CN107505477A - A kind of three-dimensional fiber Bragg grating wind speed wind direction sensor and system - Google Patents
A kind of three-dimensional fiber Bragg grating wind speed wind direction sensor and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN107505477A CN107505477A CN201710881256.1A CN201710881256A CN107505477A CN 107505477 A CN107505477 A CN 107505477A CN 201710881256 A CN201710881256 A CN 201710881256A CN 107505477 A CN107505477 A CN 107505477A
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- bragg grating
- wind speed
- fiber bragg
- wind direction
- direction sensor
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
- G01P5/26—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the direct influence of the streaming fluid on the properties of a detecting optical wave
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P13/00—Indicating or recording presence, absence, or direction, of movement
- G01P13/02—Indicating direction only, e.g. by weather vane
- G01P13/025—Indicating direction only, e.g. by weather vane indicating air data, i.e. flight variables of an aircraft, e.g. angle of attack, side slip, shear, yaw
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
- G08C23/00—Non-electrical signal transmission systems, e.g. optical systems
- G08C23/06—Non-electrical signal transmission systems, e.g. optical systems through light guides, e.g. optical fibres
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of three-dimensional fiber Bragg grating wind speed wind direction sensor and system, sensor includes pedestal and three groups of sensing devices on pedestal, and spatially rectangular coordinate system is arranged on three faces of pedestal three groups of sensing devices；System includes：Three-dimensional fiber Bragg grating wind speed wind direction sensor, fiber coupler, Wavelength demodulation device, wideband light source, module arithmetic equipment, three-dimensional fiber Bragg grating wind speed wind direction sensor is connected by optical fiber with fiber coupler, fiber coupler is connected with wideband light source and Wavelength demodulation device respectively, and Wavelength demodulation device is connected with module arithmetic equipment.The present invention is using without rotational structure, and set independent temperature-compensating grating, with small volume, simple in construction, measurement accuracy is high, the good feature of stability, in addition, sensor can measure wind speed and direction simultaneously, by arranging that multiple sensors can form measurement network, multimetering is realized, but also seamless access can be realized with the equipment based on Fiber Bragg Grating technology.
Description
Technical field：
The invention belongs to fiber optic sensor technology field, and in particular to a kind of three-dimensional fiber Bragg grating wind speed and direction passes
Sensor and system.
Background technology：
The sensor of measurement wind speed and direction has many kinds at present, such as Pitot tube air velocity transducer, hot line hotting mask wind speed and direction
Sensor, ultrasonic wind speed and direction sensor and traditional mechanical sensor wind speed wind direction sensor etc..But current wind
There is certain in stability, accuracy, response, corrosion-resistant, electromagnetism interference and remote detection for fast wind direction measuring apparatus
Weak point, such as：The Li Chengrong of North China Electric Power University, the bright use mechanical compensation method of Malaysian develop " powerline ice-covering
Monitoring Fiber Bragg Grating FBG air velocity transducer and system " application number：201010621828.0 publication number：
CN102175888A, cause sensor measurement errors larger because its is influenced by ambient temperature, error amount can reach 5pm；2012
The paper that Nian Wangchang et al. is delivered《All -fiber air velocity transducer and its Sensor Network applied to wind-power electricity generation are studied》In, it is by light
Fine Bragg grating is pasted onto on the elastic arm for compressing eccentric cam, is obtained by the change frequency of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG wavelength
Corresponding air speed value, although this method can eliminate the influence that temperature band is come, sensor equally exists measurement at low wind speeds
Error.
The content of the invention：
The present invention is overcomes drawbacks described above, there is provided it is a kind of it is influenced by ambient temperature it is small, simple in construction, lay convenient, essence
Spend three-dimensional fiber Bragg grating wind speed wind direction sensor high, steady in a long-term and system.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is：A kind of three-dimensional fiber Bragg grating wind speed wind direction sensor, including base
Seat and three groups of sensing devices on pedestal, spatially rectangular coordinate system is arranged in the three of pedestal to three groups of sensing devices
On individual face, every group of sensing device includes optical fiber, windward baffle plate, equal strength spring beam, and the optical fiber is embedded in equal strength spring beam
On heart line, Fiber Bragg Grating FBG is carved with optical fiber；Hollow metal tube is provided with the baffle plate windward；Equal strength spring beam one
End is connected with baffle plate windward, and the end of optical fiber is probeed into inside hollow metal tube, and the equal strength spring beam other end is vertically fixed on
On pedestal.
Preferably, the Fiber Bragg Grating FBG is spaced 2 sections, wherein one section is located inside hollow metal tube,
Another section in equal strength spring beam.
Preferably, the equal strength spring beam is made of constant modulus alloy material.
Preferably, the longitudinal section of the equal strength spring beam is trapezoidal.
Preferably, the equal strength spring beam is two-layer composite.
Preferably, the thickness of the equal strength spring beam is 0.5-1.5 millimeters.
Preferably, the thickness of the baffle plate windward is more than the thickness of equal strength spring beam.
Preferably, the shape of cross section of hollow metal tube is circular, square or oval.
A kind of three-dimensional fiber Bragg grating wind speed and direction sensor-based system, including three-dimensional fiber Bragg grating wind speed and direction
Sensor, fiber coupler, Wavelength demodulation device, wideband light source, module arithmetic equipment, the three-dimensional fiber Bragg grating wind
Fast wind transducer is connected by optical fiber with fiber coupler, and fiber coupler connects with wideband light source and Wavelength demodulation device respectively
Connect, the Wavelength demodulation device is connected with module arithmetic equipment.
Preferably, the module arithmetic equipment includes message processing module and output interface, wherein：Described information handles mould
Block includes Wind speed model unit, temperature compensation unit and wind direction model unit；The Wind speed model unit, for storing wind speed mould
Type information, matching instantaneous wind speed is searched out according to Wavelength demodulation device output signal；The temperature compensation unit, is used for
Storage temperature compensation model, matching difference is searched out according to Wavelength demodulation device output signal；The wind direction model list
Member, it is mutual according to every group of sensing device of three mutually orthogonal placements in Wavelength demodulation device for storing wind direction model information
Independent output signal synthesizes three-dimensional wind direction.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：The sensor that the present invention designs has small volume, simple in construction without rotational structure
Feature；By setting up independent temperature-compensating grating, influence of the environment temperature to sensor can be down to 1pm, by measuring wind speed
Value is accurate to 0.2m/s, has measurement accuracy height, the good feature of stability, and temperature-compensating grating is alternatively arranged as a high accuracy
Temperature sensor use；Signal transmission is carried out by optical fiber, ensure that the reliability of data transmission procedure.In addition, sensing
Device can measure wind speed and direction simultaneously, by arranging that multiple sensors can form sensor measuring network, realize multimetering, also
Seamless access can be realized with the equipment based on Fiber Bragg Grating technology.
Brief description of the drawings：
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of three-dimensional fiber Bragg grating wind speed wind direction sensor；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of single group sensing device in Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is a kind of structural representation of three-dimensional fiber Bragg grating wind speed and direction sensor-based system；
Fig. 4 is the structured flowchart of module arithmetic equipment in Fig. 3；
Wherein：1 sensing device, 2 fiber couplers, 3 Wavelength demodulation devices, 4 wideband light sources, 5 module arithmetic equipment, 6 are met
Windshield plate, 7 hollow metal tubes, 8.1 optical fiber temperature Bragg gratings, 8.2 strain Fiber Bragg Grating FBGs, 9 equal strength spring beams,
10 optical fiber mounting grooves.
Embodiment：
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in figure 3, a kind of three-dimensional fiber Bragg grating wind speed and direction sensor-based system of the present invention, including three-dimensional fiber
Bragg grating wind speed wind direction sensor, fiber coupler 2, Wavelength demodulation device 3, wideband light source 4, module arithmetic equipment 5, institute
Three-dimensional fiber Bragg grating wind speed wind direction sensor is stated to be connected with fiber coupler 2 by optical fiber, fiber coupler 2 respectively with
Wideband light source 4 and Wavelength demodulation device 3 are connected, and the Wavelength demodulation device 3 is connected with module arithmetic equipment 5.
As shown in figure 1, the three-dimensional fiber Bragg grating wind speed wind direction sensor, including pedestal and on pedestal
Three groups of sensing devices 1, spatially rectangular coordinate system is arranged on three faces of pedestal three groups of sensing devices 1, three groups of biographies
The wind speed in three measured directions is carried out composite calulation and obtains wind speed and wind direction by induction device 1 towards three different directions
Information.As shown in Fig. 2 every group of sensing device 1 includes optical fiber, windward baffle plate 6, equal strength spring beam 9, on every group of sensing device 1
The one end of equal strength spring beam 9 be vertically fixed on base-plates surface, the other end is made by slot and the horizontal connection of baffle plate 6 windward
Baffle plate 6 is in approximately the same plane with equal strength spring beam 9 windward.The design is made with baffle plate 6 windward and the combination of equal strength spring beam 9
For flexible member, the Fiber Bragg Grating FBG to be engraved on optical fiber is used as sensing element.The baffle plate windward 6 is hollow plectane,
Concentric hollow metal tube 7 is embedded with baffle plate 6 windward, the shape of cross section of the hollow metal tube 7 can be circular, square
Or oval, three different directions of hollow direction of each hollow metal tube 7 in three groups of sensing devices 1, hollow metal tube 7
Direction is identical with the direction of affiliated sensing device 1.The optical fiber is carved with the center line of equal strength spring beam 9 on optical fiber
Fiber Bragg Grating FBG；The one end of equal strength spring beam 9 is connected with baffle plate 6 windward, and the end of optical fiber is probeed into hollow metal tube 7
Portion, the other end of equal strength spring beam 9 are vertically fixed on pedestal.
The equal strength spring beam 9 is made of constant modulus alloy material, material springform in certain temperature range
Amount has the advantages that yield strength is big, and elastic deformation scope is big, and elastic hysteresis is small, corrosion-resistant little with temperature change.But cross
Thin narrow constant modulus alloy can also deform in the case where not stressing, therefore moderate strength spring beam 9 of the present invention is vertical
Trapezium structure is used to section, thickness selects 0.5-1.5 millimeters, and Weir Plate Thickness have to be larger than equal strength spring beam 9 windward
Thickness, so as to which the strain of ability proof stress is concentrated on equal strength spring beam 9.Optical fiber mounting groove is provided with equal strength spring beam 9
10, the optical fiber mounting groove 10 is located on the center line of equal strength spring beam 9, and optical fiber is in optical fiber mounting groove 10, for protection
Exposed optical fiber in optical fiber mounting groove 10, equal strength spring beam 9 use two-layer composite, wherein：Permanent bullet positioned at upper strata closes
Golden material thickness will be thinner than the thickness of the constant elastic alloy material of lower floor, then by metal welding procedure, by same size, thin and thick not
2 same constant elastic alloys weld together, to ensure that the two does not produce relative displacement after stress and deformation.
Optical fiber one end in optical fiber mounting groove 10 is free end, the free end its from the top of equal strength spring beam 9
Stretch out and probeed into inside hollow metal tube 7 in optical fiber mounting groove 10, the end of its free end is located at the hollow of the centre of hollow metal tube 7
Place.Fiber Bragg Grating FBG is carved with optical fiber, the Fiber Bragg Grating FBG is 2 sections, respectively optical fiber temperature Prague light
Grid 8.1 and strain 8.2,2 sections of Fiber Bragg Grating FBGs of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG are arranged at intervals, wherein optical fiber temperature Bragg grating
8.1 are located at the end of optical fiber free end, and the one end of optical fiber temperature Bragg grating 8.1 is fixed on the inwall of hollow metal tube 7,
The other end is free end；Strain Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 8.2 is embedded into the optical fiber mounting groove of equal strength spring beam 9 together with optical fiber
In 10, the both ends of strain Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 8.2 are fixed with epoxide-resin glue.
Every group of sensing device 1 is connected by optical fiber with fiber coupler 2 respectively, and the fiber coupler 2 can use 3db couplings
Clutch, can also use other models that there is the coupler of equivalent effect, the fiber coupler 2 respectively with wideband light source 4 and ripple
Long demodulating equipment 3 connects, and the Wavelength tuning device 3 can use GM8050 fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulators, can also use other models
Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator with equivalent effect, the Wavelength demodulation device 3 are connected with module arithmetic equipment 5.
As shown in figure 4, the module arithmetic equipment 5 includes message processing module and output interface, wherein：At described information
Reason module includes Wind speed model unit, temperature compensation unit and wind direction model unit；The Wind speed model unit, for storing wind
Fast model information, matching instantaneous wind speed is searched out according to the output signal of Wavelength demodulation device 3；The temperature-compensating list
Member, for storage temperature compensation model, matching difference is searched out according to the output signal of Wavelength demodulation device 3；The wind
To model unit, for storing wind direction model information, according to every group of sensing of three mutually orthogonal placements in Wavelength demodulation device 3
The separate output signal of device 1 synthesizes three-dimensional wind direction；The output interface of module arithmetic equipment 5 can be connected with relevant device.
In order to eliminate influence of the environment temperature to sensor wavelength, the present invention devises optical fiber temperature Bragg grating 8.1
With strain 8.2 two sections of Bragg gratings of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG, so as to obtain accurate temperature-compensating, specific calculate is realized
Mode is as follows：
Δλ1=[(1-pe)X+(ξ+α)ΔT]λ1
Δλ2=[(ξ+α) Δ T] λ2
Wherein：Δλ1For strain Bragg grating center wavelength variation amount, Δ λ2Become for temperature Bragg grating centre wavelength
Change amount, λ1For strain Bragg grating wavelength, λ2Be axial strain for temperature Bragg grating wavelength, X, Δ T be the temperature difference, peFor
Valid elastic-optic constants, ξ are the thermo-optical coeffecient of optical fiber, α is thermal coefficient of expansion.
It is strained with the joint effect of temperature to strain Bragg grating center wavelength variation, wherein straining Bragg grating
Center wavelength variation amount influences sum for strain and temperature, and the change of temperature Bragg grating medium wavelength is only relevant with temperature,
So being strained by temperature Bragg grating temperature, then by above-mentioned formula, air speed value is calculated by computing module.
Thus, the present invention can also realize the measurement to environment temperature, and its measurement accuracy to environment temperature is less than 0.1 DEG C.
When wind to windward on baffle plate 6 when, equal strength spring beam 9 will bend in the presence of wind speed, drive simultaneously
Strain Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 8.2 inside equal strength spring beam 9 produces strain, and the strain of application will change Bragg grating
Cycle and its refractive index, its reflection wavelength is set to produce certain drift value；And the optical fiber temperature cloth among hollow metal tube 7
Glug grating 8.1, due to receiving the restriction of hollow metal tube 7, so as to wavelength shift only caused by feedback temperature change；It is wide
With the wide spectrum optical that light source 4 is sent optical fiber temperature Bragg grating 8.1 and strain optical fiber are transferred to by fiber coupler 2 and optical fiber
Bragg grating 8.2, wherein meeting optical fiber temperature Bragg grating 8.1 respectively and straining the condition of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG 8.2
Narrow-band spectrum will be reflected back, the narrow-band spectrum being reflected back, then be transferred to by optical fiber up to Wavelength demodulation device 3, ripple
Long demodulating equipment 3 demodulates two sections of Bragg grating centre wavelengths, is then transferred to module arithmetic equipment 5, module arithmetic equipment 5
Two sections of Bragg grating bragg wavelengths are handled, so as to remove strain and the cross influence of temperature, by information processing
Resume module, instantaneous three-dimensional velocity is produced, then the output interface through module arithmetic equipment 5 exports relevant information and including supervising
Control on computer.
Three-dimensional fiber Bragg grating wind speed wind direction sensor provided by the present invention, by every in every group of sensing device 1
The signal intensity of Fiber Bragg Grating FBG inside individual equal strength spring beam 9 realizes the measurement to wind speed and direction, and passes through optical fiber
Signal transmission is carried out, realizes the passive of outdoor equipment, and be not easily susceptible to outer signals in the transmitting procedure of data and do
Disturb, there is very high reliability.In addition, three-dimensional fiber Bragg grating wind speed and direction sensor-based system provided by the invention, can be same
When multiple three-dimensional fiber Bragg grating wind speed wind direction sensors are arranged in different wind speed and direction monitoring points, just obtain larger
In the range of wind speed and direction information.
Involved fiber coupler 2, Wavelength tuning device 3, wideband light source 4, module arithmetic equipment 5 are in the present invention
Prior art, those skilled in the art can voluntarily be selected using function according to it, will not be repeated here.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, these embodiments are all based on the present invention
Different implementations under general idea, and protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, it is any to be familiar with the art
Technical staff the invention discloses technical scope in, the change or replacement that can readily occur in, should all cover the present invention's
Within protection domain.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the protection domain of claims.
Claims (10)
- A kind of 1. three-dimensional fiber Bragg grating wind speed wind direction sensor, it is characterised in that：Including pedestal and on pedestal Three groups of sensing devices (1), spatially rectangular coordinate system is arranged on three faces of pedestal three groups of sensing devices (1), often Group sensing device (1) includes optical fiber, windward baffle plate (6), equal strength spring beam (9), and the optical fiber is embedded in equal strength spring beam (9) On center line, Fiber Bragg Grating FBG is carved with optical fiber；Hollow metal tube (7) is provided with the baffle plate windward (6)；Equal strength Spring beam (9) one end is connected with baffle plate windward (6), and the end of optical fiber probes into hollow metal tube (7) inside, equal strength spring beam (9) other end is vertically fixed on pedestal.
- A kind of 2. three-dimensional fiber Bragg grating wind speed wind direction sensor according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described Fiber Bragg Grating FBG is spaced 2 sections, wherein one section internal positioned at hollow metal tube (7), another section is located at equal strength In spring beam (9).
- A kind of 3. three-dimensional fiber Bragg grating wind speed wind direction sensor according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：It is described Equal strength spring beam (9) is made of constant modulus alloy material.
- A kind of 4. three-dimensional fiber Bragg grating wind speed wind direction sensor according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：It is described The longitudinal section of equal strength spring beam (9) is trapezoidal.
- A kind of 5. three-dimensional fiber Bragg grating wind speed wind direction sensor according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：It is described Equal strength spring beam (9) is two-layer composite.
- 6. according to a kind of any described three-dimensional fiber Bragg grating wind speed wind direction sensors of claim 1-5, its feature exists In：The thickness of the equal strength spring beam (9) is 0.5-1.5 millimeters.
- A kind of 7. three-dimensional fiber Bragg grating wind speed wind direction sensor according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：It is described The thickness of baffle plate (6) is more than the thickness of equal strength spring beam (9) windward.
- A kind of 8. three-dimensional fiber Bragg grating wind speed wind direction sensor according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：It is hollow The shape of cross section of metal tube (7) is circular, square or oval.
- 9. based on a kind of three-dimensional fiber Bragg grating wind speed and direction sensor-based system described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Bag Include three-dimensional fiber Bragg grating wind speed wind direction sensor, fiber coupler (2), Wavelength demodulation device (3), wideband light source (4), Module arithmetic equipment (5), the three-dimensional fiber Bragg grating wind speed wind direction sensor are connected by optical fiber and fiber coupler (2) Connect, fiber coupler (2) is connected with wideband light source (4) and Wavelength demodulation device (3) respectively, the Wavelength demodulation device (3) with Module arithmetic equipment (5) connects.
- A kind of 10. three-dimensional fiber Bragg grating wind speed and direction sensor-based system according to claim 9, it is characterised in that： The module arithmetic equipment (5) includes message processing module and output interface, wherein：Described information processing module includes wind speed mould Type unit, temperature compensation unit and wind direction model unit；The Wind speed model unit, for storing Wind speed model information, according to Wavelength demodulation device (3) output signal searches out matching instantaneous wind speed；The temperature compensation unit, for storage temperature Compensation model, matching difference is searched out according to Wavelength demodulation device (3) output signal；The wind direction model unit, use It is mutual according to every group of sensing device (1) of three mutually orthogonal placements in Wavelength demodulation device (3) to store wind direction model information Independent output signal synthesizes three-dimensional wind direction.
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| CN108387754A (en) * | 2018-03-20 | 2018-08-10 | 山东省科学院激光研究所 | Two-D wind speed wind direction sensor and system |
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| CN113777344A (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2021-12-10 | 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所 | Wind speed and direction sensor |
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| CN108387754A (en) * | 2018-03-20 | 2018-08-10 | 山东省科学院激光研究所 | Two-D wind speed wind direction sensor and system |
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| CN113777344A (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2021-12-10 | 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所 | Wind speed and direction sensor |
| CN113777344B (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2024-04-19 | 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所 | Wind speed and direction sensor |
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