CN111607450A - 一种机器人rv减速器润滑脂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种机器人rv减速器润滑脂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111607450A
CN111607450A CN202010357482.1A CN202010357482A CN111607450A CN 111607450 A CN111607450 A CN 111607450A CN 202010357482 A CN202010357482 A CN 202010357482A CN 111607450 A CN111607450 A CN 111607450A
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朱国靖
杨操
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Jiangsu Lopal Tech Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种机器人RV减速器润滑脂及其制备方法,润滑脂按重量份包括如下原料组分制成:脂肪酸8~10份,氢氧化锂1~1.5份,抗氧剂1~2份,防锈剂1~2份,极压抗磨剂3~5份,固体添加剂3~5份及基础油77.2~79.1份,本发明还提供该润滑脂的制备方法。本发明的润滑脂能够有效提高机器人RV减速器的抗微动磨损、抗冲击负荷、减震降噪等性能,具有良好的高低温性能、抗氧性能和防锈性能,能够满足机器人RV减速器频繁启动并且经常往复运动特点的润滑要求;本发明方法操作简单,容易实现。

Description

一种机器人RV减速器润滑脂及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种润滑脂及其制备方法,尤其涉及一种机器人RV减速器润滑脂及其制备方法。
背景技术
减速器是工业机器人广泛采用的机械传动单元,与伺服电机装配在一起,能够将伺服电机输出转速准确降低到各关节部位所需的转速,从而获得足够的刚性和转矩,带动机械臂的运转。工业机器人关节部位常用RV减速器和谐波减速器,其中RV减速器主要装配在基座、腰部、大臂、小臂等位置。RV减速器具有强度刚度大、抗疲劳腐蚀性能好、传动效率高、精度高、减速器回差小等特点,在大型、高精度机器人获得广泛应用。
对于大型工业机器人大部分用于搬运和焊接等高强度作业,减速器是完成工作的关键,因此,就工业机器人RV减速器的工况特点对润滑脂提出了较高的性能要求,目前,用于工业机器人RV减速器的润滑脂存在挤压抗磨性差,不耐高温,在高温下易变软流失和氧化变质,在低温下不能起到润滑作用等缺点。
发明内容
发明目的:本发明的第一目的旨在提供一种具有优异的极压抗磨性能、极低的摩擦系数和良好的高低温性能、有效降低机器人RV减速器的微动磨损、减震降噪、降低温升、抗氧、防锈的机器人RV减速器润滑脂;本发明的第二目的旨在提供该润滑脂的制备方法。
技术方案:本发明的机器人RV减速器润滑脂,按重量份包括如下原料组分制成:脂肪酸8~10份,氢氧化锂1~1.5份,抗氧剂1~2份,防锈剂1~2份,极压抗磨剂3~5份,固体添加剂3~5份和基础油77.2~79.1份。
进一步地,极压抗磨剂为二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸钼、二烷基二硫代磷酸钼、噻二唑衍生物、磷酸酯和硫化异丁烯的混合物,其中,二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸钼、二烷基二硫代磷酸钼、噻二唑衍生物、磷酸酯和硫化异丁烯的质量比为1~1.5:0.5~1:0.3~0.5:0.5~1:0.5~1.5。极压抗磨剂能与金属表面起化学反应生成化学反应膜,起润滑作用,防止金属表面擦伤。
进一步地,固体添加剂为聚四氟乙烯和磷酸锆的混合物,其中,聚四氟乙烯和磷酸锆的质量比为1.5~2:1~3。聚四氟乙烯能够填补摩擦表面降低疲劳磨损,磷酸锆形成滚动润滑保护层,降低摩擦,从而有效提高润滑脂的抗微动磨损、降低摩擦系数。
进一步地,基础油为加氢矿物油和合成油的混合物,其中,加氢矿物油和合成油的质量比为5~20:59.1~72.9。优选的,加氢矿物油倾点不高于-25℃。
优选的,聚四氟乙烯、磷酸锆的混合物的粒径在1~2μm。
本发明的机器人RV减速器润滑脂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)按质量百分比将50%~70%基础油、脂肪酸搅拌加热至75~85℃,待脂肪酸溶解,制得混合物;
(2)在混合物中加入氢氧化锂水溶液,皂化,皂化温度为95~105℃,皂化时间为2~2.5h;
(3)升温至140~150℃,搅拌,然后升温至205~210℃,保温;
(4)加入剩余的基础油,冷却至165~175℃,过滤,降温至110~120℃,加入抗氧剂、防锈剂、极压抗磨剂和固体添加剂,搅拌,脱气后制得机器人RV减速器润滑脂。
优选的,步骤(1)中基础油、脂肪酸在皂化釜中搅拌加热。
优选的,步骤(3)中搅拌时间为20~30min。
优选的,步骤(3)中保温时间为5~10min。
优选的,步骤(4)中冷却为急冷。
有益效果:与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下显著优点:考虑到工业机器人摩擦面之间的间隙很小,在运转过程中处于边界润滑状态,本发明的润滑脂首先具有足够的油膜厚度和良好的极压性能,能够适应工业机器人应用于高负荷的工况;同时具有优异的抗磨损性能及低摩擦系数,改善工业机器人减速器运转时常频繁启停且小范围内往复运动,产生微动磨损的情况;本发明的润滑脂还具有良好的高温稳定性和氧化安定性,以避免在高温下变软流失和氧化变质工业机器人结构紧凑,长时间连续工作下,易造成减速器部位温度较高的问题;最后,本发明的润滑脂具有良好的低温性能,能较好地保证工业机器人在冬季能正常启动和运转;此外,本发明的润滑脂制备方法操作简单,容易实现。
具体实施方式
本实施例和对比例中所用原料均可通过市售得到。
下面结合实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步说明。
实施例1
本实施例按以下方法制备机器人RV减速器润滑脂:
步骤一、将50%的基础油、脂肪酸全部投入皂化釜,搅拌加热至75℃,待脂肪酸全部溶解;
步骤二、加入氢氧化锂水溶液,并控制皂化温度在95℃,皂化时间控制2h;皂化完成后,继续升温至140℃,搅拌20min,然后升温至205℃进行高温炼制,保温5min;
步骤三、加入剩余的基础油,急冷至165℃,转釜,循环过滤,降温至110℃,均化后加入抗氧剂、防锈剂、极压抗磨剂和固体添加剂,搅拌均匀,脱气后得成品,各原料组分添加比例见表1。
实施例2
本实施例按以下方法制备机器人RV减速器润滑脂:
步骤一、将50%的基础油、脂肪酸全部投入皂化釜,搅拌加热至85℃,待脂肪酸全部溶解;
步骤二、加入氢氧化锂水溶液,并控制皂化温度在105℃,皂化时间控制2.5h;皂化完成后,继续升温至150℃,搅拌30min,然后升温至210℃进行高温炼制,保温10min;
步骤三、加入剩余的基础油,急冷至175℃,转釜,循环过滤,降温至120℃,均化后加入抗氧剂、防锈剂、极压抗磨剂和固体添加剂,搅拌均匀,脱气后得成品,各原料组分添加比例见表1。
实施例3
本实施例按以下方法制备机器人RV减速器润滑脂:
步骤一、将60%的基础油、脂肪酸全部投入皂化釜,搅拌加热至80℃,待脂肪酸全部溶解;
步骤二、加入氢氧化锂水溶液,并控制皂化温度在100℃,皂化时间控制2.2h;皂化完成后,继续升温至145℃,搅拌25min,然后升温至208℃进行高温炼制,保温8min;
步骤三、加入剩余的基础油,急冷至170℃,转釜,循环过滤,降温至115℃,均化后加入抗氧剂、防锈剂、极压抗磨剂和固体添加剂,搅拌均匀,脱气后得成品,各原料组分添加比例见表1。
实施例4
本实施例按以下方法制备机器人RV减速器润滑脂:
步骤一、将70%的基础油、脂肪酸全部投入皂化釜,搅拌加热至75℃,待脂肪酸全部溶解;
步骤二、加入氢氧化锂水溶液,并控制皂化温度在95℃,皂化时间控制2h;皂化完成后,继续升温至140℃,搅拌20min,然后升温至205℃进行高温炼制,保温5min;
步骤三、加入剩余的基础油,急冷至165℃,转釜,循环过滤,降温至110℃,均化后加入抗氧剂、防锈剂、极压抗磨剂和固体添加剂,搅拌均匀,脱气后得成品,各原料组分添加比例见表1。
对比例1
本对比例的皂化温度低于本发明范围,按以下方法制备机器人RV减速器润滑脂:
步骤一、将50%的基础油、脂肪酸全部投入皂化釜,搅拌加热至75℃,待脂肪酸全部溶解;
步骤二、加入氢氧化锂水溶液,并控制皂化温度在85℃,皂化时间控制2h;皂化完成后,继续升温至140℃,搅拌20min,然后升温至205℃进行高温炼制,保温5min;
步骤三、加入剩余的基础油,急冷至165℃,转釜,循环过滤,降温至110℃,均化后加入抗氧剂、防锈剂、极压抗磨剂和固体添加剂,搅拌均匀,脱气后得成品,各原料组分添加比例见表1。
对比例2
本对比例的皂化温度高于本发明范围,按以下方法制备机器人RV减速器润滑脂:
步骤一、将50%的基础油、脂肪酸全部投入皂化釜,搅拌加热至75℃,待脂肪酸全部溶解;
步骤二、加入氢氧化锂水溶液,并控制皂化温度在115℃,皂化时间控制2h;皂化完成后,继续升温至140℃,搅拌20min,然后升温至205℃进行高温炼制,保温5min;
步骤三、加入剩余的基础油,急冷至165℃,转釜,循环过滤,降温至110℃,均化后加入抗氧剂、防锈剂、极压抗磨剂和固体添加剂,搅拌均匀,脱气后得成品,各原料组分添加比例见表1。
对比例3
本对比例的皂化时间低于本发明范围,按以下方法制备机器人RV减速器润滑脂:
步骤一、将50%的基础油、脂肪酸全部投入皂化釜,搅拌加热至75℃,待脂肪酸全部溶解;
步骤二、加入氢氧化锂水溶液,并控制皂化温度在95℃,皂化时间控制1h;皂化完成后,继续升温至140℃,搅拌20min,然后升温至205℃进行高温炼制,保温5min;
步骤三、加入剩余的基础油,急冷至165℃,转釜,循环过滤,降温至110℃,均化后加入抗氧剂、防锈剂、极压抗磨剂和固体添加剂,搅拌均匀,脱气后得成品,各原料组分添加比例见表1。
对比例4
本对比例的皂化时间高于本发明范围,按以下方法制备机器人RV减速器润滑脂:
步骤一、将50%的基础油、脂肪酸全部投入皂化釜,搅拌加热至75℃,待脂肪酸全部溶解;
步骤二、加入氢氧化锂水溶液,并控制皂化温度在95℃,皂化时间控制3.5h;皂化完成后,继续升温至140℃,搅拌20min,然后升温至205℃进行高温炼制,保温5min;
步骤三、加入剩余的基础油,急冷至165℃,转釜,循环过滤,降温至110℃,均化后加入抗氧剂、防锈剂、极压抗磨剂和固体添加剂,搅拌均匀,脱气后得成品,各原料组分添加比例见表1。
对比例5
本对比例的脂肪酸使用单一12-羟基硬脂酸盐,按以下方法制备机器人RV减速器润滑脂:
步骤一、将50%的基础油、脂肪酸全部投入皂化釜,搅拌加热至75℃,待脂肪酸全部溶解;
步骤二、加入氢氧化锂水溶液,并控制皂化温度在95℃,皂化时间控制2h;皂化完成后,继续升温至140℃,搅拌20min,然后升温至205℃进行高温炼制,保温5min;
步骤三、加入剩余的基础油,急冷至165℃,转釜,循环过滤,降温至110℃,均化后加入抗氧剂、防锈剂、极压抗磨剂和固体添加剂,搅拌均匀,脱气后得成品,各原料组分添加比例见表1。
对比例6
本对比例的抗氧剂使用单一烷基化二苯胺,按以下方法制备机器人RV减速器润滑脂:
步骤一、将50%的基础油、脂肪酸全部投入皂化釜,搅拌加热至75℃,待脂肪酸全部溶解;
步骤二、加入氢氧化锂水溶液,并控制皂化温度在95℃,皂化时间控制2h;皂化完成后,继续升温至140℃,搅拌20min,然后升温至205℃进行高温炼制,保温5min;
步骤三、加入剩余的基础油,急冷至165℃,转釜,循环过滤,降温至110℃,均化后加入抗氧剂、防锈剂、极压抗磨剂和固体添加剂,搅拌均匀,脱气后得成品,各原料组分添加比例见表1。
对比例7
本对比例的防锈剂使用单一二壬基萘磺酸钡,按以下方法制备机器人RV减速器润滑脂:
步骤一、将50%的基础油、脂肪酸全部投入皂化釜,搅拌加热至75℃,待脂肪酸全部溶解;
步骤二、加入氢氧化锂水溶液,并控制皂化温度在95℃,皂化时间控制2h;皂化完成后,继续升温至140℃,搅拌20min,然后升温至205℃进行高温炼制,保温5min;
步骤三、加入剩余的基础油,急冷至165℃,转釜,循环过滤,降温至110℃,均化后加入抗氧剂、防锈剂、极压抗磨剂和固体添加剂,搅拌均匀,脱气后得成品,各原料组分添加比例见表1。
对比例8
本对比例的极压抗磨剂使用单一二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸,按以下方法制备机器人RV减速器润滑脂:
步骤一、将50%的基础油、脂肪酸全部投入皂化釜,搅拌加热至75℃,待脂肪酸全部溶解;
步骤二、加入氢氧化锂水溶液,并控制皂化温度在95℃,皂化时间控制2h;皂化完成后,继续升温至140℃,搅拌20min,然后升温至205℃进行高温炼制,保温5min;
步骤三、加入剩余的基础油,急冷至165℃,转釜,循环过滤,降温至110℃,均化后加入抗氧剂、防锈剂、极压抗磨剂和固体添加剂,搅拌均匀,脱气后得成品,各原料组分添加比例见表1。
各实施例与对比例的组分比例如表1(表中为重量份)所示,性能检测结果如表2所示:
表1各实施例与对比例原料
Figure BDA0002473977680000061
Figure BDA0002473977680000071
表2各实施例对比例的理化性能检验数据
Figure BDA0002473977680000072
Figure BDA0002473977680000081
通过对比例1与实施例1-4的比较,不同之处在于对比例1皂化温度低于本发明范围,皂化反应不完全,出现分层,制得的润滑脂组分不均匀,影响润滑脂的极压抗磨、防锈和抗氧性能;通过对比例2与实施例1-4的比较,不同之处在于对比例2皂化温度高于本发明范围,皂化反应逆向进行,产生分层和油脂析出,影响润滑脂性能。
通过对比例3与实施例1-4的比较,不同之处在于对比例3皂化时间低于本发明的范围,皂化反应不完全,润滑脂分层,影响润滑脂的性能;通过对比例4与实施例1-4的比较,不同之处在于对比例4皂化时间高于本发明的范围,水分蒸发过多,导致润滑脂的硬度较硬。
通过对比例5与实施例1-4的比较,不同之处在于对比例5脂肪酸使用单一12-羟基硬脂酸盐,制得的润滑脂不能很好适应RV减速器不同的操作条件,极压性能较差。
通过对比例6与实施例1-4的比较,不同之处在于对比例6抗氧剂使用单一烷基化二苯胺,抗氧效果较差,降低润滑脂的寿命。
通过对比例7与实施例1-4的比较,不同之处在于对比例7防锈剂使用单一二壬基萘磺酸钡,防锈效果较差,影响润滑脂的防锈有效期。
通过对比例8与实施例1-4的比较,不同之处在于对比例8极压抗磨剂使用单一二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸,使润滑脂的极压抗磨性能较差,易造成机器人RV减速器的故障。

Claims (10)

1.一种机器人RV减速器润滑脂,其特征在于:按重量份包括如下原料组分制成:脂肪酸8~10份,氢氧化锂1~1.5份,抗氧剂1~2份,防锈剂1~2份,极压抗磨剂3~5份,固体添加剂3~5份和基础油77.2~79.1份。
2.根据权利要求书1所述机器人RV减速器润滑脂,其特征在于:所述脂肪酸为12-羟基硬脂酸盐、硬脂酸盐和油酸盐的混合物,其中,所述12-羟基硬脂酸盐、硬脂酸盐和油酸盐的质量比为4~6:3:1。
3.根据权利要求书1所述机器人RV减速器润滑脂,其特征在于:所述抗氧剂为胺类抗氧剂与酚类抗氧剂的混合物,其中,所述胺类抗氧剂为二苯胺、萘胺或烷基化二苯胺的中一种或几种,所述酚类抗氧剂为2,6-二叔丁基对甲苯酚,所述二苯胺、萘胺、烷基化二苯胺和2,6-二叔丁基对甲苯酚的质量比为0~1:0~0.5:0~1:0.5~1。
4.根据权利要求书1所述机器人RV减速器润滑脂,其特征在于:所述防锈剂为二壬基萘磺酸钡、苯并三氮唑和环烷酸锌的混合物,其中,所述二壬基萘磺酸钡、苯并三氮唑和环烷酸锌的质量比为0.5~1:0.3~0.5:0.2~0.5。
5.根据权利要求书1所述机器人RV减速器润滑脂,其特征在于:所述极压抗磨剂为二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸钼、二烷基二硫代磷酸钼、噻二唑衍生物、磷酸酯和硫化异丁烯的混合物,其中,所述二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸钼、二烷基二硫代磷酸钼、噻二唑衍生物、磷酸酯和硫化异丁烯的质量比为1~1.5:0.5~1:0.3~0.5:0.5~1:0.5~1.5。
6.根据权利要求书1所述机器人RV减速器润滑脂,其特征在于:所述固体添加剂为聚四氟乙烯和磷酸锆的混合物,其中,所述聚四氟乙烯和磷酸锆的质量比为1.5~2:1~3。
7.根据权利要求书1所述机器人RV减速器润滑脂,其特征在于:所述基础油为加氢矿物油和合成油的混合物,其中,所述加氢矿物油和合成油的质量比为5~20:59.1~72.9。
8.根据权利要求书7所述机器人RV减速器润滑脂,其特征在于:所述加氢矿物油为环烷油。
9.根据权利要求书7所述机器人RV减速器润滑脂,其特征在于:所述合成油为聚α烯烃油和酯类油的混合物,其中,所述聚α烯烃油和酯类油的质量比为50~65:7.2~9.1。
10.一种权利要求书1所述机器人RV减速器润滑脂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)按质量百分比将50%~70%的基础油、脂肪酸搅拌加热至75~85℃,待所述脂肪酸溶解,制得混合物;
(2)在所述混合物中加入氢氧化锂水溶液,皂化,皂化温度为95~105℃,皂化时间为2~2.5h;
(3)升温至140~150℃,搅拌,然后升温至205~210℃,保温;
(4)加入剩余的基础油,冷却至165~175℃,过滤,降温至110~120℃,加入抗氧剂、防锈剂、极压抗磨剂和固体添加剂,搅拌,脱气后制得机器人RV减速器润滑脂。
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CN107699317A (zh) * 2017-08-24 2018-02-16 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种机器人谐波减速器润滑脂组合物及制备方法
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CN111909765A (zh) * 2020-09-03 2020-11-10 无锡市润尔石化有限公司 一种新型防锈润滑脂及制备方法
CN111996063A (zh) * 2020-09-23 2020-11-27 上海中孚特种油品有限公司 一种工业机器人用润滑脂及其制备方法
CN115074169A (zh) * 2021-03-16 2022-09-20 克鲁勃润滑产品(上海)有限公司 润滑脂及包括其的减速器、机器人
CN115074169B (zh) * 2021-03-16 2023-11-17 克鲁勃润滑产品(上海)有限公司 润滑脂及包括其的减速器、机器人
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