CN110452007A - 一种中空镁铝尖晶石晶须骨架多孔陶瓷的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种中空镁铝尖晶石晶须骨架多孔陶瓷的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110452007A
CN110452007A CN201910699058.2A CN201910699058A CN110452007A CN 110452007 A CN110452007 A CN 110452007A CN 201910699058 A CN201910699058 A CN 201910699058A CN 110452007 A CN110452007 A CN 110452007A
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magnesium aluminate
aluminate spinel
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罗旭东
侯庆冬
杨孟孟
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University of Science and Technology Liaoning USTL
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Abstract

本发明专利涉及一种中空镁铝尖晶石晶须骨架多孔陶瓷材料的制备方法，以轻烧氧化镁粉和活性氧化铝粉为主要原料，石墨粉和金属铝粉为还原剂，淀粉作为结合剂，经预混、混炼、成型、干燥、烧成，得到具有中空镁铝尖晶石晶须骨架多孔陶瓷材料。本发明制备的中空镁铝尖晶石须骨架多孔陶瓷材料，由资源丰富的Al2O3、MgO质和石墨为原料制备，成本低廉；镁铝尖晶石须具有优良的耐高温、耐腐蚀、优越的热震稳定性和力学性能，将其引入多孔陶瓷材料可提高材料的韧性、增加冲击强度，有利于提高陶瓷材料的使用寿命；同时原位生长的中空镁铝尖晶石须解决了外加晶须所造成的分布不均匀这一问题，有助于提高试样的抗折强度。

Description

一种中空镁铝尖晶石晶须骨架多孔陶瓷的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及无机化工技术领域，具体涉及一种中空镁铝尖晶石晶须骨架多孔陶瓷的制备方法。
背景技术
工业窑炉作为高温工业中主要的生产设备，其较大的热损耗导致能源利用率低于70%，因此工业窑炉设备的节能降耗势在必行。工业窑炉的隔热保温材料一定程度上降低了能量损耗，因此研制具有隔热效果好、抗热震性能优越等优点的高温隔热材料是工业窑炉发展的重要方向。多孔氧化铝陶瓷由于具有气孔丰富均匀、耐高温、低热导率、较高的高温强度等优点而被广泛研究，能够用作高温隔热材料以显著降低热损，提高工业窑炉的能源利用效率。因此应用于高温或者超高温工业窑炉的工作面砖主要使用氧化镁质多孔陶瓷材料，主要以氧化镁颗粒骨料，通过镁橄榄石或尖晶石相结合制备镁质多孔材料。这些材料的特点为体积密度相对较高，气孔率较低，导热系数相对较大，于降低窑炉重量，节能降耗不利。并且在较高的气孔率下，其强度相对较低，限制了镁质多孔材料的广泛应用，本发明针对现有的技术不足，提供了一种中空镁铝尖晶石晶须骨架多孔陶瓷的制备方法。
发明内容
一种中空镁铝尖晶石晶须骨架多孔陶瓷的制备方法，以轻烧氧化镁粉、活性氧化铝粉为主要原料，石墨粉和金属铝粉为还原剂，淀粉作为结合剂，经预混、混炼、成型、干燥、烧成，得到具有中空镁铝尖晶石晶须骨架多孔陶瓷。在较低的温度下烧成，高温下形成中空镁铝尖晶石晶须网络骨架，进一步增强了多孔陶瓷的抗折强度，从而得到高强度、高气孔率镁铝尖晶石多孔陶瓷。
为实现上述目的，本发明通过以下技术方案实现：
一种中空镁铝尖晶石晶须骨架多孔陶瓷材料的制备方法，其特征在于，以轻烧氧化镁粉和活性氧化铝粉为主要原料，石墨粉和金属铝粉为还原剂，淀粉作为结合剂，经预混、混炼、成型、干燥、烧成，得到具有中空镁铝尖晶石晶须骨架多孔陶瓷材料，其具体操作步骤如下：
步骤一，将菱镁矿破碎至粒径小于200目，经700-1000℃保温30分钟，制得轻烧氧化镁粉；以质量百分比计，将15-22%粒径200目以下的轻烧氧化镁粉、50-55%粒径200目以下的活性氧化铝粉、22-30%粒径200目以下的石墨粉和4-8%粒径200目以下的金属铝粉，在搅拌机中进行充分预混，得预混物料；
步骤二，外加以预混物料总质量4-8%的水和5-10%粒径200目以下的淀粉，加入到步骤一的预混物料中，置于混炼机中继续混炼10-20分钟，得到混炼后的泥料；
步骤三，将混炼后的泥料放入模具中压制成型，形成多孔陶瓷坯体；
步骤四，将成型后的多孔陶瓷坯体于120℃的条件下干燥24-48小时；
步骤五，将干燥后的多孔陶瓷坯体于1350-1550℃的高温中煅烧2-6小时，随炉自然冷却后取出，即得到具有中空镁铝尖晶石晶须骨架多孔陶瓷材料。
所述步骤三中压制成型的成型压力需控制在1-5MPa。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：1）本发明制备的中空镁铝尖晶石须骨架多孔陶瓷材料，由资源丰富的Al2O3、MgO质和石墨为原料制备，成本低廉；2）中空镁铝尖晶石须具有优良的耐高温、耐腐蚀、优越的热震稳定性和力学性能，将其引入多孔陶瓷材料可提高材料的韧性、增加冲击强度，有利于提高陶瓷材料的使用寿命。3）晶须可以对砖体起到增韧的作用，晶须的长径比过大增韧效果较差，长径比过小则生成物不能成为晶须，称作晶粒，长径比为10~30之间增强效果最好。
附图说明
图1为本发明的工艺流程示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明的制备方法做进一步说明：
实施例1：
一种中空镁铝尖晶石晶须骨架多孔陶瓷材料的制备方法，其特征在于，以轻烧氧化镁粉和活性氧化铝粉为主要原料，石墨粉和金属铝粉为还原剂，淀粉作为结合剂，经预混、混炼、成型、干燥、烧成，得到具有中空镁铝尖晶石晶须骨架多孔陶瓷材料，其具体操作步骤如下：
步骤一，将菱镁矿破碎至粒径小于200目，经800℃保温30分钟，制得轻烧氧化镁粉；将15kg粒径200目以下的轻烧氧化镁粉、50kg粒径200目以下的活性氧化铝粉、30kg粒径200目以下的石墨粉和5kg粒径200目以下的金属铝粉，在搅拌机中进行充分预混，得预混物料；
步骤二，外加以4kg水和5kg粒径200目以下的淀粉，加入到步骤一的预混物料中，置于混炼机中继续混炼20分钟，得到混炼后的泥料；
步骤三，将混炼后的泥料放入模具中压制成型，成型压力为2MPa，形成多孔陶瓷坯体；
步骤四，将成型后的多孔陶瓷坯体于120℃的条件下干燥24小时；
步骤五，将干燥后的多孔陶瓷坯体于1350℃的高温中煅烧2小时，随炉自然冷却后取出，即得到具有中空镁铝尖晶石晶须骨架多孔陶瓷材料。
本实施例制备的多孔陶瓷中的中空镁铝尖晶石须的长径比为15.2，镁铝尖晶石相互连接形成互锁结构，常温抗折强度为5.3MPa，显气孔率为76.5%。
实施例2：
一种中空镁铝尖晶石晶须骨架多孔陶瓷材料的制备方法，其特征在于，以轻烧氧化镁粉和活性氧化铝粉为主要原料，石墨粉和金属铝粉为还原剂，淀粉作为结合剂，经预混、混炼、成型、干燥、烧成，得到具有中空镁铝尖晶石晶须骨架多孔陶瓷材料，其具体操作步骤如下：
步骤一，将菱镁矿破碎至粒径小于200目，经900℃保温30分钟，制得轻烧氧化镁粉；将19kg粒径200目以下的轻烧氧化镁粉、51kg粒径200目以下的活性氧化铝粉、26kg粒径200目以下的石墨粉和4kg粒径200目以下的金属铝粉，在搅拌机中进行充分预混，得预混物料；
步骤二，外加以5kg水和10kg粒径200目以下的淀粉，加入到步骤一的预混物料中，置于混炼机中继续混炼20分钟，得到混炼后的泥料；
步骤三，将混炼后的泥料放入模具中压制成型，成型压力为3MPa，形成多孔陶瓷坯体；
步骤四，将成型后的多孔陶瓷坯体于120℃的条件下干燥36小时；
步骤五，将干燥后的多孔陶瓷坯体于1450℃的高温中煅烧3小时，随炉自然冷却后取出，即得到具有中空镁铝尖晶石晶须骨架多孔陶瓷材料。
本实施例制备的多孔陶瓷中的中空镁铝尖晶石须的长径比为25.2，镁铝尖晶石相互连接形成互锁结构，常温抗折强度为12.7MPa，显气孔率为68.5%。
实施例3：
一种中空镁铝尖晶石晶须骨架多孔陶瓷材料的制备方法，其特征在于，以轻烧氧化镁粉和活性氧化铝粉为主要原料，石墨粉和金属铝粉为还原剂，淀粉作为结合剂，经预混、混炼、成型、干燥、烧成，得到具有中空镁铝尖晶石晶须骨架多孔陶瓷材料，其具体操作步骤如下：
步骤一，将菱镁矿破碎至粒径小于200目，经1000℃保温30分钟，制得轻烧氧化镁粉；将21kg粒径200目以下的轻烧氧化镁粉、54kg粒径200目以下的活性氧化铝粉、22kg粒径200目以下的石墨粉和3kg粒径200目以下的金属铝粉，在搅拌机中进行充分预混，得预混物料；
步骤二，外加以6kg水和10kg粒径200目以下的淀粉，加入到步骤一的预混物料中，置于混炼机中继续混炼15分钟，得到混炼后的泥料；
步骤三，将混炼后的泥料放入模具中压制成型，成型压力为4MPa，形成多孔陶瓷坯体；
步骤四，将成型后的多孔陶瓷坯体于120℃的条件下干燥48小时；
步骤五，将干燥后的多孔陶瓷坯体于1550℃的高温中煅烧3小时，随炉自然冷却后取出，即得到具有中空镁铝尖晶石晶须骨架多孔陶瓷材料。
本实施例制备的多孔陶瓷中空镁铝尖晶石须的长径比为10.1，常温抗折强度为9.8MPa，显气孔率59.1%。

Claims (2)

1.一种中空镁铝尖晶石晶须骨架多孔陶瓷材料的制备方法，其特征在于，以轻烧氧化镁粉和活性氧化铝粉为主要原料，石墨粉和金属铝粉为还原剂，淀粉作为结合剂，经预混、混炼、成型、干燥、烧成，得到具有中空镁铝尖晶石晶须骨架多孔陶瓷材料，其具体操作步骤如下：
步骤一，将菱镁矿破碎至粒径小于200目，经700-1000℃保温30分钟，制得轻烧氧化镁粉；以质量百分比计，将15-22%粒径200目以下的轻烧氧化镁粉、50-55%粒径200目以下的活性氧化铝粉、22-30%粒径200目以下的石墨粉和4-8%粒径200目以下的金属铝粉，在搅拌机中进行充分预混，得预混物料；
步骤二，外加以预混物料总质量4-8%的水和5-10%粒径200目以下的淀粉，加入到步骤一的预混物料中，置于混炼机中继续混炼10-20分钟，得到混炼后的泥料；
步骤三，将混炼后的泥料放入模具中压制成型，形成多孔陶瓷坯体；
步骤四，将成型后的多孔陶瓷坯体于120℃的条件下干燥24-48小时；
步骤五，将干燥后的多孔陶瓷坯体于1350-1550℃的高温中煅烧2-6小时，随炉自然冷却后取出，即得到具有中空镁铝尖晶石晶须骨架多孔陶瓷材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种中空镁铝尖晶石晶须骨架多孔陶瓷材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤三中压制成型的成型压力需控制在1-5MPa。
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CN112250448A (zh) * 2020-09-15 2021-01-22 辽宁东和新材料股份有限公司 一步法生产轻烧镁铝尖晶石的合成方法
CN112279637A (zh) * 2020-11-03 2021-01-29 江苏省陶瓷研究所有限公司 氧化铝纤维-镁铝尖晶石多孔陶瓷及其制备方法
CN112811924A (zh) * 2021-01-08 2021-05-18 武汉科技大学 氮化硅增强的多孔尖晶石-碳陶瓷过滤器及其制备方法
CN112811929A (zh) * 2021-01-08 2021-05-18 武汉科技大学 一种SiC晶须增强的镁铝尖晶石透气耐火材料及其制备方法
CN112811924B (zh) * 2021-01-08 2023-03-28 武汉科技大学 氮化硅增强的多孔尖晶石-碳陶瓷过滤器及其制备方法
CN113603464A (zh) * 2021-08-23 2021-11-05 广东省科学院新材料研究所 一种高温抗弯多孔陶瓷材料及其制备方法和应用
CN113603464B (zh) * 2021-08-23 2022-06-21 广东省科学院新材料研究所 一种高温抗弯多孔陶瓷材料及其制备方法和应用

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Application publication date: 20191115