CN111588032A - Processing method of edible rhizoma polygonati tablets - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
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Abstract
A processing method of edible rhizoma polygonati tablets, relating to a preparation method of rhizoma polygonati. Firstly, putting the dried rhizoma polygonati into a depilator, and washing with clear water; then placing the mixture into a ventilated container, carrying out intermittent multiple times of draining, and then sealing the container with a film for fermentation for 6-12 hours; cutting the drained and fermented rhizoma Polygonati into 1.4-2.0mm rhizoma Polygonati slices with a slicing machine, drying at 50-60 deg.C until the water content is less than 6%, and packaging by stages. The invention can further cure the sealwort with the average ripeness of 75-80 percent to ensure that the sealwort is full in shape, transparent in texture and golden yellow in color, the curling rate of the processed product is lower than 10 percent, the yield is more than 70 percent, the finished product has no numb and astringent taste, no additive, golden yellow in color, crystal clear, can be directly eaten, has pure natural sweet and mellow taste and improves the value by more than 3 times.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of rhizoma polygonati.
Background
Polygonatum sibiricum Red is a liliaceae plant, is commonly called as rheum officinale essence, rhizoma polygonati, and rhizoma zingiberis, is a traditional Chinese medicinal material with the effects of tonifying qi and yin, strengthening spleen, moistening lung and tonifying kidney, is commonly used for brewing and eating Polygonatum sibiricum tonic, but Polygonatum sibiricum tastes rough and unsmooth, cannot be directly eaten, and can be eaten as Polygonatum sibiricum tonic only by special preparation.
The traditional Chinese medicine rhizoma polygonati is mainly prepared from the medicinal effective components of rhizoma polygonati, has no requirements on color, texture and taste, and can be prepared as long as the preparation requirements of the conventional traditional Chinese medicine are met, so that the preparation of the rhizoma polygonati tablet is relatively simple and can be cut into slices. Besides using the effective medicinal components of rhizoma Polygonati, the color, texture and taste of the edible rhizoma Polygonati tablet are also considered. The purchased baked rhizoma polygonati has different degrees of ripeness, hardness and softness, color and luster and plumpness, and if the rhizoma polygonati is directly sliced, the prepared rhizoma polygonati slices have poor quality, white, yellow and black colors can appear in color and luster, and the rhizoma polygonati slices have no sweet taste but have rough and unsmooth mouthfeel; in appearance, the crimping rate is high, the yield is low, and the value is seriously influenced. For this reason, a great deal of research has been carried out in the industry:
the Chinese patent publication number is CN110432489A, and the publication date is: 2019.11.12A method for preparing cooked rhizoma Polygonati food, the disclosed technology is: (1) cleaning and screening: selecting perennial rhizoma Polygonati and rhizoma Polygonati Odorati, removing beard, removing mud, cleaning, and removing insect plaque and mildew necrosis part; (2) steaming: steaming the mixture for 50 to 120min at the temperature of 95 to 105 ℃, taking out the polygonatum and slicing the polygonatum; (3) processing rhizoma polygonati: adding yellow wine into sliced rhizoma polygonati, soaking for 60-120 min at 45-60 ℃, taking out, directly placing at high temperature, steaming for 30-60min, soaking again in yellow wine at 45-60 ℃ for 60-120 min, taking out, directly placing at high temperature, steaming for 60-120 min, taking out, directly drying under vacuum condition to obtain processed rhizoma polygonati; (4) preparing polygonatum odoratum liquid: adding water into sliced polygonatum odoratum, boiling for 110-140 min at 95-100 ℃, and filtering to obtain polygonatum odoratum liquid, wherein the weight kg ratio of the added water L to the polygonatum odoratum is 5-10: 1; (5) mixing: mixing the polygonatum odoratum solution and the processed rhizoma polygonati, pressurizing to more than 2 atmospheric pressures, soaking for 60-120 min, taking out the rhizoma polygonati, drying in vacuum, spraying the rest polygonatum odoratum solution onto the dried rhizoma polygonati, sterilizing and packaging in vacuum to obtain the product. The technical effects are as follows: 1. the polygonatum is adopted to improve the taste, so that the polygonatum is soft and tasty, and the reduction and denaturation of the polygonatum tablet (finished product) are effectively avoided, so that the polygonatum can be directly eaten as food. 2. The water content of the sealwort processed by the technology is 25-35%, so that the sealwort is soft and tasty and can be directly eaten as food. 3. The rhizoma Polygonati Odorati leaching solution (rhizoma Polygonati Odorati polysaccharide) is permeated into rhizoma Polygonati slice under pressure to neutralize and soften cellulose (facilitating cellulose absorption), and is vacuumed by vacuum drying to soften rhizoma Polygonati when it is eaten. 4. The content of rough and astringent substances in the sealwort is reduced by means of slicing and yellow wine soaking, and simultaneously, the browning of the sealwort is avoided by vacuum drying.
Chinese patent publication No. CN109939177A, published on; 2019.06.28A method for refining rhizoma Polygonati comprises the following steps: a method for refining rhizoma polygonati is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) digging rhizomes of polygonatum cyrtonema which withers and matures after frost, airing, removing fibrous roots, scraping silt stored in knots, and cleaning the rhizomes with clear water; (2) cutting cleaned rhizome of rhizoma Polygonati into blocks, storing at low temperature for 10-20h, and drying in oven to obtain dried rhizome block; (3) uniformly stirring the dried rhizome blocks and the yellow wine according to the mass ratio of 1:0.3-0.6, and then placing the mixture into a closed container or a sealed plastic bag for primary sealing and moistening; opening a closed container or a sealed plastic bag, adding yellow wine with the weight of 0.2-0.4 times of that of the rhizoma polygonati blocks, uniformly stirring, sealing and moistening for the second time, cooking the moistened rhizoma polygonati blocks for 3-5h, taking out and drying in the sun; (4) mixing the dried rhizoma polygonati blocks, yellow wine and honey according to the mass ratio of 100:10:5, uniformly stirring, standing for 1-2h, taking out the rhizoma polygonati blocks, cooking for 30-60min, taking out, drying in the sun, repeating the process for 6 times, and then placing in the sun to dry until the water content is 15-20 wt%; (5) and (4) spreading the sealwort obtained in the step (4) in a cool and indoor place, putting the sealwort into a plastic bag or a wooden barrel, and tying for storage to obtain the sealwort. Has the following beneficial effects: in the steaming process, a honey protective layer is coated on the surface of the rhizoma polygonati, so that the nutrient content brought out by steam is reduced, and a part of honey can enter the interior of the rhizoma polygonati through the surface layer of the rhizoma polygonati blocks, so that the rhizoma polygonati is slightly sweet, and the taste of the rhizoma polygonati is improved.
In view of the above disclosed technology, there are problems that: the sealwort is firstly cut into blocks or slices, thus destroying the biological structure of the sealwort and being not beneficial to the transformation and formation of effective substances such as sealwort polysaccharide and the like; fourthly, high-temperature cooking is adopted, so that the loss of effective substances is caused; and fifthly, because effective saccharification is not carried out, yellow wine is added to reduce the content of rough and astringent substances in the polygonatum rhizome to improve the taste, or polygonatum odoratum liquid is adopted to improve the taste, or honey is added to make the polygonatum rhizome have slightly sweet taste, so that the taste of the polygonatum rhizome is improved. The purely natural saccharified polygonatum taste is not formed. Sixthly, potassium sorbate is added as an acid preservative, so that the food with the additive is formed, and the food is not a pure natural food; and seventhly, the final product is a non-drying product, has short retention period and is not beneficial to storage and consumption.
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and discloses a method for processing edible polygonatum tablets, which can further cure polygonatum with different degrees of ripeness, different hardness and softness, different colors and different plumpness, so that the polygonatum is full in shape, transparent in texture, golden in color, low in the curling rate of processed products, high in yield, free of rough and astringent taste, free of any additive, golden in color, smooth, flat, glittering and translucent, directly edible and has pure natural sweet and mellow taste.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows: the processing method of the edible rhizoma polygonati tablets is characterized by comprising the following steps: the following steps are taken:
a. washing: putting the dried rhizoma polygonati into a depilator, and washing with clear water, wherein the principle is to prevent the surface of the rhizoma polygonati from being washed thoroughly;
b. draining and fermenting: putting the washed rhizoma polygonati into a breathable container, draining for many times at intervals, sealing the container by using a film, and fermenting for 6-12 hours;
c. slicing: slicing the drained and fermented rhizoma Polygonati into rhizoma Polygonati slices of 1.4-2.0 mm;
d. and (3) drying: and d, putting the rhizoma polygonati slices prepared in the step c into a curing barn for drying, controlling the temperature at 50-60 ℃, drying until the water content is within 6 percent, and then carrying out grading packaging.
Further, the washing: putting the baked rhizoma polygonati into a depilator, and washing for 15-20 minutes by using clear water;
further, the draining fermentation: putting the washed rhizoma Polygonati into a bamboo basket, pouring water once every 2-4 hours, preferably 3 hours, pouring for 4-7 times, preferably 5-6 times, and totally sealing the bamboo basket with a film for 7-11 hours, preferably 8-10, 9;
further, the drying: the temperature is controlled at 50-60 deg.C, and the drying time is 5-7 hr, preferably 6 hr, and the water content is within 7%.
Further, grading, namely dividing the dried rhizoma polygonati slices into four grades with the diameters of 1-1.4cm, 1.5-2.5 cm, 2.6-4.0 cm and more than 4.1 cm.
The invention solves the problems of the prior art by adopting the technical scheme, can further cure the sealwort with different degrees of ripeness, different hardness, different color and fullness, ensures that the sealwort is full in shape, transparent in texture and golden in color, ensures that the processed product has the curling rate lower than 10 percent and the yield is more than 70 percent, has no rough taste, no additive, golden color and crystal clear, can be directly eaten, has pure natural sweet and mellow taste and improves the value by more than 3 times.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a water-drained and fermented Polygonatum sibiricum of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is one of the edible rhizoma Polygonati tablets produced by the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 shows another edible rhizoma polygonati tablet produced by the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order that the invention may be more clearly understood, a particular embodiment thereof will now be described with reference to figures 1-3.
The implementation mode is as follows: the processing method of the edible rhizoma polygonati tablets comprises the following steps:
a, washing: the purchased dried sealwort is put into a depilator and washed by clean water for 15-20 minutes, and the skin can not be washed thoroughly.
b, draining and fermenting: and (3) putting the washed rhizoma polygonati into a bamboo basket, pouring water once every 2-4 hours, preferably 3 hours, pouring for 4-7 times, preferably 5-6 times, then fully sealing the bamboo basket by using a film for 6-12 hours, preferably 7-11 hours, 8-10 hours and 9 hours. When the sealwort is put into a bamboo basket for draining, the breathing and the slow absorption of moisture of the sealwort are facilitated, and the plumpness and the transparency of the sealwort can be improved. In the experiment, the sealwort is soaked in the flooding water, so that the sealwort becomes hardened, the transparency is reduced, and the maturity of the sealwort cannot be improved. The full-closed fermentation is carried out after the water is drained, so that the conversion of rhizoma polygonati substances can be promoted, the numb and astringent taste can be removed, and the sweetness can be increased. The adoption of the draining fermentation process is a sealwort which is obtained after numerous experiments and failures and can lead the maturity, the fullness and the deflation to be different and the hardness to be different, leads the sealwort to be more consistent, leads the sealwort to be transparent and full (as shown in figure 1), is beneficial to the next step of slicing, improves the yield and can obviously improve the palatability of the sealwort.
c. Slicing: slicing the drained and fermented rhizoma Polygonati into 1.4-2.0mm rhizoma Polygonati slices (wet slices) with a slicing machine. When the slice thickness is less than 1.4mm, a large amount of rhizoma polygonati slices can curl, and when the slice thickness is more than 2mm, the palatability is reduced and consumers do not like the slices. The shape of the rhizoma polygonati sheet is basically the same as the shape of the top view of the rhizoma polygonati when the rhizoma polygonati sheet is laid flat.
d. Baking: b, putting the polygonatum sibiricum slices prepared in the step b into a baking room for baking and drying, controlling the temperature at 50-60 ℃ for 5-7 hours, and drying until the water content is within 7%;
e. selecting slices, dividing the baked rhizoma Polygonati slices into four grades with diameters (width of rhizoma Polygonati slices along diameter direction of rhizoma Polygonati) of 1-1.4cm, 1.5-2.5 cm, 2.6-4.0 cm, and 4.1 cm. The value can be improved by more than 3 times by comparing classification with non-classification.
The experimental data of the invention are as follows:
influence of waterlogging caused by fermentation on rhizoma Polygonati effect
Influence of rhizoma Polygonati slice thickness on rhizoma Polygonati slice quality
Influence of baking temperature on color of rhizoma Polygonati tablet
Example 1: the processing method of the edible rhizoma polygonati tablets comprises the following steps:
a, washing: putting the purchased baked polygonatum sibiricum with the average maturity of 80 percent into a depilator, and washing the baked polygonatum sibiricum with clear water for 15 minutes, wherein the epidermis can not be washed well.
b, draining and fermenting: and (3) putting the washed rhizoma polygonati into a bamboo basket, spraying water once every 2 hours, fully sealing the bamboo basket by using a thin film after spraying for 7 times, and sealing for 6 hours.
c. Slicing: cutting the rhizoma Polygonati after draining and fermenting into rhizoma Polygonati slices with thickness of 1.4mm by a slicer parallel to the length direction of the rhizoma Polygonati.
d. Baking: c, placing the rhizoma polygonati slices prepared in the step c into a baking room for baking and drying, controlling the temperature at 50 ℃ for 7 hours, and drying until the water content is within 5%;
f. selecting slices, dividing the baked rhizoma Polygonati slices into four grades with diameters of 1-1.4cm, 1.5-2.5 cm, 2.6-4.0 cm and 4.1 cm or more.
In the embodiment, the ripeness of the sealwort is 90% through draining and fermenting, the conversion of effective substances is promoted, the numb and astringent taste of the sealwort is removed, and the sealwort is mellow and full and is beneficial to slicing. The slice thickness of the rhizoma polygonati sheet is controlled to be 1.4mm, the crimping rate is less than 10 percent (as shown in figure 3), the yield is 68 percent, the value of the rhizoma polygonati sheet is improved to 180 yuan/500 g on average from 60 yuan/500 g of the general goods through grading, and compared with the rhizoma polygonati sheet which is 40 yuan/500 g of the common medicinal material, the value is improved by 4.5 times. The prepared rhizoma polygonati tablets do not contain any coloring agent, sweetener and preservative, are golden and slightly dark in color and have good mouthfeel.
Example 2: the processing method of the edible rhizoma polygonati tablets comprises the following steps:
a, washing: putting the purchased baked polygonatum sibiricum with the average maturity of 75 percent into a depilating machine, and washing the dried polygonatum sibiricum with clear water for 20 minutes, wherein the epidermis can not be washed well.
b, draining and fermenting: and (3) putting the washed rhizoma polygonati into a bamboo basket, spraying water once every 4 hours, fully sealing the bamboo basket by using a thin film after spraying for 4 times, and sealing for 12 hours.
c. Slicing: slicing the drained and fermented rhizoma Polygonati into rhizoma Polygonati slices of 2.0mm with a slicing machine.
d. Baking: c, placing the rhizoma polygonati slices prepared in the step c into a baking room for baking and drying, controlling the temperature at 60 ℃ for 5 hours, and drying until the water content is within 7%;
g. selecting slices, dividing the baked rhizoma Polygonati slices into four grades with diameters of 1-1.4cm, 1.5-2.5 cm, 2.6-4.0 cm and 4.1 cm or more.
In the embodiment, the ripeness of the sealwort is up to 97% by draining and fermenting, the conversion of effective substances is promoted, the numb and astringent taste in the sealwort is removed, and the sealwort is mellow and full and is beneficial to slicing. The slice thickness of the rhizoma coptidis slices is controlled to be 2.0mm, the crimping rate is o, the yield is 72 percent, and the value of the product is improved from 60 yuan/500 g of the general product to 200 yuan/500 g on average through grading. Compared with 40 yuan/500 g common medicinal material rhizoma polygonati tablets, the value is improved by 5 times. The prepared rhizoma polygonati tablets have no colorant, sweetener and preservative, are golden in color and are natural and sweet. But consumers have a somewhat thicker reaction thickness and a somewhat uncomfortable mouthfeel.
Example 3: the processing method of the edible rhizoma polygonati tablets comprises the following steps:
a, washing: putting the purchased dried rhizoma polygonati with the average maturity of 77 percent into a depilating machine, and washing the rhizoma polygonati with clear water for 18 minutes until the epidermis can not be washed well.
b, draining and fermenting: and (3) putting the washed rhizoma polygonati into a bamboo basket, spraying water once every 3 hours, fully sealing the bamboo basket by using a film after spraying for 6 times, and sealing for 9 hours.
c. Slicing: slicing the drained and fermented rhizoma Polygonati into 1.5-1.6mm rhizoma Polygonati slices with a slicing machine (shown in figure 2).
d. Baking: c, placing the rhizoma polygonati slices prepared in the step c into a baking room for baking and drying, controlling the temperature at 55 ℃ for 6 hours, and drying until the water content is within 6%;
h. selecting slices, dividing the baked rhizoma Polygonati slices into four grades with diameters of 1-1.4cm, 1.5-2.5 cm, 2.6-4.0 cm and 4.1 cm or more.
In the embodiment, the ripeness of the sealwort is 98% through draining and fermenting, the conversion of effective substances is promoted, the numb and astringent taste of the sealwort is removed, and the sealwort is mellow and full and is beneficial to slicing. The slice thickness of the rhizoma coptidis slice is controlled to be 1.5-1.6mm, the crimping rate is o, the yield is 72%, and the value of the product is improved from 60 yuan/500 g of the general product to 220 yuan/500 g on average through grading. Compared with 40 yuan/500 g common medicinal material rhizoma polygonati tablets, the value is improved by 5.5 times. The prepared polygonatum sibiricum tablets do not contain any coloring agent, sweetener and preservative, are golden in color, natural, sweet and delicious, have the best taste and are pure natural and excellent products.
Comparative example: the processing method of the rhizoma polygonati tablets comprises the following steps:
a, washing: putting the purchased baked rhizoma polygonati with the average maturity of 80% into a depilating machine, and washing the rhizoma polygonati with clear water.
b. Slicing: cutting the cleaned rhizoma Polygonati into 1.0mm rhizoma Polygonati slices with a slicing machine.
c. Baking: and c, putting the polygonatum sibiricum slices prepared in the step c into a baking room for baking and drying, controlling the temperature at 70 ℃ for 6 hours, and drying until the water content is within 6% to obtain the polygonatum sibiricum slices.
The sealwort tablet prepared by the comparative example has the advantages that the sealwort purchased in the market has different ripeness degrees, the average ripeness degree is 80%, the processed sealwort tablet is mainly white, has heavy numb and astringent taste and poor mouthfeel, the rolling curvature is 70%, the tablet can only be sold as a medicinal material sealwort tablet, and the product price is 40 yuan/500 g.
The devices used in the above embodiments are commercially available products, wherein the slicer is a general-purpose slicer manufactured by the mechanical factory, lukeze, shodong, of the shodong province, and the depilator is a hair roller machine of the model AD-1200 manufactured by the mechanical science and technology ltd, andongan. Other similar devices with the same function can be used instead.
While the invention has been described with respect to specific embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing and other changes, omissions and deviations in the form and detail thereof may be made without departing from the scope of this invention. Those skilled in the art should appreciate that they can readily use the disclosed conception and specific embodiments as a basis for designing or modifying other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention; meanwhile, any equivalent changes, modifications and alterations of the above embodiments according to the spirit and techniques of the present invention are also within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The processing method of the edible rhizoma polygonati tablets is characterized by comprising the following steps: the following steps are taken:
a. washing: putting the dried rhizoma polygonati into a depilator, and washing with clear water, wherein the principle is to prevent the surface of the rhizoma polygonati from being washed thoroughly;
b. draining and fermenting: putting the washed rhizoma polygonati into a ventilated container, draining for many times at intervals, and then sealing and fermenting the container by using a film for 6-12 hours;
c. slicing: slicing the drained and fermented rhizoma Polygonati into rhizoma Polygonati slices of 1.4-2.0 mm;
d. and (3) drying: and d, putting the rhizoma polygonati slices prepared in the step c into a curing barn for drying, controlling the temperature at 50-60 ℃, drying until the water content is within 6 percent, and then carrying out grading packaging.
2. The method for processing edible rhizoma Polygonati slice according to claim 1, wherein: and (3) draining and fermenting: putting the washed rhizoma Polygonati into a bamboo basket, pouring water every 2-4 hours, and after pouring for 4-7 times, totally sealing the bamboo basket with a film for fermentation for 6-12 hours.
3. The method for processing edible rhizoma Polygonati slice according to claim 2, wherein: and (3) draining and fermenting: and (3) putting the washed rhizoma polygonati into a bamboo basket, pouring water once every 3 hours, and after 5-6 times of pouring, totally sealing the bamboo basket by using a film for fermentation for 8-10 hours.
4. The method for processing edible rhizoma Polygonati slice according to claim 3, wherein: the totally-enclosed fermentation time is 9 hours.
5. The method for processing edible rhizoma Polygonati slice according to claim 1, wherein: the slicing step: slicing the drained and fermented rhizoma Polygonati into 1.4-2.0mm rhizoma Polygonati slices with a slicing machine.
6. The method for processing edible rhizoma Polygonati slice according to claim 5, wherein: the slicing step: slicing the drained and fermented rhizoma Polygonati into 1.5-1.6mm rhizoma Polygonati slices with a slicing machine.
7. The method for processing edible rhizoma Polygonati slice according to claim 1, wherein: and (3) drying: controlling the temperature at 50-60 ℃, drying for 5-7 hours until the water content is within 7 percent.
8. The method for processing edible rhizoma Polygonati slice according to claim 7, wherein: and (3) drying: the temperature is controlled at 55 ℃, the drying time is 6 hours, and the drying is carried out until the water content is 6 percent.
9. The method for processing edible rhizoma Polygonati slice according to claim 1, wherein: and (3) grading, namely, dividing the dried rhizoma polygonati slices into four grades with the diameters of 1-1.4cm, 1.5-2.5 cm, 2.6-4.0 cm and more than 4.1 cm.
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