CN111574728B - 一种抗菌聚氨酯水凝胶医用敷料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种抗菌聚氨酯水凝胶医用敷料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111574728B
CN111574728B CN202010339385.XA CN202010339385A CN111574728B CN 111574728 B CN111574728 B CN 111574728B CN 202010339385 A CN202010339385 A CN 202010339385A CN 111574728 B CN111574728 B CN 111574728B
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孙复钱
张鹏
舒泉水
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Institute of Applied Chemistry Jiangxi Academy of Sciences
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种抗菌聚氨酯水凝胶医用敷料及其制备方法,属于生物医用材料领域。材料是包含甲基丙烯酸封端的亲水聚氨酯单体、含两性离子结构的甲基丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸酯类、交联剂、引发剂组成的混合物经过紫外光照固化或加热固化,然后在水中溶胀吸收水份后形成。本发明制备的抗菌聚氨酯水凝胶医用敷料具有良好的抗菌性能并长久保持材料抗菌性、制作工艺简单、效率高、组分配比可调、材料性能可控的特点,是一种新型功能性医用创伤敷料。

Description

一种抗菌聚氨酯水凝胶医用敷料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于生物医用材料技术领域,具体涉及一种抗菌聚氨酯水凝胶医用敷料及其制备方法。
背景技术
医用创伤敷料覆盖于皮肤创面上保护伤口,避免皮肤受到二次伤害,同时也可以为伤口的愈合提供有利的环境,主要用于覆盖疮、伤口或其他损伤,是一类重要的生物医用材料,其研究和发展一直是一个热点问题。
常用的敷料主要有纱布、水凝胶等。纱布是使用最早最广泛的一类敷料,纱布敷料具有保护创面,减少细菌入侵、创面渗出液吸收能力强、生产加工简单、价格便宜优点,但纱布孔径大,屏障作用较差,细菌入侵的可能性较高,还容易使创面脱水、粘着创面,更换时造成二次机械性损伤、创面的肉芽组织容易生长入纱布的网眼中、换药时会损伤新生组织而引起疼痛。
水凝胶是一类具有三维网络结构的聚合物,在水中能够吸收大量水分而溶胀,并在溶胀之后能够继续保持其原有结构而不被溶解。现代伤口愈合理论认为湿性愈合是伤口愈合的基础,因此在伤口愈合过程中保证创面润湿是功能敷料的必然要求,水凝胶由于含有大量的水分而非常柔软,可被作为优良的生物医学材料尤其是新型创伤敷料使用。水凝胶用于创伤敷料时可以减少外界细菌及微生物对伤口的污染,有效防止体液损失,并且能给伤口传送氧分,保持一定的润湿度,从而加速创口的愈合,有溶解血纤维原,具有自溶性清创作用,形成凝胶,保护暴露的神经末梢,减轻疼痛,不易造成二次机械损伤。
聚氨酯由于具有良好的力学性能广泛应用于工业领域,开发聚氨酯水凝胶材料可以作为药物释放系统,创伤敷料以及接触眼镜、组织工程材料等。尤其是聚氨酯水凝胶创伤敷料具有柔软,弹性好的特点,已有关于聚氨酯水凝胶创伤敷料的研究和产品问世,如专利EP1333788研制的由亲水性PU泡沫和PU水凝胶两层结构组成的PU创伤敷料。水凝胶层覆压于泡沫层上,两者之间通过粘合剂或辐射交联反应的方法结合。类似的产品还有Avitar公司生产的Hydrasorb PU敷料以及Tyco公司的Hydro-foam敷料。专利WO9817215以IPDI与多元醇为原料聚合得到预聚体,然后与聚丙二醇(PPG)反应,进一步与丙二醇及PPG相混合,最终得到PU水凝胶创伤敷料,也可在制备过程中加入抗菌药物如三溴酚铋(BT P)、磺胺嘧啶(SSD)等得到具有抗菌功能的PU水凝胶。Cardio Tech公司研制的商品名为SpyroDerm PU水凝胶创伤敷料,外观呈透明凝胶状,可用于皮肤溃疡、擦伤、创口及烧伤,可直接包敷在伤口上,且容易移除更换。
但目前关于聚氨酯水凝胶创伤敷料仍存在制备工艺复杂,功能、组分单一的缺陷,不能用于渗液多的伤口,尤其伤口在愈合过程中容易被细菌感染,严重影响伤口的愈合情况。
因此,如何提供一种制备工艺简单、持久抗菌、组分配比可调的抗菌聚氨酯水凝胶医用敷料是本领域亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明公开了一种抗菌聚氨酯水凝胶医用敷料及其制备方法。为了实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种抗菌聚氨酯水凝胶医用敷料,包括:甲基丙烯酸封端的亲水聚氨酯单体50%-80%,含两性离子结构的甲基丙烯酸酯5%-10%,甲基丙烯酸酯类8.9%-41.5%、交联剂1%-3%、引发剂0.1%-0.5%;
甲基丙烯酸封端的亲水聚氨酯单体包括以下原料:聚乙二醇、甘油、异氰酸酯、带羟基的甲基丙烯酸酯;
聚乙二醇分子量为600-3000,带羟基的甲基丙烯酸酯包括甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯中的一种或两种的混合;
优选的,聚乙二醇聚合度在1000-3000之间;
含两性离子结构的甲基丙烯酸酯包括甲基丙烯酸磷酰胆碱、甲基丙烯酸磺基甜菜碱、甲基丙烯酸羧甜菜碱中的一种或多种的混合;
甲基丙烯酸酯包括甲基丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸N’N-二甲基酰胺、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯中的一种或多种的混合。
交联剂包括二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯,二甲基丙烯酸丁二醇酯、三甲基丙烯酸甘油脂中的一种或多种的混合;所述引发剂为紫外光引发剂或偶氮类热引发剂;
优选的,引发剂包括1176、184、TPO等紫外光引发剂或者AIBN等偶氮类热引发剂;
一种抗菌聚氨酯水凝胶医用敷料的制备方法,步骤包括:
(1)异氰酸酯封端亲水性预聚体合成:将亲水性聚乙二醇经过脱水处理,加入起始剂甘油,异氰酸酯,40-70℃无水条件下高速搅拌,直至-NCO含量达到7%-10%为止,得到异氰酸酯封端亲水性预聚体;
优选的,步骤(1)中,反应在惰性气体保护下进行;
优选的,步骤(1)中,高速搅拌转速为转速500转/min-1500转/min;
(2)甲基丙烯酸封端的亲水聚氨酯单体合成:将异氰酸酯封端亲水性预聚体和带有羟基的甲基丙烯酸酯进行混合,40-70℃无水条件下高速搅拌继续反应,获得甲基丙烯酸封端的亲水聚氨酯单体;
优选的,步骤(2)中,反应在惰性气体保护下进行;
优选的,步骤(2)中,反应物的混合方法为:将带有羟基的甲基丙烯酸酯缓慢加入异氰酸酯封端亲水性预聚体;
优选的,步骤(2)中,高速搅拌转速为转速500转/min-1500转/min;
(3)固化混合物配制:根据上述甲基丙烯酸封端的亲水聚氨酯单体、含两性离子结构的甲基丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸酯类、交联剂、引发剂任一所述的抗菌聚氨酯水凝胶医用敷料称取各个原料,混合均匀溶解形成固化混合物。
(4)抗菌聚氨酯水凝胶医用敷料制备:将固化混合物倒入容器中,在365nm紫外光照下或90-110℃条件下进行反应,然后将反应后的固化物浸入溶液中溶胀得到抗菌聚氨酯水凝胶医用敷料;
步骤(1)中,所述聚乙二醇:甘油:异氰酸酯质量比为50:1-3:10-20;
步骤(2)中,异氰酸酯封端亲水性预聚体和带有羟基的甲基丙烯酸酯质量比为250:56-250:77;
步骤(4)中,所述抗菌聚氨酯水凝胶医用敷料含水量在20%-90%。
综上所述,本发明以具有两性离子结构的甲基丙烯酸酯作为抗菌分子,并以共价键形式结合到聚氨酯水凝胶中,可赋予聚氨酯水凝胶良好的抗菌性能并长久保持材料抗菌性;且抗菌基团安全无毒,生物相容性好,对创面皮肤不造成伤害,添加在聚氨酯水凝胶中作为敷料使用安全有效。抗菌聚氨酯水凝胶医用敷料制备方法具有制作工艺简单,克服了现有聚氨酯水凝胶医用敷料制备工艺复杂,功抗菌性差的缺陷;且具有效率高,组分配比可调,材料性能可控的特点,适合工业化规模生产。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
异氰酸酯封端亲水性预聚体合成:
将聚乙二醇(PEG3000)在120℃真空干燥除水24h,称取50g脱水PEG3000,3g甘油,15gTDI,70℃,N2保护下搅拌,转速1500转/min,至NCO含量10%为此,获得粘稠的异氰酸酯封端亲水性预聚体,记为A1;
将聚乙二醇(PEG2000)在120℃真空干燥除水24h,称取50g脱水PEG2000,3g甘油,10gTDI,50℃,N2保护下搅拌,转速1200转/min,至NCO含量8%为此,获得粘稠的异氰酸酯封端亲水性预聚体,记为A2;
将聚乙二醇(PEG1000)在120℃真空干燥除水24h,称取50g脱水PEG1000,2g甘油,20gTDI,40℃,N2保护下搅拌,转速500转/min,至NCO含量7%为此,获得粘稠的异氰酸酯封端亲水性预聚体,记为A3;
将聚乙二醇(PEG3000)在120℃真空干燥除水24h,称取50g脱水PEG3000,1g甘油,10gTDI,40℃,N2保护下搅拌,转速1000转/min,至NCO含量7%为此,获得粘稠的异氰酸酯封端亲水性预聚体,记为A4;
将聚乙二醇(PEG1000)在120℃真空干燥除水24h,称取50g脱水PEG1000,2g甘油,10gTDI,50℃,N2保护下搅拌,转500转/min,至NCO含量10%为此,获得粘稠的异氰酸酯封端亲水性预聚体,记为A5;
将聚乙二醇(PEG1000)在120℃真空干燥除水24h,称取50g脱水PEG1000,3g甘油,20gTDI,70℃,N2保护下搅拌,转速1500转/min,至NCO含量7%为此,获得粘稠的异氰酸酯封端亲水性预聚体,记为A6;
实施例2
甲基丙烯酸封端的亲水聚氨酯单体合成:
称取50g异氰酸酯封端亲水性预聚体A1,N2保护下搅拌,缓慢滴加15.4g甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯,40℃,500转/min,4h得甲基丙烯酸封端的亲水聚氨酯单体,记为B1;
称取50g异氰酸酯封端亲水性预聚体A2,N2保护下搅拌,缓慢滴加12.4g甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯,60℃,1500转/min,4h得甲基丙烯酸封端的亲水聚氨酯单体,记为B2;
称取50g异氰酸酯封端亲水性预聚体A3,N2保护下搅拌,缓慢滴加11.2g甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯,70℃,500转/min,4h得甲基丙烯酸封端的亲水聚氨酯单体,记为B3。
称取50g异氰酸酯封端亲水性预聚体A1,N2保护下搅拌,缓慢滴加15.4g甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯,40℃,1500转/min,4h得甲基丙烯酸封端的亲水聚氨酯单体,记为B4;
称取50g异氰酸酯封端亲水性预聚体A2,N2保护下搅拌,缓慢滴加12.4g甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯,60℃,500转/min,4h得甲基丙烯酸封端的亲水聚氨酯单体,记为B5;
称取50g异氰酸酯封端亲水性预聚体A3,N2保护下搅拌,缓慢滴加11.2g甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯,70℃,1500转/min,4h得甲基丙烯酸封端的亲水聚氨酯单体,记为B6。
实施例3
抗菌聚氨酯水凝胶材料制备:
称取6g甲基丙烯酸封端的亲水聚氨酯单体B1,3g甲基丙烯酸N’N-二甲基酰胺,0.8g甲基丙烯酸磺基甜菜碱,0.2g二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯,0.03g光引发剂184,混合均匀后倒入模具中,365nm紫外光下照射3min固化,然后将固化的膜浸入生理盐水中得到含水量60%的抗菌聚氨酯水凝胶材料。采用震荡法定量分析材料的抗菌率,准备6个250mL三角烧瓶。在其中3个烧瓶中各加入对照样0.75±0.05g,3个烧瓶中各加入抗菌材料试样0.75±0.05g,用液枪往3个对照样烧瓶3个抗菌样烧瓶中各加入5mL接种菌液,手持振荡1min。然后在37℃温度下震荡培养24h后,从每个烧瓶中吸取1mL±0.1mL试液,移入装有9mL±0.1mL的0.03mol/L PBS缓冲液的试管中,充分混匀。用10倍系列稀释法稀释,移入灭菌的营养平皿培养计数。抑菌率=(阳性对照组平均菌落数-试验组平均菌落数)/阳性对照组平均菌落数×100%;材料对大肠杆菌抗菌率99%,对金黄色葡萄球菌抗菌率98%。
实施例4
抗菌聚氨酯水凝胶材料制备:
称取7g甲基丙烯酸封端的亲水聚氨酯单体B2,2g甲基丙烯酸N’N-二甲基酰胺,0.9g甲基丙烯酸羧基甜菜碱,0.2g二甲基丙烯酸丁二醇酯,0.03g光引发剂TPO,混合均匀后倒入模具中,365nm紫外光下照射3min固化,然后将固化的膜浸入生理盐水中得到含水量70%的抗菌聚氨酯水凝胶材料。采用震荡法定量分析材料的抗菌率,准备6个250mL三角烧瓶。在其中3个烧瓶中各加入对照样0.75±0.05g,3个烧瓶中各加入抗菌材料试样0.75±0.05g,用液枪往3个对照样烧瓶3个抗菌样烧瓶中各加入5mL接种菌液,手持振荡1min。然后在37℃温度下震荡培养24h后,从每个烧瓶中吸取1mL±0.1mL试液,移入装有9mL±0.1mL的0.03mol/L PBS缓冲液的试管中,充分混匀。用10倍系列稀释法稀释,移入灭菌的营养平皿培养计数。抑菌率=(阳性对照组平均菌落数-试验组平均菌落数)/阳性对照组平均菌落数×100%;材料对大肠杆菌抗菌率99%,金黄色葡萄球菌抗菌率99%。
实施例5
抗菌聚氨酯水凝胶材料制备:
称取6g甲基丙烯酸封端的亲水聚氨酯单体B4,2g甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯,0.7g甲基丙烯酸磺基甜菜碱,0.2g二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯,0.03g光引发剂184,混合均匀后倒入模具中,365nm紫外光下照射3min固化,然后将固化的膜浸入生理盐水中得到含水量63%的抗菌聚氨酯水凝胶材料。采用震荡法定量分析材料的抗菌率,准备6个250mL三角烧瓶。在其中3个烧瓶中各加入对照样0.75±0.05g,3个烧瓶中各加入抗菌材料试样0.75±0.05g,用液枪往3个对照样烧瓶3个抗菌样烧瓶中各加入5mL接种菌液,手持振荡1min。然后在37℃温度下震荡培养24h后,从每个烧瓶中吸取1mL±0.1mL试液,移入装有9mL±0.1mL的0.03mol/LPBS缓冲液的试管中,充分混匀。用10倍系列稀释法稀释,移入灭菌的营养平皿培养计数。抑菌率=(阳性对照组平均菌落数-试验组平均菌落数)/阳性对照组平均菌落数×100%;材料对大肠杆菌抗菌率98%,金黄色葡萄球菌抗菌率97%。
实施例6
抗菌聚氨酯水凝胶材料制备:
称取7g甲基丙烯酸封端的亲水聚氨酯单体B5,2g甲基丙烯酸N’N-二甲基酰胺,0.5g甲基丙烯酸磺基甜菜碱,0.3g二甲基丙烯酸丁二醇酯,0.04g热引发剂AIBN,混合均匀后倒入模具中,100℃烘箱中放置3h固化,然后将固化的膜浸入生理盐水中得到含水量67%的抗菌聚氨酯水凝胶材料。采用震荡法定量分析材料的抗菌率,准备6个250mL三角烧瓶。在其中3个烧瓶中各加入对照样0.75±0.05g,3个烧瓶中各加入抗菌材料试样0.75±0.05g,用液枪往3个对照样烧瓶3个抗菌样烧瓶中各加入5mL接种菌液,手持振荡1min。然后在37℃温度下震荡培养24h后,从每个烧瓶中吸取1mL±0.1mL试液,移入装有9mL±0.1mL的0.03mol/L PBS缓冲液的试管中,充分混匀。用10倍系列稀释法稀释,移入灭菌的营养平皿培养计数。抑菌率=(阳性对照组平均菌落数-试验组平均菌落数)/阳性对照组平均菌落数×100%;材料对大肠杆菌抗菌率96%,金黄色葡萄球菌抗菌率95%。
实施例7
抗菌聚氨酯水凝胶材料制备:
称取6g甲基丙烯酸封端的亲水聚氨酯单体B6,4g甲基丙烯酸N’N-二甲基酰胺,0.6g甲基丙烯酸磷酰胆碱,0.2g二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯,0.04g热引发剂AIBN,混合均匀后倒入模具中,100℃烘箱中放置3h固化,然后将固化的膜浸入生理盐水中得到含水量80%的抗菌聚氨酯水凝胶材料。采用震荡法定量分析材料的抗菌率,准备6个250mL三角烧瓶。在其中3个烧瓶中各加入对照样0.75±0.05g,3个烧瓶中各加入抗菌材料试样0.75±0.05g,用液枪往3个对照样烧瓶3个抗菌样烧瓶中各加入5mL接种菌液,手持振荡1min。然后在37℃温度下震荡培养24h后,从每个烧瓶中吸取1mL±0.1mL试液,移入装有9mL±0.1m L的0.03mol/L PBS缓冲液的试管中,充分混匀。用10倍系列稀释法稀释,移入灭菌的营养平皿培养计数。抑菌率=(阳性对照组平均菌落数-试验组平均菌落数)/阳性对照组平均菌落数×100%;材料对大肠杆菌抗菌率97%,金黄色葡萄球菌抗菌率96%。
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述,每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处,各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明,使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对上述实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的,本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下,在其它实施例中实现。因此,本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例,而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (4)

1.一种抗菌聚氨酯水凝胶医用敷料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤包括:
(1)异氰酸酯封端亲水性预聚体合成:将亲水性聚乙二醇经过脱水处理,加入起始剂甘油,异氰酸酯,40-70℃无水条件下高速搅拌,直至-NCO 含量达到 7%-10%为止,得到异氰酸酯封端亲水性预聚体;
(2)甲基丙烯酸封端的亲水聚氨酯单体合成:将异氰酸酯封端亲水性预聚体和带有羟基的甲基丙烯酸酯进行混合,40-70℃无水条件下高速搅拌继续反应,获得甲基丙烯酸封端的亲水聚氨酯单体;
(3)固化混合物配制:按照以下质量配比:甲基丙烯酸封端的亲水聚氨酯单体 50%-80%、含两性离子结构的甲基丙烯酸酯 5%-10%、甲基丙烯酸酯类 8.9%-41.5%、交联剂1%-3%、引发剂 0.1%-0.5%,称取各个原料,混合均匀溶解形成固化混合物;
(4)抗菌聚氨酯水凝胶医用敷料制备:将固化混合物倒入容器中,在 365nm 紫外光照下或90-110℃条件下进行反应,然后将反应后的固化物浸入溶液中溶胀得到抗菌聚氨酯水凝胶医用敷料;
所述甲基丙烯酸封端的亲水聚氨酯单体包括以下原料:聚乙二醇、甘油、异氰酸酯、带羟基的甲基丙烯酸酯;
所述聚乙二醇分子量为 600-3000,所述带羟基的甲基丙烯酸酯选自甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯中的一种或两种的混合;
所述含两性离子结构的甲基丙烯酸酯选自甲基丙烯酸磺基甜菜碱、甲基丙烯酸羧甜菜碱中的一种或多种的混合;
所述甲基丙烯酸酯类选自甲基丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸 N’N-二甲基酰胺、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯中的一种或多种的混合;
所述交联剂选自二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯,二甲基丙烯酸丁二醇酯、三甲基丙烯酸甘油脂中的一种或多种的混合;
所述引发剂为紫外光引发剂或偶氮类热引发剂。
2.如权利要求 1 所述的一种抗菌聚氨酯水凝胶医用敷料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述聚乙二醇:甘油:异氰酸酯质量比为 50:1-3:10-20。
3.如权利要求 1 所述的一种抗菌聚氨酯水凝胶医用敷料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,异氰酸酯封端亲水性预聚体和带有羟基的甲基丙烯酸酯质量比为 250:56-250:77。
4.如权利要求 1 所述的一种抗菌聚氨酯水凝胶医用敷料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中,所述抗菌聚氨酯水凝胶医用敷料含水量在 20%-90%。
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