CN101833014A - Fiber Bragg grating type wind farm wind velocity long-range detector - Google Patents
Fiber Bragg grating type wind farm wind velocity long-range detector Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fiber Bragg grating type wind farm wind velocity long-range detector which comprises a rotating shaft fixedly provided with a wind cup and is characterized in that a cam is arranged on the rotating shaft, a fixed seat is arranged on one side of the rotating shaft, a spring piece is arranged on the fixed seat, the top part of the spring piece is in contact with a rim of the cam, and a fiber Bragg grating is longitudinally fixedly arranged on the spring piece; the fiber Bragg grating is connected with an optical fiber coupler through an optical cable, and the optical fiber coupler is respectively connected with an optical fiber light source and a fiber Bragg grating demodulator; and the fiber Bragg grating demodulator is connected with a computer. The fiber Bragg grating type wind farm wind velocity long-range detector is mainly used for manufacturing the wind velocity detector.
Description
Technical field
Patent of the present invention relates to a kind of wind speed pick-up unit, relates in particular to the long-range wind speed on-line detecting system that a kind of using optical fibre grating technology realizes.
Background technology
The subject matter that the energy and environment problem has become global sustainable development and faced causes the extensive concern of international community day by day and seeks positive countermeasure.Wind energy is a kind of renewable, pollution-free green energy, be inexhaustible, nexhaustible, and reserves is very abundant.According to estimates, global available wind energy total amount is at 53000TWh/.Large-scale developing and utilizing of wind energy, will effectively reduce fossil energy use, reduce greenhouse gas emission, protection environment.Greatly developing wind energy has become the important selection of national governments.
Before building wind energy turbine set, at first will to the addressing area carry out wind speed more than 1 year detect with determine whether to have stronger wind energy resources, information such as annual wind field situation, wind speed situation of change, just can determine whether to be necessary to build the installed capacity of wind energy turbine set and design wind energy turbine set etc. according to these information.As seen; wind speed to wind field carries out accurate fast detecting; design and raising wind-power electricity generation efficient for wind-power electricity generation are very crucial; in addition, only be only effective generating wind speed when wind speed is 5m/s to 25m/s, the wind that is lower than 5m/s can't effectively utilize; the wind that is higher than 25m/s is easily to causing the destruction of electromechanical equipment; the treatment measures of taking at present are stoppage protection, and as seen, wind speed detects also very important for the wind-power electricity generation security control.
Yet, the wind energy turbine set addressing often in the desert, remote area such as coastal, facility such as electric power, traffic is all unsound, therefore must consider wiring, remote detection problem when the wind speed pick-up unit is installed, and sensor is installed and is subjected to maximum restriction also is problems such as geographic position and power supply.The at present domestic electronic product that detects at wind speed is studied many, but these products depend on power supply, sun power etc., and also there are the problem that is difficult to overcome in signal transmission, antijamming capability and long-time stability.
Wind speed and direction detection means at present commonly used has: Pitot tube survey wind speed, hot line hotting mask survey wind speed and direction, ultrasound wave are surveyed wind speed and direction, mechanical sensor is surveyed wind speed and direction etc.
1, Pitot tube is a kind of general in the world wind speed method of testing.Its effect is to change wind speed into pressure reduction, tries to achieve wind speed by the difference of measuring the stagnation pressure static pressure.
2, the hot line hotting mask is surveyed wind speed.Hot type wind speed wind direction sensor surface is through heating, and central temperature is higher than the environment certain numerical value, when sensor surface is crossed in wind, and can be to the inhomogeneous cooling in surface.Sensor surface produces a thermograde in the upstream and downstream of wind direction.Decide the size of wind speed by the temperature difference at measuring center symmetric points place.Two-D wind speed wind direction sensor based on thermocouple adopts polysilicon heating element and thermoelectric pile as temperature element.Can obtain wind speed and direction information simultaneously by the symmetrical temperature difference on measurement level and the vertical direction.
3, ultrasound wave is surveyed wind speed.It is to utilize the influence of ultrasound wave velocity of propagation wind-engaging in air to come measuring wind that ultrasound wave is surveyed wind speed.If in wind field along two pairs of ultrasonic transducers of the parallel placement of directions X, T1, T2 is emission, R1, and R2 is for receiving, they are L apart, as shown in Figure 6, as long as measure on certain direction along under the contrary wind condition, from applying driving pulse to transmitter, the transonic time when receiver is received first pulse, just can obtain the wind speed on this direction.According to the vector composition principle, finally can obtain total wind speed, wind direction again.
4, mechanical sensor is surveyed wind speed.Direction inductor is the veneer weathercock.When rotating, weathercock drives seven Gray's code-discs.Owing to above each of Gray's code-disc light emitting diode is housed all, so when wind direction changed, the phototriode that is contained in below the code-disc just was in conducting or cut-off state.Obtain corresponding wind direction by exporting seven Gray code numerals, resolution is 2.8125 degree.
Air velocity transducer has cup-shaped and wing two kinds.Vane wind gage sensing part generally is made up of three semispheres or parabolic cone shape drag cup shell, and the cup shell is fixed on the three forked type supports that are mutually 120 degree.The concave surface of cup is arranged along a direction, and whole transverse arm frame is fixed on the vertical turning axle.Vane is subjected to the effect of torsional moment and begins rotation under wind action, and its rotating speed becomes certain relation with wind speed.When vane rotated, the phototriode state below multiple tooth rotating disk just can obtain the frequency signal that is directly proportional with the vane rotating speed, can draw the actual wind speed value through converting.
Yet above detection mode all has very big drawback, and the Pitot tubular type is to the blast indeterminacy, and the stream field of instrument own can produce disturbance, and pitot hole needs to be unfavorable for measuring natural wind over against wind direction, can not remote monitoring; Hotting mask thermo-couple sensor obviously increases at the high wind speed time error, and is longer with the corresponding time of temperature survey, and the trigonometric function method is measured wind direction, influenced by the wind speed size, nor the energy remote monitoring; It is that noninertia is measured that supercritical ultrasonics technology detects the wind speed advantage, but signal a little less than, strong wind causes signal to decay significantly, signal capture difficulty against the wind can not remote detection; Mechanical detection, linear relationship is good, and anti-high wind ability is strong, and response is fast, precision is good, but pareira hitting and electromagnetic interference (EMI) needs relay station and power supply measure during remote detection, be unfavorable for remote detection.
Summary of the invention
Present design is utilized the technical advantage of fiber optic sensor technology, research and develop a kind of long-range wind speed pick-up unit of full optical fiber, this device sensor need not be powered, can realize that remote online detects, highly sensitive, working stability is reliable, is not subjected to on-the-spot electromagnetic interference (EMI), and set up database, form a cover wind field wind speed remote online detection system.The remote online that the wind-power electricity generation wind field be need not to power, need not relay station detects, and adopts wavelength-division multiplex technique to realize that the series connection of many group probes detects simultaneously.
Fundamental purpose of the present invention is to solve existing electronic product to need power supply, the multistage relay station of needs just can carry out remote monitoring, pareiraly hit with electromagnetic interference (EMI), be not easy to problem such as multi-point sensing device formation sensing net when the monitoring wind farm wind velocity, adopt full optical fiber designs scheme, it is more reliable to make that long-range wind speed detects, and makes sensing net of the easier structure of a plurality of sensors by wavelength-division multiplex.Sensor probe adopts fiber grating as sensing element, therefore be not afraid of electromagnetic interference (EMI), be not afraid of thunderbolt, the fiber-optic signal loss is little, therefore can realize remote the detection and without relay station, grating wavelength narrow range (three dB bandwidth 0.2nm), therefore can be under a wide spectrum wavelength-division multiplex, realized that the multiple spot of a plurality of sensor probes of (FBG) demodulator band detects.
A kind of fiber Bragg grating type wind farm wind velocity long-range detector, it comprises the rotating shaft that is set with vane, it is characterized in that described rotating shaft is provided with cam, be provided with holder in rotating shaft one side, described holder is provided with the shell fragment that the top contacts with the cam wheel rim, on shell fragment, vertically fixedly install fiber grating, and shell fragment is applied in pretension makes it can be close to cam all the time, thereby can play and follow the rotation of cam at shell fragment and have higher damping when modulated, can not produce resonance, be convenient to the signal demodulation;
Described fiber grating is connected with fiber coupler by optical cable, and described fiber coupler is connected with fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator with optical fiber source respectively; Described fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator is connected with computing machine.
A kind of fiber Bragg grating type wind farm wind velocity long-range detector dedicated probe, it comprises the rotating shaft that is set with vane, it is characterized in that described rotating shaft is provided with cam, be provided with holder in rotating shaft one side, described holder is provided with the shell fragment that the top of pretension contacts with the cam wheel rim, vertically fixedly install fiber grating on shell fragment, shell fragment is applied in certain power and abuts against on the cam in advance.
Described cam (as shown in Figure 3), the radius of circular arc portion are r, and projection and distance of shaft centers be from being d, and d is greater than r, thereby when making moving week of cam revolution, always once make the distance in shell fragment and axle center greater than r, and maximal value is d.
A kind of fiber Bragg grating type wind farm wind velocity long-range detection system is characterized in that it comprises 2-100 the fiber Bragg grating type wind farm wind velocity long-range detector dedicated probe that is cascaded; Described probe comprises the rotating shaft that is set with vane, it is characterized in that described rotating shaft is provided with cam, be provided with holder in rotating shaft one side, described holder is provided with the shell fragment that the top contacts with the cam wheel rim, vertically fixedly installs fiber grating on shell fragment; The centre wavelength of the described fiber grating of respectively popping one's head in is 0.4nm at least at interval, and described optical fiber source is the wide bandwidth spectroscopic light source;
Described fiber grating is connected with fiber coupler by optical cable, and described fiber coupler is connected with fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator with optical fiber source respectively; Described fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator is connected with computing machine.
Described wide bandwidth spectroscopic light source is communication 1.5um SLD light source or an ASE light source.
Described fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator adopts the high speed optic fiber grating (FBG) demodulator of MOI.This fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator sweep frequency can reach more than the 1KHz, realizes the demodulation of optic fiber grating wavelength information.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the fiber Bragg grating type wind farm wind velocity long-range detector schematic diagram; Fig. 2 is a fiber Bragg grating type wind field wind speed long-range detector sonde configuration synoptic diagram; Fig. 3: cam synoptic diagram; Fig. 4-A: rotate all optical fiber grating signal variation diagrams; Rotation one all signal graphs after Fig. 4-B conditioning; Fig. 5-A: restituted signal figure under the low wind speed; Fig. 5-B: restituted signal figure under the high wind speed; Fig. 6: the ultrasonic transducer in the wind field; Fig. 7: signal frequency and wind speed linear relationship chart; Fig. 8: wind field detection probe connection in series-parallel connected mode synoptic diagram; Fig. 9: wavelength-division multiplex exemplary plot.
Among the figure: the 1-vane; The 2-bearing; The 3-cam; The 4-shell fragment; The 5-holder; The 6-rotating shaft; The 7-fiber grating.
Embodiment:
As shown in Figure 1, the light that light source sends arrives the probe that is installed in the wind field scene through fiber coupler and one section optical cable, the light signal that probe will carry wind speed information returns, enter into fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator through optical cable, coupling mechanism, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator is converted to electric signal with light signal, computing machine carries out signal analysis can go out wind speed information by demodulation analysis, the wind speed information output signal waits other functions to provide support for controlling automatically, wind speed information also will deposit database in addition, computing machine and database carry out exchanges data, form functions such as historical query.
Fiber Bragg grating type wind farm wind velocity long-range detector probe schematic diagram as shown in Figure 2.Having under the situation of wind, vane 1 is blown rotation, and the big more rotating speed of wind speed is fast more; Vane 1 rotates and drives rotating shaft 6 rotations, and rotating shaft 6 usefulness two bearings 2 up and down are fixing; Cam 3 is installed in the rotating shaft 6, and cam 3 shapes as shown in Figure 3; Shell fragment 4 abuts against cam 3 one sides, be fixed on the holder 5, shell fragment 4 is close to cam 3 under the pretension effect makes it not unsettled, thereby after cam causes the shell fragment elastic deformation, can return to former deformation quantity, under damping action, decay and unlikely the vibration rapidly simultaneously, the moving circle of rotating shaft 6 revolutions, cam 3 projections cause the shell fragment 4 terminal sizes that produce to be the displacement of d all through a shell fragment 4; Be fixed with fiber grating 7 on the shell fragment 4, after making shell fragment 4 deformation through shell fragment 4, cam 3 causes the variation of fiber grating centre wavelength, be depicted as the change curve of a certain grating centre wavelength when a circle is rotated in rotating shaft as Fig. 4-A, through signal condition, Fig. 4-A can nurse one's health into square-wave signal shown in Fig. 4-B, calculate the number of times of square wave generation or the rotating speed that frequency just can calculate rotating shaft, thereby also can calculate wind speed, be illustrated in figure 7 as frequency and the wind speed graph of a relation measured in the experiment, visible wind speed becomes extraordinary linear relationship with the grating deformation frequency.
Carry out light path, circuit connection according to schematic diagram shown in Figure 1, light source adopts the wide bandwidth spectroscopic light source, specifically selects for use communication 1.5um SLD light source commonly used or ASE light source all can; The light that light source sends enters into optical cable through coupling mechanism, and cable length can be decided according to sensor probe and Control Room distance, generally is no more than 10Km; Optical cable transports light to probe, is illustrated in figure 2 as sonde configuration figure; Be provided with fiber grating in the probe, fiber grating is connected with optical cable, and fiber Bragg grating reflected signal is back to optical cable, coupling mechanism enters into the grating demodulation instrument; The grating demodulation instrument adopts sweep frequency model faster, the actual (FBG) demodulator that adopts MOI of native system, and the (FBG) demodulator that every sweep frequency is higher than 1KHz all is fit to, and (FBG) demodulator is converted to electric signal with light signal (grating centre wavelength) demodulation, as shown in Figure 4; The (FBG) demodulator electrical signal converted, become square-wave signal through signal condition, signal analysis part then goes out wind speed information according to the generation frequency computation part of square wave, is illustrated in figure 7 as frequency and the wind speed graph of a relation measured in the experiment, and visible wind speed becomes extraordinary linear relationship with the grating deformation frequency.
Be illustrated in figure 5 as a certain sensor signal figure that collects in the real work, A is the signal under the low velocity wind, and B is that the signal effect under the high speed winds is very obvious.Sensor not only can detect the wind speed of a bit, because what this system adopted is Wavelength demodulation, promptly realize the detection of wind speed by the center wavelength variation of detection fiber grating, therefore can use wavelength-division multiplex technique to realize that a plurality of sensors detect simultaneously, concrete connected mode can be as shown in Figure 8 connected mode, take series connection or in parallel.Though the shared optical cable of a plurality of sensors transmits, but owing to adopted the fiber grating of different wave length, make each sensor signal can not crosstalk mutually, concrete concrete instance during several probe wavelength-division multiplex for example shown in Figure 9, by on the figure as can be seen, the wave band difference that different sensors takies, in the signal that each sensor acquisition arrives, the capital comprises the square-wave signal of reflection wind speed speed, therefore can either realize multiplexedly, can accurately calculate the air speed value of each sensor again.According to fiber grating center wavelength variation shown in Figure 4 is 0.4nm, the fiber grating that can design different centre wavelengths comes respectively the grating as each sensor probe, each wavelength interval is not less than 0.4nm, then utilized bandwidth is the 40nm wideband light source the wind speed (FBG) demodulator can connect 100 sensors at most, realized that promptly a (FBG) demodulator detects the large-scale detection net of 100 sensors simultaneously, particularly in the detection of large-scale wind electricity field, saved wiring cost, and it is consistent synchronously to make that wind speed detects.
Claims (7)
1. fiber Bragg grating type wind farm wind velocity long-range detector, it comprises the rotating shaft that is set with vane, it is characterized in that described rotating shaft is provided with cam, be provided with holder in rotating shaft one side, described holder is provided with the shell fragment that the top contacts with the cam wheel rim, vertical fixed fiber grating on shell fragment; Described fiber grating is connected with fiber coupler by optical cable, and described fiber coupler is connected with fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator with optical fiber source respectively; Described fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator is connected with computing machine.
2. fiber Bragg grating type wind farm wind velocity long-range detector according to claim 1 is characterized in that described wide bandwidth spectroscopic light source is communication 1.5um SLD light source or an ASE light source.
3. fiber Bragg grating type wind farm wind velocity long-range detector according to claim 1 is characterized in that described fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator adopts the high speed optic fiber grating (FBG) demodulator of MOI.
4. fiber Bragg grating type wind farm wind velocity long-range detector dedicated probe, it comprises the rotating shaft that is set with vane, it is characterized in that described rotating shaft is provided with cam, be provided with holder in rotating shaft one side, described holder is provided with the shell fragment that the top contacts with the cam wheel rim, vertically fixedly installs fiber grating on shell fragment.
5. a fiber Bragg grating type wind farm wind velocity long-range detection system is characterized in that it comprises 2-100 the fiber Bragg grating type wind farm wind velocity long-range detector dedicated probe that is cascaded; Described probe comprises the rotating shaft that is set with vane, it is characterized in that described rotating shaft is provided with cam, be provided with holder in rotating shaft one side, described holder is provided with the shell fragment that the top contacts with the cam wheel rim, vertically fixedly installs fiber grating on shell fragment; The centre wavelength of the described fiber grating of respectively popping one's head in is 0.4nm at least at interval, and described optical fiber source is the wide bandwidth spectroscopic light source;
Described fiber grating is connected with fiber coupler by optical cable, and described fiber coupler is connected with fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator with optical fiber source respectively; Described fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator is connected with computing machine.
6. fiber Bragg grating type wind farm wind velocity long-range detection system according to claim 5 is characterized in that described wide bandwidth spectroscopic light source is communication 1.5um SLD light source or an ASE light source.
7. fiber Bragg grating type wind farm wind velocity long-range detection system according to claim 5 is characterized in that described fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator adopts the high speed optic fiber grating (FBG) demodulator of MOI.
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102175888A (en) * | 2010-12-27 | 2011-09-07 | 华北电力大学 | Fiber Bragg grating wind speed sensor and system for monitoring transmission line icing |
| CN103076463A (en) * | 2013-01-05 | 2013-05-01 | 昆明理工大学 | Wind cup type fiber Bragg grating wind speed and direction sensor |
| CN103472253A (en) * | 2013-08-16 | 2013-12-25 | 云南电力试验研究院（集团）有限公司电力研究院 | Wind speed sensor based on optical fiber Bragg raster |
| CN103675330A (en) * | 2013-12-13 | 2014-03-26 | 昆明理工大学 | Dynamic anemorumbometer of optical fiber Bragg optical gratings and use method of anemorumbometer |
| CN103698555A (en) * | 2013-12-24 | 2014-04-02 | 北京佳讯飞鸿电气股份有限公司 | Disaster-prevention optical-fiber wind speed and direction monitoring system for railway |
| CN104749395A (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2015-07-01 | 国网江西省电力公司信息通信分公司 | Wind speed measuring probe, wind speed measuring system and wind speed measuring method |
| CN105388318A (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2016-03-09 | 瓮福（集团）有限责任公司 | Rotary table rotating speed detection method |
| CN106706195A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-05-24 | 武汉理工光科股份有限公司 | Strain-type tension fence sensor based on grating wavelength demodulation principle |
| CN107067607A (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2017-08-18 | 武汉理工光科股份有限公司 | Perimeter security system and signal processing method based on fiber Bragg grating strain sensor |
| CN110893323A (en) * | 2018-09-12 | 2020-03-20 | 台山市旺春达环保科技有限公司 | Filter element assembly detection equipment |
| CN110940829A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-03-31 | 石家庄铁道大学 | Fiber bragg grating wind direction sensor and fiber bragg grating wind speed and wind direction sensor |
| CN110988388A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-04-10 | 石家庄铁道大学 | Fiber grating wind speed and direction sensor |
| CN114414838A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-04-29 | 山东微感光电子有限公司 | Wind speed measurement system and method based on VCSEL wavelength demodulation and pulse light source heating |
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Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102175888A (en) * | 2010-12-27 | 2011-09-07 | 华北电力大学 | Fiber Bragg grating wind speed sensor and system for monitoring transmission line icing |
| CN102175888B (en) * | 2010-12-27 | 2013-05-01 | 华北电力大学 | Fiber Bragg grating wind speed sensor and system for monitoring transmission line icing |
| CN103076463A (en) * | 2013-01-05 | 2013-05-01 | 昆明理工大学 | Wind cup type fiber Bragg grating wind speed and direction sensor |
| CN103472253A (en) * | 2013-08-16 | 2013-12-25 | 云南电力试验研究院（集团）有限公司电力研究院 | Wind speed sensor based on optical fiber Bragg raster |
| CN103675330A (en) * | 2013-12-13 | 2014-03-26 | 昆明理工大学 | Dynamic anemorumbometer of optical fiber Bragg optical gratings and use method of anemorumbometer |
| CN103698555A (en) * | 2013-12-24 | 2014-04-02 | 北京佳讯飞鸿电气股份有限公司 | Disaster-prevention optical-fiber wind speed and direction monitoring system for railway |
| CN104749395A (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2015-07-01 | 国网江西省电力公司信息通信分公司 | Wind speed measuring probe, wind speed measuring system and wind speed measuring method |
| CN104749395B (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2018-01-12 | 国网江西省电力公司信息通信分公司 | Measuring wind speed probe, system and method |
| CN105388318A (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2016-03-09 | 瓮福（集团）有限责任公司 | Rotary table rotating speed detection method |
| CN106706195A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-05-24 | 武汉理工光科股份有限公司 | Strain-type tension fence sensor based on grating wavelength demodulation principle |
| CN107067607A (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2017-08-18 | 武汉理工光科股份有限公司 | Perimeter security system and signal processing method based on fiber Bragg grating strain sensor |
| CN110893323A (en) * | 2018-09-12 | 2020-03-20 | 台山市旺春达环保科技有限公司 | Filter element assembly detection equipment |
| CN110940829A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-03-31 | 石家庄铁道大学 | Fiber bragg grating wind direction sensor and fiber bragg grating wind speed and wind direction sensor |
| CN110988388A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-04-10 | 石家庄铁道大学 | Fiber grating wind speed and direction sensor |
| CN114414838A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-04-29 | 山东微感光电子有限公司 | Wind speed measurement system and method based on VCSEL wavelength demodulation and pulse light source heating |
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