1530-1570 nm, and the distance between the thermogravimetric grating region and the hollow optical fiber 3 is 20-30 mm.
As a preferable technical scheme, the diameter of a fiber core of the first single-mode fiber is 8.2-9 mu m, the diameter of a cladding is 125 mu m, the length of the cladding is 20-30 cm, and the second single-mode fiber is equal to the first single-mode fiber.
As a preferable technical scheme, the inner diameter of the first capillary glass tube is 318-368 μm, the outer diameter of the first capillary glass tube is 449-499 μm, and the second capillary glass tube is equal to the first capillary glass tube.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the fiber Fabry-Perot interference structure is adopted for sensing and cascading the thermogravimetric optical grating, the fiber Fabry-Perot interference structure has good strain response characteristics (0-900 mu) and the thermogravimetric optical grating has excellent high-temperature stability (1000 ℃), the thermal regeneration grating is sealed in the second capillary glass tube by ceramic glue, so that the thermal regeneration grating is only influenced by temperature, the fiber Fabry-Perot interference structure and the thermogravimetric optical grating have the same thermal expansion coefficient and thermal optical coefficient, so that the temperature value measured by the thermogravimetric optical grating can be directly inverted to eliminate wavelength drift caused by the temperature influence of the fiber Fabry-Perot interference structure, and the residual wavelength variation of the fiber Fabry-Perot interference structure sensing is caused by strain variation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a line graph of the sensor of example 1 at room temperature;
FIG. 3 is a line change fit from room temperature to 1000 ℃ for the sensor of example 1;
figure 4 is a plot of the wavelength as a function of strain for the sensor of example 1 at 300 mu stress.
Figure 5 is a plot of the wavelength as a function of strain for the sensor of example 1 at 600 mu stress.
Figure 6 is a graph of a fit of the wavelength versus strain for the sensor of example 1 at 900 mu stress.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described below.
Example 1
In fig. 1, the optical fiber high-temperature strain measurement sensor based on the strain-sensitization structure of the present embodiment is formed by connecting a first single-mode optical fiber 1, a first capillary glass tube 2, a hollow optical fiber 3, a second single-mode optical fiber 4, and a second capillary glass tube 5.
One end of a hollow optical fiber 3 is welded with a first single-mode optical fiber 1, the other end of the hollow optical fiber is welded with a second single-mode optical fiber 4, an optical fiber Fabry-Perot interference cavity is formed in the hollow optical fiber 3, the hollow optical fiber 3 is overlapped with the central lines of the first single-mode optical fiber 1 and the second single-mode optical fiber 4, the diameter of a fiber core of the first single-mode optical fiber 1 is 8.6 mu m, the diameter of a cladding is 125 mu m, the length of the cladding is 25cm, the diameter and the length of a fiber core of the second single-mode optical fiber 4 are the same as those of the first single-mode optical fiber 1, the diameter of the cladding of the hollow optical fiber 3 is the same as that of the first single-mode optical fiber 1, the length of the optical fiber Fabry-Perot interference cavity is 250 mu m, and the inner diameter of the optical fiber is 60 mu m, a first capillary glass tube 2 is sleeved on the first single-mode optical fiber 1, the inner diameter of the first capillary glass tube 2 is 348 microns, the outer diameter of the first capillary glass tube is 469 microns, the distance between the first capillary glass tube 2 and the hollow optical fiber 3 is 15mm, the second capillary glass tube 5 is sleeved on the second single-mode optical fiber 4, one end, close to the hollow optical fiber 3, of the second capillary glass tube 5 is sealed with the second single-mode optical fiber 4 through high-temperature ceramic cement, the second single-mode optical fiber 4 is in a suspended state in the second capillary glass tube 5, the inner diameter, the outer diameter and the distance between the second capillary glass tube 5 and the hollow optical fiber 3 are the same as those of the first capillary glass tube 2, the center lines of the first capillary glass tube 2, the second capillary glass tube 5 and the first single-mode optical fiber 1 are overlapped, a thermal regeneration grating 6 is engraved in the fiber core of the second single-mode optical fiber 4 in the second capillary glass tube 5, the length of a grid area of the thermal regeneration grating 6 is 13mm, the wavelength is 1550nm, and the distance between the second capillary optical fiber 3 is 30 mm. The fiber Fabry-Perot interference structure is adopted for sensing the cascade thermal regeneration grating 6, the thermal power grating 6 is sealed in the second capillary glass tube 5 through ceramic glue and is only influenced by temperature, the fiber Fabry-Perot interference structure and the thermal power grating 6 have the same thermal expansion coefficient and thermal optical coefficient, so that the temperature value measured by the thermal power grating 6 can be directly inverted to eliminate wavelength drift caused by the temperature influence of the fiber Fabry-Perot interference structure, and the residual wavelength variation of the fiber Fabry-Perot interference structure sensing is caused by strain variation.
Example 2
In this embodiment, one end of a hollow fiber 3 is welded with a first single mode fiber 1, the other end is welded with a second single mode fiber 4, a fiber fabry-perot interference cavity is formed in the hollow fiber 3, the length of the fiber fabry-perot interference cavity is 200 μm, the inner diameter is 19 μm, the diameter of the core of the first single mode fiber 1 is 8.2 μm, the diameter of the cladding is 125 μm, the length of the cladding is 20cm, the diameter of the core, the diameter of the cladding and the length of the second single mode fiber 4 are the same as those of the first single mode fiber 1, the cladding diameter of the hollow fiber 3 is the same as that of the first single mode fiber 1, a first capillary glass tube 2 is sleeved on the first single mode fiber 1, one end of the hollow fiber 3 close to the first single mode fiber 1 is sealed with a high temperature ceramic adhesive, so that the first single mode fiber 1 is suspended in the first capillary glass tube 2, the inner diameter of the first capillary glass tube 2 is 318, The outer diameter of the second capillary glass tube 5 is 449 microns, the distance between the first capillary glass tube 2 and the hollow optical fiber 3 is 12mm, the second capillary glass tube 5 is sleeved on the second single-mode optical fiber 4, one end of the second capillary glass tube, close to the hollow optical fiber 3, is sealed with the second single-mode optical fiber 4 through high-temperature ceramic cement, the second single-mode optical fiber 4 is suspended in the second capillary glass tube 5, the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the second capillary glass tube 5 and the distance between the hollow optical fiber 3 are the same as those of the first capillary glass tube 2, the center lines of the first capillary glass tube 2, the second capillary glass tube 5 and the first single-mode optical fiber 1 are superposed, a thermal regeneration grating 6 is engraved on the fiber core of the second single-mode optical fiber 4 in the second capillary glass tube 5, the length of the grating 6 is 10mm, the wavelength is 1530nm, and the distance between the hollow optical fiber 3 is 25 mm. The other components and the connection relationship of the components are the same as those in embodiment 1.
Example 3
In this embodiment, one end of a hollow fiber 3 is welded with a first single mode fiber 1, the other end is welded with a second single mode fiber 4, a fiber fabry-perot interference cavity is formed in the hollow fiber 3, the length of the fiber fabry-perot interference cavity is 300 μm, the inner diameter is 100 μm, the diameter of the fiber core of the first single mode fiber 1 is 9 μm, the diameter of the cladding is 125 μm, the length of the cladding is 30cm, the diameter of the fiber core, the diameter of the cladding and the length of the second single mode fiber 4 are the same as those of the first single mode fiber 1, the diameter of the cladding of the hollow fiber 3 is the same as that of the cladding of the first single mode fiber 1, a first capillary glass tube 2 is sleeved on the first single mode fiber 1, one end of the hollow fiber 3 close to the first single mode fiber is sealed with a high temperature ceramic cement, so that the first single mode fiber 1 is in a suspended state in the first capillary glass tube 2, the inner diameter, The outer diameter of the second capillary glass tube 5 is 499 microns, the distance between the first capillary glass tube 2 and the hollow optical fiber 3 is 10mm, the second capillary glass tube 5 is sleeved on the second single-mode optical fiber 4, one end of the second capillary glass tube, close to the hollow optical fiber 3, and the second single-mode optical fiber 4 are sealed by high-temperature ceramic cement, so that the second single-mode optical fiber 4 is suspended in the second capillary glass tube 5, the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the second capillary glass tube 5 and the distance between the hollow optical fiber 3 are the same as those of the first capillary glass tube 2, the center lines of the first capillary glass tube 2, the second capillary glass tube 5 and the first single-mode optical fiber 1 are superposed, a thermal regeneration grating 6 is engraved on the fiber core of the second single-mode optical fiber 4 in the second capillary glass tube 5, the length of a thermal regeneration grating 6 gate area is 15mm, the wavelength is 1570nm, and the distance between the hollow optical fiber is 20 mm. The other components and the connection relationship of the components are the same as those in embodiment 1.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
the invention adopts the fiber Fabry-Perot interference cavity to sense and cascade the thermal regeneration grating 6, in the application environment, the spectrum spectral line movement of the fiber Fabry-Perot interference cavity is simultaneously influenced by the temperature and the strain, the phenomenon is cross sensitivity, the thermal regeneration grating 6 is sealed in the second capillary glass tube 5 by ceramic glue, the thermal regeneration grating 6 is not influenced by stress and is only influenced by temperature parameters, and therefore, the central wavelength of the thermal regeneration grating 6 is used for representing the environment temperature. And after the environment temperature is determined, correcting the spectral line of the optical fiber Fabry-Perot interference cavity by using the temperature, thereby calculating the relationship between the strain borne by the sensor and the spectral line drift amount. The relationship between the wavelength of the ith peak of the fiber Fabry-Perot interference cavity and the central wavelength of the thermogravimetric optical grating, the temperature and the strain is shown as the following formula:
in the formula ofFBGIs the central wavelength, λ, of the thermally regenerated gratingFP(i)Is the wavelength of the ith peak value of the fiber Fabry-Perot interference cavity, lambdaiIs the initial value of the wavelength of the ith peak of the optical fiber Fabry-Perot interference cavity, lambda0Is the initial value of the central wavelength of the thermal regeneration grating, P is the strain sensitivity, Delta T is the variation of the ambient temperature, Delta is the variation of the axial strain of the optical fiber, and K1For temperature sensitivity, K, of a fibre-optic Fabry-Perot interferometric cavity2For light generation under heat and gravityGate temperature sensitivity.
Therefore, the variation of temperature and strain can be solved as shown in the following formula:
the invention solves the problem of cross sensitivity of temperature and strain, improves the strain sensitivity of the sensor, has simple structure and is beneficial to miniaturization of devices.
In order to verify the beneficial effects of the present invention, the inventors conducted test experiments, the test conditions were as follows:
first, test instrument
The device comprises a tube furnace, an sm125 optical demodulator, a computer, a displacement table and a strain gauge.
Second, experimental design and result analysis
1. Establishing a test system
The test piece used in this test was of the same specification as in example 1, the wavelength resolution of the sm125 optical demodulator was 1pm, and the length of the heated zone of the glass tube furnace was 200 mm.
2. Test method
2.1 test to verify the temperature response of the invention
And (3) passing the test piece through a glass tube furnace, wherein the left end of the first single-mode optical fiber 1 of the test piece is connected with an sm125 optical demodulator through an optical fiber, and the sm125 optical demodulator is connected with a computer through a USB data line to form a test system for testing the invention. The sensor is placed in the center of the glass tube test furnace to ensure that the glass tube test furnace is heated uniformly.
The test piece is placed in the center of the glass tube test furnace to ensure that the test piece is heated uniformly, broadband light emitted by the sm125 optical demodulator is transmitted through the first single-mode optical fiber 1 of the test piece, reflected by the test piece and transmitted into the sm125 optical demodulator with the receiving wavelength resolution of 1pm, the sm125 optical demodulator is connected with a computer through a USB data line, and the reflection spectral line of the sensor is received by the computer.
The temperature response line can be obtained by increasing the temperature of the glass tube furnace from room temperature to 1000 ℃ at 10 ℃ per minute and recording data every 100 ℃ after the spectrum is stabilized, as shown in figures 2 and 3.
2.2 test for verifying temperature and Strain response of the invention
The test piece passes through the glass tube furnace, the left end of the first single-mode fiber 1 of the test piece is connected with the sm125 optical demodulator, and the sm125 optical demodulator is connected with a computer to form the test system. The capillary glass tubes at two ends of the test piece are fixed on the displacement table by epoxy resin glue respectively, and the displacement table and the strain gauge are fixed on the fixed platform and keep the same horizontal height, so that the test piece is ensured to move in a plane. Broadband light emitted by the sm125 optical demodulator is transmitted into a test piece through the first single-mode optical fiber 1 and then transmitted out of the test piece to the sm125 optical demodulator with the receiving wavelength resolution of 1pm, the sm125 optical demodulator is connected with a computer through a USB data line, and the reflection spectral line of the sensor is received by the computer.
The temperature of the glass tube furnace varies in the range of 600 ℃ to 1000 ℃ in the magnitude of 100 ℃ per step. After the strain initial state of the sensor is adjusted by using the strain gauge, the displacement of the sensor is increased from 0 mu to 600 mu at each step by 100 mu at each constant temperature and then decreased to 0 mu, and the temperature in the furnace tube is kept for 10 minutes at each temperature point before strain is applied to ensure uniform temperature distribution, so that a strain response spectral line can be obtained, as shown in fig. 4-6.
3. Results and analysis of the experiments
As is apparent from fig. 2 and 3, the thermal regeneration grating has a good linear response to temperature, and the optical fiber fabry-perot interference structure has a low response to temperature, and is close to a parallel straight line; as can be seen from figures 4, 5 and 6, the fiber Fabry-Perot interference structure has good linear response to strain, the corresponding temperature strain sensitivity is obtained by calculating the slope of a fitting graph, and the strain sensitivity P and the fiber Fabry-Perot interference cavity temperature sensitivity K are used1Thermogravimetric grating temperature sensitivity K2The variation Δ corresponding to the temperature Δ T and the strain can be solved by substituting the above equations.
Because the sensor is limited by the high-temperature ceramic adhesive, the temperature response range changes along with the lowest tolerance temperature of the high-temperature ceramic adhesive, and the structure of the type can refer to a strain test method at 1000 ℃ at different temperatures, so that the strain at different temperatures can be accurately measured.
According to the experimental results, the sensitivity of the strain sensor in a high-temperature environment is improved by embedding the capillary glass tubes at the two ends of the optical fiber Fabry-Perot interference structure and adhering the capillary glass tubes by using high-temperature ceramic glue. The invention has the advantages of simple manufacture, low cost, high temperature resistance, high strain sensitivity, electromagnetic interference resistance and small loss, and can be used as a strain sensor structure in a high-temperature environment.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides an optic fibre high temperature strain measurement sensor based on strain sensitization structure which characterized in that: one end of a hollow optical fiber (3) is welded with a first single-mode optical fiber (1), the other end of the hollow optical fiber is welded with a second single-mode optical fiber (4), the hollow optical fiber (3) is superposed with the center lines of the first single-mode optical fiber (1) and the second single-mode optical fiber (4), the outer diameters of cladding layers are the same, an optical fiber Fabry-Perot interference cavity is formed in the hollow optical fiber (3), a first capillary glass tube (2) is sleeved on the first single-mode optical fiber (1) and is sealed with the first single-mode optical fiber (1) at the end close to the hollow optical fiber (3), the first single-mode optical fiber (1) is in a suspended state in the first capillary glass tube (2), a second capillary glass tube (5) is sleeved on the second single-mode optical fiber (4) and is sealed with the second single-mode optical fiber (4) at the end close to the hollow optical fiber (3) and the second single-mode optical fiber (4) by high-temperature glue, and the second, the center lines of the first capillary glass tube (2), the second capillary glass tube (5) and the first single-mode fiber (1) are superposed, and a fiber core of the second single-mode fiber (4) in the second capillary glass tube (5) is inscribed with a thermal regeneration grating.
2. The optical fiber high-temperature strain measurement sensor based on the strain sensitization structure according to claim 1, wherein: the distance between the hollow optical fiber (3) and the first capillary glass tube (2) and the distance between the hollow optical fiber and the second capillary glass tube (5) are equal to 10-15 mm, the length of an optical fiber Fabry-Perot interference cavity in the hollow optical fiber (3) is 200-300 mu m, and the inner diameter of the optical fiber Fabry-Perot interference cavity is 19-100 mu m.
3. The optical fiber high-temperature strain measurement sensor based on the strain sensitization structure according to claim 1, wherein: the length of the thermogravimetric grating region is 10-15 mm, the wavelength is 1530-1570 nm, and the distance between the thermogravimetric grating region and the hollow optical fiber (3) is 20-30 mm.
4. The optical fiber high-temperature strain measurement sensor based on the strain sensitization structure according to claim 1, wherein: the diameter of a fiber core of the first single-mode fiber (1) is 8.2-9 mu m, the diameter of a cladding is 125 mu m, the length of the cladding is 20-30 cm, and the second single-mode fiber (4) is equal to that of the first single-mode fiber (1).
5. The optical fiber high-temperature strain measurement sensor based on the strain sensitization structure according to claim 1, wherein: the inner diameter of the first capillary glass tube (2) is 318-368 mu m, the outer diameter of the first capillary glass tube is 449-499 mu m, and the second capillary glass tube (5) is equal to the first capillary glass tube (2).
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| CN115790923A (en) * | 2022-10-25 | 2023-03-14 | 西北大学 | Fabry-Perot interference type all-fiber pressure sensor based on cantilever structure sensitization |
| CN116608891A (en) * | 2023-07-20 | 2023-08-18 | 山东省科学院激光研究所 | Optical fiber F-P cavity sensor and manufacturing method thereof |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113155163A (en) * | 2020-10-13 | 2021-07-23 | 西北大学 | Optical fiber temperature and pressure sensor based on double-capillary packaging |
| CN115790923A (en) * | 2022-10-25 | 2023-03-14 | 西北大学 | Fabry-Perot interference type all-fiber pressure sensor based on cantilever structure sensitization |
| CN115371582A (en) * | 2022-10-26 | 2022-11-22 | 上海拜安传感技术有限公司 | Optical fiber F-P strain gauge and assembling method thereof |
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| CN116608891A (en) * | 2023-07-20 | 2023-08-18 | 山东省科学院激光研究所 | Optical fiber F-P cavity sensor and manufacturing method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20200901 |
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