CN111592363A - 一种陶瓷加热器及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种陶瓷加热器及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111592363A CN111592363A CN202010303239.1A CN202010303239A CN111592363A CN 111592363 A CN111592363 A CN 111592363A CN 202010303239 A CN202010303239 A CN 202010303239A CN 111592363 A CN111592363 A CN 111592363A
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 172
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 80
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 54
- 235000015895 biscuits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000009694 cold isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 57
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 56
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 56
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 56
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 55
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 55
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 55
- 235000020610 powder formula Nutrition 0.000 description 27
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 235000013350 formula milk Nutrition 0.000 description 20
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 19
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 7
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000035622 drinking Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008236 heating water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- GLVGLXXAZUYQQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium lanthanum(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [Li+].[O--].[O--].[La+3] GLVGLXXAZUYQQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种陶瓷加热器及其制备方法。首次提出利用碳化钨为主要成分制备发热元件,将其嵌入在以氮化硅为主要成分基中,使相互贴合的所述基体与发热元件热膨胀系数相近,可以有效减少使用时两者的热应力,进而延长加热器的使用寿命,且该发热元件可耐高温,通电后10‑30s,发热体表面温度不低于800℃,可高达1100℃,比普通的钨丝耐温性好,抗弯强度高于800MPa,强度高,其中基体具有高的耐酸碱腐蚀性,其耐腐蚀能力远远高于金属基体,其热导率大于30W/(m·K),热传递性能好,有利于加热器根本性能的发挥。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及陶瓷加热器,具体涉及一种陶瓷加热器及其制备方法。
背景技术
陶瓷加热器,由陶瓷基体和加热电阻两部分组成,现阶段陶瓷基体主要是氧化铝、氮化硅、氮化铝等烧结工艺成熟的无机非金属材料,而加热电阻主要选取金属钨制成加热丝或者薄膜、厚膜。两者通过将加热电阻图案铺设到陶瓷基体上并经热压烧结实现两者的连接。
但该种陶瓷加热器耐受性差,其中的加热丝与基体在一定高温下,在遇到高电流或使用数次后,极易在基体内部造成裂纹,使其使用寿命大幅度降低,不利于陶瓷加热器的推广。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种陶瓷加热器及其制备方法。
根据本发明的一个方面,提供了一种陶瓷加热器,包括基体及发热元件,所述发热元件嵌入在所述基体中,
其中,
所述基体以氮化硅为主要成分,所述发热元件以碳化钨为主要成分。
本发明通过高导热氮化硅作为基体以提高热传递性能,利用碳化钨为主要成分制备发热元件,使相互贴合的所述基体与发热元件热膨胀系数相近,可以有效减少使用时两者的热应力,进而延长加热器的使用寿命。
进一步的,所述发热元件包括直接在一起的发热体、引线部或通过连接部连接在一起的发热体、引线部。
其中,所述发热元件以重量计,包括碳化钨60-80份,氮化硅16-35份,
所述基体以重量计,包括氮化硅80-91份,碳化钨2-6份。
进一步的,发热体以重量计,包括碳化钨60-68份,氮化硅25-35份,
连接部以重量计,包括碳化钨66-76份,氮化硅20-30份,
引线部以重量计,包括碳化钨70-80份,氮化硅16-27份。
进一步的,所述发热元件以重量计,还包括金属氧化物2-4份,
所述基体以重量计,还包括金属氧化物6-14份,
其中,所述金属氧化物均包括稀土氧化物、碱金属氧化物、碱土金属氧化物的多种。
进一步的,所述基体以重量计,包括稀土氧化物3-7份、碱金属氧化物或碱土金属氧化物3-7份,
所述发热元件以重量计,包括稀土氧化物1-2份、碱金属氧化物或碱土金属氧化物1-2份。
其中,所述稀土氧化物包括氧化钇、氧化铈、氧化镧的至少一种,所述碱土金属氧化物包括氧化镁,碱金属氧化物包括氧化锂。
进一步的,所述发热元件的抗弯强度大于800MPa,基体的热导率大于30W/(m·K)。
根据本发明的另一个方面,提供了一种根据上述任一所述的陶瓷加热器的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将发热元件粉料混合,制备发热元件的泥坯;
将所述发热元件的泥坯置于盛有部分基体粉料的干压模具中,加入剩余基体粉料,在10-40吨的压力下进行一次压制,然后再经过冷等静压进行二次压制,得加热器素坯;
将所述加热器素坯在气氛压力下烧结即得。
其中,烧结温度为1700℃-1800℃,烧结时压力要求为2-10MPa。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
1、本发明示例的陶瓷加热器,首次提出利用碳化钨为主要成分制备发热元件,将其嵌入在以氮化硅为主要成分基中,使相互贴合的所述基体与发热元件热膨胀系数相近,可以有效减少使用时两者的热应力,进而提高加热器的使用寿命一倍以上,且该发热元件可耐高温,通电后10-30s,发热体表面温度不低于800℃,可高达1100℃,比普通的钨丝耐温性好,抗弯强度高于800MPa,强度高,其中基体具有高的耐酸碱腐蚀性,其耐腐蚀能力远远高于金属基体,其热导率大于30W/(m·K),热传递性能好,有利于加热器根本性能的发挥。
2、本发明示例的陶瓷加热器的制备方法,通过配料及工艺的配合,实现气压烧结,有利于大规模化烧制,相比于热压烧结,大大降低了生产成本,且操作简单。
附图说明
图1为本发明陶瓷加热器结构一的示意图;
图2为本发明陶瓷加热器结构二的示意图,
图中,1基体,2发热体,3引线部,4连接部。
具体实施方式
为了解决现有陶瓷加热器的加热丝与基体在一定高温下,在遇到高电流或使用数次后,加热丝极易在基体内部造成裂纹,导致陶瓷加热器耐受性差的问题。本发明以氮化硅为主要成分制备基体1,以碳化钨为主要成分制备发热元件,将所述发热元件嵌入在所述基体1中制备本发明的陶瓷加热器,提供了一种使用寿命长,安全可靠耐高温的陶瓷加热器。
其中,所述发热元件包括直接在一起的发热体2、引线部3或通过连接部4连接在一起的发热体2、引线部3,具体结构如图1、2所示。
所述陶瓷加热器的配料包括粉料及添加剂(包括增塑剂、粘结剂、润滑剂等原料),其中粉料由以下重量份的原料制成:
组成 | 氮化硅 | 碳化钨 | 氧化钇 | 氧化镁 |
基体 | 80-91 | 2-6 | 3-7 | 3-7 |
发热体 | 25-35 | 60-68 | 1-2 | 1-2 |
连接部 | 20-30 | 66-76 | 1-2 | 1-2 |
引线 | 16-27 | 70-80 | 1-2 | 1-2 |
所述氮化硅陶瓷加热器的具体制备过程为:
S1、按一定配方比例进行基本粉料的原料配制,混料10h-24h,放入烘箱中烘干,80-160PMa下冷等静压造粒,过50目筛备用。
S2、按一定配方比例分别进行发热体、连接部及引线或发热体及连接部粉料的配制,混料20h-30h,放入烘箱中烘干,过300目筛备用。
S3、将步骤S2所得粉料在研钵中进行泥料的制作,加入粉料总量为15%—25%的粘结剂、塑性剂、润滑剂、去离子水的混合物,揉成面团状,沉浮24小时备用。
S4、通过挤出或刻制成型将发热体泥料成型在制好的模具中,得发热体的泥坯。
S5、通过挤出或刻制成型连接部及引线或引线的泥坯,将其配置在装有发热体的模具中,形成发热元件的泥坯。
S6、按加热器外形设计金属干压模具,将步骤S1基体粉料的一半放入模具中,刮平粉料,放入步骤S5所得发热元件的泥坯,再放入剩余基体粉料,在10-40吨的压力下进行压制,然后再经过冷等静压进行压制。
S7、将压制好的加热器素坯在气氛压力下烧结,烧结温度为1700℃-1800℃,压力为2-10MPa,即得陶瓷加热器。
同时调节加热电阻的电阻率,在加热器功率一定的情况下,可以适当减小加热电阻长度或者增大直径,易于成型,实现使用挤压、干压成型工艺制备陶瓷加热器。
本发明陶瓷加热器可广泛应用于高速柴油机、高温点火装置、石油类介质点火、燃气点火、预热器点火等装置以及广泛应用于直热及贮水式、节能快热式电热水器,快热式液体加热、电暖、冷热饮机、空调加热器,直热水龙头、恒温器、蒸气发生器等家用、工业、商务用电热器行业,以高熔点、耐高温且具有金属性质的导电材料碳化钨粉末作为发热源,进而缩小基体与发热体热膨胀系数的差距。
为了更好的了解本发明的技术方案,下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例一
陶瓷加热器粉料配方体系:
发热元件由发热电阻体和引线两部分组成。
陶瓷加热器的制备过程为:
S1、基体粉料制备:按实施例一粉料配方体系进行基体的混料。在球磨机里加入无水乙醇混料24小时,烘干,在120Pma下进行冷等静压造粒,过50目晒待用。
S2、发热体泥料制备:按实施例一中配方进行发热体粉料配方体系的混合,在球磨机里加入无水乙醇混料24小时,烘干,过300目晒。将混好的粉料加入一定量的粘结剂、增塑剂以及润滑剂、去离子水鞣制成膏状,沉浮24小时待用,其中,粘结剂、塑性剂、润滑剂、去离子水的总量占粉料总量的15%,粘结剂、塑性剂、润滑剂、去离子水的质量比为1:1:3:10。
S3、引线泥料制备:按实施例一中配方进行引线粉料配方体系的混合,在球磨机里加入无水乙醇混料24小时,烘干,过300目晒。将混好的粉料加入一定量的粘结剂、增塑剂以及润滑剂、去离子水鞣制成膏状,沉浮24小时待用,其中,粘结剂、塑性剂、润滑剂、去离子水的总量占粉料总量的15%,粘结剂、塑性剂、润滑剂、去离子水的质量比为1:1:3:10。
S4、发热体图案成型制备:通过特制的工装,对发热体泥料进行挤压成型,成型在预定的磨具内,然后对引线的泥料进行挤压成型,与发热体部分重叠并固定在特制的磨具内,形成发热元件的泥坯(发热体图案),对发热体图案进行干燥。
S5、加热器素坯制备:先将基体粉料的一半倒入金属模具中,刮平,然后放入事先准备好的发热体图案,再将另一半粉料倒入模具中,在20吨的干压机上压制,然后脱模,取出素坯再进行冷等静压压制,素坯待烧。
S6、加热器素坯在温度为1750℃,压力为4MPa,保温2小时下进行气压烧结。
S7、在炉温低于200℃时将坯体取出,经过加工,与外导线进行连接,得到所需要的高性能陶瓷加热器。
经检验,所得高性能加热器技术指标为:抗弯强度为820MPa,断裂韧性为9MPa.m1/2,维氏硬度为1450,通电后10-30s,发热体表面温度达到800℃。根据实际需要,可调节发热体粗细和长短,从而调节发热体电阻,进而调节发热体功率。
实施例二
氮化硅陶瓷加热器粉料配方体系:
组成 | 氮化硅 | 碳化钨 | 氧化钇 | 氧化镁 |
基体 | 89% | 3% | 4% | 4% |
发热体 | 35% | 61% | 2% | 2% |
引线 | 27% | 70% | 1.5% | 1.5% |
发热元件由发热电阻体和引线两部分组成。
陶瓷加热器的制备过程为:
步骤S1-S5如实例一中的S1-S5所述。
S6、素坯烧结温度为1780℃,压力为6MPa,保温1.5小时下进行气压烧结。
S7、在炉温低于200℃时将坯体取出,经过加工,与外导线进行连接,得到所需要的高性能陶瓷加热器。
经检测,所得高性能加热器技术指标为:抗弯强度为810MPa,断裂韧性为8.6MPa.m1/2,维氏硬度为1500,通电后10-30s,发热体表面温度达到1000℃。
根据实际需要,可调节发热体粗细和长短,从而调节发热体电阻,进而调节发热体功率。
实施例三
陶瓷加热器粉料配方体系:
组成 | 氮化硅 | 碳化钨 | 氧化钇 | 氧化镁 |
基体 | 91% | 2% | 4% | 3% |
发热体 | 35% | 61% | 2% | 2% |
连接部 | 30% | 66.6% | 1.7% | 1.7% |
引线 | 25% | 72% | 1.5% | 1.5% |
发热元件由发热电阻体、连接部和引线三部分组成。
陶瓷加热器的制备过程为:
S1、基体粉料制备:按实施例一粉料配方体系进行基体的混料。在球磨机里加入无水乙醇混料24小时,烘干,在140Pma下进行冷等静压造粒,过50目晒待用。
S2、发热体泥料制备:按实施例一中配方进行发热体粉料配方体系的混合,在球磨机里加入无水乙醇混料24小时,烘干,过300目晒。将混好的粉料加入一定量的粘结剂、增塑剂以及润滑剂、去离子水鞣制成膏状,沉浮24小时待用,其中,粘结剂、塑性剂、润滑剂、去离子水的总量占粉料总量的20%,粘结剂、塑性剂、润滑剂、去离子水的质量比为1:1.2:3:10。
S3、引线泥料制备:按实施例一中配方进行引线粉料配方体系的混合,在球磨机里加入无水乙醇混料24小时,烘干,过300目晒。将混好的粉料加入一定量的粘结剂、增塑剂以及润滑剂、去离子水鞣制成膏状,沉浮24小时待用,其中,粘结剂、塑性剂、润滑剂、去离子水的总量占粉料总量的19%,粘结剂、塑性剂、润滑剂、去离子水的质量比为1.1:1:3:10。
S4、连接部泥料制备:按实施例一中配方进行连接部粉料配方体系的混合,在球磨机里加入无水乙醇混料24小时,烘干,过300目晒。将混好的粉料加入一定量的粘结剂、增塑剂以及润滑剂、去离子水鞣制成膏状,沉浮24小时待用,其中,粘结剂、塑性剂、润滑剂、去离子水的总量占粉料总量的20%,粘结剂、塑性剂、润滑剂、去离子水的质量比为1:1.2:3:10。
S5、发热体图案成型制备:通过特制的工装,对发热体泥料进行挤压成型,成型在预定的磨具内,然后对引线、连接部的泥料进行挤压成型,与发热体部分重叠并固定在特制的磨具内,形成发热元件的泥坯(发热体图案),对发热体图案进行干燥;
S6、加热器素坯制备:先将基体粉料的一半倒入金属模具中,刮平,然后放入事先准备好的发热体图案,再将另一半粉料倒入模具中,在40吨的干压机上压制,然后脱模,取出素坯再进行冷等静压压制,素坯待烧;
S7、素坯烧结温度为1800℃,压力为6MPa,保温1.5小时下进行气压烧结;
S8、在炉温低于200℃时将坯体取出,经过加工,与外导线进行连接,得到所需要的高性能陶瓷加热器。
经检测,所得高性能加热器技术指标为:抗弯强度为850MPa,断裂韧性为8MPa.m1/2,维氏硬度为1560,通电后10-30s,发热体表面温度达到1100℃。
根据实际需要,可调节发热体粗细和长短,从而调节发热体电阻,进而调节发热体功率。
实施例四
陶瓷加热器粉料配方体系:
组成 | 氮化硅 | 碳化钨 | 氧化钇 | 氧化镁 |
基体 | 80% | 6% | 7% | 7% |
发热体 | 29% | 68% | 1.5% | 1.5% |
引线 | 16% | 80% | 2% | 2% |
发热元件由发热电阻体和引线两部分组成。
陶瓷加热器的制备过程为:
S1、基体粉料制备:按实施例一粉料配方体系进行基体的混料。在球磨机里加入无水乙醇混料10小时,烘干,在160Pma下进行冷等静压造粒,过50目晒待用。
S2、发热体泥料制备:按实施例一中配方进行发热体粉料配方体系的混合,在球磨机里加入无水乙醇混料20小时,烘干,过300目晒。将混好的粉料加入一定量的粘结剂、增塑剂以及润滑剂、去离子水鞣制成膏状,沉浮24小时待用,其中,粘结剂、塑性剂、润滑剂、去离子水的总量占粉料总量的17%,粘结剂、塑性剂、润滑剂、去离子水的质量比为1.1:1.1:3:10。
S3、引线泥料制备:按实施例一中配方进行引线粉料配方体系的混合,在球磨机里加入无水乙醇混料20小时,烘干,过300目晒。将混好的粉料加入一定量的粘结剂、增塑剂以及润滑剂、去离子水鞣制成膏状,沉浮24小时待用,其中,粘结剂、塑性剂、润滑剂、去离子水的总量占粉料总量的17%,粘结剂、塑性剂、润滑剂、去离子水的质量比为1.1:1.1:3:10。
S4、发热体图案成型制备:通过特制的工装,对发热体泥料进行挤压成型,成型在预定的磨具内,然后对引线的泥料进行挤压成型,与发热体部分重叠并固定在特制的磨具内,形成发热元件的泥坯(发热体图案),对发热体图案进行干燥。
S5、加热器素坯制备:先将基体粉料的一半倒入金属模具中,刮平,然后放入事先准备好的发热体图案,再将另一半粉料倒入模具中,在30吨的干压机上压制,然后脱模,取出素坯再进行冷等静压压制,素坯待烧。
S6、加热器素坯在温度为1700℃,压力为10MPa,保温1.5小时下进行气压烧结。
S7、在炉温低于180℃时将坯体取出,经过加工,与外导线进行连接,得到所需要的高性能陶瓷加热器。
实施例五
陶瓷加热器粉料配方体系:
组成 | 氮化硅 | 碳化钨 | 氧化钇 | 氧化镁 |
基体 | 90% | 4% | 3% | 3% |
发热体 | 33% | 65% | 1% | 1% |
引线 | 23% | 75% | 1% | 1% |
发热元件由发热电阻体和引线两部分组成。
陶瓷加热器的制备过程为:
S1、基体粉料制备:按实施例一粉料配方体系进行基体的混料。在球磨机里加入无水乙醇混料20小时,烘干,过50目晒待用。
S2、发热体泥料制备:按实施例一中配方进行发热体粉料配方体系的混合,在球磨机里加入无水乙醇混料30小时,烘干,过300目晒。将混好的粉料加入一定量的粘结剂、增塑剂以及润滑剂、去离子水鞣制成膏状,沉浮24小时待用,其中,粘结剂、塑性剂、润滑剂、去离子水的总量占粉料总量的25%,粘结剂、塑性剂、润滑剂、去离子水的质量比为1:1.2:3:11。
S3、引线泥料制备:按实施例一中配方进行引线粉料配方体系的混合,在球磨机里加入无水乙醇混料30小时,烘干,过300目晒。将混好的粉料加入一定量的粘结剂、增塑剂以及润滑剂、去离子水鞣制成膏状,沉浮24小时待用,其中,粘结剂、塑性剂、润滑剂、去离子水的总量占粉料总量的25%,粘结剂、塑性剂、润滑剂、去离子水的质量比为1:1.2:3:11。
S4、发热体图案成型制备:通过特制的工装,对发热体泥料进行挤压成型,成型在预定的磨具内,然后对引线的泥料进行挤压成型,与发热体部分重叠并固定在特制的磨具内,形成发热元件的泥坯(发热体图案),对发热体图案进行干燥;
S5、加热器素坯制备:先将基体粉料的一半倒入金属模具中,刮平,然后放入事先准备好的发热体图案,再将另一半粉料倒入模具中,在30吨的干压机上压制,然后脱模,取出素坯再进行冷等静压压制,素坯待烧;
S6、加热器素坯在温度为1750℃,压力为2-3MPa,保温2.5小时下进行气压烧结;
S7、在炉温低于210℃时将坯体取出,经过加工,与外导线进行连接,得到所需要的高性能陶瓷加热器。
实施例六
陶瓷加热器粉料配方体系:
组成 | 氮化硅 | 碳化钨 | 氧化钇 | 氧化镁 |
基体 | 85% | 5% | 5% | 5% |
发热体 | 32% | 64% | 2% | 2% |
连接部 | 30% | 66% | 2% | 2% |
引线 | 23% | 73% | 2% | 2% |
发热元件由发热电阻体、连接部和引线三部分组成。
陶瓷加热器的制备过程为:
S1、基体粉料制备:按实施例一粉料配方体系进行基体的混料。在球磨机里加入无水乙醇混料15小时,烘干,在100Pma下进行冷等静压造粒,过50目晒待用。
S2、发热体泥料制备:按实施例一中配方进行发热体粉料配方体系的混合,在球磨机里加入无水乙醇混料25小时,烘干,过300目晒。将混好的粉料加入一定量的粘结剂、增塑剂以及润滑剂、去离子水鞣制成膏状,沉浮24小时待用,其中,粘结剂、塑性剂、润滑剂、去离子水的总量占粉料总量的16%,粘结剂、塑性剂、润滑剂、去离子水的质量比为1:1:3:10。
S3、引线泥料制备:按实施例一中配方进行引线粉料配方体系的混合,在球磨机里加入无水乙醇混料25小时,烘干,过300目晒。将混好的粉料加入一定量的粘结剂、增塑剂以及润滑剂、去离子水鞣制成膏状,沉浮24小时待用,其中,粘结剂、塑性剂、润滑剂、去离子水的总量占粉料总量的16%,粘结剂、塑性剂、润滑剂、去离子水的质量比为1:1:3:10。
S4、连接部泥料制备:按实施例一中配方进行连接部粉料配方体系的混合,在球磨机里加入无水乙醇混料25小时,烘干,过300目晒。将混好的粉料加入一定量的粘结剂、增塑剂以及润滑剂、去离子水鞣制成膏状,沉浮24小时待用,其中,粘结剂、塑性剂、润滑剂、去离子水的总量占粉料总量的16%,粘结剂、塑性剂、润滑剂、去离子水的质量比为1:1:3:10。
S5、发热体图案成型制备:通过特制的工装,对发热体泥料进行挤压成型,成型在预定的磨具内,然后对引线、连接部的泥料进行挤压成型,与发热体部分重叠并固定在特制的磨具内,形成发热元件的泥坯(发热体图案),对发热体图案进行干燥;
S6、加热器素坯制备:先将基体粉料的一半倒入金属模具中,刮平,然后放入事先准备好的发热体图案,再将另一半粉料倒入模具中,在30吨的干压机上压制,然后脱模,取出素坯再进行冷等静压压制,素坯待烧;
S7、素坯烧结温度为1800℃,压力为6MPa,保温2小时下进行气压烧结;
S8、在炉温低于200℃时将坯体取出,经过加工,与外导线进行连接,得到所需要的高性能陶瓷加热器。
实施例七
陶瓷加热器粉料配方体系:
组成 | 氮化硅 | 碳化钨 | 氧化钇 | 氧化镁 |
基体 | 85% | 4% | 6% | 5% |
发热体 | 35% | 61% | 2% | 2% |
连接部 | 20% | 76% | 2% | 2% |
引线 | 22.4% | 74% | 1.8% | 1.8% |
发热元件由发热电阻体、连接部和引线三部分组成。
陶瓷加热器的制备过程为:
S1、基体粉料制备:按实施例一粉料配方体系进行基体的混料。在球磨机里加入无水乙醇混料24小时,烘干,在80Pma下进行冷等静压造粒,过50目晒待用。
S2、发热体泥料制备:按实施例一中配方进行发热体粉料配方体系的混合,在球磨机里加入无水乙醇混料24小时,烘干,过300目晒。将混好的粉料加入一定量的粘结剂、增塑剂以及润滑剂、去离子水鞣制成膏状,沉浮24小时待用,其中,粘结剂、塑性剂、润滑剂、去离子水的总量占粉料总量的17%,粘结剂、塑性剂、润滑剂、去离子水的质量比为1.1:1:3:10。
S3、引线泥料制备:按实施例一中配方进行引线粉料配方体系的混合,在球磨机里加入无水乙醇混料24小时,烘干,过300目晒。将混好的粉料加入一定量的粘结剂、增塑剂以及润滑剂、去离子水鞣制成膏状,沉浮24小时待用,其中,粘结剂、塑性剂、润滑剂、去离子水的总量占粉料总量的17%,粘结剂、塑性剂、润滑剂、去离子水的质量比为1.1:1:3:10。
S4、连接部泥料制备:按实施例一中配方进行连接部粉料配方体系的混合,在球磨机里加入无水乙醇混料24小时,烘干,过300目晒。将混好的粉料加入一定量的粘结剂、增塑剂以及润滑剂、去离子水鞣制成膏状,沉浮24小时待用,其中,粘结剂、塑性剂、润滑剂、去离子水的总量占粉料总量的17%,粘结剂、塑性剂、润滑剂、去离子水的质量比为1.1:1:3:10。
S5、发热体图案成型制备:通过特制的工装,对发热体泥料进行挤压成型,成型在预定的磨具内,然后对引线、连接部的泥料进行挤压成型,与发热体部分重叠并固定在特制的磨具内,形成发热元件的泥坯(发热体图案),对发热体图案进行干燥。
S6、加热器素坯制备:先将基体粉料的一半倒入金属模具中,刮平,然后放入事先准备好的发热体图案,再将另一半粉料倒入模具中,在30吨的干压机上压制,然后脱模,取出素坯再进行冷等静压压制,素坯待烧。
S7、素坯烧结温度为1750℃,压力为7MPa,保温2小时下进行气压烧结。
S8、在炉温低于200℃时将坯体取出,经过加工,与外导线进行连接,得到所需要的高性能陶瓷加热器。
实施例八
氮化硅陶瓷加热器粉料配方体系:
组成 | 氮化硅 | 碳化钨 | 氧化镧 | 氧化锂 |
基体 | 88% | 4% | 4% | 4% |
发热体 | 30% | 66% | 2% | 2% |
引线 | 25% | 72% | 1.5% | 1.5% |
发热元件由发热电阻体和引线两部分组成。
陶瓷加热器的制备过程为:
步骤S1-S5如实例一中的S1-S5所述。
S6、素坯烧结温度为1770℃,压力为5MPa,保温2小时下进行气压烧结。
S7、在炉温低于200℃时将坯体取出,经过加工,与外导线进行连接,得到所需要的高性能陶瓷加热器。
实施例九
陶瓷加热器粉料配方体系:
发热元件由发热电阻体、连接部和引线三部分组成。
陶瓷加热器的制备过程为:
S1、基体粉料制备:按实施例一粉料配方体系进行基体的混料。在球磨机里加入无水乙醇混料15小时,烘干,在120Pma下进行冷等静压造粒,过50目晒待用。
S2、发热体泥料制备:按实施例一中配方进行发热体粉料配方体系的混合,在球磨机里加入无水乙醇混料25小时,烘干,过300目晒。将混好的粉料加入一定量的粘结剂、增塑剂以及润滑剂、去离子水鞣制成膏状,沉浮24小时待用,其中,粘结剂、塑性剂、润滑剂、去离子水的总量占粉料总量的18%,粘结剂、塑性剂、润滑剂、去离子水的质量比为1:1:3:10。
S3、引线泥料制备:按实施例一中配方进行引线粉料配方体系的混合,在球磨机里加入无水乙醇混料25小时,烘干,过300目晒。将混好的粉料加入一定量的粘结剂、增塑剂以及润滑剂、去离子水鞣制成膏状,沉浮24小时待用,其中,粘结剂、塑性剂、润滑剂、去离子水的总量占粉料总量的18%,粘结剂、塑性剂、润滑剂、去离子水的质量比为1:1:3:10。
S4、连接部泥料制备:按实施例一中配方进行连接部粉料配方体系的混合,在球磨机里加入无水乙醇混料25小时,烘干,过300目晒。将混好的粉料加入一定量的粘结剂、增塑剂以及润滑剂、去离子水鞣制成膏状,沉浮24小时待用,其中,粘结剂、塑性剂、润滑剂、去离子水的总量占粉料总量的18%,粘结剂、塑性剂、润滑剂、去离子水的质量比为1:1:3:10。
S5、发热体图案成型制备:通过特制的工装,对发热体泥料进行挤压成型,成型在预定的磨具内,然后对引线、连接部的泥料进行挤压成型,与发热体部分重叠并固定在特制的磨具内,形成发热元件的泥坯(发热体图案),对发热体图案进行干燥。
S6、加热器素坯制备:先将基体粉料的一半倒入金属模具中,刮平,然后放入事先准备好的发热体图案,再将另一半粉料倒入模具中,在30吨的干压机上压制,然后脱模,取出素坯再进行冷等静压压制,素坯待烧。
S7、素坯烧结温度为1780℃,压力为6MPa,保温2小时下进行气压烧结。
S8、在炉温低于200℃时将坯体取出,经过加工,与外导线进行连接,得到所需要的高性能陶瓷加热器。
以上描述仅为本申请的较佳实施例以及对所运用技术原理的说明。本领域技术人员应当理解,本申请中所涉及的发明范围,并不限于上述技术特征的特定组合而成的技术方案,同时也应涵盖在不脱离所述发明构思的情况下,由上述技术特征或其等同特征进行任意组合而形成的其它技术方案。例如上述特征与本申请中公开的(但不限于)具有类似功能的技术特征进行互相替换而形成的技术方案。
Claims (10)
1.一种陶瓷加热器,其特征是,包括基体及发热元件,所述发热元件嵌入在所述基体中,
其中,
所述基体以氮化硅为主要成分,所述发热元件以碳化钨为主要成分。
2.根据权利要求1所述的陶瓷加热器,其特征是,所述发热元件包括直接在一起的发热体、引线部或通过连接部连接在一起的发热体、引线部。
3.根据权利要求2所述的陶瓷加热器,其特征是,所述发热元件以重量计,包括碳化钨60-80份,氮化硅16-35份,
所述基体以重量计,包括氮化硅80-91份,碳化钨2-6份。
4.根据权利要求3所述的陶瓷加热器,其特征是,发热体以重量计,包括碳化钨60-68份,氮化硅25-35份,
连接部以重量计,包括碳化钨66-76份,氮化硅20-30份,
引线部以重量计,包括碳化钨70-80份,氮化硅16-27份。
5.根据权利要求3所述的陶瓷加热器,其特征是,所述发热元件以重量计,还包括金属氧化物2-4份,
所述基体以重量计,还包括金属氧化物6-14份,
其中,所述金属氧化物均包括稀土氧化物、碱金属氧化物、碱土金属氧化物的多种。
6.根据权利要求5所述的陶瓷加热器,其特征是,所述基体以重量计,包括稀土氧化物3-7份、碱金属氧化物或碱土金属氧化物3-7份,
所述发热元件以重量计,包括稀土氧化物1-2份、碱金属氧化物或碱土金属氧化物1-2份。
7.根据权利要求6所述的陶瓷加热器,其特征是,所述稀土氧化物包括氧化钇、氧化铈、氧化镧的至少一种,所述碱土金属氧化物包括氧化镁,碱金属氧化物包括氧化锂。
8.根据权利要求1所述的陶瓷加热器,其特征是,所述发热元件的抗弯强度大于800MPa,基体的热导率大于30W/(m·K)。
9.一种根据权利要求1-8任一所述的陶瓷加热器的制备方法,其特征是,包括以下步骤:
将发热元件粉料混合,制备发热元件的泥坯;
将所述发热元件的泥坯置于盛有部分基体粉料的干压模具中,加入剩余基体粉料,在10-40吨的压力下进行一次压制,然后再经过冷等静压进行二次压制,得加热器素坯;
将所述加热器素坯在气氛压力下烧结即得。
10.根据权利要求9所述的陶瓷加热器的制备方法,其特征是,烧结温度为1700℃-1800℃,烧结时压力要求为2-10MPa。
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