CN111602757B - Feed capable of reducing feed protein consumption of pelteobagrus fulvidraco as well as preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Feed capable of reducing feed protein consumption of pelteobagrus fulvidraco as well as preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN111602757B
CN111602757B CN202010486464.3A CN202010486464A CN111602757B CN 111602757 B CN111602757 B CN 111602757B CN 202010486464 A CN202010486464 A CN 202010486464A CN 111602757 B CN111602757 B CN 111602757B
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feed
vitamin
pelteobagrus fulvidraco
parts
protein
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CN111602757A (en
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朱晓鸣
夏雨
刘昊昆
韩冬
金俊琰
杨云霞
聂光汉
解绶启
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Institute of Hydrobiology of CAS
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/116—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A23K20/132—Heterocyclic compounds containing only one nitrogen as hetero atom
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/174—Vitamins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/22—Compounds of alkali metals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/24—Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/30—Oligoelements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures

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Abstract

The invention discloses a feed capable of reducing the protein consumption of pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed, a preparation method and application thereof, and the feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight of dry matter: 39 to 70 parts of fish protein material, 0.1 to 1 part of spirulina, 0 to 17.9 parts of starch, 10.2 to 28 parts of flour, 2.53 to 3.10 parts of fish oil, 2.53 to 3.10 parts of soybean oil, 0.38 to 6.32 parts of microcrystalline cellulose and 7.9 to 13.84 parts of premix; the crude protein content of the feed is 30-50wt%. The spirulina is added into the raw materials through specific feed components and proportions, the content of crude protein is controlled to be 30-50 wt%, so that the use amount of the crude protein is reduced while the rapid growth of pelteobagrus fulvidraco is kept, the feed fat and energy level are optimized, the weight gain rate and the ingestion rate of the hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco are greatly improved, the raw materials of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed are easy to obtain, the processing is simple, and the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed has wide application prospect.

Description

Feed capable of reducing feed protein consumption of pelteobagrus fulvidraco as well as preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of feeds, in particular to a feed capable of reducing the amount of pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed protein, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Pelteobagrus fulvidraco is an important freshwater aquaculture fish variety in China, the development of pelteobagrus fulvidraco aquaculture industry is very rapid in recent decade, the national pelteobagrus fulvidraco aquaculture yield reaches 48.0032 ten thousand tons by 2017, and the pelteobagrus fulvidraco yield is increased by 10.50% compared with 43.4425 ten thousand tons in 2016 (2018 Chinese fishery statistics annual inspection). The amplification is fourth in the main fishes cultivated in the fresh water in China, and the cultivation prospect is quite broad. The feed is one of the main cost of pelteobagrus fulvidraco cultivation. In the feed cost, protein is the most expensive part. Therefore, how to reduce the protein consumption in the feed while keeping the rapid growth of pelteobagrus fulvidraco can reduce the cultivation cost to a certain extent, and has important significance for promoting the progress of the aquaculture technology.
In recent years, a great deal of exploration and practice are carried out on pelteobagrus fulvidraco compound feed, and various technical solutions are provided in aspects of pelteobagrus fulvidraco body color improvement, disease prevention, control, growth acceleration and the like. However, the feed for pelteobagrus fulvidraco capable of remarkably improving the weight gain rate and the feeding rate of pelteobagrus fulvidraco, especially hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco, is lacking at present. In addition, in early years, people discuss optimizing pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed formula mainly aiming at pelteobagrus fulvidraco and all-male pelteobagrus fulvidraco, compared with the pelteobagrus fulvidraco, the hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco has greater superiority in terms of growth speed, the pelteobagrus vachelli is taken as a male parent, the pelteobagrus fulvidraco is taken as a female parent, the quality of parents is ensured through cultivation and optimization of more than three generations, the stability and the quality of pelteobagrus fulvidraco fries are ensured, and the pelteobagrus fulvidraco has long body shape, bright color, rapid growth and good disease resistance, and is popular by being thermally crated by vast farmers once being pushed out. More and more pelteobagrus fulvidraco farmers select 'Huangyou Yi' as a trend, but few feed formulas specially developed for the pelteobagrus fulvidraco exist in the world nowadays, so that the development of the feed which is more suitable for the hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco's Huangyou Yi' and can reduce the cost to a certain extent is very necessary.
In view of this, the present invention has been made.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a feed capable of reducing the amount of pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed protein, and a preparation method and application thereof, so as to solve the problems.
The invention is realized in the following way:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a feed capable of reducing the amount of protein in pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight on a dry matter basis: 39 to 70 parts of fish protein material, 0.1 to 1 part of spirulina, 0 to 17.9 parts of starch, 10.2 to 28 parts of flour, 2.53 to 3.10 parts of fish oil, 2.53 to 3.10 parts of soybean oil, 0.38 to 6.32 parts of microcrystalline cellulose and 7.9 to 13.84 parts of premix;
wherein the content of crude protein in the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed is 30-50wt%.
In a second aspect, the invention also provides a preparation method of the feed capable of reducing the protein consumption of pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed, which comprises the following steps: and preparing pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed by using the mixture obtained by uniformly mixing the raw materials according to the proportion.
In a third aspect, the invention also provides application of the feed capable of reducing the feed protein consumption of pelteobagrus fulvidraco in pelteobagrus fulvidraco feeding.
Optionally, the breeding of pelteobagrus fulvidraco is breeding of hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco "yellow you Yi", preferably, the hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco uses pelteobagrus vachelli as male parent and common pelteobagrus fulvidraco (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) as female parent.
At least one technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the specific feed components and proportions are selected, and the spirulina is added into the raw materials, so that the use amount of crude protein is reduced while the rapid growth of pelteobagrus fulvidraco is kept, the feed fat and energy level are optimized, the nutrition is balanced, the requirements of the hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco on fat and energy are met, the weight gain rate and the ingestion rate of the hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco are greatly improved, the raw materials of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed are easy to obtain, the processing is simple, and the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed has wide application prospect.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The specific conditions are not noted in the examples and are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or apparatus used were conventional products commercially available without the manufacturer's attention.
The feed capable of reducing the feed protein consumption of pelteobagrus fulvidraco and the preparation method and application thereof are specifically described below.
Some embodiments of the invention provide a feed capable of reducing the amount of pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed protein, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight on a dry matter basis: the raw materials comprise: 39 to 70 parts of fish protein material, 0.1 to 1 part of spirulina, 0 to 17.9 parts of starch, 10.2 to 28 parts of flour, 2.53 to 3.10 parts of fish oil, 2.53 to 3.10 parts of soybean oil, 0.38 to 6.32 parts of microcrystalline cellulose and 7.9 to 13.84 parts of premix;
wherein the content of crude protein in the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed is 30-50wt%.
The fish protein material is a main material for improving the protein of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco, and the materials such as spirulina, starch, flour, fish oil, soybean oil, microcrystalline cellulose, premix and the like are selected and compounded according to the specific proportion, so that the content of the crude protein improved by the fish protein material is controlled to be 30-50 wt%, the protein content of the whole feed is reduced, and the fully balanced nutrition of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco can be given through the cooperation of the raw material components, and the weight gain rate and the ingestion rate of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco are obviously improved.
The spirulina (academic name: arthrospira platensis) belongs to the genus of blue algae, oscillatoriaceae and Spirulina, is an ancient lower procaryotic single-cell or multicellular aquatic plant, and has a body length of 200-500 μm and a width of 5-10 μm. The addition of the spirulina can keep the weight gain rate and the ingestion rate of pelteobagrus fulvidraco at higher level on the premise of reducing the fish protein material. Starch, flour and the like provide necessary energy for pelteobagrus fulvidraco, and meanwhile, in the process of preparing the feed by puffing, the feed can be easily molded so as to meet the edible requirement of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco. The components of fish oil, soybean oil, microcrystalline cellulose, multidimensional premix, multi-mineral premix, ethoxyquinoline, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, choline chloride and the like improve the full nutritional requirements for pelteobagrus fulvidraco, can promote the eating desire of pelteobagrus fulvidraco for feed, improve the taste of the feed, and provide the quality of pelteobagrus fulvidraco.
It should be noted that the starch may be corn starch, or may be other starches, including but not limited to sweet potato starch, etc.
In some embodiments of the invention, in order to further improve the feeding rate of pelteobagrus fulvidraco for feed and the weight gain rate and quality of pelteobagrus fulvidraco, especially for hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco, the inventor optimizes the formula through research and practice, and the raw materials comprise, in parts by weight of dry matter: 39 to 70 parts of fish protein material, 0.8 to 1 part of spirulina, 5 to 12 parts of starch, 16.6 to 22.4 parts of flour, 2.72 to 2.9 parts of fish oil, 2.72 to 2.9 parts of soybean oil, 0.38 to 6.32 parts of microcrystalline cellulose and 7.52 parts of premix, wherein the premix comprises 0.39 part of multidimensional premix, 5.00 parts of multi-mineral premix, 0.02 part of ethoxyquinoline, 2.00 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.11 part of choline chloride; wherein the crude protein content in the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed is 36.47-44.28 wt%.
In some embodiments, the crude fat content in the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed can be 7.62-8.47 wt%. For example, the crude fat content is 7.62wt%, 8.47wt%, 8.25wt%, 7.96wt%, 8.19wt%, 8.03wt%, 8.16wt%, 8.38wt%, or the like.
The selection of the fish protein material also has a certain influence on the weight gain rate, the ingestion rate and the like of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco, in some embodiments, the fish protein material comprises at least one of fish meal, casein and soybean meal, more preferably, the fish protein material comprises fish meal, casein and soybean meal, and even more preferably, the mass ratio of the fish meal, casein and soybean meal is 13-23.3: 13 to 23.3:13 to 23.3.
Specifically, the fish meal is white fish meal, and more preferably, american white fish meal.
Further optimize the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed formula, in some embodiments, the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight of dry matter: 18.13 parts of fish meal, 1 part of spirulina, 18.13 parts of casein, 18.13 parts of bean pulp, 8.7 parts of starch, 19.41 parts of flour, 2.82 parts of fish oil, 2.82 parts of soybean oil, 3.34 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.39 part of multi-vitamin premix, 5 parts of multi-mineral premix, 0.02 part of ethoxyquinoline, 2 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.11 part of choline chloride. Wherein the fish meal is American white fish meal, the starch is corn starch, the crude protein content in the feed for pelteobagrus fulvidraco is 40.13wt% and the crude fat content is 7.96wt%.
In order to allow adequate mixing of the various materials, and to allow for good expansion granulation, in some embodiments, the particle size of each of the material components is less than 100 mesh.
Further, in order to ensure that the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed can fully meet the growth requirements of pelteobagrus fulvidraco, in particular to be suitable for hybridization pelteobagrus fulvidraco, in some embodiments, the multidimensional premix comprises vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folic acid, calcium pantothenate, inositol, nicotinic acid, biotin, vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E and vitamin K.
Wherein, the mass ratio of vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folic acid, calcium pantothenate, inositol, nicotinic acid, biotin, vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E and vitamin K is 18-22 in sequence: 18 to 22:18 to 22:0.01 to 0.03:4 to 6: 40-60: 90-110: 90-110: 0.08 to 0.12: 90-110: 100-120: 18 to 22: 40-60: 9 to 11.
Preferably, the mass ratio of vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folic acid, calcium pantothenate, inositol, nicotinic acid, biotin, vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E and vitamin K is 20:20:20:0.02:5:50:100:100:0.1:100:110:20:50:10.
in order to ensure that the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed can fully meet the growth requirement of pelteobagrus fulvidraco, the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed is particularly suitable for hybridization of pelteobagrus fulvidraco, certain requirements are also carried out on the components of a multi-mineral premix, and in some embodiments, the multi-mineral premix comprises sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, monopotassium phosphate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, ferrous sulfate, calcium lactate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, cobalt sulfate and potassium iodide.
Wherein, the mass ratio of sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium hydrophosphate, ferrous sulfate, calcium lactate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, cobalt sulfate and potassium iodide is 48 to 52 in sequence: 810-820: 1200-1300: 1500-1700: 760 to 770: 220-230: 170-190: 17.5 to 18:6.1 to 6.2:1.5 to 1.6:3.4 to 3.5:11.4 to 11.6.
Preferably, the mass ratio of sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, ferrous sulfate, calcium lactate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, cobalt sulfate and potassium iodide is 50:815.56:1250:1600:765:228.62:175:17.8:6.14:1.55:3.45:11.48.
some embodiments of the invention also provide a preparation method of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed, which comprises the following steps: and preparing pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed by using the mixture obtained by uniformly mixing the raw materials according to the proportion.
Optionally, the mix is expanded and pelletized. The feed preparation uses a bulking machine, and the preparation conditions are that the first zone is heated to 73-77 ℃, preferably 75 ℃, the second zone is heated to 98-102 ℃, preferably 100 ℃, the third zone is heated to 118-122 ℃, preferably 120 ℃, the current value of the main rotating shaft of the bulking machine is 23-26A, and the rotating speed of a cutter is 1100-1300 rpm, preferably 1200rpm.
Optionally, the mixture is obtained by respectively crushing and sieving various raw materials by a 100-mesh crusher and uniformly mixing.
The invention also provides application of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed in pelteobagrus fulvidraco raising.
Optionally, the breeding of pelteobagrus fulvidraco is the breeding of hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco, preferably, the hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco uses pelteobagrus vachelli as male parent and common pelteobagrus fulvidraco as female parent.
The features and capabilities of the present invention are described in further detail below in connection with the examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight based on dry mass: 13.00 parts of white fish powder, 1.00 parts of spirulina, 13.00 parts of casein, 13.00 parts of soybean meal, 17.90 parts of corn starch, 28.00 parts of flour, 3.10 parts of fish oil, 3.10 parts of soybean oil, 0.38 part of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.39 part of multi-vitamin premix, 5.00 parts of multi-mineral premix, 0.02 part of ethoxyquinoline, 2.00 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.11 part of choline chloride. The nutrition components in the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed have the following proportion: the crude protein content was 30.64% and the crude fat content was 7.62%.
The preparation method of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed comprises the following steps: crushing various raw materials by a 100-mesh crusher, uniformly mixing the raw materials according to the proportion, puffing and granulating, wherein the puffing temperature is divided into three sections according to the process, wherein the temperature of the first section is 75 ℃, the temperature of the second section is 100 ℃, the temperature of the third section is 120 ℃, and the time for feeding and discharging the raw materials is about 1 minute, so that the pelteobagrus fulvidraco puffed feed with the particle size of 1mm is obtained.
Example 2
The embodiment provides pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight based on dry mass: 14.70 parts of white fish powder, 1.00 parts of spirulina, 14.70 parts of casein, 14.70 parts of soybean meal, 14.70 parts of corn starch, 25.30 parts of flour, 3.00 parts of fish oil, 3.00 parts of soybean oil, 1.38 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.39 part of multidimensional premix, 5.00 parts of multi-mineral premix, 0.02 part of ethoxyquinoline, 2.00 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.11 part of choline chloride. The nutrition components in the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed have the following proportion: the crude protein content was 33.15% and the crude fat content was 8.47%.
The preparation method of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed comprises the following steps: crushing various raw materials by a 100-mesh crusher, uniformly mixing the raw materials according to the proportion, puffing and granulating, wherein the melting temperature is divided into three sections according to the process, wherein the temperature of the first section is 75 ℃, the temperature of the second section is 100 ℃, the temperature of the third section is 120 ℃, and the time for feeding and discharging the raw materials is about 1 minute, so that the pelteobagrus fulvidraco puffed feed with the particle size of 1mm is obtained.
Example 3
The embodiment provides pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight based on dry mass: 16.42 parts of white fish powder, 1.00 parts of spirulina, 16.42 parts of casein, 16.42 parts of soybean meal, 11.70 parts of corn starch, 22.40 parts of flour, 2.90 parts of fish oil, 2.90 parts of soybean oil, 2.32 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.39 part of multidimensional premix, 5.00 parts of multi-mineral premix, 0.02 part of ethoxyquinoline, 2.00 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.11 part of choline chloride. The nutrition components in the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed have the following proportion: the crude protein content was 36.47% and the crude fat content was 8.25%.
The preparation method of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed comprises the following steps: crushing various raw materials by a 100-mesh crusher, uniformly mixing the raw materials according to the proportion, puffing and granulating, wherein the melting temperature is divided into three sections according to the process, wherein the temperature of the first section is 75 ℃, the temperature of the second section is 100 ℃, the temperature of the third section is 120 ℃, and the time for feeding and discharging the raw materials is about 1 minute, so that the pelteobagrus fulvidraco puffed feed with the particle size of 1mm is obtained.
Example 4
The embodiment provides pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight based on dry mass: 18.13 parts of white fish powder, 1.00 parts of spirulina, 18.13 parts of casein, 18.13 parts of soybean meal, 8.70 parts of corn starch, 19.41 parts of flour, 2.82 parts of fish oil, 2.82 parts of soybean oil, 3.34 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.39 part of multidimensional premix, 5.00 parts of multi-mineral premix, 0.02 part of ethoxyquinoline, 2.00 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.11 part of choline chloride. The nutrition components in the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed have the following proportion: the crude protein content was 40.13% and the crude fat content was 7.96%.
The preparation method of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed comprises the following steps: crushing various raw materials by a 100-mesh crusher, uniformly mixing the raw materials according to the proportion, puffing and granulating, wherein the melting temperature is divided into three sections according to the process, wherein the temperature of the first section is 75 ℃, the temperature of the second section is 100 ℃, the temperature of the third section is 120 ℃, and the time for feeding and discharging the raw materials is about 1 minute, so that the pelteobagrus fulvidraco puffed feed with the particle size of 1mm is obtained.
Example 5
The embodiment provides pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight based on dry mass: 19.84 parts of white fish powder, 1.00 parts of spirulina, 19.84 parts of casein, 19.84 parts of soybean meal, 5.60 parts of corn starch, 16.60 parts of flour, 2.72 parts of fish oil, 2.72 parts of soybean oil, 4.32 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.39 part of multidimensional premix, 5.00 parts of multi-mineral premix, 0.02 part of ethoxyquinoline, 2.00 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.11 part of choline chloride. The nutrition components in the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed have the following proportion: the crude protein content was 44.28% and the crude fat content was 8.19%.
The preparation method of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed comprises the following steps: crushing various raw materials by a 100-mesh crusher, uniformly mixing the raw materials according to the proportion, puffing and granulating, wherein the melting temperature is divided into three sections according to the process, wherein the temperature of the first section is 75 ℃, the temperature of the second section is 100 ℃, the temperature of the third section is 120 ℃, and the time for feeding and discharging the raw materials is about 1 minute, so that the pelteobagrus fulvidraco puffed feed with the particle size of 1mm is obtained.
Example 6
The embodiment provides pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight based on dry mass: 21.60 parts of white fish powder, 1.00 parts of spirulina, 21.60 parts of casein, 21.60 parts of soybean meal, 3.20 parts of corn starch, 12.90 parts of flour, 2.62 parts of fish oil, 2.62 parts of soybean oil, 5.34 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.39 part of multidimensional premix, 5.00 parts of multi-mineral premix, 0.02 part of ethoxyquinoline, 2.00 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.11 part of choline chloride. The nutrition components in the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed have the following proportion: the crude protein content was 47.59% and the crude fat content was 8.03%.
The preparation method of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed comprises the following steps: crushing various raw materials by a 100-mesh crusher, uniformly mixing the raw materials according to the proportion, puffing and granulating, wherein the melting temperature is divided into three sections according to the process, wherein the temperature of the first section is 75 ℃, the temperature of the second section is 100 ℃, the temperature of the third section is 120 ℃, and the time for feeding and discharging the raw materials is about 1 minute, so that the pelteobagrus fulvidraco puffed feed with the particle size of 1mm is obtained.
Example 7
The embodiment provides pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight based on dry mass: 23.30 parts of white fish powder, 1.00 parts of spirulina, 23.30 parts of casein, 23.30 parts of soybean meal, 0.00 part of corn starch, 10.20 parts of flour, 2.53 parts of fish oil, 2.53 parts of soybean oil, 6.32 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.39 part of multidimensional premix, 5.00 parts of multi-mineral premix, 0.02 part of ethoxyquinoline, 2.00 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.11 part of choline chloride. The nutrition components in the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed have the following proportion: the crude protein content was 49.92% and the crude fat content was 8.16%.
The preparation method of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed comprises the following steps: crushing various raw materials by a 100-mesh crusher, uniformly mixing the raw materials according to the proportion, puffing and granulating, wherein the melting temperature is divided into three sections according to the process, wherein the temperature of the first section is 75 ℃, the temperature of the second section is 100 ℃, the temperature of the third section is 120 ℃, and the time for feeding and discharging the raw materials is about 1 minute, so that the pelteobagrus fulvidraco puffed feed with the particle size of 1mm is obtained.
Example 8
The embodiment provides pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight based on dry mass: 18.40 parts of white fish powder, 0.00 part of spirulina, 18.40 parts of casein, 18.40 parts of soybean meal, 8.10 parts of corn starch, 20.15 parts of flour, 2.82 parts of fish oil, 2.82 parts of soybean oil, 3.39 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.39 part of multi-vitamin premix, 5.00 parts of multi-mineral premix, 0.02 part of ethoxyquinoline, 2.00 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.11 part of choline chloride. The nutrition components in the pelteobagrus fulvidraco compound feed have the following proportion: the crude protein content was 39.87% and the crude fat content was 8.38%.
The preparation method of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed comprises the following steps: crushing various raw materials by a 100-mesh crusher, uniformly mixing the raw materials according to the proportion, puffing and granulating, wherein the melting temperature is divided into three sections according to the process, wherein the temperature of the first section is 75 ℃, the temperature of the second section is 100 ℃, the temperature of the third section is 120 ℃, and the time for feeding and discharging the raw materials is about 1 minute, so that the pelteobagrus fulvidraco puffed feed with the particle size of 1mm is obtained.
The feed formulations and nutritional ingredients of examples 1-8 are shown in Table 1 below.
TABLE 1
Test example 1
Temporarily culturing test object pelteobagrus fulvidraco for 15 days, fully adapting to culturing conditions, weighing pelteobagrus fulvidraco with normal body shape and uniform specification, randomly distributing to 24 pond net cage culturing systems provided by four large domestic fish stock farms in Yangtze river, and arranging 2 x 2m box specification 3 . Each box is used for placing 30 fish, the initial weight of the fish body is about 34g, 3 net cages are randomly selected as 1 test treatment, and the fish of each treatment group are fed with the same test feed of the embodiment 1-8. The test fish were fed satiated twice daily (7:00 and 17:00). The cultivation test period is 60 days. Continuously oxygenation is carried out by using an oxygenation gas disc during the cultivation period, and natural illumination is carried out. The water temperature is 26.7-35.6 ℃ during the cultivation.
After the cultivation is finished, the weights of pelteobagrus fulvidraco fed with different test groups of feeds are respectively measured, so that the weight gain rate, the feed efficiency and the feeding rate are calculated. 3 fish are randomly taken from each net cage after the total weight of the fish body is weighed, the body length and the weight are respectively measured to calculate morphological indexes, the fish is dissected, and viscera groups and livers are sequentially taken out to calculate liver body indexes and viscera body indexes. And randomly selecting 3 fish from each net cage, combining the fish into a whole fish sample, and determining biochemical composition components of the fish body to evaluate the influence of different feeds on the growth performance of pelteobagrus fulvidraco. Wherein the pelteobagrus fulvidraco is a hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco, the pelteobagrus vachelli is used as a male parent, and the common pelteobagrus fulvidraco is used as a female parent.
The growth results of the hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco fed with the feed of examples 1 to 8 are shown in Table 2, and the results of examples 1 to 8 correspond to tables 1 to 8, respectively.
TABLE 2
In table 2, the same column of numbers with superscript letters indicates significant differences (P < 0.05).
As can be seen from table 2, the growth rate of the hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco of example 4 group was the fastest and the growth rate of example 8 group was the slowest, and it was found that the weight gain rate of the hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco showed a tendency of ascending before descending with the increase of the feed protein level in the results of examples 1 to 7, and reached the maximum in the group of example 4 (protein level 40.13%). As can be seen from comparison of the groups in example 4 and example 8, when 1% of spirulina powder is added to the feed (example 4), the weight gain rate of the hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco is significantly higher than that of the test group without spirulina powder (example 8), and the ingestion rate of the hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco in the group in example 4 is significantly higher than that of the group in example 8. Therefore, under the test condition, the weight gain rate and the ingestion rate of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco can be obviously improved by adding 1% of spirulina powder into the feed for the pelteobagrus fulvidraco in a certain growth stage.
Example 9
This example differs from example 4 only in that casein and soybean meal were replaced with us white fish meal in the raw material, i.e. the amount of us white fish meal was 54.39 parts.
Example 10
This example differs from example 4 only in that the raw material was replaced with casein for us white fish meal and soybean meal, i.e. the amount of casein was 54.39 parts.
The multi-vitamin premix in examples 1 to 10 above includes vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folic acid, calcium pantothenate, inositol, niacin, biotin, vitamin C, vitamin a, vitamin D, vitamin E, and vitamin K. Wherein, the mass ratio of vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folic acid, calcium pantothenate, inositol, nicotinic acid, biotin, vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E and vitamin K is 20:20:20:0.02:5:50:100:100:0.1:100:110:20:50:10.
the multi-mineral premix comprises sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, ferrous sulfate, calcium lactate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, cobalt sulfate and potassium iodide. Wherein, the mass ratio of sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium hydrophosphate, ferrous sulfate, calcium lactate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, cobalt sulfate and potassium iodide is 50:815.56:1250:1600:765:228.62:175:17.8:6.14:1.55:3.45:11.48.
in conclusion, the method optimizes the crude protein content and the fat and energy levels of the feed, has balanced nutrition, meets the requirements of the hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco on fat and energy, has the advantages of easily obtained raw materials, simple and convenient processing, and has wide market application prospect.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (13)

1. The feed capable of reducing the protein consumption of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight of dry matter: 44.1-49.26 parts of fish protein material, 0.8-1 part of spirulina, 11.7-14.7 parts of starch, 22.4-25.3 parts of flour, 2.90-3.00 parts of fish oil, 2.90-3.00 parts of soybean oil, 1.38-2.32 parts of microcrystalline cellulose and 7.52 parts of premix;
the fish protein material comprises the following components in percentage by mass of 14.7-16.42: 14.7 to 16.42: 14.7-16.42 of fish meal, casein and soybean meal;
the premix comprises 0.39 part of multidimensional premix, 5.00 parts of multi-mineral premix, 0.02 part of ethoxyquinoline, 2.00 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 0.11 part of choline chloride;
wherein the crude protein content in the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed is 33.15-36.47 wt%;
the content of crude fat in the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed is 8.25-8.47 wt%.
2. The feed capable of reducing the amount of protein in pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed according to claim 1, wherein the fish meal is white fish meal.
3. A feed capable of reducing the amount of pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed protein according to claim 2, wherein the fish meal is white fish meal in the united states.
4. A feed capable of reducing the amount of pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed protein according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the particle size of the raw material is less than 100 mesh.
5. A feed capable of reducing the amount of protein in pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that said multidimensional premix comprises vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folic acid, calcium pantothenate, inositol, niacin, biotin, vitamin C, vitamin a, vitamin D, vitamin E and vitamin K;
the weight ratio of vitamin B1 to vitamin B2 to vitamin B6 to vitamin B12 to folic acid to calcium pantothenate to inositol to niacin to biotin to vitamin C to vitamin A to vitamin D to vitamin E to vitamin K is 18-22: 18-22: 18-22: 0.01 to 0.03: 4-6: 40-60: 90-110: 90-110: 0.08-0.12: 90-110: 100-120: 18-22: 40-60: 9-11.
6. The feed capable of reducing the protein consumption of pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed according to claim 5, wherein the mass ratio of vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folic acid, calcium pantothenate, inositol, nicotinic acid, biotin, vitamin C, vitamin a, vitamin D, vitamin E and vitamin K is 20:20:20:0.02:5:50:100:100:0.1:100:110:20:50:10.
7. a feed capable of reducing the amount of protein in pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed according to claim 2 or 3, wherein said multi-mineral premix comprises sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, ferrous sulfate, calcium lactate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, cobalt sulfate and potassium iodide;
the mass ratio of sodium chloride to magnesium sulfate to sodium dihydrogen phosphate to potassium dihydrogen phosphate to calcium hydrogen phosphate to ferrous sulfate to calcium lactate to zinc sulfate to manganese sulfate to cobalt sulfate to potassium iodide is 48-52: 810-820: 1200-1300: 1500-1700: 760-770: 220-230: 170-190: 17.5-18: 6.1 to 6.2: 1.5-1.6: 3.4-3.5: 11.4 to 11.6.
8. The feed capable of reducing the amount of pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed protein according to claim 7, wherein the mass ratio of sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, ferrous sulfate, calcium lactate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, cobalt sulfate and potassium iodide is 50:815.56:1250:1600:765:228.62:175:17.8:6.14:1.55:3.45:11.48.
9. the preparation method of the feed capable of reducing the amount of pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed protein according to any one of claims 1-8, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: and preparing the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed by using a mixture obtained by uniformly mixing the raw materials according to the proportion.
10. The method for preparing feed capable of reducing the amount of protein in pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed according to claim 9, wherein the mixture is puffed and granulated;
the preparation method comprises the steps of preparing feed by using a bulking machine, wherein the preparation conditions are that the first zone is heated to 73-77 ℃, the second zone is heated to 98-102 ℃, the third zone is heated to 118-122 ℃, the current value of a main rotating shaft of the bulking machine is 23-26A, and the rotating speed of a cutter is 1100-1300 rpm;
the mixture is obtained by respectively crushing various raw materials through a 100-mesh crusher and uniformly mixing.
11. The method for preparing feed capable of reducing the amount of protein in pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed according to claim 10, wherein the preparation condition of the feed is 75 ℃ in the first zone, 100 ℃ in the second zone, 120 ℃ in the third zone and 1200rpm of cutter.
12. The feed capable of reducing the amount of pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed protein according to any one of claims 1 to 8 or the application of the feed capable of reducing the amount of pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed protein obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 9 to 11 in pelteobagrus fulvidraco feeding.
13. The use according to claim 12, wherein the breeding of pelteobagrus fulvidraco is the breeding of hybrid pelteobagrus fulvidraco "yellow you onePelteobagrus fulvidraco) is the female parent.
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