CN107505477B - Three-dimensional fiber Bragg grating wind speed and direction sensor and system - Google Patents
Three-dimensional fiber Bragg grating wind speed and direction sensor and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN107505477B CN107505477B CN201710881256.1A CN201710881256A CN107505477B CN 107505477 B CN107505477 B CN 107505477B CN 201710881256 A CN201710881256 A CN 201710881256A CN 107505477 B CN107505477 B CN 107505477B
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- bragg grating
- wind speed
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
- G01P5/26—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the direct influence of the streaming fluid on the properties of a detecting optical wave
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P13/00—Indicating or recording presence, absence, or direction, of movement
- G01P13/02—Indicating direction only, e.g. by weather vane
- G01P13/025—Indicating direction only, e.g. by weather vane indicating air data, i.e. flight variables of an aircraft, e.g. angle of attack, side slip, shear, yaw
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
- G08C23/00—Non-electrical signal transmission systems, e.g. optical systems
- G08C23/06—Non-electrical signal transmission systems, e.g. optical systems through light guides, e.g. optical fibres
Abstract
the invention relates to a three-dimensional fiber Bragg grating wind speed and direction sensor and a system, wherein the sensor comprises a base and three groups of sensing devices arranged on the base, and the three groups of sensing devices are arranged on three surfaces of the base according to a space rectangular coordinate system; the system comprises: the wind speed and direction sensor of the three-dimensional fiber Bragg grating is connected with the fiber coupler through an optical fiber, the fiber coupler is respectively connected with the broadband light source and the wavelength demodulating device, and the wavelength demodulating device is connected with the module operation equipment. The invention adopts a non-rotating structure and is provided with an independent temperature compensation grating, and has the characteristics of small volume, simple structure, high measurement precision and good stability.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fiber sensors, and particularly relates to a three-dimensional fiber Bragg grating wind speed and direction sensor and a system.
background art:
At present, a plurality of sensors for measuring wind speed and wind direction are provided, such as a pitot tube wind speed sensor, a hot wire hot film wind speed and wind direction sensor, an ultrasonic wind speed and wind direction sensor, a traditional mechanical sensor wind speed and wind direction sensor and the like. However, the existing wind speed and direction measuring equipment has certain disadvantages in stability, accuracy, responsiveness, corrosion resistance, electromagnetic interference resistance and remote detection, for example: the mechanical compensation method is adopted by the Li Cheng Rou and Ma Ming of the North China Power university to develop the fiber Bragg grating wind speed sensor and the system for monitoring the icing of the power transmission line, and the application number is as follows: 201010621828.0, publication No.: CN102175888A, because it is influenced by ambient temperature and causes the sensor measurement error great, the error value can reach 5 pm; in the full-optical fiber wind speed sensor applied to wind power generation and the research on the sensing network thereof published by wangchang et al 2012, an optical fiber bragg grating is adhered to an elastic arm pressing an eccentric cam, and a corresponding wind speed value is obtained through the change frequency of the wavelength of the optical fiber bragg grating.
The invention content is as follows:
In order to overcome the defects, the invention provides the three-dimensional fiber Bragg grating wind speed and direction sensor and the system which are slightly influenced by the environmental temperature, simple in structure, convenient to arrange, high in precision and stable for a long time.
the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a three-dimensional fiber Bragg grating wind speed and direction sensor comprises a base and three groups of sensing devices arranged on the base, wherein the three groups of sensing devices are arranged on three surfaces of the base according to a space rectangular coordinate system, each group of sensing devices comprises an optical fiber, a windward baffle and an equal-strength elastic beam, the optical fiber is embedded on the central line of the equal-strength elastic beam, and a fiber Bragg grating is carved on the optical fiber; a hollow metal pipe is arranged in the windward baffle; one end of the constant-strength elastic beam is connected with the windward baffle, the end part of the optical fiber extends into the hollow metal tube, and the other end of the constant-strength elastic beam is vertically fixed on the base.
preferably, the fiber bragg grating is 2 segments arranged at intervals, wherein one segment is positioned in the hollow metal tube, and the other segment is positioned in the equal-strength elastic beam.
preferably, the constant-strength elastic beam is made of a constant-elasticity alloy material.
Preferably, the longitudinal section of the constant-strength elastic beam is trapezoidal.
Preferably, the constant-strength elastic beam is of a double-layer composite structure.
Preferably, the thickness of the constant-strength elastic beam is 0.5-1.5 mm.
Preferably, the thickness of the windward plate is larger than that of the equal-strength elastic beam.
Preferably, the cross-sectional shape of the hollow metal tube is circular, square or oval.
A three-dimensional fiber Bragg grating wind speed and direction sensing system comprises a three-dimensional fiber Bragg grating wind speed and direction sensor, an optical fiber coupler, a wavelength demodulation device, a broadband light source and module operation equipment, wherein the three-dimensional fiber Bragg grating wind speed and direction sensor is connected with the optical fiber coupler through an optical fiber, the optical fiber coupler is respectively connected with the broadband light source and the wavelength demodulation device, and the wavelength demodulation device is connected with the module operation equipment.
Preferably, the modular computing device comprises an information processing module and an output interface, wherein: the information processing module comprises a wind speed model unit, a temperature compensation unit and a wind direction model unit; the wind speed model unit is used for storing wind speed model information and finding out the matched instantaneous wind speed according to the output signal of the wavelength demodulation device; the temperature compensation unit is used for storing a temperature compensation model and finding a matched difference value according to the output signal of the wavelength demodulation device; and the wind direction model unit is used for storing wind direction model information and synthesizing a three-dimensional wind direction according to mutually independent output signals of each group of three mutually orthogonally arranged sensing devices in the wavelength demodulation device.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the sensor designed by the invention has no rotating structure, and has the characteristics of small volume and simple structure; the influence of the ambient temperature on the sensor can be reduced to 1pm by arranging the independent temperature compensation grating, the wind speed measurement value is accurate to 0.2m/s, and the temperature compensation grating has the characteristics of high measurement precision and good stability and can be used as a high-precision temperature sensor; and the signal transmission is carried out through the optical fiber, so that the reliability of the data transmission process is ensured. In addition, the sensor can measure the wind speed and the wind direction simultaneously, a sensor measuring network can be formed by arranging a plurality of sensors, multi-point measurement is realized, and seamless access can be realized with equipment based on the fiber bragg grating technology.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-dimensional fiber Bragg grating wind speed and direction sensor;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single set of sensing devices of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-dimensional fiber Bragg grating wind speed and direction sensing system;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing the construction of the modular arithmetic device of FIG. 3;
Wherein: the device comprises a sensing device 1, an optical fiber coupler 2, a wavelength demodulating device 3, a broadband light source 4, a module operation device 5, a windward baffle 6, a hollow metal tube 7, an optical fiber Bragg grating with 8.1 temperature, an optical fiber Bragg grating with 8.2 strain, an elastic beam with equal strength 9 and an optical fiber mounting groove 10.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 3, the three-dimensional fiber bragg grating wind speed and direction sensing system of the present invention includes a three-dimensional fiber bragg grating wind speed and direction sensor, an optical fiber coupler 2, a wavelength demodulating device 3, a broadband light source 4, and a module computing device 5, wherein the three-dimensional fiber bragg grating wind speed and direction sensor is connected to the optical fiber coupler 2 through an optical fiber, the optical fiber coupler 2 is respectively connected to the broadband light source 4 and the wavelength demodulating device 3, and the wavelength demodulating device 3 is connected to the module computing device 5.
As shown in fig. 1, the three-dimensional fiber bragg grating wind speed and direction sensor includes a base and three groups of sensing devices 1 installed on the base, wherein the three groups of sensing devices 1 are arranged on three surfaces of the base according to a spatial rectangular coordinate system, the three groups of sensing devices 1 face three different directions, and the measured wind speeds in the three directions are synthesized to obtain wind speed and wind direction information. As shown in fig. 2, each group of sensing devices 1 includes an optical fiber, a windward baffle 6, and an equal-strength elastic beam 9, one end of the equal-strength elastic beam 9 on each group of sensing devices 1 is vertically fixed on the surface of the base, and the other end is horizontally connected with the windward baffle 6 through a slot, so that the windward baffle 6 and the equal-strength elastic beam 9 are in the same plane. The design takes the combination of the windward baffle 6 and the equal-strength elastic beam 9 as an elastic element and takes the fiber Bragg grating engraved on the optical fiber as a sensitive element. The windward baffle 6 is a hollow circular plate, a concentric hollow metal tube 7 is embedded in the windward baffle 6, the cross section of the hollow metal tube 7 can be circular, square or elliptical, the hollow direction of each hollow metal tube 7 in the three groups of sensing devices 1 is different from three directions, and the direction of the hollow metal tube 7 is the same as that of the sensing device 1. The optical fiber is embedded on the central line of the equal-strength elastic beam 9, and a fiber Bragg grating is engraved on the optical fiber; one end of the constant-strength elastic beam 9 is connected with the windward baffle 6, the end part of the optical fiber is inserted into the hollow metal tube 7, and the other end of the constant-strength elastic beam 9 is vertically fixed on the base.
The constant-strength elastic beam 9 is made of a constant-elasticity alloy material, the elastic modulus of the constant-strength elastic beam hardly changes along with the temperature within a certain temperature range, and the constant-strength elastic beam has the advantages of large yield strength, large elastic deformation range, small elastic hysteresis, corrosion resistance and the like. However, the constant elastic alloy which is too thin and too narrow can deform under the condition of no stress, so that the longitudinal section of the constant-strength elastic beam 9 adopts a trapezoidal structure, the thickness is 0.5-1.5 mm, and the thickness of the windward baffle plate is required to be larger than that of the constant-strength elastic beam 9, so that the stress strain is ensured to be concentrated on the constant-strength elastic beam 9. Be equipped with optic fibre mounting groove 10 in equal strength elastic beam 9, optic fibre mounting groove 10 is located equal strength elastic beam 9's central line, and optic fibre inlays in optic fibre mounting groove 10, for the naked optic fibre in protection optic fibre mounting groove 10, equal strength elastic beam 9 adopts double-deck composite construction, wherein: the thickness of the constant-elasticity alloy material on the upper layer is thinner than that of the constant-elasticity alloy material on the lower layer, and then 2 pieces of constant-elasticity alloys with the same size and different thickness are welded together by a metal welding process so as to ensure that the constant-elasticity alloys and the lower layer do not generate relative displacement after being stressed and deformed.
One end of the optical fiber embedded in the optical fiber installation groove 10 is a free end, the free end extends out of the optical fiber installation groove 10 at the top of the equal-strength elastic beam 9 and extends into the hollow metal pipe 7, and the end part of the free end is positioned at the hollow part in the middle of the hollow metal pipe 7. The fiber bragg grating is carved on the fiber, the fiber bragg grating is 2 sections, namely a temperature fiber bragg grating 8.1 and a strain fiber bragg grating 8.2, the 2 sections of the fiber bragg gratings are arranged at intervals, wherein the temperature fiber bragg grating 8.1 is positioned at the end part of the free end of the fiber, one end of the temperature fiber bragg grating 8.1 is fixed on the inner wall of the hollow metal tube 7, and the other end of the temperature fiber bragg grating is a free end; the strain fiber Bragg grating 8.2 and the optical fiber are embedded into the optical fiber mounting groove 10 of the equal-strength elastic beam 9, and two ends of the strain fiber Bragg grating 8.2 are fixed by epoxy resin glue.
each group of sensing devices 1 is respectively connected with an optical fiber coupler 2 through an optical fiber, the optical fiber coupler 2 can adopt a 3db coupler, and can also adopt couplers with equivalent efficacy in other models, the optical fiber coupler 2 is respectively connected with a broadband light source 4 and a wavelength demodulation device 3, the wavelength adjustment device 3 can adopt a GM8050 fiber grating demodulator, and can also adopt other fiber grating demodulators with equivalent efficacy in other models, and the wavelength demodulation device 3 is connected with a module arithmetic device 5.
As shown in fig. 4, the module operation device 5 includes an information processing module and an output interface, wherein: the information processing module comprises a wind speed model unit, a temperature compensation unit and a wind direction model unit; the wind speed model unit is used for storing wind speed model information and searching the matched instantaneous wind speed according to the output signal of the wavelength demodulation device 3; the temperature compensation unit is used for storing a temperature compensation model and finding a matched difference value according to the output signal of the wavelength demodulation device 3; the wind direction model unit is used for storing wind direction model information and synthesizing a three-dimensional wind direction according to mutually independent output signals of each group of sensing devices 1 which are orthogonally arranged in the wavelength demodulation device 3; the output interface of the modular computing device 5 can be connected with the relevant device.
In order to eliminate the influence of the ambient temperature on the sensor wavelength, the invention designs two sections of Bragg gratings of a temperature fiber Bragg grating 8.1 and a strain fiber Bragg grating 8.2, thereby obtaining accurate temperature compensation, and the specific calculation implementation mode is as follows:
Δλ＝[(1-p)X+(ξ+α)ΔT]λ
Δλ＝[(ξ+α)ΔT]λ
Wherein: delta lambda 1 is the variation of the central wavelength of the strain Bragg grating, delta lambda 2 is the variation of the central wavelength of the temperature Bragg grating, lambda 1 is the wavelength of the strain Bragg grating, lambda 2 is the wavelength of the temperature Bragg grating, X is the axial strain, delta T is the temperature difference, pe is the effective elastic coefficient, xi is the thermo-optic coefficient of the optical fiber, and alpha is the thermal expansion coefficient.
the change of the central wavelength of the strain Bragg grating is influenced by the strain and the temperature together, wherein the change quantity of the central wavelength of the strain Bragg grating is the sum of the influence of the strain and the temperature, and the change of the wavelength in the temperature Bragg grating is only related to the temperature, so the temperature is determined through the temperature Bragg grating, the strain is obtained through the formula, and the wind speed value is calculated through the operation module. Therefore, the invention can also realize the measurement of the ambient temperature, and the measurement precision of the invention on the ambient temperature is less than 0.1 ℃.
When wind blows on the windward baffle 6, the equal-strength elastic beam 9 is bent under the action of wind speed, and simultaneously, the strain fiber Bragg grating 8.2 in the equal-strength elastic beam 9 is driven to generate strain, and the applied strain changes the period and the refractive index of the Bragg grating so that the reflection wavelength of the Bragg grating generates certain drift; the temperature fiber Bragg grating 8.1 positioned in the middle of the hollow metal tube 7 only feeds back the wavelength drift amount generated by temperature change due to the restriction of the hollow metal tube 7; broad-band light emitted by a broadband light source 4 is transmitted to a temperature fiber Bragg grating 8.1 and a strain fiber Bragg grating 8.2 through an optical fiber coupler 2 and an optical fiber, wherein narrow-band light which respectively meets the conditions of the temperature fiber Bragg grating 8.1 and the strain fiber Bragg grating 8.2 is reflected back, the reflected narrow-band light reaches a wavelength demodulating device 3 through optical fiber transmission, the wavelength demodulating device 3 demodulates the central wavelength of the two sections of Bragg gratings and then transmits the central wavelength to a module operation device 5, the module operation device 5 processes the wavelengths of the two sections of Bragg gratings so as to remove the cross influence of strain and temperature, the instantaneous three-dimensional wind speed is generated through the processing of an information processing module, and relevant information is output and displayed on a monitoring computer through an output interface of the module operation device 5.
According to the three-dimensional fiber Bragg grating wind speed and direction sensor provided by the invention, the wind speed and direction are measured through the signal change of the fiber Bragg grating in each equal-strength elastic beam 9 in each group of sensing devices 1, and the signal transmission is carried out through the optical fiber, so that the passivity of outdoor equipment is realized, the interference of external signals is not easily caused in the data transmission process, and the reliability is very high. In addition, the three-dimensional fiber Bragg grating wind speed and direction sensing system provided by the invention can arrange a plurality of three-dimensional fiber Bragg grating wind speed and direction sensors at different wind speed and direction monitoring points at the same time, so that wind speed and direction information in a larger range can be obtained.
The optical fiber coupler 2, the wavelength adjusting device 3, the broadband light source 4 and the module computing device 5 involved in the invention are all the prior art, and can be selected by a person skilled in the art according to the use function of the optical fiber coupler, and are not described herein again.
the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and these embodiments are based on different implementations of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A three-dimensional fiber Bragg grating wind speed and direction sensor is characterized in that: the sensor comprises a base and three groups of sensing devices (1) arranged on the base, wherein the three groups of sensing devices (1) are arranged on three surfaces of the base according to a space rectangular coordinate system, each group of sensing devices (1) comprises an optical fiber, a windward baffle (6) and an equal-strength elastic beam (9), the optical fiber is embedded on the central line of the equal-strength elastic beam (9), an optical fiber Bragg grating is carved on the optical fiber, and the optical fiber Bragg grating is two segments arranged at intervals and is respectively a temperature optical fiber Bragg grating (8.1) and a strain optical fiber Bragg grating (8.2); a hollow metal pipe (7) is arranged in the windward baffle (6); one end of an equal-strength elastic beam (9) is connected with the windward baffle (6), the end part of the optical fiber is inserted into the hollow metal tube (7), the other end of the equal-strength elastic beam (9) is vertically fixed on the base, a temperature optical fiber Bragg grating (8.1) in the optical fiber Bragg grating is positioned in the hollow metal tube (7), and the other section of strain optical fiber Bragg grating (8.2) and the optical fiber are embedded into an optical fiber mounting groove (10) of the equal-strength elastic beam (9).
2. The three-dimensional fiber bragg grating wind speed and direction sensor according to claim 1, wherein: the constant-strength elastic beam (9) is made of a constant-elasticity alloy material.
3. The three-dimensional fiber bragg grating wind speed and direction sensor according to claim 2, wherein: the longitudinal section of the equal-strength elastic beam (9) is trapezoidal.
4. The three-dimensional fiber bragg grating wind speed and direction sensor according to claim 2, wherein: the equal-strength elastic beam (9) is of a double-layer composite structure.
5. The three-dimensional fiber bragg grating wind speed and direction sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the thickness of the equal-strength elastic beam (9) is 0.5-1.5 mm.
6. The three-dimensional fiber bragg grating wind speed and direction sensor according to claim 5, wherein: the thickness of the windward baffle (6) is larger than that of the equal-strength elastic beam (9).
7. the three-dimensional fiber bragg grating wind speed and direction sensor according to claim 6, wherein: the cross section of the hollow metal tube (7) is round, square or oval.
8. The sensing system of the three-dimensional fiber bragg grating wind speed and direction sensor based on claim 1, wherein: the wind speed and direction sensor comprises a three-dimensional fiber Bragg grating wind speed and direction sensor, an optical fiber coupler (2), a wavelength demodulating device (3), a broadband light source (4) and module operation equipment (5), wherein the three-dimensional fiber Bragg grating wind speed and direction sensor is connected with the optical fiber coupler (2) through an optical fiber, the optical fiber coupler (2) is respectively connected with the broadband light source (4) and the wavelength demodulating device (3), and the wavelength demodulating device (3) is connected with the module operation equipment (5).
9. The sensing system of claim 8, wherein: the modular arithmetic device (5) comprises an information processing module and an output interface, wherein: the information processing module comprises a wind speed model unit, a temperature compensation unit and a wind direction model unit; the wind speed model unit is used for storing wind speed model information and finding out the matched instantaneous wind speed according to the output signal of the wavelength demodulation device (3); the temperature compensation unit is used for storing a temperature compensation model and finding a matched difference value according to an output signal of the wavelength demodulation device (3); and the wind direction model unit is used for storing wind direction model information and synthesizing a three-dimensional wind direction according to mutually independent output signals of each group of sensing devices (1) which are orthogonally arranged in the wavelength demodulation device (3).
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108387754B (en) | 2018-03-20 | 2019-12-13 | 山东省科学院激光研究所 | two-dimensional wind speed and direction sensor and system |
| CN110174526A (en) * | 2019-07-01 | 2019-08-27 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | A kind of hot type optical fiber tri-dimensional wind speed wind direction sensor and detection method |
| CN110940829A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-03-31 | 石家庄铁道大学 | Fiber bragg grating wind direction sensor and fiber bragg grating wind speed and wind direction sensor |
| CN113203507B (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2022-05-20 | 华中科技大学 | Optical fiber ground stress measuring system |
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Effective date of registration: 20181225 Address after: Room 301-1, Unit 1, Building 6, Innovation and Entrepreneurship Plaza, Science and Technology Innovation City, Harbin Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone, Heilongjiang Province, 150000 Applicant after: Harbin sailing technology development Co., Ltd. Applicant after: Harbin Engineering Univ. Applicant after: Shanghai aviation Ocean Technology Co., Ltd. Applicant after: Beijing Aircraft Technology Development Co., Ltd. Address before: Room 301-1, Unit 1, Building 6, Innovation and Entrepreneurship Plaza, Science and Technology Innovation City, Harbin Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone, Heilongjiang Province, 150000 Applicant before: Harbin sailing technology development Co., Ltd. Applicant before: Harbin Engineering Univ. Applicant before: Shanghai aviation Ocean Technology Co., Ltd. |
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Address after: 150001 No. 145, Nantong Avenue, Nangang District, Heilongjiang, Harbin Applicant after: Harbin Engineering Univ. Applicant after: Harbin sailing technology development Co., Ltd. Applicant after: Shanghai aviation Ocean Technology Co., Ltd. Applicant after: Beijing Aircraft Technology Development Co., Ltd. Address before: 150000 room 301-1, unit 6, Ju Baoyi Road, No. 6, Ju Baoyi Road, new and high tech Industrial Development Zone, Harbin high tech Industrial Development Zone, Heilongjiang Applicant before: Harbin sailing technology development Co., Ltd. Applicant before: Harbin Engineering Univ. Applicant before: Shanghai aviation Ocean Technology Co., Ltd. Applicant before: Beijing Aircraft Technology Development Co., Ltd. |
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