CN111567674A - Feed processing method - Google Patents
Feed processing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111567674A CN111567674A CN202010400497.1A CN202010400497A CN111567674A CN 111567674 A CN111567674 A CN 111567674A CN 202010400497 A CN202010400497 A CN 202010400497A CN 111567674 A CN111567674 A CN 111567674A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/20—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by moulding, e.g. making cakes or briquettes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of feed processing, in particular to a pig feed processing method, which comprises the following steps: removing impurities from raw materials, crushing, mixing, tempering, granulating, cooling, grading, mixing with zymophyte liquid, packaging, storing and fermenting. When the ingredients are mixed, a binder is added into the feed; the temperature of the modified feed raw materials is between 80 and 95 ℃; during the granulation, the compression ratio of a granulation ring die is selected to be 8-16, and the aperture of the ring die is phi 4-phi 9 mm; the water content of the cooled feed particles is 9-12%; 7-19% of bacterial liquid is mixed into the graded feed; the invention realizes the fermentation effect that the early stage of fermentation is fast and the later stage fermentation degree is controllable when the pellet feed is fermented; the fermentation substrate is cured and sterilized, so that the fermentation substrate is easier to ferment and the bioavailability is improved; the obtained pellet feed has good outer layer fermentation degree, good hardness, complete pellet and good free-running property, and is wrapped on the inner core with low fermentation degree.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of feed processing, in particular to a feed processing method.
Background
The fermented feed can improve the flavor, improve the use efficiency of raw materials and increase the production performance of animals. Fermentation technology is increasingly being employed in large quantities in feed processing.
The existing typical fermentation technology:
1. the raw materials are fermented in advance, and then the fermented raw materials are added into feed processing for use. Generally, the fermentation material is subjected to aerobic or anaerobic fermentation treatment by a fermentation tank, a fermentation tank or a special fermentation bag, and the conditions such as strains, temperature, moisture, time and the like are controlled in the fermentation process to produce the required fermentation raw material. The fermentation raw materials are convenient to use, and generally, the raw materials are dried after being fermented or are filled into a special storage device for standby. The disadvantages of the drying treatment are that the bioactive part of the raw material is damaged, and the loss of flavor substances is large. The special storage device has the defects of high moisture, poor free-running property and inconvenience for automatic feeding. The fermentation raw materials with high water content are used in the production line, and the pipelines of the production line are easily polluted. When the method is used for producing the granular materials, the high-temperature steam conditioning can also destroy heat-sensitive bioactive substances and temperature-resistant bacteria in the fermentation raw materials. The fermentation raw materials used in the granular materials have high moisture content, and can slowly ferment in a common packaging bag, so that the granules gradually loosen and go moldy. When the high-moisture raw materials are used in the powdery materials, the raw materials with lower moisture content generally cannot be subjected to disinfection and sterilization treatment, so that a large amount of mixed bacteria and mould spores exist, and a large risk of mildewing and deterioration also exists. The fermentation raw materials with high moisture content are stored for a long time, and can continuously deepen the fermentation, so that a large amount of adverse substances are generated due to excessive fermentation, and the use effect is influenced.
2. The on-site production of fermented raw materials or fermented feed is generally self-service for the user. The disadvantages are that the industrialized mass production is not convenient, and the fermentation process is not easy to be stably controlled; in addition, quality control detection is not guaranteed.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: provides a feed processing method which can control the early fermentation speed and the later fermentation degree and improve the bioavailability of the feed.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a feed processing method comprises
Removing impurities from raw materials, pulverizing, mixing, modifying, granulating, cooling, grading, mixing with zymocyte liquid, packaging, storing and fermenting,
when the ingredients are mixed, a binder is added into the feed;
the temperature of the modified feed raw materials is between 80 and 95 ℃;
and during granulation, the compression ratio of a granulation ring die is selected to be 8-16, and the aperture of the ring die is phi 4-phi 9 mm.
Further, the binder is one or more of starch, sodium alginate, urea-formaldehyde resin or gelatin.
Furthermore, saturated steam is introduced to sterilize the feed raw materials during tempering.
Further, the temperature of the steam is between 120 ℃ and 143 ℃.
Furthermore, the moisture content of the cooled feed particles is 9-12%.
Further, the step of mixing the zymocyte liquid comprises the following steps: 7-19% of bacterial liquid is mixed into the graded feed.
Further, the bacterial strain contained in the mixed zymocyte liquid is one or more of bacillus subtilis, saccharomycetes and lactic acid bacteria.
Further, the zymocyte liquid comprises a compound bacterial liquid of bacillus subtilis, saccharomycetes and lactic acid bacteria, brown sugar and 100 parts of water.
Further, the temperature of the water is 37 ℃; and standing for 10-15 hours after the preparation is finished.
Further, the packaging, storing and fermenting adopt fermentation bags.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the feed curing degree can be improved, and the feed with low moisture (9-12%) and high curing degree can be obtained; by adding the binder and adopting a granulating ring mould with a higher compression ratio and a larger mould hole (the diameter is phi 4-phi 9mm), the total surface area of the formed feed particles can be controlled to be smaller, and the feed particles have better hardness and density, so that after the step of mixing the zymophyte liquid, the volume of the feed particles can only be infiltrated by the zymophyte liquid within 24 hours is 25-35%. In this way, in the first 24 hours after the mixing of the bacterial suspension and the packaging, storage and fermentation, only 7-19% of the bacterial suspension (the bacterial suspension accounts for the weight ratio of the pellet feed) is mixed into the feed pellets, but the average water content of the surface layer part (30% of the volume of the feed pellets) infiltrated by the feed pellets can be respectively 28% (11% of the raw water content of the pellet feed, 7% of the bacterial suspension is mixed) to 45% (11% of the raw water content of the pellet feed, 19% of the bacterial suspension is mixed), and the closer to the feed pellets, the higher the surface layer water content is. Thus, the high-moisture condition that the feed particles can quickly start fermentation from the surface layer is realized, and the strain quickly starts fermentation on the high-moisture surface layer infiltrated by the feed particles; with the lapse of time, the surface water of the feed particles continuously permeates into the inside, the infiltrated part gradually expands from the surface to the whole particles, and finally the surface water of the particles is reduced from high to about 17 percent (when 7 percent of bacteria liquid is mixed) to 25 percent (when 19 percent of the bacteria liquid is mixed) which is consistent with the water of the whole particles (the whole particle water is measured after 11 percent of the original water of the particle feed is mixed in the bacteria liquid). At the moment, the moisture condition of the fermentation is more and more unfavorable for the deep fermentation; the heat production is gradually reduced along with the gradual exhaustion of the oxygen in the fermentation bag in the oxygen-consuming fermentation, the acid production by the fermentation of the lactic acid bacteria is increased, the pH value is gradually reduced to inhibit the fermentation, the fermentation degree of the obtained feed particles is gradually reduced from the outer layer to the inner core, and the fermentation speed is gradually stopped from high to low.
The process realizes the fermentation effect that the early fermentation stage is quick to start and the later fermentation degree is controllable when the pellet feed is fermented; the fermentation substrate is cured and sterilized, so that the fermentation substrate is easier to ferment and the bioavailability is improved; the obtained pellet feed has good outer layer fermentation degree, good hardness, complete pellet and good free-running property, is wrapped on the inner core with low fermentation degree, and is suitable for automatic feeding facilities. The fermented granular material retains a large amount of flavor and bioactive substances, is rich in organic acid and a large amount of zymophyte, is not easy to mildew or deteriorate, and improves the bioavailability and animal production performance of the feed.
Detailed Description
In order to explain the technical content, the objects and the effects of the present invention in detail, the following description will be given with reference to the embodiments.
Example one
A pig feed processing method comprises the following steps:
1. removing impurities
The impurity removal is a process of screening and removing unwanted impurities and components from feed raw materials; and (3) pretreating the raw material to be processed by using a screening machine, a dust remover and other equipment.
2. Pulverizing
And (3) crushing the raw materials which are too large and do not meet the requirement. The finer the raw material is crushed, the more surface area is exposed to heat and moisture, which facilitates the ripening in tempering. Pulverizing bean cake and semen Maydis with sieve of 2.0mm diameter.
3. Ingredients
The proportioning is a process of weighing each feed raw material according to formula design in proportion. The formula is as follows: 20% of soybean meal, 40% of corn, 20% of puffed corn, 4% of bran, 10% of flour and 4% of core material.
4. Mixing
The mixing is a process of uniformly mixing the raw materials after the ingredients are mixed. The smaller the coefficient of variation CV of the mixing, the higher the quality of the mixing. In this case, a twin-shaft mixer, coefficient of variation CV < 5%.
5. Tempering
The conditioning is a treatment process of introducing saturated steam with a certain pressure into a conditioner to heat and humidify feed raw materials in the conditioner, and curing, disinfecting and sterilizing the feed raw materials. The temperature, the curing degree, the water content and the sterilization effect of the modified feed raw materials can be controlled by adjusting the introduced steam pressure, the amount and the mixing time. The feed raw materials are modified by adopting saturated steam with the temperature of 120 ℃, the modification time is 60s, and the temperature of the modified feed raw materials is 80-95 ℃.
6. Granulating
The granulating process is a process of extruding and molding the modified powdered feed raw materials through a ring die. By controlling the rotating speed and the compression ratio of the ring die, the feed particles meeting the requirements of hardness and density are obtained. Here, the compression ratio of the pellet ring die is selected to be 15, and the diameter of the die hole is 4.0 mm.
7. Cooling down
The cooling is a process of removing heat and moisture from the granulated feed particles. This is done in a carefully designed counterflow cooler. The water content of the cooled feed particles is 9-12%.
8. Grading
Grading is the screening of the cooled feed particles to remove fines and oversized particles. The oversize and ultrafine particles are returned to the granulating bin for re-granulating, and the proper particles enter the next procedure for processing.
9. Mixing with zymocyte liquid
The feed pellets obtained after classification were mixed with 7% of the bacterial liquid (the bacterial liquid is in the pellet feed weight ratio) uniformly by a bacterial adding device. The bacterial liquid is selected from bacillus subtilis (100 hundred million cfu/g): saccharomyces cerevisiae (20 hundred million cfu/g): 1 kg of enterococcus faecium lactic acid bacteria (40 hundred million cfu/g) 1:1:1 composite bacteria and 1 kg of brown sugar are mixed and added with 100 kg of warm water at 37 ℃ to prepare the compound lactobacillus faecium, and the compound lactobacillus faecium lactic acid bacteria is used after being placed for 12 hours.
10. Package (I)
Directly weighing the granulated feed mixed with the bacterial liquid, packaging by using fermentation bags, and then fermenting in a fermentation room. And monitoring the water content of the surface layer of the feed particles infiltrated by the bacterial liquid after 24 hours, wherein the volume ratio of the infiltrated part in the whole feed particles is 25-35%, and the water content is 28-45%.
Example two
A pig feed processing method comprises the following steps:
1. removing impurities
The impurity removal is a process of screening and removing unwanted impurities and components from feed raw materials; and (3) pretreating the raw material to be processed by using a screening machine, a dust remover and other equipment.
2. Pulverizing
And (3) crushing the raw materials which are too large and do not meet the requirement. The finer the raw material is crushed, the more surface area is exposed to heat and moisture, which facilitates the ripening in tempering. Pulverizing bean cake and semen Maydis with sieve of 2.0mm diameter.
3. Ingredients
The proportioning is a process of weighing each feed raw material according to formula design in proportion. The formula is as follows: 18% of soybean meal, 42% of corn, 20% of puffed corn, 8% of bran, 10% of flour and 4% of core material.
4. Mixing
The mixing is a process of uniformly mixing the raw materials after the ingredients are mixed. The smaller the coefficient of variation CV of the mixing, the higher the quality of the mixing. In this case, a twin-shaft mixer, coefficient of variation CV < 5%.
5. Tempering
The conditioning is a treatment process of introducing saturated steam with a certain pressure into a conditioner to heat and humidify feed raw materials in the conditioner, and curing, disinfecting and sterilizing the feed raw materials. The temperature, the curing degree, the water content and the sterilization effect of the modified feed raw materials can be controlled by adjusting the introduced steam pressure, the amount and the mixing time. The feed raw materials are modified by adopting saturated steam with the temperature of 143 ℃, the modification time is 60s, and the temperature of the modified feed raw materials is 80-95 ℃.
6. Granulating
The granulating process is a process of extruding and molding the modified powdered feed raw materials through a ring die. By controlling the rotating speed and the compression ratio of the ring die, the feed particles meeting the requirements of hardness and density are obtained. Here, the compression ratio of the pellet ring die is selected to be 13, and the diameter of the die hole is 5.0 mm.
7. Cooling down
The cooling is a process of removing heat and moisture from the granulated feed particles. This is done in a carefully designed counterflow cooler. The water content of the cooled feed particles is 9-12%.
8. Grading
Grading is the screening of the cooled feed particles to remove fines and oversized particles. The oversize and ultrafine particles are returned to the granulating bin for re-granulating, and the proper particles enter the next procedure for processing.
9. Mixing with zymocyte liquid
The feed pellets obtained after classification were mixed with 19% of the bacterial liquid (bacterial liquid in pellet feed weight ratio) uniformly by a bacterial feeder. The bacterial liquid is selected from bacillus subtilis (100 hundred million cfu/g): saccharomyces cerevisiae (20 hundred million cfu/g): 1 kg of enterococcus faecium lactic acid bacteria (40 hundred million cfu/g) 1:1:1 composite bacteria and 1 kg of brown sugar are mixed and added with 100 kg of warm water at 37 ℃ to prepare the compound lactobacillus faecium, and the compound lactobacillus faecium lactic acid bacteria is used after being placed for 12 hours.
10. Package (I)
Directly weighing the granulated feed mixed with the bacterial liquid, packaging by using fermentation bags, and then fermenting in a fermentation room. And monitoring the water content of the surface layer of the feed particles infiltrated by the bacterial liquid after 24 hours, wherein the volume ratio of the infiltrated part in the whole feed particles is 25-35%, and the water content is 28-45%.
EXAMPLE III
A pig feed processing method comprises the following steps:
1. removing impurities
The impurity removal is a process of screening and removing unwanted impurities and components from feed raw materials; and (3) pretreating the raw material to be processed by using a screening machine, a dust remover and other equipment.
2. Pulverizing
And (3) crushing the raw materials which are too large and do not meet the requirement. The finer the raw material is crushed, the more surface area is exposed to heat and moisture, which facilitates the ripening in tempering. Pulverizing bean cake and semen Maydis with sieve of 2.0mm diameter.
3. Ingredients
The proportioning is a process of weighing each feed raw material according to formula design in proportion. The formula is as follows: 16% of soybean meal, 58% of corn, 12% of bran, 10% of flour and 4% of core material.
4. Mixing
The mixing is a process of uniformly mixing the raw materials after the ingredients are mixed. The smaller the coefficient of variation CV of the mixing, the higher the quality of the mixing. In this case, a twin-shaft mixer, coefficient of variation CV < 5%.
5. Tempering
The conditioning is a treatment process of introducing saturated steam with a certain pressure into a conditioner to heat and humidify feed raw materials in the conditioner, and curing, disinfecting and sterilizing the feed raw materials. The temperature, the curing degree, the water content and the sterilization effect of the modified feed raw materials can be controlled by adjusting the introduced steam pressure, the amount and the mixing time. The feed raw materials are modified by adopting saturated steam with the temperature of 143 ℃, the modification time is 60s, and the temperature of the modified feed raw materials is 80-95 ℃.
6. Granulating
The granulating process is a process of extruding and molding the modified powdered feed raw materials through a ring die. By controlling the rotating speed and the compression ratio of the ring die, the feed particles meeting the requirements of hardness and density are obtained. Here, the compression ratio of the pellet ring die is selected to be 8, and the diameter of the die hole is 6.0 mm.
7. Cooling down
The cooling is a process of removing heat and moisture from the granulated feed particles. This is done in a carefully designed counterflow cooler. The water content of the cooled feed particles is 9-12%.
8. Grading
Grading is the screening of the cooled feed particles to remove fines and oversized particles. The oversize and ultrafine particles are returned to the granulating bin for re-granulating, and the proper particles enter the next procedure for processing.
9. Mixing with zymocyte liquid
The feed pellets obtained after classification were mixed with 16% of the bacterial liquid (the bacterial liquid is in the pellet feed weight ratio) uniformly by a bacterial adding device. The bacterial liquid is selected from bacillus subtilis (100 hundred million cfu/g): saccharomyces cerevisiae (20 hundred million cfu/g): 1 kg of enterococcus faecium lactic acid bacteria (40 hundred million cfu/g) 1:1:1 composite bacteria and 1 kg of brown sugar are mixed and added with 100 kg of warm water at 37 ℃ to prepare the compound lactobacillus faecium, and the compound lactobacillus faecium lactic acid bacteria is used after being placed for 12 hours.
10. Package (I)
Directly weighing the granulated feed mixed with the bacterial liquid, packaging by using fermentation bags, and then fermenting in a fermentation room. And monitoring the water content of the surface layer of the feed particles infiltrated by the bacterial liquid after 24 hours, wherein the volume ratio of the infiltrated part in the whole feed particles is 25-35%, and the water content is 28-45%.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent modifications made by the present invention in the specification or directly or indirectly applied to the related technical field are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A feed processing method comprises
Removing impurities from raw materials, crushing, blending, mixing, tempering, granulating, cooling, grading, mixing with zymophyte liquid, packaging, storing and fermenting; it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
when the ingredients are mixed, a binder is added into the feed;
the temperature of the modified feed raw materials is between 80 and 95 ℃;
and during granulation, the compression ratio of a granulation ring die is selected to be 8-16, and the aperture of the ring die is phi 4-phi 9 mm.
2. The feed processing method of claim 1, wherein the binder is one or more of starch, alginic acid, urea formaldehyde resin or gelatin.
3. The feed processing method according to claim 1, wherein saturated steam is introduced during the conditioning to sterilize and mature the feed raw material.
4. The feed processing method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the temperature of the steam is between 120 ℃ and 143 ℃.
5. The feed processing method according to claim 1, wherein the moisture content of the cooled feed pellets is 9-12%.
6. The feed processing method according to claim 1, wherein the step of mixing the fermented bacterial liquid includes: 7-19% of bacterial liquid is mixed into the graded feed.
7. The bacterial strain mixed into the zymocyte liquid is one or more of bacillus subtilis, saccharomycetes and lactic acid bacteria.
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| CN202010400497.1A CN111567674A (en) | 2020-05-13 | 2020-05-13 | Feed processing method |
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| CN202010400497.1A CN111567674A (en) | 2020-05-13 | 2020-05-13 | Feed processing method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114376098A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-04-22 | 苏州双狮实验动物饲料科技有限公司 | Preparation method of feed for rats and mice |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108013213A (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-05-11 | 高嘉泰 | A kind of moist microorganism particle fermented feed for aquatic livestock and preparation method thereof |
| CN108522796A (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2018-09-14 | 湖北吾尔利生物工程股份有限公司 | A kind of new bio feed prilling |
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2020
- 2020-05-13 CN CN202010400497.1A patent/CN111567674A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108013213A (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-05-11 | 高嘉泰 | A kind of moist microorganism particle fermented feed for aquatic livestock and preparation method thereof |
| CN108522796A (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2018-09-14 | 湖北吾尔利生物工程股份有限公司 | A kind of new bio feed prilling |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114376098A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-04-22 | 苏州双狮实验动物饲料科技有限公司 | Preparation method of feed for rats and mice |
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Application publication date: 20200825 |