CN111603605B - 一种无机快速止血材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种无机快速止血材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111603605B CN111603605B CN202010574343.4A CN202010574343A CN111603605B CN 111603605 B CN111603605 B CN 111603605B CN 202010574343 A CN202010574343 A CN 202010574343A CN 111603605 B CN111603605 B CN 111603605B
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- deionized water
- suspension
- sepiolite
- hemostatic material
- silver
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种无机快速止血材料及其制备方法,所述的无机快速止血材料为海泡石纤维。本发明有如下益效果是:1、具有伤口快速止血,促进伤口愈合,吸收体液并维持伤口湿度的特点;2、吸液能力非常强,最高吸水能力可以达到本身质量的100%~120%;3、止血效果好,使得血小板局部浓度升高,促进纤维蛋白网络化,从而达到快速止血的目的;4、能调节创伤面湿度,该种止血材料保水能力强,吸收伤口分泌液和水分后缓慢释放,保持创伤面湿度,有利于细胞增殖和上皮化,从而促进伤口愈合,在海泡石纤维上附着银纳米颗粒具有杀菌、抗感染效果;5、孔隙率高,可以使得氧气通过,隔离细菌,有助于组织生长;6、不含有机溶剂和粘结剂,以及其他有毒有害物质,使用后不会污染环境;7、加工性能好,亲水性使得该种止血材料容易与壳聚糖、海藻酸盐等混合作为伤口辅料使用。
Description
技术领域:
本发明涉及一种无机快速止血材料及其制备方法。
背景技术:
快速出血在自然灾害、战争冲突、外科手术和偶发事故中经常遇到,如果不能及时控制出血,容易危及伤者生命。目前报道的有沸石、氧化纤维素、壳聚糖、褐藻酸盐、胶原蛋白和淀粉多糖等用于快速止血。这些材料各具优缺点,比如沸石容易导致组织坏死,明胶和纤维素引起局部黏连。目前市场上的成熟产品有生物兼容性好、可降解的纤维素敷料,但是其止血效果弱,并且不能抑制敷料内部的细菌增生。美国Medafor公司将可吸收止血微球利用在止血,其开发的阿里斯泰止血粉是世界上首款植物源止血材料,但是这种产品价格昂贵,依赖进口。中国专利CN102274541A公布了一种止血材料,包括以下原料:作为支撑基质的纺织物或无纺织物、作为粘合剂的淀粉、作为柔软剂的甘油,以及无机颗粒,所述无机颗粒为硅藻颗粒、玻璃粉、微硅粉、高岭土颗粒、硅酸盐颗粒、蒙脱石颗粒或沸石颗粒。中国专利201610644176公布了一种可降解的几丁质纤维止血材料,再经官能团修饰提高了纤维的抗菌、吸液性能。美国专利US20160213808A1公开了无机黏土可以作为止血材料,这些材料甚至对具有凝血功能障碍的人群有效。说明黏土在止血领域具有重要的应用价值。然而上述止血材料存在以下问题:止血材料的粘附量有限,粘附在基材上的颗粒易脱落,这些会导致其止血能力的降低和后续处理的困难。
快速止血需要材料尽快吸收血液中的水分,进而引起血小板聚集凝固血液。而后期的伤口愈合则需要伤口保持一定的湿度。而利用伤口渗出液促进细胞分化则是较好的途径。能快速止血并能促进伤口愈合的材料需要具备以下特征:1.在出血初期能迅速吸收水分;2.在伤口血液凝固后调节环境湿度,促进细胞生长和上皮化;3.材料无毒性;4.不会引起伤口黏连;5.价格低廉。尽管市场上存在一些成熟的止血材料,但是其综合性能仍需提高。因此开发价格低廉、能快速止血、促进组织愈合、生物相容性佳的快速止血材料显得极为迫切。海泡石是一种用途广泛的黏土,具有很高的比表面积和通道结构,吸水性强,无毒性,对环境友好,耐高温,因此在化工、环境和能源领域都有广泛的应用。海泡石的物理性质正好符合快速止血材料的特征,首先它的孔道结构很小,能有效吸附水分子而血小板和其它组分无法进入;其次,海泡石的保水能力较强,能调节创伤部位的湿度,有利于后期的伤口愈合;而且,海泡石无毒性、耐高温的特点使得材料的保质期更长,容易再生。这种纯无机的止血材料不污染环境。但是海泡石本身没有预防伤口感染的能力,需要与抗菌药物组合。而银纳米颗粒作为一种无机广谱抗菌材料,可以显著提高海泡石止血材料的抗菌效果。海泡石/银复合材料的制备一般采用还原剂还原的方法,涉及到材料的分离和纯化。
本发明通过一种环境友好的方法,在不使用还原剂的情况下,通过紫外辐射在海泡石表面负载银纳米颗粒,通过纳米银的杀菌作用,在快速止血的基础上还能促进伤口愈合。这种海泡石复合材料的制备方法和用途均未见报道。
发明内容:
针对现有技术的不足,本发明的目的之一是提供一种无机快速止血材料及其制备方法。
为了达到上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种无机快速止血材料,所述的无机快速止血材料为海泡石纤维。
海泡石纤维的直径为5nm~100nm;
所述的无机快速止血材料中海泡石纤维为80%~99%,银的含量为1%~20%。
银为纳米颗粒,直径为1nm~50nm。
一种无机快速止血材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(a)取海泡石原材料与去离子水混合并研磨,研磨完之后再加入去离子水搅拌形成悬浊液A,对悬浊液A进行离心处理,刮取上层沉淀物分散于去离子水中,形成悬浊液B;
(b)在悬浊液B中加入酸溶液酸化至PH=2~4,静置沉降,取沉降物继续分散在去离子水中,重复酸化,取沉淀物分散于去离子水中,形成悬浊液C,在悬浊液C中加入碱溶液至PH=8~10,静置沉降,取沉降物继续分散在去离子水中,重复碱处理,取沉淀物分散于饱和氯化钠溶液中,其中沉淀物与饱和氯化钠溶液的质量比为1:100~1:1000,静置,离心洗涤,干燥,获得海泡石纤维。
将海泡石纤维超声分散在银盐溶液中,在快速搅拌的情况下用紫外灯辐照0.2~1h,取出暗灰色粉末洗涤干燥,在气体保护的环境中以5℃/min的升温速率升到400~600℃退火3~5个小时,银以纳米颗粒的形态附着在海泡石纤维上。
所述研磨过程中海泡石和去离子水的质量比为20:1~5:1。
所述纯海泡石粉末与银盐的质量比为5:2~63:1。
所述银盐为硝酸银,氟化银和高氯酸银中的一种或几种。
所述用于保护的气体为氩气或氮气中的一种或两种。
本发明与其他技术相比,有益效果是:1、本发明所述无机快速止血材料具有伤口快速止血,促进伤口愈合,吸收体液并维持伤口湿度的特点,可以承受1200度的高温处理而性能不发生显著变化,意味着该种止血材料不受常规止血材料保质期的限制,只要经过热处理即可进行杀菌处理;2、本发明所述无机快速止血材料吸液能力非常强,最高吸水能力可以达到本身质量的100%~120%;3、本发明所述无机快速止血材料止血效果好,通过无机纤维的强吸水能力使得血小板局部浓度升高,促进纤维蛋白网络化,从而达到快速止血的目的;4、本发明所述无机快速止血材料能调节创伤面湿度,该种止血材料保水能力强,吸收伤口分泌液和水分后缓慢释放,保持创伤面湿度,有利于细胞增殖和上皮化,从而促进伤口愈合,在海泡石纤维上附着银纳米颗粒具有杀菌、抗感染效果;5、本发明所述无机快速止血材料孔隙率高,可以使得氧气通过,隔离细菌,有助于组织生长;6、本发明所述无机快速止血材料环境友好,该种止血材料不含有机溶剂和粘结剂,以及其他有毒有害物质,使用后不会污染环境;7、本发明所述无机快速止血材料加工性能好,亲水性使得该种止血材料容易与壳聚糖、海藻酸盐等混合作为伤口辅料使用。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述止血材料的SEM图。
图2为本发明所述止血材料的TEM图。
图3为本发明所述止血材料的XRD图。
图4为本发明所述止血材料的XPS图。
图5为本发明所述止血材料用于小鼠伤口愈合止血图。
图6为本发明所述止血材料剥离后的小鼠伤口愈合图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明要解决的技术问题、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合具体实施例进行详细描述,但不应该解释为仅限制于此。
实施方式1:
本发明的第一实施方式目的是提供一种无机快速止血材料,制备步骤如下:
(a)取20g海泡石原材料与2ml去离子水混合并研磨,研磨完之后再加入300ml去离子水搅拌形成悬浊液A,对悬浊液A进行离心处理,刮取上层沉淀物分散于去离子水中,形成悬浊液B;
(b)向悬浊液B中加盐酸溶液酸化至PH=3,静置沉降,取沉降物继续分散在去离子水中,重复酸化3次。取沉淀物分散于去离子水中,形成悬浊液C,再向悬浊液C中加入氢氧化钠溶液至PH=9,静置沉降,取沉降物继续分散在去离子水中,重复碱处理3次。取沉淀物分散于200ml饱和氯化钠溶液中,静置隔夜,离心洗涤3次,60℃干燥,获得无机快速止血材料海泡石纤维;
(c)将0.5g海泡石纤维超声分散在300ml的硝酸银溶液(6.2mmol/L)中,在快速搅拌的情况下用300W紫外灯辐照0.5h。取出暗灰色粉末洗涤干燥,在氩气保护的环境中以5℃/min的升温速率升到500℃退火3个小时,银以纳米颗粒的形态附着在海泡石纤维上。
其结构组成为海泡石纤维和银纳米颗粒,两者质量比为:5:2。其微观结构如附图1所示,止血材料由海泡石纤维组成,纤维的平均直径为30nm左右。这种海泡石纤维具有很强的吸水能力,能迅速提取血液中的水分;较小的孔隙尺寸能组织血小板穿透,从而增大出血位置血小板浓度。
止血试验:
先找到小鼠内侧尾静脉,然后消毒,充分暴露,标记1cm的长度,用高压好的手术刀切口,随后加入材料,开始计时,每隔15s,用滤纸片吸走覆盖在材料上的血液,直达血流停止,整个时间为材料对止血的作用时间。在没有施加任何止血压力的情况下,第一实施方式中所述材料的止血时间为110秒。
实施方式2:
本发明的第二实施方式目的是提供一种无机快速止血材料,制备步骤如下:
(a)取20g海泡石原材料与2ml去离子水混合并研磨,研磨完之后再加入300ml去离子水搅拌形成悬浊液A,对悬浊液A进行离心处理,刮取上层沉淀物分散于去离子水中,形成悬浊液B;
(b)向悬浊液B中加盐酸溶液酸化至PH=3,静置沉降,取沉降物继续分散在去离子水中,重复酸化3次。取沉淀物分散于去离子水中,形成悬浊液C,再向悬浊液C中加入氢氧化钠溶液至PH=9,静置沉降,取沉降物继续分散在去离子水中,重复碱处理3次。取沉淀物分散于200ml饱和氯化钠溶液中,静置隔夜,离心洗涤3次,60℃干燥,获得无机快速止血材料海泡石纤维;
(c)将1g海泡石纤维超声分散在600ml的硝酸银溶液(3.1mmol/L)中,在快速搅拌的情况下用300W紫外灯辐照0.5h。取出暗灰色粉末洗涤干燥,在氩气保护的环境中以5℃/min的升温速率升到500℃退火3个小时,银以纳米颗粒的形态附着在海泡石纤维上。
其结构组成为海泡石纤维和银纳米颗粒,两者质量比为:5:1。其微观结构如附图2所示,止血材料由海泡石纤维组成,银纳米颗粒均匀粘附在海泡石纤维上。纤维起到吸收水分的作用,银纳米颗粒用于抗菌的作用。
止血试验:
先找到小鼠内侧尾静脉,然后消毒,充分暴露,标记1cm的长度,用高压好的手术刀切口,随后加入材料,开始计时,每隔15s,用滤纸片吸走覆盖在材料上的血液,直达血流停止,整个时间为材料对止血的作用时间。在没有施加任何止血压力的情况下,第一实施方式中所述材料的止血时间为89秒。
实施方式3:
本发明的第二实施方式目的是提供一种无机快速止血材料,制备步骤如下:
(a)取20g海泡石原材料与2ml去离子水混合并研磨,研磨完之后再加入300ml去离子水搅拌形成悬浊液A,对悬浊液A进行离心处理,刮取上层沉淀物分散于去离子水中,形成悬浊液B;
(b)向悬浊液B中加盐酸溶液酸化至PH=3,静置沉降,取沉降物继续分散在去离子水中,重复酸化3次。取沉淀物分散于去离子水中,形成悬浊液C,再向悬浊液C中加入氢氧化钠溶液至PH=9,静置沉降,取沉降物继续分散在去离子水中,重复碱处理3次。取沉淀物分散于200ml饱和氯化钠溶液中,静置隔夜,离心洗涤3次,60℃干燥,获得无机快速止血材料海泡石纤维;
(c)将2g海泡石纤维超声分散在1200ml的硝酸银溶液(1.55mmol/L)中,在快速搅拌的情况下用300W紫外灯辐照0.5h。取出暗灰色粉末洗涤干燥,在氩气保护的环境中以5℃/min的升温速率升到500℃退火3个小时,银以纳米颗粒的形态附着在海泡石纤维上。
其结构组成为海泡石纤维和银纳米颗粒,两者质量比为:10:1。其XRD图如附图3所示,止血材料主要成分为海泡石和银。XPS分析如附图4所示,材料中主要元素为Si,Mg,O,Ag。说明材料纯度很高,没有其他杂质。
止血试验:
先找到小鼠内侧尾静脉,然后消毒,充分暴露,标记1cm的长度,用高压好的手术刀切口,随后加入材料,开始计时,每隔15s,用滤纸片吸走覆盖在材料上的血液,直达血流停止,整个时间为材料对止血的作用时间。在没有施加任何止血压力的情况下,第一实施方式中所述材料的止血时间为96秒。
实施方式4:
本发明的第二实施方式目的是提供一种无机快速止血材料,制备步骤如下:
(a)取20g海泡石原材料与2ml去离子水混合并研磨,研磨完之后再加入300ml去离子水搅拌形成悬浊液A,对悬浊液A进行离心处理,刮取上层沉淀物分散于去离子水中,形成悬浊液B;
(b)向悬浊液B中加盐酸溶液酸化至PH=3,静置沉降,取沉降物继续分散在去离子水中,重复酸化3次。取沉淀物分散于去离子水中,形成悬浊液C,再向悬浊液C中加入氢氧化钠溶液至PH=9,静置沉降,取沉降物继续分散在去离子水中,重复碱处理3次。取沉淀物分散于200ml饱和氯化钠溶液中,静置隔夜,离心洗涤3次,60℃干燥,获得无机快速止血材料海泡石纤维;
(c)将2g海泡石纤维超声分散在1200ml的硝酸银溶液(0.775mmol/L)中,在快速搅拌的情况下用300W紫外灯辐照0.5h。取出暗灰色粉末洗涤干燥,在氩气保护的环境中以5℃/min的升温速率升到500℃退火3个小时,银以纳米颗粒的形态附着在海泡石纤维上。
其结构组成为海泡石纤维和银纳米颗粒,两者质量比为:20:1。
评价试验:
5周龄C56小鼠,皮肤切口为小鼠背侧靠尾部1cm2圆形皮肤,涂抹材料后观察13天,隔一天换药一次,麻醉为异氟烷蒸汽麻醉。附图5为止血材料剥离后的小鼠伤口愈合图。整体上伤口愈合,周围毛发整齐,瘢痕样改变少。
实施方式5:
本发明的第一实施方式目的是提供一种无机快速止血材料,制备步骤如下:
(a)取20g海泡石原材料与2ml去离子水混合并研磨,研磨完之后再加入300ml去离子水搅拌形成悬浊液A,对悬浊液A进行离心处理,刮取上层沉淀物分散于去离子水中,形成悬浊液B;
(b)向悬浊液B中加盐酸溶液酸化至PH=3,静置沉降,取沉降物继续分散在去离子水中,重复酸化3次。取沉淀物分散于去离子水中,形成悬浊液C,再向悬浊液C中加入氢氧化钠溶液至PH=9,静置沉降,取沉降物继续分散在去离子水中,重复碱处理3次。取沉淀物分散于200ml饱和氯化钠溶液中,静置隔夜,离心洗涤3次,60℃干燥,获得无机快速止血材料海泡石纤维;
(c)将0.5g海泡石纤维超声分散在300ml的氟化银溶液(6.2mmol/L)中,在快速搅拌的情况下用300W紫外灯辐照0.5h。取出暗灰色粉末洗涤干燥,在氩气保护的环境中以5℃/min的升温速率升到500℃退火3个小时,银以纳米颗粒的形态附着在海泡石纤维上。
其结构组成为海泡石纤维和银纳米颗粒,两者质量比为:5:2。其微观结构如附图1所示,止血材料由海泡石纤维组成,纤维的平均直径为30nm左右。这种海泡石纤维具有很强的吸水能力,能迅速提取血液中的水分;较小的孔隙尺寸能组织血小板穿透,从而增大出血位置血小板浓度。
止血试验:
先找到小鼠内侧尾静脉,然后消毒,充分暴露,标记1cm的长度,用高压好的手术刀切口,随后加入材料,开始计时,每隔15s,用滤纸片吸走覆盖在材料上的血液,直达血流停止,整个时间为材料对止血的作用时间。在没有施加任何止血压力的情况下,第一实施方式中所述材料的止血时间为110秒。
实施方式5:
本发明的第一实施方式目的是提供一种无机快速止血材料,制备步骤如下:
(a)取20g海泡石原材料与2ml去离子水混合并研磨,研磨完之后再加入300ml去离子水搅拌形成悬浊液A,对悬浊液A进行离心处理,刮取上层沉淀物分散于去离子水中,形成悬浊液B;
(b)向悬浊液B中加盐酸溶液酸化至PH=3,静置沉降,取沉降物继续分散在去离子水中,重复酸化3次。取沉淀物分散于去离子水中,形成悬浊液C,再向悬浊液C中加入氢氧化钠溶液至PH=9,静置沉降,取沉降物继续分散在去离子水中,重复碱处理3次。取沉淀物分散于200ml饱和氯化钠溶液中,静置隔夜,离心洗涤3次,60℃干燥,获得无机快速止血材料海泡石纤维;
(c)将0.5g海泡石纤维超声分散在300ml的高氯酸银溶液(6.2mmol/L)中,在快速搅拌的情况下用300W紫外灯辐照0.5h。取出暗灰色粉末洗涤干燥,在氩气保护的环境中以5℃/min的升温速率升到500℃退火3个小时,银以纳米颗粒的形态附着在海泡石纤维上。
其结构组成为海泡石纤维和银纳米颗粒,两者质量比为:5:2。其微观结构如附图1所示,止血材料由海泡石纤维组成,纤维的平均直径为30nm左右。这种海泡石纤维具有很强的吸水能力,能迅速提取血液中的水分;较小的孔隙尺寸能组织血小板穿透,从而增大出血位置血小板浓度。
止血试验:
先找到小鼠内侧尾静脉,然后消毒,充分暴露,标记1cm的长度,用高压好的手术刀切口,随后加入材料,开始计时,每隔15s,用滤纸片吸走覆盖在材料上的血液,直达血流停止,整个时间为材料对止血的作用时间。在没有施加任何止血压力的情况下,第一实施方式中所述材料的止血时间为110秒。
本发明的上述实施方式仅仅是为了清楚地说明本发明所做的举例,而非是对本发明的实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其他不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。凡是在本发明的精神和原则之内所做的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明权利要求的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.一种无机快速止血材料,其特征在于:所述的无机快速止血材料中海泡石纤维的含量为80%~99%,银的含量为1%~20%;海泡石纤维的直径为5nm~100nm,银为纳米颗粒,直径为1nm~50nm;
所述无机快速止血材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(a)取海泡石原材料与去离子水混合并研磨,研磨完之后再加入去离子水搅拌形成悬浊液A,对悬浊液A进行离心处理,刮取上层沉淀物分散于去离子水中,形成悬浊液B;
(b)在悬浊液B中加入酸溶液酸化至pH=2~4,静置沉降,取沉降物继续分散在去离子水中,重复酸化,取沉淀物分散于去离子水中,形成悬浊液C,在悬浊液C中加入碱溶液至pH=8~10,静置沉降,取沉降物继续分散在去离子水中,重复碱处理,取沉淀物分散于饱和氯化钠溶液中,其中沉淀物与饱和氯化钠溶液的质量比为1:100~1:1000,静置,离心洗涤,干燥,获得海泡石纤维;
将海泡石纤维超声分散在银盐溶液中,在快速搅拌的情况下用紫外灯辐照0.2~1h,取出暗灰色粉末洗涤干燥,在气体保护的环境中以5℃/min的升温速率升到400~600℃退火3~5个小时,银以纳米颗粒的形态附着在海泡石纤维上。
2.权利要求1所述的无机快速止血材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(a)取海泡石原材料与去离子水混合并研磨,研磨完之后再加入去离子水搅拌形成悬浊液A,对悬浊液A进行离心处理,刮取上层沉淀物分散于去离子水中,形成悬浊液B;
(b)在悬浊液B中加入酸溶液酸化至pH=2~4,静置沉降,取沉降物继续分散在去离子水中,重复酸化,取沉淀物分散于去离子水中,形成悬浊液C,在悬浊液C中加入碱溶液至pH=8~10,静置沉降,取沉降物继续分散在去离子水中,重复碱处理,取沉淀物分散于饱和氯化钠溶液中,其中沉淀物与饱和氯化钠溶液的质量比为1:100~1:1000,静置,离心洗涤,干燥,获得海泡石纤维;
将海泡石纤维超声分散在银盐溶液中,在快速搅拌的情况下用紫外灯辐照0.2~1h,取出暗灰色粉末洗涤干燥,在气体保护的环境中以5℃/min的升温速率升到400~600℃退火3~5个小时,银以纳米颗粒的形态附着在海泡石纤维上。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种无机快速止血材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述研磨过程中海泡石和去离子水的质量比为20:1~5:1。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种无机快速止血材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述海泡石纤维与银盐的质量比为5:2~63:1。
5.根据权利要求2或4所述的一种无机快速止血材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述银盐为硝酸银、氟化银或高氯酸银中的一种或一种以上。
6.根据权利要求2所述的一种无机快速止血材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述气体保护的环境由氩气或氮气中的一种或两种提供。
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