CN111574257A - Rapid fermentation decomposition agent for livestock and poultry manure treatment and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

A rapid fermentation decomposing agent for livestock and poultry manure treatment and a preparation method thereof are disclosed, wherein each 100g of the rapid fermentation decomposing agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10.0-50.0 g of beta-D-glucose, 0.01-3.0 g of glucose oxidase, 0.01-1.0 g of catalase, 10001.0-10.0 g of polyethylene glycol, 20001.0-5.0 g of polyethylene glycol, 80001.0-30.0 g of polyethylene glycol, 0.1-5.0 g of mannan oligosaccharide, 0.1-5.0 g of xylan and the balance of corn starch. The invention further discloses a preparation method of the compound, which has strong process operability, low input cost, favorable production conversion and good market prospect. The fermentation decomposing inoculant has the function of quickly killing pathogens in the livestock and poultry manure, can obviously shorten the time required by the composting fermentation process, enables the manure to be secondarily utilized as a resource, reduces the culture pollution, and is beneficial to environmental protection.

Description

Rapid fermentation decomposition agent for livestock and poultry manure treatment and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection, and particularly relates to a rapid fermentation and decomposition agent for livestock and poultry manure and a preparation method thereof.

Background

With the development of our society and the improvement of living standard of people, animal protein consumption products such as meat, eggs, milk and the like are increased year by year, the development of livestock and poultry breeding industry is directly stimulated, large-scale, intensive and modern farms are gradually raised in various parts of our country, but simultaneously some problems are brought, and the farms generate a large amount of excrement pollution every year. The livestock and poultry manure has great odor, causes certain pollution to air, water sources and soil, and seriously affects the health of people and animals. In addition, pathogenic bacteria, worm eggs and the like in the excrement are easy to spread, and the local epidemic infectious diseases are easy to occur. Therefore, the environmental protection problem and the biological safety problem are two important urgent problems caused by the livestock and poultry manure.

In order to solve the problems, the livestock and poultry manure is required to be subjected to timely harmless treatment after being produced. At present, the popular mode in China is to ferment and decompose excrement by composting measures and finally reuse the excrement as organic fertilizer. Pathogenic bacteria, worm eggs and the like in excrement can be killed in the excrement fermentation process, the finally obtained organic fertilizer can be used for fertilizing crops such as vegetables, flowers, fruits and trees, and compared with chemical fertilizers, the organic fertilizer has the advantages of being sufficient in fertility, environment-friendly, good in taste after the crops are produced, and the like. In addition, the fermented excrement can also be used as a base material for planting mushrooms, raising earthworms and the like, so that the fermented excrement can be reused. Compost fermentation and decomposition are the most common method for harmlessly treating feces in the current production, particularly, the livestock and poultry feces are piled into one feces pile or directly discharged into a fermentation tank for fermentation treatment, and the method has the characteristics of low cost, good effect, small environmental pollution and the like, and is particularly suitable for most of small and medium-sized farms in China.

The compost fermentation treatment of the culture manure has various advantages, but the problem of inevitable defects is urgently needed to be solved.

Firstly, the initial stage of compost fermentation is a temperature rise stage, and because the fermentation microorganisms in the compost fermentation are not propagated in large quantity and are insufficient in quantity, the excrement still has a large odor, the period of 2-7 days is probably provided according to different animal types, different seasons and the like, and the surrounding environment is still seriously influenced in the period. In addition, at this stage, a large amount of live pathogenic microorganisms, worm eggs, and the like are present in feces and easily spread, resulting in the spread of diseases.

Secondly, for small and medium-sized farms which account for a large proportion of China, due to the lack of special turning and throwing equipment, piled excrement air cannot enter, so that the propagation of aerobic microorganisms is seriously influenced, the fermentation and decomposition time is prolonged, the production efficiency is low, and pathogenic microorganisms and ova in the livestock cannot be killed in time.

Finally, the defects of the prior art cause the fermentation and decomposition of the manure to be long, the production and turnover speed of the organic fertilizer to be slow, a large amount of land resources are occupied for a long time, the land can not be fully utilized, and the environment is greatly influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a fermentation decomposing inoculant for rapidly treating livestock and poultry manure, and a preparation method thereof. The quick manure fermentation decomposing agent disclosed by the invention can quickly kill pathogenic microorganisms in the early temperature rise stage of composting, control the pathogen diffusion and environmental pollution in time, help aerobic microorganisms to quickly and massively propagate in the high temperature stage, accelerate the manure fermentation decomposing speed, ensure more thorough fermentation decomposing in the later stage and improve the quality of organic fertilizers.

Based on the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a rapid fermentation decomposing agent for livestock and poultry manure treatment comprises the following components in every 100g by weight: 10.0-50.0 g of beta-D-glucose, 0.01-3.0 g of glucose oxidase, 0.01-1.0 g of catalase, 10001.0-10.0 g of polyethylene glycol, 20001.0-5.0 g of polyethylene glycol, 80001.0-30.0 g of polyethylene glycol, 0.1-5.0 g of mannan oligosaccharide, 0.1-5.0 g of xylan and the balance of corn starch.

Preferably, the fermentation decomposing inoculant comprises the following components in weight per 100 g: 15.0-45.0 g of beta-D-glucose, 1.0-2.0 g of glucose oxidase, 0.2-0.8 g of catalase, 10002.0-9.0 g of polyethylene glycol, 20002.0-4.0 g of polyethylene glycol, 80005.0-25.0 g of polyethylene glycol, 1.0-4.0 g of mannan oligosaccharide, 1.0-4.0 g of xylan and the balance of corn starch.

More preferably, 30.0g of beta-D-glucose, 1.5g of glucose oxidase, 0.5g of catalase, 10005.0g of polyethylene glycol, 20003.0 g of polyethylene glycol, 800020.0 g of polyethylene glycol, 2.5g of mannan oligosaccharide, 2.5g of xylan and 35.0g of corn starch.

The preparation method of the rapid fermentation decomposing inoculant for livestock and poultry manure treatment comprises the following steps:

(1) heating polyethylene glycol 1000 to melt the polyethylene glycol into a liquid state, mixing glucose oxidase and catalase, adding the mixture into the molten polyethylene glycol 1000, mixing, placing the mixture in an environment at 4 ℃ for cooling, and converting the system from a liquid state to a solid state to obtain a system 1;

(2) mixing polyethylene glycol 2000 and polyethylene glycol 8000, heating to melt into liquid, mixing mannan oligosaccharide and xylan, adding into the mixed solution of molten polyethylene glycol 2000 and polyethylene glycol 8000, stirring, rapidly cooling at 4 deg.C, and making the system change from liquid state to solid state to obtain system 2;

(3) pulverizing system 1 and system 2 respectively, sieving with 60 mesh sieve, mixing with beta-D-glucose and corn starch, and packaging.

The invention has reasonable formula, has obvious acceleration effect on the fermentation and decomposition process of the livestock and poultry manure, accelerates the killing speed of pathogenic microorganisms in the manure, reduces the environmental pollution and improves the utilization rate of a composting site. The pathogenic bacteria and ova of the fermented organic fertilizer are killed more timely and thoroughly, and the biological safety of a farm is effectively guaranteed.

In the formula of the invention, the components have the following effects:

1) the combination of the beta-D-glucose, the glucose oxidase and the catalase is selected because the glucose oxidase has the function of oxidizing the beta-D-glucose, one molecule of hydrogen peroxide can be obtained after oxidation, the hydrogen peroxide can be decomposed into one monatomic oxygen of one molecule of water under the action of the catalase, and the monatomic oxygen has strong oxidizing property and can efficiently kill harmful pathogens in the fecal sewage. In addition, the monatomic oxygen can also be combined to generate oxygen, thereby providing conditions for the propagation of aerobic microorganisms in the excrement and accelerating the fermentation and decomposition process.

2) Polyethylene glycol 1000 is selected as an auxiliary material because polyethylene glycol 1000 has strong inertia, does not react with other components, has a melting point of about 37 ℃, is liquid at the temperature of above 37 ℃ and is solid at the temperature of below 37 ℃, in addition, the temperature of about 37 ℃ does not damage and denature glucose oxidase, catalase and the like, the two enzymes are added in a molten state and are rapidly cooled, the system is solidified and converted into a solid solution, and the glucose oxidase and the catalase are uniformly dispersed in the system, so that the polyethylene glycol 1000 has the function of protecting the two enzymes, and the enzyme activity is prevented from being denatured and reduced in the later transportation and storage processes. After the invention is added into the excrement, the early stage belongs to a temperature rise stage, the temperature gradually rises along with the fermentation, and the polyethylene glycol 1000 is gradually melted into liquid when the temperature exceeds 37 ℃, so that the glucose oxidase and the catalase dispersed in the liquid are released, and the effects of sterilization, oxygen generation and the like are exerted by oxidizing beta-D-glucose and decomposing hydrogen peroxide. It can be stated that, during the storage of the product, the polyethylene glycol 1000 mainly plays a role in protecting the glucose oxidase and the catalase, and during the use of the product, the glucose oxidase and the catalase can be quickly released, so that the effects of accelerating the fecal sewage fermentation and sterilization can be achieved.

3) Polyethylene glycol 2000 and polyethylene glycol 8000 are selected as auxiliary materials, and one is that the two have stronger inertia and do not have chemical reaction on mannan oligosaccharide and xylan; the second is that the melting point of the two is between 50 and 60 ℃ after the two are mixed. After the system is heated and melted into liquid, the mannan oligosaccharide and the xylan are added, the mixture is stirred and dispersed uniformly, and then is rapidly cooled, the system is converted into a solid state to form a solid solution, the mannan oligosaccharide and the xylan are uniformly dispersed in the solid solution, and the polyethylene glycol 2000 and the polyethylene glycol 8000 have the functions of protecting the mannan oligosaccharide and the xylan, so that the mannan oligosaccharide and the xylan are prevented from being melted in the early temperature rise stage and being utilized by other microorganisms in excrement. The mannan oligosaccharide and xylan are mainly used by aerobic microorganisms at a high temperature stage, so that the mannan oligosaccharide and xylan can be rapidly propagated, the time of the high temperature stage is shortened, and the production efficiency is improved.

4) The mannan-oligosaccharide and xylan are selected as main components because the mannose-oligosaccharide and xylan are easily utilized by aerobic microorganisms playing a main fermentation role in excrement, and harmful pathogens such as escherichia coli, salmonella, worm eggs and the like cannot be utilized, so that the characteristic can selectively accelerate the propagation of aerobic fermentation bacteria and shorten the fermentation and decomposition time.

5) Corn starch is adopted as an auxiliary material, on one hand, the starch belongs to carbohydrates, and can provide energy for the propagation of fermentation microorganisms and accelerate fermentation; on the other hand, when the corn starch is used as an auxiliary material, the prepared product has good stability, the phenomena of instability such as caking, discoloration and the like can not occur in the later storage process, the quality guarantee period is greatly prolonged, and the corn starch is easier to uniformly spread and stir when in use.

Besides the advantages of the formula, the invention has simple process and strong operability, does not need to introduce complicated special production equipment, can be produced in most production workshops, has low manufacturing cost, and is beneficial to large-area popularization of the fermentation decomposition agent.

Compared with the prior art, the invention achieves the technical effects that:

firstly, the manure rapid fermentation decomposition agent gradually melts polyethylene glycol 1000 into liquid along with the temperature rise in the temperature rise stage of compost, glucose oxidase and catalase are released, a substrate beta-D-glucose is decomposed, simultaneously generated hydrogen peroxide is decomposed, the product monatomic oxygen can be rapidly sterilized, and the generated oxygen can help aerobic bacteria in the manure to accelerate propagation. Compared with the prior art, the sterilization is more thorough, the aerobic bacteria fermentation effect is stronger, the temperature rise is faster, and the fermentation period is shortened.

Secondly, when the manure piles enter a high-temperature stage through a temperature rise stage, the temperature can reach more than 60 ℃, at the moment, the polyethylene glycol 2000 and the polyethylene glycol 8000 are melted from a solid state into a liquid state, and mannan oligosaccharide and xylan are released and are quickly utilized by high-temperature aerobic bacteria in the manure piles, so that the propagation, metabolism and heat generation are accelerated, the high-temperature manure piles further ensure the sterilization thoroughness and the fermentation decomposition effect, the quality of the organic fertilizer is ensured, and the fermentation period of the high-temperature stage is greatly shortened.

Finally, the product of the invention has stable property and strong operability of the preparation process, and can be produced and converted without putting special equipment. After the excrement is rapidly fermented and decomposed, the excrement can be reused as a renewable resource, the pollution to air, soil, water sources and the like around a farm is reduced, the environment is protected, and the market prospect is very wide.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be specifically illustrated by the following examples, but these specific embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention in any way.

Examples 1 to 11

For the sake of simplicity of the description, the weight compositions of the rapid fermentation decomposing agents for livestock and poultry manure treatment described in examples 1-11 are given below in the form of tables, and are specifically shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 weight composition of fermentation Maturity agent of the present invention per 100g in examples 1-11

The preparation method of the rapid fermentation decomposition agent for livestock and poultry manure treatment described in the embodiments 1-11 comprises the following steps:

(1) heating polyethylene glycol 1000 to 40 ℃ to melt the polyethylene glycol into a liquid state, uniformly mixing glucose oxidase and catalase, adding the mixture into the molten polyethylene glycol 1000, uniformly stirring, rapidly placing the mixture in an environment of 4 ℃ for cooling, and then converting the system from a liquid state to a solid state to obtain a system 1;

(2) uniformly mixing polyethylene glycol 2000 and polyethylene glycol 8000, heating to 50-60 ℃, melting to be in a liquid state, uniformly mixing mannan oligosaccharide and xylan, adding into the molten mixed liquid of polyethylene glycol 2000 and polyethylene glycol 8000, stirring uniformly, rapidly placing in an environment of 4 ℃ for cooling, and then converting the system from a liquid state to a solid state to obtain a system 2;

(3) pulverizing system 1 and system 2 respectively, sieving with 60 mesh sieve, mixing with beta-D-glucose and corn starch, and packaging.

Test examples 1 to 2:

test example 1 stability test of the product of the present invention

The samples of the examples 1 to 11 of the invention are taken, the samples of the examples are respectively placed at the normal temperature of 25 ℃, at the low temperature of 4 ℃ and at the freezing temperature of-20 ℃, and are respectively sampled and observed at 0d, 15d, 30d, 90d and 180d, and the results show that the products obtained by the examples have no caking, discoloration and the like, have basically unchanged properties and have better stability.

Test example 2 experiment of clinical fermentation decomposing effect

Clinical tests prove that the quick fermentation effect of the invention and the killing effect on pathogenic bacteria in excrement.

Selecting about 15m from the same pig farm³The fresh pig manure is piled into 3 fermentation piles with the same size and volume, namely a No. 1 fermentation pile, a No. 2 fermentation pile and a No. 3 fermentation pile, wherein each pile is about 5m³Wherein, No. 1 fermentation pile is not treated and naturally composted and fermented, No. 2 fermentation pile is mixed with probiotic leaven sold in certain manufacturers according to the dosage of 0.2 percent and is used as a competitive product contrast, No. 3 fermentation pile is mixed with the rapid fermentation decomposition agent prepared in the embodiment 1 according to the dosage of 0.2 percent. The test starts to time after each group of dung piles are completely prepared, the fermentation temperature in the dung piles is measured every 12 hours, and the dung piles are used forThe length of time required for the temperature rise phase of the fermentation was calculated based on the measured data of a depth of 40cm below the surface, and the results are shown in Table 2.

In order to verify the killing effect of the fermentation decomposition maturing agent on pathogenic microorganisms in excrement in the temperature rising stage, 5 excrement pile samples are respectively collected to detect the quantity of escherichia coli after each excrement pile group reaches 45 ℃, and in order to ensure the accuracy of experimental data and reduce experimental errors, the sampling positions of all the excrement pile groups are 40cm below the surface of the excrement pile group. Since the colony of Escherichia coli grows on Macconka agar medium and shows pink color, the collected fecal sample is treated according to the characteristic, inoculated to the Macconka agar medium and cultured for 24h at 37 ℃, and the number (number/g) of Escherichia coli in each gram of sample is converted according to the number of the colony and the weight of the sample, and the result is shown in Table 3.

When the temperature of the fermentation piles No. 1, 2 and 3 exceeds 45 ℃, the high-temperature stage is started, the day of reaching 45 ℃ is 1d, the temperature is measured every 1d, the time required by the high-temperature stage of fermentation is calculated based on the measurement data of the depth of 40cm below the surface of the manure pile, and the result is shown in Table 4.

According to industry judgment standards, the fermentation of feces is generally divided into a temperature rise stage, a high temperature stage and a later decomposition stage. The temperature rise stage is generally the starting period of the manure fermentation, and refers to the stage when the manure heap rises from the environmental temperature to 45 ℃; the high-temperature stage is a high-temperature microorganism heat production fermentation stage, and the temperature of the general fermentation high-temperature stage of the pig manure is between 45 and 70 ℃; the later decomposition stage refers to the process of cooling the manure pile and forming humus after the high-temperature stage, and the temperature is gradually reduced from the highest temperature to the room temperature.

TABLE 2 comparison of fermentation time of the fast manure fermentation decomposing agent of the present invention in the temperature rising stage

Time of day	0h	12h	At 24h	36h	48h	At 60h	72h
								Stack temperature (. degree. C.) No. 1	16.3	18.4	22.1	26.6	32.8	37.2	45.8
Number 2 fermentation pile (. degree. C.)	16.3	22.2	28.3	33.6	46.4	——	——
								Number 3 fermentation pile (. degree. C.)	16.3	31.5	45.6	——	——	——	——

And (4) analyzing results:

when the temperature of the stack No. 1 exceeds 45 ℃, the time length of about 72 hours is needed; when the temperature of the No. 2 stack exceeds 45 ℃, the time duration is 48 hours; the time for which the temperature of the stack No. 3 exceeds 45 ℃ is only 24 hours. The temperature rising stages of fermentation of the manure piles of No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3 can be expressed as 72h, 48h and 24h respectively, and the fermentation temperature rising speed of the manure pile of No. 3 is obviously higher than that of the manure pile of No. 1 and the manure pile of No. 2.

And (4) test conclusion: the quick manure fermentation decomposition agent has the function of remarkably accelerating the fermentation speed in the temperature rise stage.

TABLE 3 comparison of the killing effect of the fast manure fermenting decomposing agent of the present invention on Escherichia coli in the temperature raising stage

Group of

Sample 1

Sample 2

Sample 3

Sample 4

Sampling 5

Average number of

Pile of No. 1 Escherichia coli (one/g)

3.6×104

9.4×103

5.0×104

2.3×104

3.7×104

3.1×104

Pile of No. 2 Escherichia coli (one/g)

2.6×103

8.8×103

7.2×103

6.9×103

1.5×104

8.1×103

Pile of No. 3 Escherichia coli (one/g)

4.7×102

1.4×103

3.0×102

2.1×102

8.2×102

6.4×102

And (4) analyzing results:

at the end of the warm-up phase 1, the average number of E.coli in the manure pile was 3.1 × 10⁴The average number of colibacillus in the manure pile is 8.1 × 10 at the end of the heating stage of No. 2 pile³The average number of colibacillus in the manure pile is 6.4 × 10 at the end of the heating stage of No. 3 pile²Per gram.

And (4) test conclusion: the fast manure fermentation decomposition agent has the function of remarkably and fast killing colibacillus pathogeny in the manure in the temperature rise stage, and prevents the spreading of the colibacillus pathogeny to pollute the environment.

TABLE 4 comparison of fermentation time required for the fast manure fermentation decomposing agent of the present invention in the high temperature stage

Time of day	1d th	2d th	No. 3d	4d th	5d th	6d th	7d th	8d th	9d th	10d th
											Stack temperature (. degree. C.) No. 1	45.8	49.4	53.1	56.6	59.3	62.4	66.2	68.8	70.9	70.8
Number 2 fermentation pile (. degree. C.)	46.4	51.7	55.3	60.6	67.4	70.7	70.6	70.5	70.9	70.4
											Number 3 fermentation pile (. degree. C.)	45.6	55.5	66.6	70.1	70.8	70.5	70.6	70.6	70.8	70.5

And (4) analyzing results:

the temperature of the No. 1 pile reaches more than 70 ℃ in the 9 th day after entering the high temperature stage; the temperature of the No. 2 stack reaches more than 70 ℃ in the 6d temperature after entering the high temperature stage; the temperature of the No. 3 pile reaches over 70 ℃ after the No. 4d temperature enters the high-temperature stage. The high temperature phases, which can be expressed as manure pile fermentation numbers 1, 2 and 3, are 9d, 6d and 4d, respectively, from which it can be seen that the fermentation speed of pile number 3 is significantly faster than pile number 1 and pile number 2.

And (4) test conclusion: the quick manure fermentation decomposition agent has the function of remarkably improving the fermentation speed at the high-temperature stage.

Claims (4)

1. A quick fermentation decomposing agent for livestock and poultry manure treatment is characterized in that every 100g of the decomposing agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10.0-50.0 g of beta-D-glucose, 0.01-3.0 g of glucose oxidase, 0.01-1.0 g of catalase, 10001.0-10.0 g of polyethylene glycol, 20001.0-5.0 g of polyethylene glycol, 80001.0-30.0 g of polyethylene glycol, 0.1-5.0 g of mannan oligosaccharide, 0.1-5.0 g of xylan and the balance of corn starch.

2. The fast fermentation decomposing agent for livestock and poultry manure treatment according to claim 1, wherein the weight of the decomposing agent per 100g is as follows: 15.0-45.0 g of beta-D-glucose, 1.0-2.0 g of glucose oxidase, 0.2-0.8 g of catalase, 10002.0-9.0 g of polyethylene glycol, 20002.0-4.0 g of polyethylene glycol, 80005.0-25.0 g of polyethylene glycol, 1.0-4.0 g of mannan oligosaccharide, 1.0-4.0 g of xylan and the balance of corn starch.

3. The fast fermentation decomposing agent for livestock and poultry manure treatment according to claim 2, wherein the weight of the decomposing agent per 100g is as follows: 30.0g of beta-D-glucose, 1.5g of glucose oxidase, 0.5g of catalase, 10005.0g of polyethylene glycol, 20003.0 g of polyethylene glycol, 800020.0 g of polyethylene glycol, 2.5g of mannan oligosaccharide, 2.5g of xylan and 35.0g of corn starch.

4. The method for preparing the rapid fermentation decomposition agent for the livestock and poultry manure treatment according to claim 1, 2 or 3, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) heating polyethylene glycol 1000 to melt the polyethylene glycol into liquid, mixing glucose oxidase and catalase, adding the mixture into the molten polyethylene glycol 1000, mixing, placing the mixture in an environment at 4 ℃ for cooling, and then converting the system from the liquid state into the solid state to obtain a system 1;

(2) mixing polyethylene glycol 2000 and polyethylene glycol 8000, heating to melt into liquid, mixing mannan oligosaccharide and xylan, adding into the mixed solution of molten polyethylene glycol 2000 and polyethylene glycol 8000, stirring, rapidly cooling at 4 deg.C, and making the system change from liquid state to solid state to obtain system 2;

(3) pulverizing system 1 and system 2 respectively, sieving with 60 mesh sieve, mixing with beta-D-glucose and corn starch, and packaging.