CN111572161A - 一种可折角pvc刚柔复合板及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种可折角pvc刚柔复合板及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111572161A
CN111572161A CN201911399712.4A CN201911399712A CN111572161A CN 111572161 A CN111572161 A CN 111572161A CN 201911399712 A CN201911399712 A CN 201911399712A CN 111572161 A CN111572161 A CN 111572161A
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pvc
rigid
layer
flexible
angle
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CN111572161B (zh
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王永根
朱快
赖圣场
杨大平
曹晓花
陈子豪
裴旭
徐廷博
岳朔颐
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Greentown Construction Technology Group Co ltd
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Greentown Decoration Engineering Group Co Ltd
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    • B32B37/10Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the pressing technique, e.g. using action of vacuum or fluid pressure
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种可折角PVC刚柔复合板及其制备方法,包括刚性层、柔性层和饰面层,刚性层上开设有阳角槽和阴角槽,刚性层原料包括:PVC树脂,钙锌复合稳定剂,硬脂酸,聚乙烯蜡,聚丙烯酸酯,氯化聚乙烯,竹木粉,碳酸钙石粉,偶氮二甲酰胺,抗菌填料和碘化钠;柔性层原料包括:PVC树脂,PVC柔软剂,钙锌复合稳定剂,硬脂酸,聚乙烯蜡,碳酸钙石粉,偶氮二甲酰胺,抗菌填料和碘化钠。本发明采用刚柔复合结构,具有良好的抗冲击性;可沿阴阳角槽弯折,阴阳转角可实现无缝拼接;添加抗菌填料,提高板材力学性能,并使板材可以防水防霉;刚性层、柔性层和饰面层一起热压复合成型,工艺简单,避免了胶水的使用,更加节能环保。

Description

一种可折角PVC刚柔复合板及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑材料技术领域,尤其是涉及一种可折角PVC刚柔复合板及其制备方法。
背景技术
PVC是一种热塑性高分子材料,在板材中经常与木材(木纤维素、植物纤维素)、石粉等混合加工成木塑板、石塑板等新型复合装饰材料,因其兼有木材和塑料或石粉和塑料的性能与特征,在室内装饰等领域得到了广泛应用。
传统的木塑板或石塑板抗折性差,易折断,用于墙面或地面装饰时,遇到拐角处,必须将板材锯开后再通过阴角线或阳角线进行拼接,例如,在中国专利文献上公开的“一种阳角结构”,其公告号CN207110308U,包括相互垂直设置的木塑板及设置在木塑板上的瓷砖,所述木塑板端部分别设有阳角子件、阳角母件,所述阳角子件包括第二卡接壁、与第二卡接壁固定连接的第二型材安装槽及与第二型材安装槽固定连接第二固定壁,所述第二卡接壁上设有卡接凹点,阳角母件包括第一卡接壁,与第一卡接壁固定连接的第一型材安装槽及与第一型材安装槽固定连接的第一固定壁,所述第一卡接壁上与卡接凹点对应的位置处设有卡接凸点。
因此传统的板材在转角处的施工过程繁琐,板材连接稳固性差,并且影响装饰效果。
发明内容
本发明是为了克服现有技术中的复合板材抗折性差,易折断,用于墙面或地面装饰时,遇到拐角处,必须将板材锯开后再通过阴角线或阳角线进行拼接,施工过程繁琐,板材连接稳固性差,并且影响装饰效果的问题,提供一种可折角PVC刚柔复合板及其制备方法,将力学性能好、不易形变的刚性层和抗弯折性好的柔性层复合,使得制得的PVC刚柔复合板具有良好的力学性能、不易断裂和形变的同时,在转角处可以进行弯折,不需要裁断再用阳角线和阴角线连接,简化施工过程,保证装饰效果。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种可折角PVC刚柔复合板,包括依次贴合设置的刚性层、柔性层和饰面层,所述刚性层上开设有阳角槽和阴角槽,以质量分数计,所述刚性层原料包括:13~15%PVC树脂,1.5~1.8%钙锌复合稳定剂,0.5~0.7%硬脂酸,0.4~0.6%聚乙烯蜡,2~3%聚丙烯酸酯,2~3%氯化聚乙烯,15~20%竹木粉,40~60%碳酸钙石粉,0.8~1.2%偶氮二甲酰胺,5~10%的抗菌填料和1~2%的碘化钠;所述柔性层原料包括:42~50%PVC树脂,1.2~1.5%PVC柔软剂,3~4%钙锌复合稳定剂,0.5~0.7%硬脂酸,0.4~0.6%聚乙烯蜡,30~50%碳酸钙石粉,1.2~1.5%偶氮二甲酰胺,5~10%的抗菌填料和1~2%的碘化钠。
本发明的PVC刚柔复合板包括刚性层、柔性层和饰面层,采用刚柔复合结构,使得复合板柔性带刚,所以弹性很好,在重物的冲击下有着良好的弹性恢复,同时钢柔复合结构使得复合板具有很强的抗冲击性,对于重物冲击破坏有很强的弹性恢复,不易造成损坏。
刚性层主要由PVC、竹木粉和碳酸钙石粉合成,因此其具有同木材相类似的加工性能,可锯、可钉、可刨,且握钉力强,固定墙上十分牢固,不会出现脱落问题;同时又因为添加了PVC粉,与木材相比,其具有较强的耐酸碱腐蚀性、防水防潮性和防火阻燃性。柔性层主要由填充了碳酸钙石粉的PVC合成,并且添加PVC柔软剂,使得柔性层的硬度和脆性降低,与刚性层相比具有了良好的可弯折性,在刚性层上开设阳角槽和阴角槽后,将复合板沿阳角槽和阴角槽弯折90°柔性层可保证不断裂,使得复合板的裁剪、拼接简单便捷,阴、阳转角可实现无缝拼接,实现现场无损耗施工,且装饰效果美观。饰面层可根据装饰需求个性化定制图案、纹理、材质等,配以丰富多彩的附料和装饰条,能组合出美观的装饰效果。
刚性层中的聚丙烯酸酯和氯化聚乙烯可以提高板材的抗冲击性;刚性层和柔性层原料中的改新复合稳定剂可以防止PVC高温老化;硬脂酸和聚乙烯蜡为润滑剂,使得原料更易成型,避免原料浪费;偶氮二甲酰胺为发泡剂,使得制备出的刚性层和柔性层为发泡材料,降低板材密度,使板材轻质化。而将刚性层和柔性层制备成发泡材料后,会影响其抗冲击性能等力学性能,因此本发明还在刚性层和柔性层材料中添加抗菌填料,不但可以增强板材的力学性能,提高板材的抗冲击性和耐磨性,还可以使板材具有防水防霉的效果,改善了板材的使用性能。
因此本发明中的PVC刚柔复合板采用刚柔复合结构,具有良好的抗冲击性,在重物冲击下具有很强的弹性恢复,不易损坏;复合板可沿刚性层上的阴、阳角槽任意弯折,柔性层不会发生断裂,阴、阳转角可实现无缝拼接,使得复合板的裁剪、拼接简单便捷且装饰效果美观。
作为优选,刚性层和柔性层原料中的抗菌填料为端羟基聚硅氧烷钠接枝的纳米二氧化钛,其制备方法为:先将纳米二氧化钛加入无水乙醇中,搅拌混合均匀后加入硅烷偶联剂,70~90℃下搅拌5~8h后过滤干燥得改性纳米二氧化钛,纳米二氧化钛与无水乙醇和硅烷偶联剂的质量体积比为:(80~90g):(80~120mL):(1~2mL);然后将制得的改性纳米二氧化钛分散在四氢呋喃中,加入二环己基碳二亚胺和端羟基聚硅氧烷钠,75-85℃下反应20~30h,所得产物用甲醇、四氢呋喃反复洗涤后干燥得所述端羟基聚硅氧烷钠接枝的纳米二氧化钛,改性纳米二氧化钛、二环己基碳二亚胺和端羟基聚硅氧烷钠的质量比为100:(15-20):(80-90)。
本发明使用纳米二氧化钛作为抗菌填料,可以有效提高板材的抗菌性、耐磨性、耐候性及抗冲击性能,使板材不易损坏且具有防水防霉的效果。但如果直接将纳米二氧化钛与PVC有机材料混合,二者相容性差,纳米二氧化钛在PVC基体中的分散性也不好,易团聚,导致制备出的板材力学性能下降,易开裂。
因此本发明在纳米二氧化钛表面接枝大分子有机疏水基团端羟基聚硅氧烷钠,对纳米二氧化钛进行表面改性,提高纳米二氧化钛的分散性和与有机基体PVC的相容性。先用硅烷偶联剂对纳米二氧化钛进行表面处理,得到表面带氨基的改性纳米二氧化钛;然后使表面含有氨基的纳米二氧化钛与端羟基聚硅氧烷钠发生缩合反应,使端羟基聚硅氧烷钠接枝在纳米二氧化钛表面。
刚性层和柔性层材料中的碘化钠可以与PVC材料在高温下生成碘化PVC,碘化PVC中的碘离子不仅是一个好的亲核试剂,也是一个好的离去基团,易于亲核试剂发生取代反应,而接枝在纳米二氧化钛表面的端羟基聚硅氧烷钠可以作为亲核试剂,与碘化PVC发生亲核取代反应,取代碘化PVC中的碘,从而将端羟基聚硅氧烷钠的一端接在PVC分子骨架上,使得纳米二氧化钛和PVC基体之间通过聚二甲硅氧烷连接,有效提高了纳米二氧化钛与PVC的相容性,并使纳米二氧化钛可以均匀分散在PVC基体中,防止纳米二氧化钛团聚导致板材力学性能下降;并且接枝在PVC与纳米二氧化钛之间的聚二甲硅氧烷具有良好的疏水性,可以有效提高板材的疏水性能,提高复合板材的防水防潮性能;同时PVC与纳米二氧化钛之间隔着一层大分子聚二甲硅氧烷层,在板材受到外力冲击时,聚二甲硅氧烷层对PVC和纳米二氧化钛之间形成应力传递,通过吸收外力进一步提高了板材的抗冲击性能。
作为优选,饰面层选自UV光固化印花膜层、墙纸、墙布、科技木皮、铝皮、耐磨PVC和PE膜中的一种。
作为优选,刚性层的厚度为7~8mm,柔性层的厚度为1~2mm。刚性层和柔性层在此厚度范围内,可保证复合板既具有良好的力学性能,又可以成功弯折,实现阴阳角无缝拼接。
作为优选,刚性层上的阳角槽横截面呈V型,阴角槽横截面呈U型。弯折成阳角时,将复合板沿阳角槽向内弯折,使V型的阳角槽的两个侧壁内表面贴合,从而得到阳角;弯折成阴角时,将复合板沿阴角槽向外弯折,使U型的阴角槽的两个侧壁呈90°夹角,从而得到阴角。
本发明还公开了一种上述可折角PVC刚柔复合板的制备方法,包括如下步骤:包括如下步骤:
(1)按比例将PVC树脂、钙锌复合稳定剂,硬脂酸,聚乙烯蜡,聚丙烯酸酯和氯化聚乙烯混合均匀,挤压造粒,冷却至室温后碾粉得刚性层PVC粉;将刚性层PVC粉与竹木粉、碳酸钙石粉、偶氮二甲酰胺、抗菌填料和碘化钠按比例混合,通过挤出机挤出成型得到刚性层坯料;
(2)按比例将PVC树脂、PVC柔软剂、钙锌复合稳定剂、硬脂酸和聚乙烯蜡混合均匀,挤压造粒,冷却至室温后碾粉得柔性层PVC粉;将柔性层PVC粉与碳酸钙石粉、偶氮二甲酰胺、抗菌填料和碘化钠按比例混合,通过挤出机将柔性层坯料挤出成型在刚性层坯料上;
(3)将饰面层放置在柔性层坯料表面,与柔性层坯料和刚性层坯料一起热压复合,冷却后得到配料,根据设计使用要求切割得到所述可折角PVC刚柔复合板。
作为优选,步骤(1)和(2)中挤压造粒和挤出成型时的温度为175~185℃。
作为优选,步骤(3)中的热压复合时热压机的参数为:温度170~190℃,压力2~4MPa,压制时间10~15min。
本发明先将刚性层和柔性层挤出成型,然后和饰面层一起热压复合成型,工艺简单,容易操作,避免了胶水的使用,更加节能环保。制得的板材膨胀率和收缩率都比较小,性能更加稳定,耐高温,使用寿命长。
因此,本发明具有如下有益效果:
(1)采用刚柔复合结构,具有良好的抗冲击性,在重物冲击下具有很强的弹性恢复,不易损坏;
(2)复合板可沿刚性层上的阴、阳角槽任意弯折,柔性层不会发生断裂,阴、阳转角可实现无缝拼接,使得复合板的裁剪、拼接简单便捷且装饰效果美观;
(3)添加抗菌填料,提高板材力学性能,并使板材可以防水防霉,抗菌填料采用经端羟基聚硅氧烷钠接枝改性的纳米二氧化钛,可以与碘化钠和PVC反应,使得纳米二氧化钛和PVC基体之间通过聚二甲硅氧烷连接,有效提高了纳米二氧化钛与PVC的相容性,并使纳米二氧化钛可以均匀分散在PVC基体中,防止纳米二氧化钛团聚导致板材力学性能下降;并且接枝在PVC与纳米二氧化钛之间的聚二甲硅氧烷具有良好的疏水性,可以有效提高板材的疏水性能,提高复合板材的防水防潮性能;同时PVC与纳米二氧化钛之间隔着一层大分子聚二甲硅氧烷层,在板材受到外力冲击时,聚二甲硅氧烷层对PVC和纳米二氧化钛之间形成应力传递,通过吸收外力进一步提高了板材的抗冲击性能;
(4)先将刚性层和柔性层挤出成型,然后和饰面层一起热压复合成型,工艺简单,容易操作,避免了胶水的使用,更加节能环保;制得的板材膨胀率和收缩率都比较小,性能更加稳定,耐高温,使用寿命长。
附图说明
图1是本发明中PVC刚柔复合板的一种结构示意图。
图2是本发明中PVC刚柔复合板的弯折结构示意图。
图中:1刚性层、2柔性层、3饰面层、4阳角槽、401凸起部、402凹陷部、403矩形容纳腔、5阴角槽、6阳角加固件、601阳角定位部、602阳角卡位部、7阴角加固件、701阴角定位部、702阴角卡位部、703弧形连接段、704加强筋。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图与具体实施方式对本发明做进一步的描述。
如图1所示,本发明各实施例中的制备出的一种可折角PVC刚柔复合板,包括依次贴合设置的刚性层1、柔性层2和饰面层3,刚性层上开设有横截面呈V型的阳角槽4和横截面呈U型的阴角槽5。阳角槽的两个侧壁之间夹角为90°,两个侧壁分别呈台阶状,包括靠近柔性层一侧的凸起部401和远离柔性层一侧的凹陷部402。
如图2所示,施工过程中遇到阳角时,将复合板沿阳角槽向内弯折,使阳角槽两侧的复合板的刚性层相互靠近,直至V型的阳角槽的两个侧壁上的凸起部表面贴合,从而使柔性层和饰面层一侧弯折形成阳角,此时阳角槽两个侧壁上的凹陷部之间形成矩形容纳腔403。在弯折成阳角的复合板刚性层一侧设有铝合金的阳角加固件6,阳角加固件包括两个呈L型设置的阳角定位部601,以及设置在两个阳角定位部连接部分外侧的阳角卡位部602,两个阳角定位部分别与两侧的复合板的刚性层贴合,阳角卡位部位于矩形容纳腔内,两个阳角定位部远离连接处的一端分别向内弯折形成加固翻边603,阳角定位部通过螺栓和刚性层连接。
当施工过程中遇到阴角时,将复合板沿阴角槽向外弯折,使阴角槽两侧的复合板的刚性层相互远离,直至U型的阴角槽的两个侧壁呈90°夹角,从而使柔性层和饰面层一侧弯折形成阴角。在弯折成阴角的复合板刚性层一侧设有铝合金的阴角加固件7,阴角加固件包括两个呈L型设置的阴角定位部701,以及两个呈L型设置在两个阴角定位部内侧且分别与两个阴角定位部垂直的阴角卡位部702,两个阴角卡位部的连接处通过向内凹的弧形连接段703连接,阴角定位部和阴角卡位部之间形成正方形的定位腔,定位腔内设有两端分别与两个阴角卡位部和阴角定位部连接处连接的加强筋704,两个阴角卡位部分别与阴角槽的两个侧壁贴合,弧形连接段与阴角槽内的柔性层贴合,两个阴角定位部位于定位腔外的部分分别与阴角槽两侧的复合板的刚性层贴合,两个阴角定位部远离连接处的一端分别向外弯折形成加固翻边,阴角定位部与刚性层贴合的部分通过螺栓与刚性层连接。
本发明中所使用的原料和设备不经特别说明均为市售或本领域常规原料及设备。
实施例1:
一种可折角PVC刚柔复合板,以质量分数计,刚性层原料包括:14%PVC树脂,18%竹木粉,49.7%碳酸钙石粉,1.7%钙锌复合稳定剂,0.6%硬脂酸,0.5%聚乙烯蜡,2.5%聚丙烯酸酯,2.5%氯化聚乙烯,1.0%偶氮二甲酰胺,8%的抗菌填料和1.5%的碘化钠;柔性层原料包括:45%PVC树脂,38.2%碳酸钙石粉,1.3%PVC柔软剂,3.5%钙锌复合稳定剂,0.6%硬脂酸,0.6%聚乙烯蜡,1.3%偶氮二甲酰胺,8%的抗菌填料和1.5%的碘化钠。刚性层厚度8mm,柔性层厚度1mm,饰面层为PE膜。
抗菌填料为端羟基聚硅氧烷钠接枝的纳米二氧化钛,其制备方法为:先将纳米二氧化钛加入无水乙醇中,搅拌混合均匀后加入硅烷偶联剂,80℃下搅拌6h后过滤干燥得改性纳米二氧化钛,纳米二氧化钛与无水乙醇和硅烷偶联剂的质量体积比为:85g:100mL:1.5mL;然后将制得的改性纳米二氧化钛分散在四氢呋喃中,加入二环己基碳二亚胺和端羟基聚硅氧烷钠,80℃下反应24h,所得产物用甲醇、四氢呋喃反复洗涤后干燥得所述端羟基聚硅氧烷钠接枝的纳米二氧化钛,改性纳米二氧化钛、二环己基碳二亚胺和端羟基聚硅氧烷钠的质量比为100:18:85。
上述可折角PVC刚柔复合板的制备方法为:
(1)按比例将PVC树脂、钙锌复合稳定剂,硬脂酸,聚乙烯蜡,聚丙烯酸酯和氯化聚乙烯在高速混合机中混合30min,180℃挤压造粒,冷却至室温后碾粉得刚性层PVC粉;将刚性层PVC粉与竹木粉、碳酸钙石粉、偶氮二甲酰胺、抗菌填料和碘化钠按比例在高速混合机中混合30min,通过挤出机180℃挤出成型得到刚性层坯料;
(2)按比例将PVC树脂、PVC柔软剂、钙锌复合稳定剂、硬脂酸和聚乙烯蜡在高速混合机中混合30min,180℃挤压造粒,冷却至室温后碾粉得柔性层PVC粉;将柔性层PVC粉与碳酸钙石粉、偶氮二甲酰胺、抗菌填料和碘化钠按比例在高速混合机中混合30min,通过挤出机180℃将柔性层坯料挤出成型在刚性层坯料上;
(3)将饰面层放置在柔性层坯料表面,与柔性层坯料和刚性层坯料一起热压复合,冷却后切割得到所述可折角PVC刚柔复合板,热压机的参数为:温度180℃,压力3MPa,压制时间12min。
实施例2:
一种可折角PVC刚柔复合板,以质量分数计,刚性层原料包括:13%PVC树脂,15%竹木粉,58.8%碳酸钙石粉,1.5%钙锌复合稳定剂,0.5%硬脂酸,0.4%聚乙烯蜡,2%聚丙烯酸酯,2%氯化聚乙烯,0.8%偶氮二甲酰胺,5%的抗菌填料和1%的碘化钠;柔性层原料包括:42%PVC树脂,45.7%碳酸钙石粉,1.2%PVC柔软剂,3%钙锌复合稳定剂,0.5%硬脂酸,0.4%聚乙烯蜡,1.2%偶氮二甲酰胺,5%的抗菌填料和1%的碘化钠。刚性层厚度7mm,柔性层厚度2mm,饰面层为PE膜。
抗菌填料为端羟基聚硅氧烷钠接枝的纳米二氧化钛,其制备方法为:先将纳米二氧化钛加入无水乙醇中,搅拌混合均匀后加入硅烷偶联剂,70℃下搅拌5h后过滤干燥得改性纳米二氧化钛,纳米二氧化钛与无水乙醇和硅烷偶联剂的质量体积比为:80g:80mL:1mL;然后将制得的改性纳米二氧化钛分散在四氢呋喃中,加入二环己基碳二亚胺和端羟基聚硅氧烷钠,75℃下反应20h,所得产物用甲醇、四氢呋喃反复洗涤后干燥得所述端羟基聚硅氧烷钠接枝的纳米二氧化钛,改性纳米二氧化钛、二环己基碳二亚胺和端羟基聚硅氧烷钠的质量比为100:15:80。
上述可折角PVC刚柔复合板的制备方法为:
(1)按比例将PVC树脂、钙锌复合稳定剂,硬脂酸,聚乙烯蜡,聚丙烯酸酯和氯化聚乙烯在高速混合机中混合30min,175℃挤压造粒,冷却至室温后碾粉得刚性层PVC粉;将刚性层PVC粉与竹木粉、碳酸钙石粉、偶氮二甲酰胺、抗菌填料和碘化钠按比例在高速混合机中混合30min,通过挤出机175℃挤出成型得到刚性层坯料;
(2)按比例将PVC树脂、PVC柔软剂、钙锌复合稳定剂、硬脂酸和聚乙烯蜡在高速混合机中混合30min,175℃挤压造粒,冷却至室温后碾粉得柔性层PVC粉;将柔性层PVC粉与碳酸钙石粉、偶氮二甲酰胺、抗菌填料和碘化钠按比例在高速混合机中混合30min,通过挤出机175℃将柔性层坯料挤出成型在刚性层坯料上;
(3)将饰面层放置在柔性层坯料表面,与柔性层坯料和刚性层坯料一起热压复合,冷却后切割得到所述可折角PVC刚柔复合板,热压机的参数为:温度170℃,压力2MPa,压制时间15min。
实施例3:
一种可折角PVC刚柔复合板,以质量分数计,刚性层原料包括:15%PVC树脂,20%竹木粉,42.7%碳酸钙石粉,1.8%钙锌复合稳定剂,0.7%硬脂酸,0.6%聚乙烯蜡,3%聚丙烯酸酯,3%氯化聚乙烯,1.2%偶氮二甲酰胺,10%的抗菌填料和2%的碘化钠;柔性层原料包括:50%PVC树脂,30%碳酸钙石粉,1.5%PVC柔软剂,4%钙锌复合稳定剂,0.7%硬脂酸,0.6%聚乙烯蜡,1.5%偶氮二甲酰胺,9.7%的抗菌填料和2%的碘化钠。刚性层厚度7.5mm,柔性层厚度1.5mm,饰面层为PE膜。
抗菌填料为端羟基聚硅氧烷钠接枝的纳米二氧化钛,其制备方法为:先将纳米二氧化钛加入无水乙醇中,搅拌混合均匀后加入硅烷偶联剂,90℃下搅拌8h后过滤干燥得改性纳米二氧化钛,纳米二氧化钛与无水乙醇和硅烷偶联剂的质量体积比为:90g:120mL:2mL;然后将制得的改性纳米二氧化钛分散在四氢呋喃中,加入二环己基碳二亚胺和端羟基聚硅氧烷钠,85℃下反应30h,所得产物用甲醇、四氢呋喃反复洗涤后干燥得所述端羟基聚硅氧烷钠接枝的纳米二氧化钛,改性纳米二氧化钛、二环己基碳二亚胺和端羟基聚硅氧烷钠的质量比为100:20:90。
上述可折角PVC刚柔复合板的制备方法为:
(1)按比例将PVC树脂、钙锌复合稳定剂,硬脂酸,聚乙烯蜡,聚丙烯酸酯和氯化聚乙烯在高速混合机中混合30min,185℃挤压造粒,冷却至室温后碾粉得刚性层PVC粉;将刚性层PVC粉与竹木粉、碳酸钙石粉、偶氮二甲酰胺、抗菌填料和碘化钠按比例在高速混合机中混合30min,通过挤出机185℃挤出成型得到刚性层坯料;
(2)按比例将PVC树脂、PVC柔软剂、钙锌复合稳定剂、硬脂酸和聚乙烯蜡在高速混合机中混合30min,185℃挤压造粒,冷却至室温后碾粉得柔性层PVC粉;将柔性层PVC粉与碳酸钙石粉、偶氮二甲酰胺、抗菌填料和碘化钠按比例在高速混合机中混合30min,通过挤出机185℃将柔性层坯料挤出成型在刚性层坯料上;
(3)将饰面层放置在柔性层坯料表面,与柔性层坯料和刚性层坯料一起热压复合,冷却后切割得到所述可折角PVC刚柔复合板,热压机的参数为:温度190℃,压力4MPa,压制时间10min。
对比例1:
对比例1与实施例1的区别在于,对比例1中不设置柔性层,刚性层的厚度与实施例2中刚性层与柔性层的总厚度相等,阳角槽和阴角槽的深度与实施例2中刚性层的厚度相同,其余均与实施例1中相同。
对比例2:
对比例2与实施例1的区别在于,对比例2中不设置刚性层,柔性层的厚度与实施例2中刚性层与柔性层的总厚度相等,阳角槽和阴角槽的深度与实施例2中刚性层的厚度相同,其余均与实施例1中相同。
对比例3:
对比例3与实施例1的区别在于,对比例3的刚性层和柔性层原料中不添加抗菌填料和碘化钠,其余均与实施例1中相同。
对上述实施例和对比例中制得的复合板的拉伸强度、抗冲击强度、弯曲强度进行测试,并沿着阳角槽和阴角槽弯折后观察复合板断裂情况,结果如表1所示。
表1:复合板性能测试结果。
编号 抗冲击强度(kJ/m<sup>2</sup>) 拉伸强度(MPa) 弯曲强度(Mpa) 弯折后是否断裂
实施例1 38.3 51.8 38.8
实施例2 36.2 50.1 37.6
实施例3 35.9 51.3 38.1
对比例1 21.5 38.5 25.1
对比例2 19.2 52.1 39.4
对比例3 27.3 44.8 28.5
从表1中可以看出,实施例1~4采用本发明中的原料和方法制备出的复合板抗冲击强度、拉伸强度和弯曲强度均良好,且沿阳角槽和阴角槽弯折成阴阳角后不会断裂。而对比例1中不设置柔性层时,复合板的各项性能均有明显下降,并且弯折后会断裂,不能实现阴阳角无缝拼接。对比例2中不设置刚性层时,虽然拉伸强度和弯曲强度较好,但复合板的抗冲击性能远远低于实施例1。对比例3中不添加抗菌填料时,板材的各项力学性能与实施例1相比也有明显下降,证明添加本发明中的抗菌填料可以有效提高复合板材的抗冲击强度等力学性能。

Claims (8)

1.一种可折角PVC刚柔复合板,其特征是,包括依次贴合设置的刚性层、柔性层和饰面层,所述刚性层上开设有阳角槽和阴角槽,以质量分数计,所述刚性层原料包括:13~15%PVC树脂, 1.5~1.8%钙锌复合稳定剂,0.5~0.7%硬脂酸,0.4~0.6%聚乙烯蜡,2~3%聚丙烯酸酯,2~3%氯化聚乙烯,15~20%竹木粉,40~60%碳酸钙石粉,0.8~1.2%偶氮二甲酰胺,5~10%的抗菌填料和1~2%的碘化钠;所述柔性层原料包括:42~50% PVC树脂, 1.2~1.5% PVC柔软剂,3~4%钙锌复合稳定剂,0.5~0.7%硬脂酸,0.4~0.6%聚乙烯蜡,30~50%碳酸钙石粉,1.2~1.5%偶氮二甲酰胺,5~10%的抗菌填料和1~2%的碘化钠。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种可折角PVC刚柔复合板,其特征是,所述刚性层和柔性层原料中的抗菌填料为端羟基聚硅氧烷钠接枝的纳米二氧化钛,其制备方法为:先将纳米二氧化钛加入无水乙醇中,搅拌混合均匀后加入硅烷偶联剂,70~90℃下搅拌5~8h后过滤干燥得改性纳米二氧化钛,纳米二氧化钛与无水乙醇和硅烷偶联剂的质量体积比为:(80~90g):(80~120mL):(1~2mL);然后将制得的改性纳米二氧化钛分散在四氢呋喃中,加入二环己基碳二亚胺和端羟基聚硅氧烷钠,75-85℃下反应20~30h,所得产物用甲醇、四氢呋喃反复洗涤后干燥得所述端羟基聚硅氧烷钠接枝的纳米二氧化钛,改性纳米二氧化钛、二环己基碳二亚胺和端羟基聚硅氧烷钠的质量比为100:(15-20):(80-90)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种可折角PVC刚柔复合板,其特征是,所述饰面层选自UV光固化印花膜层、墙纸、墙布、科技木皮、铝皮、耐磨PVC和PE膜中的一种。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种可折角PVC刚柔复合板,其特征是,所述刚性层的厚度为7~8mm,柔性层的厚度为1~2mm。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种可折角PVC刚柔复合板,其特征是,所述刚性层上的阳角槽横截面呈V型,阴角槽横截面呈U型。
6.一种如权利要求1~5任意所述的可折角PVC刚柔复合板的制备方法,其特征是,包括如下步骤:
(1)按比例将PVC树脂、钙锌复合稳定剂,硬脂酸,聚乙烯蜡,聚丙烯酸酯和氯化聚乙烯混合均匀,挤压造粒,冷却至室温后碾粉得刚性层PVC粉;将刚性层PVC粉与竹木粉、碳酸钙石粉、偶氮二甲酰胺、抗菌填料和碘化钠按比例混合,通过挤出机挤出成型得到刚性层坯料;
(2)按比例将PVC树脂、PVC柔软剂、钙锌复合稳定剂、硬脂酸和聚乙烯蜡混合均匀,挤压造粒,冷却至室温后碾粉得柔性层PVC粉;将柔性层PVC粉与碳酸钙石粉、偶氮二甲酰胺、抗菌填料和碘化钠按比例混合,通过挤出机将柔性层坯料挤出成型在刚性层坯料上;
(3)将饰面层放置在柔性层坯料表面,与柔性层坯料和刚性层坯料一起热压复合,冷却后得到配料,根据设计使用要求切割得到所述可折角PVC刚柔复合板。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种可折角PVC刚柔复合板的制备方法,其特征是,步骤(1)和(2)中挤压造粒和挤出成型时的温度为175~185℃。
8.根据权利要求6所述的一种可折角PVC刚柔复合板的制备方法,其特征是,步骤(3)中的热压复合时热压机的参数为:温度170~190℃,压力2~4MPa,压制时间10~15min。
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