CN111595256A - High-temperature-resistant optical fiber strain sensor - Google Patents
High-temperature-resistant optical fiber strain sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN111595256A CN111595256A CN202010668463.0A CN202010668463A CN111595256A CN 111595256 A CN111595256 A CN 111595256A CN 202010668463 A CN202010668463 A CN 202010668463A CN 111595256 A CN111595256 A CN 111595256A
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
- G01B11/161—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge by interferometric means
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Abstract
A high-temperature-resistant optical fiber strain sensor is characterized in that the left end of a hollow optical fiber is welded with a first single-mode optical fiber, the right end of the hollow optical fiber is bonded with a second single-mode optical fiber in a capillary glass tube by high-temperature ceramic glue, a high-temperature ceramic glue layer is formed after the high-temperature ceramic glue is solidified, a Fabry-Perot interference cavity is formed by the splicing surface of the first single-mode optical fiber and the hollow optical fiber, the splicing surface of the hollow optical fiber and the splicing surface of the second single-mode optical fiber, and a thermal regeneration Bragg grating is engraved on the second single-mode optical fiber. The invention effectively solves the problem of cross sensitivity of temperature and strain double parameters. Compared with the traditional optical fiber strain sensor, the strain sensitivity of the strain sensor is improved, the strain detection range is 0-700 mu, the temperature detection range is room temperature-1000 ℃, and the strain detection range and the temperature detection range are expanded.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sensors, and particularly relates to an optical fiber strain sensor.
Background
The pneumatic heating of the hypersonic aircraft in flight is a transient heat conduction process, the temperature change is fast, the more serious the pneumatic heating is, the larger the temperature gradient in the skin of the aircraft is, the thermal deformation of the skin and the change of thermal stress are caused, and when the thermal stress exceeds the limit value of the skin material, the skin or a component can be subjected to plastic deformation or even damage, so that the flight accident of the aircraft is caused. When the temperature field analysis of the aircraft structure is carried out, the thermal stress of the aircraft skin needs to be analyzed, and reliable reference data is provided for optimizing and designing the aircraft skin material. The temperature strain condition of the skin key part in the flying process of the aircraft is monitored in real time through the sensor system, whether the temperature and the stress of the test position are in a safe state or not is judged, and the method is a key technology for guaranteeing the safe operation and prolonging the service life of the aircraft.
A large number of attack and customs research experiments are carried out on contact type electric high-temperature strain sensors by foreign sensors, and currently, products are on the market, including: the temperature of a welding type strain gage with a full airtight structure researched and developed by KYOWA in Japan can reach 950 ℃; the testing temperature of the high-temperature wire type strain gauge developed by the American tendency precision group is as high as 1038 ℃. Compared with an electrical sensor, the optical fiber high-temperature strain sensor has the advantages of light weight, small size, capability of being installed on the surface of a structure or being embedded into the structure, small influence on a measured structure, more real data on a measuring result, strong anti-electromagnetic interference, high temperature strain response speed, good temperature and strain measurement linearity, wide application range and the like.
The existing double-structure type optical fiber temperature strain sensor has developed more structural forms, such as an interference type structure cascade FBG (fiber Bragg Grating), a long-period fiber grating (LPFG) or an interference type sensing structure, such as Fabry-Perot, Mach-Zehnder and the like. By using the cascade scheme, the optical fiber ultra-high temperature strain sensor of the high-speed flight state machine can be met.
The optical fiber temperature strain sensor mainly has the advantages that the strain detection range and the temperature detection range are small, the strain detection range is 0-200 mu, the temperature detection range is room temperature-80 ℃, and the optical fiber temperature strain sensor cannot be used in the environment with the strain detection range and the temperature detection range being large.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects that the strain sensor is cross-sensitive to temperature and strain and difficult to distinguish and measure, and provides a high-temperature-resistant optical fiber strain sensor which is simple in structure, small in size and high in sensitivity.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: the left end of the hollow-core optical fiber is welded with the first single-mode optical fiber, the right end of the hollow-core optical fiber is welded with the second single-mode optical fiber positioned in the capillary glass tube, the second single-mode optical fiber is bonded with the capillary glass tube through high-temperature ceramic glue, a high-temperature ceramic glue layer is formed after the high-temperature ceramic glue is solidified, a Fabry-Perot interference cavity is formed by the splicing surface of the first single-mode optical fiber and the hollow-core optical fiber and the splicing surface of the second single-mode optical fiber, and the thermal regeneration Bragg grating is.
The high-temperature ceramic adhesive layer is positioned between the hollow optical fiber and the thermal regeneration Bragg grating.
The thermal-generating Bragg grating is positioned in the capillary glass tube, and the distance between the left end of the thermal-generating Bragg grating and the left end in the capillary glass tube is 5-15 mm.
The inner diameter of the capillary glass tube is 140-500 mu m.
The inner diameter of the hollow optical fiber is 8-70 mu m.
The inner diameter of the hollow fiber of the present invention is preferably 19 μm.
The gate region length of the thermal regeneration Bragg grating is 10mm, and the central wavelength is 1300-1350 nm or 1500-1600 nm.
The invention adopts a Fabry-Perot interference cavity formed by arranging a first single-mode fiber at one end of a hollow fiber and arranging a second single-mode fiber at the other end of the hollow fiber, and the spectral line movement of the Fabry-Perot interference cavity is influenced by temperature and strain at the same time and is cross-sensitive. The spectral line of the Bragg grating in the capillary glass tube is not influenced by stress and is only influenced by temperature parameters, and the central wavelength of the Bragg grating is used for representing the ambient temperature. And after the environment temperature is determined, correcting the spectral line of the Fabry-Perot interference cavity by using the temperature to obtain the relationship between the strain borne by the sensor and the spectral line drift amount.
The thermal regeneration Bragg grating is arranged on the second single-mode fiber and is positioned in the capillary glass tube, so that the parts of the sensor are reduced, the structure of the sensor is simple, and the sensor is miniaturized. The strain sensor effectively solves the technical problem that the strain sensor is cross sensitive to temperature and strain, improves the strain sensitivity of the sensor, has the strain detection range of 0-700 mu and the temperature detection range of room temperature-1000 ℃, expands the strain detection range and the temperature detection range, has the advantages of simple structure, small volume, high sensitivity and the like, and can be used as the strain sensor.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a plot of the reflectance spectrum of the high temperature resistant fiber optic strain sensor of example 1 at room temperature.
Fig. 3 is a temperature response curve of the bragg grating and the fabry-perot interference cavity of the high temperature resistant optical fiber strain sensor in the embodiment 1 under the stress-free condition.
FIG. 4 is a strain response curve of the high temperature resistant optical fiber strain sensor of example 1 of the present invention at 300 deg.C, 600 deg.C, and 900 deg.C.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Example 1
In fig. 1, the high temperature resistant optical fiber strain sensor of the present embodiment is formed by connecting a first single mode fiber 1, a hollow fiber 2, a high temperature ceramic adhesive layer 3, a second single mode fiber 4, a thermogravimetric fiber grating 5, and a capillary glass tube 6.
The inner diameter of the hollow optical fiber 2 of this embodiment is 19 μm, the first single mode fiber 1 is axially welded by laser at the left end of the hollow optical fiber 2, arc welding can also be adopted, the second single mode fiber 4 is axially welded by laser at the right end of the hollow optical fiber 2, the first single mode fiber 1 and the second single mode fiber 4 are commercially available commodities, the models of the first single mode fiber 1 and the second single mode fiber 4 are SMF-28, the fiber core diameter is 8.2 μm, the cladding diameter is 125 μm, the splicing surfaces of the first single mode fiber 1 and the hollow optical fiber 2, the splicing surfaces of the hollow optical fiber 2 and the second single mode fiber 4 jointly form a fabry-perot interference cavity, and the fabry-perot interference cavity with the structure can sense changes of temperature and strain simultaneously. The second single-mode fiber 4 is inscribed with a thermal regeneration Bragg grating 5, the length of a gate region of the thermal regeneration Bragg grating 5 is 10mm, and the central wavelength is 1532 nm. And after the environment temperature is determined, correcting the spectral line of the Fabry-Perot interference cavity by using the temperature, thereby obtaining the relationship between the strain of the strain sensor and the spectral line drift amount. The relationship between the wavelength of the ith peak or valley of the Fabry-Perot interference cavity and the central wavelength of the thermogravimetric fiber grating 5, the temperature and the strain is shown as the following formula:
in the formula ofiAnd λ0The initial values of the ith peak value or valley value wavelength of the Fabry-Perot interference cavity and the central wavelength of the thermogravimetric optical fiber grating 5 are shown, p is the strain sensitivity, k is1And k2Is the temperature sensitivity. The temperature variation Δ T and the strain variation Δ can be obtained as shown in the following formulas:
the right side of the second single-mode fiber 4 is coaxially bonded in the capillary glass tube 6 by using high-temperature-resistant glue, the high-temperature-resistant glue of the embodiment is high-temperature ceramic glue, a high-temperature ceramic adhesive layer 3 is formed after the high-temperature ceramic glue is solidified, the high-temperature ceramic adhesive layer 3 is positioned between the hollow fiber 2 and the thermal regeneration Bragg grating 5, the axial length of the high-temperature ceramic adhesive layer 3 is 4mm, and the inner diameter of the capillary glass tube 6 is 318 mu m. The thermogravimetric Bragg grating 5 is positioned in the capillary glass tube 6, and the distance between the left end of the thermogravimetric Bragg grating 5 and the left end in the capillary glass tube 6 is 10 mm. The high-temperature-resistant optical fiber strain sensor with the structure reduces the parts of the strain sensor, so that the structure of the strain sensor is simple, and the miniaturization of the strain sensor is facilitated. The technical problem that the strain sensor is sensitive to temperature and strain in a cross mode is effectively solved, and the strain sensitivity of the sensor is improved.
Example 2
The inner diameter of the hollow optical fiber 2 of this embodiment is 8 μm, the first single mode fiber 1 is axially welded by laser at the left end of the hollow optical fiber 2, the second single mode fiber 4 is axially welded by laser at the right end of the hollow optical fiber 2, the types of the first single mode fiber 1 and the second single mode fiber 4 are the same as those of embodiment 1, and the splicing surfaces of the first single mode fiber 1 and the hollow optical fiber 2, the hollow optical fiber 2 and the second single mode fiber 4 together form a fabry-perot interference cavity. The second single-mode fiber 4 is inscribed with a thermal regeneration Bragg grating 5, the length of a gate region of the thermal regeneration Bragg grating 5 is 10mm, and the central wavelength is 1500 nm.
The right side of the second single-mode fiber 4 is coaxially bonded in the capillary glass tube 6 by adopting high-temperature-resistant glue, the high-temperature-resistant glue of the embodiment is high-temperature ceramic glue, a high-temperature ceramic adhesive layer 3 is formed after the high-temperature ceramic glue is solidified, the high-temperature ceramic adhesive layer 3 is positioned between the hollow fiber 2 and the thermal regeneration Bragg grating 5, the axial length of the high-temperature ceramic adhesive layer 3 is 4mm, and the inner diameter of the capillary glass tube 6 is 140 micrometers. The thermogravimetric Bragg grating 5 is positioned in the capillary glass tube 6, and the distance between the left end of the thermogravimetric Bragg grating 5 and the left end in the capillary glass tube 6 is 5 mm.
The working principle is the same as in embodiment 1.
Example 3
The inner diameter of the hollow optical fiber 2 in this embodiment is 70 μm, the first single-mode optical fiber 1 is axially welded to the left end of the hollow optical fiber 2 by laser, the second single-mode optical fiber 4 is axially welded to the right end of the hollow optical fiber 2 by laser, the types of the first single-mode optical fiber 1 and the second single-mode optical fiber 4 are the same as those of embodiment 1, and the splicing surfaces of the first single-mode optical fiber 1 and the hollow optical fiber 2, the hollow optical fiber 2 and the second single-mode optical fiber 4 together form a fabry-perot interference cavity. The second single-mode fiber 4 is inscribed with a thermal regeneration Bragg grating 5, the length of the grating region of the thermal regeneration Bragg grating 5 is 10mm, and the central wavelength is 1600 nm.
The right side of the second single-mode fiber 4 is coaxially bonded in the capillary glass tube 6 by adopting high-temperature-resistant glue, the high-temperature-resistant glue of the embodiment is high-temperature ceramic glue, a high-temperature ceramic adhesive layer 3 is formed after the high-temperature ceramic glue is solidified, the high-temperature ceramic adhesive layer 3 is positioned between the hollow fiber 2 and the thermal regeneration Bragg grating 5, the axial length of the high-temperature ceramic adhesive layer 3 is 4mm, and the inner diameter of the capillary glass tube 6 is 500 mu m. The thermogravimetric Bragg grating 5 is positioned in the capillary glass tube 6, and the distance between the left end of the thermogravimetric Bragg grating 5 and the left end in the capillary glass tube 6 is 15 mm.
The working principle is the same as in embodiment 1.
Example 4
In embodiments 1 to 3, the connection relationship between the hollow-core optical fiber 2 and the first and second single-mode optical fibers 1 and 4 is the same as in embodiment 1, and the connection relationship between the second single-mode optical fiber 4 and the inside of the capillary glass tube 6 is the same as in embodiment 1. The first single mode fiber 1 and the second single mode fiber 4 are the same in type as in embodiment 1, and the hollow core fiber 2 and the capillary glass tube 6 are the same in geometric dimensions as in the corresponding embodiment. The second single-mode fiber 4 is inscribed with a thermal regeneration Bragg grating 5, the length of the gate region of the thermal regeneration Bragg grating 5 is 10mm, and the central wavelength is 1332 nm. The distance between the left end of the thermally regenerated bragg grating 5 and the left end inside the capillary glass tube 6 is the same as in the corresponding embodiment.
The working principle is the same as in embodiment 1.
Example 5
In embodiments 1 to 3, the connection relationship between the hollow-core optical fiber 2 and the first and second single-mode optical fibers 1 and 4 is the same as in embodiment 1, and the connection relationship between the second single-mode optical fiber 4 and the inside of the capillary glass tube 6 is the same as in embodiment 1. The first single mode fiber 1 and the second single mode fiber 4 are the same in type as in embodiment 1, and the hollow core fiber 2 and the capillary glass tube 6 are the same in geometric dimensions as in the corresponding embodiment. The second single-mode fiber 4 is inscribed with a thermal regeneration Bragg grating 5, the length of a gate region of the thermal regeneration Bragg grating 5 is 10mm, and the central wavelength is 1300 nm. The distance between the left end of the thermally regenerated bragg grating 5 and the left end inside the capillary glass tube 6 is the same as in the corresponding embodiment.
The working principle is the same as in embodiment 1.
Example 6
In embodiments 1 to 3, the connection relationship between the hollow-core optical fiber 2 and the first and second single-mode optical fibers 1 and 4 is the same as in embodiment 1, and the connection relationship between the second single-mode optical fiber 4 and the inside of the capillary glass tube 6 is the same as in embodiment 1. The first single mode fiber 1 and the second single mode fiber 4 are the same in type as in embodiment 1, and the hollow core fiber 2 and the capillary glass tube 6 are the same in geometric dimensions as in the corresponding embodiment. The second single-mode fiber 4 is inscribed with a thermal regeneration Bragg grating 5, the length of a grating region of the thermal regeneration Bragg grating 5 is 10mm, and the central wavelength is 1350 nm. The distance between the left end of the thermally regenerated bragg grating 5 and the left end inside the capillary glass tube 6 is the same as in the corresponding embodiment.
The working principle is the same as in embodiment 1.
In order to verify the beneficial effects of the present invention, the inventor performed experiments by using the high temperature resistant optical fiber strain sensor (strain sensor for short in the experiment) prepared in embodiment 1 of the present invention, and the experimental conditions were as follows:
1. establishing a test system
The experimental test system consists of an optical demodulator, a micro-displacement applying platform, an optical fiber clamp and a high-temperature tube furnace.
2. High-temperature-resistant optical fiber strain sensor temperature sensitivity experiment
During the experiment, the strain sensor is arranged in the center of a heating area of the high-temperature tube furnace, the two ends of the strain sensor are connected with the optical fiber, the left end of the strain sensor penetrates out of the heating area and is fixed by the optical fiber clamp, and the right end of the strain sensor penetrates out of the heating area and is fixed on the micro-displacement applying platform. And during installation, the strain sensor and the connecting optical fiber are ensured not to contact the tube furnace. Before the experiment begins, a prestress of 0.1N is applied to the strain sensor by adjusting the micro-displacement applying platform. In the experiment, the micro-displacement application platform is adjusted to apply axial strain of 0-700 mu to the strain sensor. Broadband light emitted by a light source of the optical fiber demodulator meets reflected light of two splicing surfaces (the splicing surface of the first single-mode optical fiber 1 and the hollow-core optical fiber 2 and the splicing surface of the hollow-core optical fiber 2 and the second single-mode optical fiber 4) and then interferes to form an interference spectrum; the broadband light emitted by the light source of the optical fiber demodulator is reflected on the thermo-optic fiber grating 5 to form a reflection peak on the spectrum. The interference spectrum and the reflection peak are superposed to form an experimental spectrum which enters the optical fiber demodulator. The change in wavelength was recorded every 100 μ under constant temperature conditions.
The experimental results are shown in fig. 2 and 3.
Fig. 2 is a reflection waveform curve output by the high-temperature resistant optical fiber strain sensor after demodulation by an optical fiber demodulator. And taking a peak point of the thermal regeneration Bragg grating 5 and a valley point of the Fabry-Perot interference cavity close to the grating peak value as initial calibration positions. As shown in fig. 3, the temperature sensitivities of the thermal regeneration bragg grating 5 and the fabry-perot interference cavity in this embodiment are respectively 13.72 pm/deg.c and 0.65 pm/deg.c, and the wavelength and the temperature are in a linear relationship, which are respectively:
fabry-perot interferometric cavity: lambda [ alpha ]FP(i)＝1538.93932+0.65T
Thermally-generated bragg grating 5: lambda [ alpha ]FBG＝1531.76345+15.03T
In the formula ofFP(i)Representing the wavelength, λ, of the ith valley of a Fabry-Perot interferometric cavityFBGRepresenting the wavelength of the thermally regenerated bragg grating 5 and T representing the temperature experienced by the sensor.
3. Strain experiment of high-temperature-resistant optical fiber strain sensor
The experimental test system and experimental method are the same as those of experiment 2.
The results of the experiment are shown in FIG. 4.
Fig. 4 is a strain response curve diagram of the fabry-perot interference cavity at 300 ℃, 600 ℃ and 900 ℃, and the thermal regeneration bragg grating 5 is located in the capillary glass tube and is not affected by stress, and the peak wavelength is not changed. The ambient temperature of the sensor can be determined through the peak wavelength of the thermal regeneration Bragg grating 5, and the wavelength variation of the initial calibration valley value can be determined through the temperature response curve of the Fabry-Perot interference cavity. The strain borne by the sensor can be determined by the strain response curve of the Fabry-Perot interference cavity. The relationship is calculated as follows:
at 300 ℃, the temperature is as follows:
at 600 ℃:
at 900 ℃:
in the formula ofFP(i)Representing the wavelength, λ, of the ith valley of a Fabry-Perot interferometric cavityFBGWhich represents the wavelength of the thermally regenerated bragg grating 5, T represents the ambient temperature experienced by the sensor, and x represents the strain experienced by the sensor.
Claims (9)
1. A high temperature resistant optical fiber strain sensor is characterized in that: the left end of hollow optical fiber (2) and first single mode fiber (1) butt fusion, the right-hand member and second single mode fiber (4) butt fusion that is located capillary glass pipe (6), second single mode fiber (4) and capillary glass pipe (6) bond with high temperature ceramic glue, form one deck high temperature ceramic adhesive layer (3) after the high temperature ceramic glue solidifies, the concatenation face of first single mode fiber (1) and hollow optical fiber (2), the concatenation face of hollow optical fiber (2) and second single mode fiber (4) constitutes fabry-perot interference chamber, it has thermophysics bragg grating (5) to write on second single mode fiber (4).
2. The high temperature resistant fiber optic strain sensor of claim 1, wherein: the high-temperature ceramic adhesive layer (3) is positioned between the hollow optical fiber (2) and the thermal regeneration Bragg grating (5).
3. The high temperature resistant fiber optic strain sensor of claim 1 or 2, wherein: the thermal-generating Bragg grating (5) is positioned in the capillary glass tube (6), and the distance between the left end of the thermal-generating Bragg grating (5) and the left end in the capillary glass tube (6) is 5-15 mm.
4. The high temperature resistant fiber optic strain sensor of claim 1 or 2, wherein: the inner diameter of the capillary glass tube (6) is 140-500 mu m.
5. The high temperature resistant fiber optic strain sensor of claim 3, wherein: the inner diameter of the capillary glass tube (6) is 140-500 mu m.
6. The high temperature resistant fiber optic strain sensor of claim 1, wherein: the inner diameter of the hollow optical fiber (2) is 8-70 mu m.
7. The high temperature resistant fiber optic strain sensor of claim 1 or 6, wherein: the inner diameter of the hollow optical fiber (2) is 19 mu m.
8. The high temperature resistant fiber optic strain sensor of claim 1 or 2, wherein: the length of the gate region of the thermal regeneration Bragg grating (5) is 10mm, and the central wavelength is 1300-1350 nm or 1500-1600 nm.
9. The high temperature resistant fiber optic strain sensor of claim 3, wherein: the length of the gate region of the thermal regeneration Bragg grating (5) is 10mm, and the central wavelength is 1300-1350 nm or 1500-1600 nm.
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| CN112629426A (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-04-09 | 西北工业大学 | Optical fiber strain sensing device |
| CN113155163A (en) * | 2020-10-13 | 2021-07-23 | 西北大学 | Optical fiber temperature and pressure sensor based on double-capillary packaging |
| CN114018432A (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2022-02-08 | 南京大学 | All-fiber end face integrated minimum temperature hydraulic sensor and construction method thereof |
| CN114777836A (en) * | 2022-03-10 | 2022-07-22 | 吉林大学 | Optical fiber high-temperature stress sensor based on yttrium aluminum garnet crystal derived optical fiber and preparation method thereof |
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| CN114018432A (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2022-02-08 | 南京大学 | All-fiber end face integrated minimum temperature hydraulic sensor and construction method thereof |
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