CN111602561B - Method for intercropping grain amaranth and wheat on cadmium-polluted soil - Google Patents

Method for intercropping grain amaranth and wheat on cadmium-polluted soil Download PDF

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CN111602561B
CN111602561B CN202010520615.2A CN202010520615A CN111602561B CN 111602561 B CN111602561 B CN 111602561B CN 202010520615 A CN202010520615 A CN 202010520615A CN 111602561 B CN111602561 B CN 111602561B
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grinding
polluted soil
wheat
mixing
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CN111602561A (en
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宋正国
王凯
王迪
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Agro Environmental Protection Institute Ministry of Agriculture
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B49/00—Combined machines
    • A01B49/02—Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind
    • A01B49/022—Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind at least one tool being actively driven
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B49/00—Combined machines
    • A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/80—Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/82—Combinations of dissimilar mixers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/80—Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/83—Mixing plants specially adapted for mixing in combination with disintegrating operations
    • B01F33/831—Devices with consecutive working receptacles, e.g. with two intermeshing tools in one of the receptacles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/71—Feed mechanisms
    • B01F35/717—Feed mechanisms characterised by the means for feeding the components to the mixer
    • B01F35/7179—Feed mechanisms characterised by the means for feeding the components to the mixer using sprayers, nozzles or jets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/75—Discharge mechanisms
    • B01F35/754—Discharge mechanisms characterised by the means for discharging the components from the mixer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C2101/00—In situ
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2101/00—Agricultural use

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Abstract

The invention provides a method for intercropping amaranth and wheat on cadmium-polluted soil, which comprises the following steps: uniformly spreading a cadmium-polluted soil repairing agent on the surface of cadmium-polluted soil, then ploughing the cadmium-polluted soil to fully mix the cadmium-polluted soil repairing agent with the cadmium-polluted soil, completing the repairing of the cadmium-polluted soil after 3-5 days, uniformly intercropping the amaranth and the wheat on the repaired soil, adopting a compound fertilizer in the growth process of the amaranth and the wheat, and simultaneously harvesting the amaranth and the wheat after the wheat grains are mature. The method for intercropping the grain amaranth and the wheat on the cadmium-polluted soil provided by the invention adopts the intercropping method of the grain amaranth to inhibit the absorption and transportation of the wheat to cadmium, and simultaneously combines the use of a compound fertilizer and a repairing agent, so that the cadmium concentration of each part of the wheat is greatly reduced, and the quality of the wheat planted on the cadmium-polluted soil is improved.

Description

Method for intercropping grain amaranth and wheat on cadmium-polluted soil
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of phytoremediation technology of heavy metal contaminated soil and agricultural product quality safety, and particularly relates to a method for intercropping amaranth and wheat on cadmium contaminated soil.
Background
The farmland is an important component of the human ecological environment, is a material basis of sustainable development of economic society, is one of main natural resources on which human beings live, and is directly related to the life health of people. Since the 90 s of the 20 th century, with the rapid development of industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization, toxic heavy metals from various sources enter the farmland environment in various forms, ways and ways such as water, gas (dust), slag, fertilizer, medicine and the like, so that large-area farmlands are polluted by the heavy metals. Cd has strong accumulation and migration capability in farmland and can affect deep soil. Cd enters human bodies and animal bodies through food chains and is accumulated and enriched, so that toxic effects are generated on human bones, kidneys, livers, immune systems and reproductive systems, diseases such as 'bone pain diseases', kidney damage, diabetes, emphysema and hypertension are caused, and diseases such as cancers are also caused seriously. In view of the increasing pollution of Cd in farmland and the great threat of Cd to agriculture and human beings, the effective restoration and treatment are urgently needed according to the current situation of Cd pollution and pollution characteristics of farmland in our province.
With the outbreak of the cadmium wheat event, people pay more attention to the heavy metal cadmium pollution of soil, and the technical requirements of farmland heavy metal remediation are continuously increased. The sources of the passivation materials in the papers and the patents are not wide (such as chicken manure and the like), the application amount is large (the application amount is more than 1 ton/mu in most cases), the effect is unstable, and the repeatability is poor (clay minerals, iron-manganese oxides, biochar, humic acid and the like). The repair research of the polluted soil in the northern grain core production area is relatively less.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a method for intercropping amaranth and wheat on cadmium-polluted soil to improve the quality of wheat grains.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a method for intercropping grain amaranth and wheat on cadmium contaminated soil comprises the following steps: uniformly spreading a cadmium-polluted soil repairing agent on the surface of cadmium-polluted soil, then ploughing the cadmium-polluted soil to fully mix the cadmium-polluted soil repairing agent with the cadmium-polluted soil, completing the repairing of the cadmium-polluted soil after 3-5 days, uniformly intercropping the amaranth and the wheat on the repaired soil, adopting a compound fertilizer in the growth process of the amaranth and the wheat, and simultaneously harvesting the amaranth and the wheat after the wheat grains are mature.
Further, the compound fertilizer is a combination of livestock manure, phosphate fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, and the mass ratio of the livestock manure, the phosphate fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer is 100: 5-10: 10-30: 10-30; the phosphate fertilizer is phosphorus pentoxide; the nitrogen fertilizer is ammonium sulfate; the potash fertilizer is potassium chloride.
Further, the dosage of the cadmium-polluted soil remediation agent is 5-30 kg/mu; the dosage of the compound fertilizer is 40-50 kg/mu.
The cadmium-polluted soil repairing agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
Figure GDA0003282288380000021
preferably, the repairing agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
Figure GDA0003282288380000031
further, the oxidant is at least one of potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, sodium hypochlorite, potassium perchlorate or potassium permanganate; the mineral material is at least one of fly ash, montmorillonite or kaolinite.
Further, the acid liquor comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-5 parts of citric acid, 5-10 parts of malic acid, 5-10 parts of acetic acid and 500 parts of water.
The preparation method of the cadmium-polluted soil remediation agent comprises the following steps:
(1) activating and culturing the citrobacter;
(2) grinding the mineral material and lime respectively, and then mixing the ground mineral material, the zinc sulfate, sodium chloride, rhizopus and the cultured citrobacter to obtain a dry material;
(3) and (3) uniformly mixing acid liquor with the dry material to obtain the cadmium-polluted soil remediation agent.
A plowing device for soil feeding and finishing is characterized in that the plowing device uniformly spreads a cadmium-polluted soil repairing agent on the surface of cadmium-polluted soil, then plows the cadmium-polluted soil to fully mix the cadmium-polluted soil repairing agent and the cadmium-polluted soil,
further, the soil feeding and tidying tillage device comprises a pretreatment mechanism, a feeding and tidying mechanism and a connecting mechanism, wherein the pretreatment mechanism is fixed on the feeding and tidying mechanism, and the connecting mechanism is fixed on one side of the feeding and tidying mechanism;
the pretreatment mechanism comprises a grinding unit and a mixing unit, wherein the grinding unit is positioned above the mixing unit;
the grinding unit comprises a grinding box body, grinding stones, a grinding shaft and a grinding motor, the grinding box body is fixed on the mixing unit, a grinding cavity is formed in the grinding box body, the grinding stones are located in the grinding cavity and matched with the grinding cavity, one end of the grinding shaft is connected with the grinding motor, the other end of the grinding shaft penetrates through the grinding stones, a plurality of grinding feeding ports are formed in the grinding box body, the grinding feeding ports are communicated with the grinding cavity, a grinding discharge port is formed in the bottom of the grinding box body, one end of the grinding discharge port is communicated with the grinding cavity, the other end of the grinding discharge port is communicated with the mixing unit, and a screen is arranged in the grinding discharge port;
the mixing unit comprises a mixing box body, a mixing shaft and a mixing motor are arranged in the mixing box body, one end of the mixing shaft is connected with the mixing motor, the other end of the mixing shaft penetrates through the mixing box body and is arranged in the mixing box body, a plurality of mixing blades are arranged on the mixing shaft, and a mixing feeding port is formed in the mixing box body.
The grinding chamber is arranged in the grinding box body, the grinding chamber is matched with the grinding stone for grinding, meanwhile, the grinding feeding port is communicated with the grinding chamber, so that materials can be fed through the corresponding grinding feeding port according to the grinding conditions of different positions, and the grinding efficiency and the grinding quality are improved.
Furthermore, the feeding and arranging mechanism comprises a feeding and arranging box body, wherein a plowing unit, a feeding unit and a ploughing unit are arranged in the feeding and arranging box body, the plowing unit and the ploughing unit are respectively positioned at two sides of the feeding unit, the plowing unit is adjacent to the connecting mechanism, and the feeding unit is positioned below the pretreatment mechanism;
the feeding mechanism comprises a material channel, a connecting bearing, a discharge channel, a spray head, a belt and a discharge motor, wherein a mixed discharge hole is formed in the top of the material channel, the bottom of the material channel is connected with the discharge channel through the connecting bearing, the mixed discharge hole is communicated with the mixing box body, a flow valve is arranged on the material channel, the discharge motor is fixed on the support frame and is connected with the material channel through the belt, the spray head is arranged at the bottom of the discharge channel, and a plurality of spray holes are uniformly formed in the spray head;
the plowing unit comprises a fixed frame, a reinforcing frame and a coulter, the fixed frame is fixed on the feeding and sorting box body, and the coulter is fixed on the fixed frame through the reinforcing frame;
the tillage unit comprises a tillage motor, a tillage shaft and tillage knives, one end of the tillage shaft is connected with the tillage shaft, the other end of the tillage shaft penetrates through the feeding and arranging box body and is placed in the feeding and arranging box body, and the tillage shaft is provided with a plurality of tillage knives.
The spraying head is driven by the discharging motor to rotate, and the materials are uniformly sprayed on the soil through the spraying holes, so that the soil at different positions can be uniformly mixed with the materials.
The output shaft of the feeding motor is provided with a driving gear, the material channel is provided with a driven gear, the belt is sleeved on the driving gear and the driven gear and is meshed with the driven gear, and after the feeding motor rotates, the driving gear can drive the driven gear to rotate through the belt, so that the material channel rotates, the sprinkler head rotates, and feeding is more uniform.
Compared with the prior art, the method for intercropping amaranth and wheat on the cadmium-polluted soil has the following advantages:
(1) the method for intercropping the grain amaranth and the wheat on the cadmium-polluted soil provided by the invention adopts the intercropping method of the grain amaranth to inhibit the absorption and transportation of the wheat to cadmium, and simultaneously combines the use of a compound fertilizer and a repairing agent, so that the cadmium concentration of each part of the wheat is greatly reduced, and the quality of the wheat planted on the cadmium-polluted soil is improved.
(2) The cadmium-polluted soil remediation agent provided by the invention adopts the use of the bacillus citrate and the rhizopus to cooperate with the acid liquor, so that the absorption of cadmium by the grain amaranth is improved, the cadmium content in the soil is obviously reduced, the cadmium concentration around the wheat is reduced, the absorption of cadmium by the wheat is reduced, and the cadmium-polluted soil is remedied.
(3) The tillage device for soil feeding and arranging is characterized in that a grinding unit is used for grinding partial materials, the ground materials enter a mixing unit after being ground to a certain degree, then the rest materials are added for mixing, the materials can enter a feeding unit after being mixed for feeding, a ploughing unit is arranged in front of the feeding unit, the soil is firstly turned up and then fed, and finally the materials and the soil are mixed through the tillage unit, so that the requirements of the planting method are met, and meanwhile, the device can also be used during farming.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention without limitation. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a plowing device for soil feeding and dressing according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view illustrating a sprinkler head according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1. a pretreatment mechanism; 2. a feeding and arranging mechanism; 3. a connecting mechanism; 11. grinding the box body; 12. grinding stones; 13. grinding the shaft; 14. grinding the motor; 15. grinding the feeding port; 16. grinding the discharge hole; 17. screening a screen; 18. a mixing feed inlet; 19. a mixing shaft; 110. a hybrid motor; 111. a mixing blade; 112. a mixing box body; 21. a fixed mount; 22. a reinforcing frame; 23. a coulter; 24. a support frame; 25. a mixed discharge hole; 26. a flow valve; 27. a material channel; 28. connecting a bearing; 29. a discharge channel; 210. a sprinkler head; 211. a belt; 212. a discharging motor; 213. a land plowing shaft; 214. ploughing; 215. feeding and tidying the box body; 216. and (4) spraying holes.
Detailed Description
Unless defined otherwise, technical terms used in the following examples have the same meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs. The test reagents used in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional biochemical reagents; the experimental methods are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
The Citrobacter freundii is Citrobacter freundii ATCC 43864.
The rhizopus described in the embodiments of the present invention is commercially available rhizopus species.
Example 1
The test area of this example was 2mg/kg Cd with an area of 1m23 groups of parallel groups are arranged in total.
The method for intercropping amaranth and wheat on the cadmium-polluted soil comprises the following steps: uniformly spreading a cadmium-polluted soil repairing agent on the surface of cadmium-polluted soil, then ploughing the cadmium-polluted soil to fully mix the cadmium-polluted soil repairing agent with the cadmium-polluted soil, completing the repairing of the cadmium-polluted soil after 5 days, uniformly intercropping the grain amaranth and the wheat on the repaired soil, adopting a compound fertilizer in the growth process of the grain amaranth and the wheat, and simultaneously harvesting the grain amaranth and the wheat after the wheat grains are mature.
The compound fertilizer is the combination of livestock manure, phosphate fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, and the mass ratio of the livestock manure, the phosphate fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer is 100: 6: 15: 18; the phosphate fertilizer is phosphorus pentoxide; the nitrogen fertilizer is ammonium sulfate; the potash fertilizer is potassium chloride. The dosage of the cadmium-polluted soil remediation agent is 20 kg/mu. The dosage of the compound fertilizer is 40 kg/mu.
The cadmium-polluted soil repairing agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1 part of citric acid bacillus, 1 part of rhizopus, 6 parts of potassium perchlorate, 10 parts of fly ash, 20 parts of lime, 5 parts of zinc sulfate, 6 parts of sodium chloride and 10 parts of acid liquor.
The acid solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2 parts of citric acid, 6 parts of malic acid, 6 parts of acetic acid and 200 parts of water.
The preparation method of the cadmium-polluted soil remediation agent comprises the following steps:
(1) activating and culturing the citrobacter, wherein the activating and culturing process is a conventional method and is not described again;
(2) grinding the mineral material and lime respectively, and then mixing the ground mineral material, the zinc sulfate, sodium chloride, rhizopus and the cultured citrobacter to obtain a dry material;
(3) and (3) uniformly mixing acid liquor with the dry material to obtain the cadmium-polluted soil remediation agent.
A plowing device for soil feeding and finishing is characterized in that the plowing device uniformly spreads a cadmium-polluted soil repairing agent on the surface of cadmium-polluted soil, then plows the cadmium-polluted soil to fully mix the cadmium-polluted soil repairing agent and the cadmium-polluted soil,
the tillage device for soil feeding and sorting comprises a pretreatment mechanism 1, a feeding sorting mechanism 2 and a connecting mechanism 3, wherein the pretreatment mechanism 1 is fixed on the feeding sorting mechanism 2, and the connecting mechanism 3 is fixed on one side of the feeding sorting mechanism 2;
the pretreatment mechanism 1 comprises a grinding unit and a mixing unit, wherein the grinding unit is positioned above the mixing unit;
the grinding unit comprises a grinding box body 11, grinding stones 12, a grinding shaft 13 and a grinding motor 14, the grinding box body 11 is fixed on the mixing unit, a grinding cavity is arranged in the grinding box body 11, the grinding stones 12 are positioned in the grinding cavity and matched with the grinding cavity, one end of the grinding shaft 13 is connected with the grinding motor 14, the other end of the grinding shaft penetrates through the grinding stones 12, a plurality of grinding material inlet 15 are arranged on the grinding box body 11, the grinding material inlet 15 is communicated with the grinding cavity, mineral materials and lime are respectively put into the grinding material inlet 15 for grinding, a grinding material outlet 16 is arranged at the bottom of the grinding box body 11, one end of the grinding material outlet 16 is communicated with the grinding cavity, the other end of the grinding material outlet is communicated with the mixing unit, a screen 17 is arranged in the grinding material outlet 16, the ground and screened mineral materials and lime enter a mixing unit;
the mixing unit comprises a mixing box body 112, a mixing shaft 19 and a mixing motor 110 are arranged in the mixing box body 112, one end of the mixing shaft 19 is connected with the mixing motor 110, the other end of the mixing shaft passes through the mixing box body 112 and is arranged in the mixing box body 112, a plurality of mixing blades 111 are arranged on the mixing shaft 19, a mixing feeding port 18 is arranged on the mixing box body 112, and the oxidant, zinc sulfate, sodium chloride, rhizopus and cultured bacillus citrobacter are fed from the mixing feeding port 18 and are mixed with ground and screened mineral materials and lime.
The feeding sorting mechanism 2 comprises a feeding sorting box body 215, a plowing unit, a feeding unit and a ploughing unit are arranged in the feeding sorting box body 215, the plowing unit and the ploughing unit are respectively positioned on two sides of the feeding unit, the plowing unit is adjacent to the connecting mechanism 3, and the feeding unit is positioned below the pretreatment mechanism 1;
the feeding mechanism comprises a material channel 27, a connecting bearing 28, a discharging channel 29, a spraying head 210, a belt 211 and a discharging motor 212, wherein a mixed discharging hole 25 is formed in the top of the material channel 27, the bottom of the material channel 27 is connected with the discharging channel 29 through the connecting bearing 28, the mixed discharging hole 25 is communicated with the mixing box body 112, a flow valve 26 is arranged on the material channel 27, the discharging motor 212 is fixed on the supporting frame 24 and is connected with the material channel 27 through the belt 211, the spraying head 210 is arranged at the bottom of the discharging channel 29, a plurality of spraying holes 216 are uniformly formed in the spraying head 210, and the mixed cadmium polluted soil remediation agent is sprayed out of the spraying holes 216 and uniformly falls onto the soil;
the plowing unit comprises a fixed frame 21, a reinforcing frame 22 and a coulter 23, the fixed frame 21 is fixed on the feeding material arranging box body 215, and the coulter 23 is fixed on the fixed frame 21 through the reinforcing frame 22;
the ploughing unit comprises a ploughing motor, a ploughing shaft 213 and a ploughing blade 214, one end of the ploughing shaft 213 is connected with the ploughing shaft 213, the other end of the ploughing shaft 213 penetrates through the feeding and sorting box body 215 and is arranged in the feeding and sorting box body 215, and the ploughing shaft 213 is provided with a plurality of ploughing blades 214.
After the grain amaranth and the wheat are respectively harvested, sampling and detecting the Cd content in each organ of the wheat and the soil. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 control of Cd content in wheat and soil in example 1
Figure GDA0003282288380000101
Example 2
The test area of this example was 2mg/kg Cd with an area of 1m23 groups of parallel groups are arranged in total.
The method for intercropping amaranth and wheat on the cadmium-polluted soil comprises the following steps: uniformly spreading a cadmium-polluted soil repairing agent on the surface of cadmium-polluted soil, then ploughing the cadmium-polluted soil to fully mix the cadmium-polluted soil repairing agent with the cadmium-polluted soil, completing the repairing of the cadmium-polluted soil after 5 days, uniformly intercropping the grain amaranth and the wheat on the repaired soil, adopting a compound fertilizer in the growth process of the grain amaranth and the wheat, and simultaneously harvesting the grain amaranth and the wheat after the wheat grains are mature.
The compound fertilizer is the combination of livestock manure, phosphate fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, and the mass ratio of the livestock manure, the phosphate fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer is 100: 6: 15: 18; the phosphate fertilizer is phosphorus pentoxide; the nitrogen fertilizer is ammonium sulfate; the potash fertilizer is potassium chloride. The dosage of the cadmium-polluted soil remediation agent is 20 kg/mu. The dosage of the compound fertilizer is 40 kg/mu.
The cadmium-polluted soil repairing agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1 part of citric acid bacillus, 1 part of rhizopus, 6 parts of potassium perchlorate, 10 parts of fly ash, 6 parts of kaolinite, 20 parts of lime, 5 parts of zinc sulfate, 6 parts of sodium chloride and 20 parts of acid liquor.
The acid solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2 parts of citric acid, 6 parts of malic acid, 6 parts of acetic acid and 200 parts of water.
The preparation method of the cadmium-polluted soil remediation agent comprises the following steps:
(1) activating and culturing the citrobacter, wherein the activating and culturing process is a conventional method and is not described again;
(2) grinding the mineral material and lime respectively, and then mixing the ground mineral material, the zinc sulfate, sodium chloride, rhizopus and the cultured citrobacter to obtain a dry material;
(3) and (3) uniformly mixing acid liquor with the dry material to obtain the cadmium-polluted soil remediation agent.
After the grain amaranth and the wheat are respectively harvested, sampling and detecting the Cd content in each organ of the wheat and the soil. The results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 control of Cd content in wheat and soil in example 2
Figure GDA0003282288380000111
Example 3
The test area of this example was 2mg/kg Cd with an area of 1m23 groups of parallel groups are arranged in total.
The method for intercropping amaranth and wheat on the cadmium-polluted soil comprises the following steps: uniformly spreading a cadmium-polluted soil repairing agent on the surface of cadmium-polluted soil, then ploughing the cadmium-polluted soil to fully mix the cadmium-polluted soil repairing agent with the cadmium-polluted soil, completing the repairing of the cadmium-polluted soil after 5 days, uniformly intercropping the grain amaranth and the wheat on the repaired soil, adopting a compound fertilizer in the growth process of the grain amaranth and the wheat, and simultaneously harvesting the grain amaranth and the wheat after the wheat grains are mature.
The compound fertilizer is the combination of livestock manure, phosphate fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, and the mass ratio of the livestock manure, the phosphate fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer is 100: 6: 15: 18; the phosphate fertilizer is phosphorus pentoxide; the nitrogen fertilizer is ammonium sulfate; the potash fertilizer is potassium chloride. The dosage of the cadmium-polluted soil remediation agent is 20 kg/mu. The dosage of the compound fertilizer is 40 kg/mu.
The cadmium-polluted soil repairing agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2 parts of citric acid bacillus, 3 parts of rhizopus, 6 parts of potassium perchlorate, 10 parts of fly ash, 6 parts of kaolinite, 20 parts of lime, 5 parts of zinc sulfate, 6 parts of sodium chloride and 20 parts of acid liquor.
The acid solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of citric acid, 6 parts of malic acid, 8 parts of acetic acid and 200 parts of water.
The preparation method of the cadmium-polluted soil remediation agent comprises the following steps:
(1) activating and culturing the citrobacter, wherein the activating and culturing process is a conventional method and is not described again;
(2) grinding the mineral material and lime respectively, and then mixing the ground mineral material, the zinc sulfate, sodium chloride, rhizopus and the cultured citrobacter to obtain a dry material;
(3) and (3) uniformly mixing acid liquor with the dry material to obtain the cadmium-polluted soil remediation agent.
After the grain amaranth and the wheat are respectively harvested, sampling and detecting the Cd content in each organ of the wheat and the soil. The results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 control of Cd content in wheat and soil in example 3
Figure GDA0003282288380000121
Example 4
The test area of this example was 2mg/kg Cd with an area of 1m23 groups of parallel groups are arranged in total.
The method for intercropping amaranth and wheat on the cadmium-polluted soil comprises the following steps: uniformly spreading a cadmium-polluted soil repairing agent on the surface of cadmium-polluted soil, then ploughing the cadmium-polluted soil to fully mix the cadmium-polluted soil repairing agent with the cadmium-polluted soil, completing the repairing of the cadmium-polluted soil after 5 days, uniformly intercropping the grain amaranth and the wheat on the repaired soil, adopting a compound fertilizer in the growth process of the grain amaranth and the wheat, and simultaneously harvesting the grain amaranth and the wheat after the wheat grains are mature.
The compound fertilizer is the combination of livestock manure, phosphate fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, and the mass ratio of the livestock manure, the phosphate fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer is 100: 6: 15: 18; the phosphate fertilizer is phosphorus pentoxide; the nitrogen fertilizer is ammonium sulfate; the potash fertilizer is potassium chloride. The dosage of the cadmium-polluted soil remediation agent is 20 kg/mu. The dosage of the compound fertilizer is 40 kg/mu.
The cadmium-polluted soil repairing agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1 part of citric acid bacillus, 1 part of rhizopus, 6 parts of potassium perchlorate, 10 parts of fly ash, 6 parts of kaolinite, 20 parts of lime, 5 parts of zinc sulfate, 6 parts of sodium chloride and 20 parts of acid liquor.
The acid solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of citric acid, 6 parts of malic acid, 8 parts of acetic acid and 200 parts of water.
The preparation method of the cadmium-polluted soil remediation agent comprises the following steps:
(1) activating and culturing the citrobacter, wherein the activating and culturing process is a conventional method and is not described again;
(2) grinding the mineral material and lime respectively, and then mixing the ground mineral material, the zinc sulfate, sodium chloride, rhizopus and the cultured citrobacter to obtain a dry material;
(3) and (3) uniformly mixing acid liquor with the dry material to obtain the cadmium-polluted soil remediation agent.
After the grain amaranth and the wheat are respectively harvested, sampling and detecting the Cd content in each organ of the wheat and the soil. The results are shown in Table 4.
Table 4 control of Cd content in wheat and soil in example 4
Figure GDA0003282288380000131
Comparative example 1
The test area of this example was 2mg/kg Cd with an area of 1m23 groups of parallel groups are arranged in total.
The method for intercropping amaranth and wheat on the cadmium-polluted soil comprises the following steps: uniformly spreading a cadmium-polluted soil repairing agent on the surface of cadmium-polluted soil, then ploughing the cadmium-polluted soil to fully mix the cadmium-polluted soil repairing agent with the cadmium-polluted soil, completing the repairing of the cadmium-polluted soil after 5 days, uniformly intercropping the grain amaranth and the wheat on the repaired soil, adopting a compound fertilizer in the growth process of the grain amaranth and the wheat, and simultaneously harvesting the grain amaranth and the wheat after the wheat grains are mature.
The compound fertilizer is the combination of livestock manure, phosphate fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, and the mass ratio of the livestock manure, the phosphate fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer is 100: 6: 15: 18; the phosphate fertilizer is phosphorus pentoxide; the nitrogen fertilizer is ammonium sulfate; the potash fertilizer is potassium chloride. The dosage of the cadmium-polluted soil remediation agent is 20 kg/mu. The dosage of the compound fertilizer is 40 kg/mu.
The cadmium-polluted soil repairing agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1 part of citric acid bacillus, 1 part of rhizopus, 6 parts of potassium perchlorate, 10 parts of fly ash, 6 parts of kaolinite, 20 parts of lime, 5 parts of zinc sulfate and 6 parts of sodium chloride.
The preparation method of the cadmium-polluted soil remediation agent comprises the following steps:
(1) activating and culturing the citrobacter, wherein the activating and culturing process is a conventional method and is not described again;
(2) and (2) grinding the mineral material and lime respectively, and then mixing the ground mineral material, an oxidant, zinc sulfate, sodium chloride, rhizopus and cultured bacillus citrobacter to obtain the cadmium-polluted soil remediation agent.
After the grain amaranth and the wheat are respectively harvested, sampling and detecting the Cd content in each organ of the wheat and the soil. The results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 5 control of Cd content in wheat and soil in comparative example 1
Figure GDA0003282288380000141
Comparative example 2
The test area of this example was 2mg/kg Cd with an area of 1m23 groups of parallel groups are arranged in total.
The method for intercropping amaranth and wheat on the cadmium-polluted soil comprises the following steps: uniformly spreading a cadmium-polluted soil repairing agent on the surface of cadmium-polluted soil, then ploughing the cadmium-polluted soil to fully mix the cadmium-polluted soil repairing agent with the cadmium-polluted soil, completing the repairing of the cadmium-polluted soil after 5 days, uniformly intercropping the grain amaranth and the wheat on the repaired soil, adopting a compound fertilizer in the growth process of the grain amaranth and the wheat, and simultaneously harvesting the grain amaranth and the wheat after the wheat grains are mature.
The compound fertilizer is the combination of livestock manure, phosphate fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, and the mass ratio of the livestock manure, the phosphate fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer is 100: 6: 15: 18; the phosphate fertilizer is phosphorus pentoxide; the nitrogen fertilizer is ammonium sulfate; the potash fertilizer is potassium chloride. The dosage of the cadmium-polluted soil remediation agent is 20 kg/mu. The dosage of the compound fertilizer is 40 kg/mu.
The cadmium-polluted soil repairing agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 6 parts of potassium perchlorate, 10 parts of fly ash, 6 parts of kaolinite, 20 parts of lime, 5 parts of zinc sulfate and 6 parts of sodium chloride.
The preparation method of the cadmium-polluted soil remediation agent comprises the following steps: and (3) grinding the mineral material and lime respectively, and then mixing the ground mineral material and lime with an oxidant, zinc sulfate and sodium chloride to obtain the cadmium-polluted soil remediation agent.
After the grain amaranth and the wheat are respectively harvested, sampling and detecting the Cd content in each organ of the wheat and the soil. The results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 5 control of Cd content in wheat and soil in comparative example 1
Figure GDA0003282288380000151
Comparative example 3
The test area of this example was 2mg/kg Cd with an area of 1m23 groups of parallel groups are arranged in total.
The method for intercropping amaranth and wheat on the cadmium-polluted soil comprises the following steps: uniformly intercropping the grain amaranth and the wheat on the surface of the cadmium-polluted soil, adopting a compound fertilizer in the growth process of the grain amaranth and the wheat, and harvesting the grain amaranth and the wheat simultaneously after wheat grains are mature.
The compound fertilizer is the combination of livestock manure, phosphate fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, and the mass ratio of the livestock manure, the phosphate fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer is 100: 6: 15: 18; the phosphate fertilizer is phosphorus pentoxide; the nitrogen fertilizer is ammonium sulfate; the potash fertilizer is potassium chloride. The dosage of the compound fertilizer is 40 kg/mu.
After the grain amaranth and the wheat are respectively harvested, sampling and detecting the Cd content in each organ of the wheat and the soil. The results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 7 control of Cd content in wheat and soil in comparative example 3
Figure GDA0003282288380000161
According to the Cd contents of various organs of the wheat in the embodiments 1-4 and the comparative examples 1-3, the Cd content in the wheat grains is obviously reduced by using the cadmium-polluted soil repairing agent, the cadmium-polluted soil repairing agent can effectively inhibit the Cd absorption of the wheat, meanwhile, the bacteria, the acid liquor and the compound fertilizer all have obvious inhibition effects on the Cd absorption of the wheat, and the quality of the wheat can be improved by intercropping the grain amaranth and the wheat.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (6)

1. A method for intercropping grain amaranth and wheat on cadmium-polluted soil is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: uniformly spreading a cadmium-polluted soil repairing agent on the surface of cadmium-polluted soil, then ploughing the cadmium-polluted soil to fully mix the cadmium-polluted soil repairing agent with the cadmium-polluted soil, completing the repairing of the cadmium-polluted soil after 3-5 days, uniformly intercropping amaranth and wheat on the repaired soil, adopting a compound fertilizer in the growing process of the amaranth and the wheat, and simultaneously harvesting the amaranth and the wheat after wheat grains are mature;
the method uses a plowing device for feeding and finishing the soil, the plowing device uniformly spreads the cadmium-polluted soil repairing agent on the surface of the cadmium-polluted soil, and then plows the cadmium-polluted soil to fully mix the cadmium-polluted soil repairing agent and the cadmium-polluted soil;
the tillage device for soil feeding and sorting comprises a pretreatment mechanism, a feeding and sorting mechanism and a connecting mechanism, wherein the pretreatment mechanism is fixed on the feeding and sorting mechanism, and the connecting mechanism is fixed on one side of the feeding and sorting mechanism;
the pretreatment mechanism comprises a grinding unit and a mixing unit, wherein the grinding unit is positioned above the mixing unit;
the grinding unit comprises a grinding box body, grinding stones, a grinding shaft and a grinding motor, the grinding box body is fixed on the mixing unit, a grinding cavity is formed in the grinding box body, the grinding stones are located in the grinding cavity and matched with the grinding cavity, one end of the grinding shaft is connected with the grinding motor, the other end of the grinding shaft penetrates through the grinding stones, a plurality of grinding feeding ports are formed in the grinding box body, the grinding feeding ports are communicated with the grinding cavity, a grinding discharge port is formed in the bottom of the grinding box body, one end of the grinding discharge port is communicated with the grinding cavity, the other end of the grinding discharge port is communicated with the mixing unit, and a screen is arranged in the grinding discharge port;
the mixing unit comprises a mixing box body, a mixing shaft and a mixing motor are arranged in the mixing box body, one end of the mixing shaft is connected with the mixing motor, the other end of the mixing shaft penetrates through the mixing box body and is arranged in the mixing box body, a plurality of mixing blades are arranged on the mixing shaft, and a mixing feeding port is formed in the mixing box body; the feeding and arranging mechanism comprises a feeding and arranging box body, a plowing unit, a feeding unit and a ploughing unit are arranged in the feeding and arranging box body, the plowing unit and the ploughing unit are respectively positioned on two sides of the feeding unit, the plowing unit is adjacent to the connecting mechanism, and the feeding unit is positioned below the preprocessing mechanism;
the feeding mechanism comprises a material channel, a connecting bearing, a discharging channel, a spraying head, a belt and a discharging motor, wherein a mixed discharging hole is formed in the top of the material channel, the bottom of the material channel is connected with the discharging channel through the connecting bearing, the mixed discharging hole is communicated with the mixing box body, a flow valve is arranged on the material channel, the discharging motor is fixed on a support frame and is connected with the material channel through the belt, the spraying head is arranged at the bottom of the discharging channel, and a plurality of spraying holes are uniformly formed in the spraying head;
the plowing unit comprises a fixed frame, a reinforcing frame and a coulter, the fixed frame is fixed on the feeding and sorting box body, and the coulter is fixed on the fixed frame through the reinforcing frame;
the plowing unit comprises a plowing motor, a plowing shaft and plowing blades, one end of the plowing shaft is connected with the plowing shaft, the other end of the plowing shaft penetrates through the feeding and sorting box body and is placed in the feeding and sorting box body, and the plowing shaft is provided with a plurality of plowing blades;
the cadmium-polluted soil repairing agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
Figure FDA0003282288370000021
Figure FDA0003282288370000031
2. the method for intercropping amaranth and wheat on cadmium-contaminated soil according to claim 1, wherein: the compound fertilizer is the combination of livestock manure, phosphate fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, and the mass ratio of the livestock manure, the phosphate fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer is 100: 5-10: 10-30: 10-30; the phosphate fertilizer is phosphorus pentoxide; the nitrogen fertilizer is ammonium sulfate; the potash fertilizer is potassium chloride.
3. The method for intercropping amaranth and wheat on cadmium-contaminated soil according to claim 1, wherein: the dosage of the cadmium-polluted soil remediation agent is 5-30 kg/mu; the dosage of the compound fertilizer is 40-50 kg/mu.
4. The method for intercropping amaranth and wheat on cadmium-contaminated soil according to claim 1, wherein: the oxidant is at least one of potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, sodium hypochlorite, potassium perchlorate or potassium permanganate; the mineral material is at least one of fly ash, montmorillonite or kaolinite.
5. The method for intercropping amaranth and wheat on cadmium-contaminated soil according to claim 1, wherein: the acid solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-5 parts of citric acid, 5-10 parts of malic acid, 5-10 parts of acetic acid and 500 parts of water.
6. The method for intercropping amaranth and wheat on cadmium-contaminated soil according to claim 1, wherein: the preparation method of the cadmium-polluted soil remediation agent comprises the following steps:
(1) activating and culturing the citrobacter;
(2) grinding the mineral material and lime respectively, and then mixing the ground mineral material, the zinc sulfate, sodium chloride, rhizopus and the cultured citrobacter to obtain a dry material;
(3) and (3) uniformly mixing acid liquor with the dry material to obtain the cadmium-polluted soil remediation agent.
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