CN111564659B - 一种锂二次电池及包含其的二次电池子模块 - Google Patents

一种锂二次电池及包含其的二次电池子模块 Download PDF

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CN111564659B
CN111564659B CN202010257542.2A CN202010257542A CN111564659B CN 111564659 B CN111564659 B CN 111564659B CN 202010257542 A CN202010257542 A CN 202010257542A CN 111564659 B CN111564659 B CN 111564659B
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姜熙京
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种锂二次电池及包含其的锂二次电池子模块,更详细地,涉及一种包含电极组件、塑料盒及袋膜盖的锂二次电池及包含所述锂二次电池的锂二次电池子模块。所述塑料盒用于容纳所述电极组件且含有气障层,所述袋膜盖对容纳有所述电极组件的塑料盒进行密封。所述锂二次电池因具有上述结构而能够使厚度得到显著增加,从而能够使容量不受结构限制地扩充,因具有耐通气性而能够确保耐久性,并且因降低了绝缘不良的产生而能够提高生产率。由于所述锂二次电池子模块包含锂二次电池,从而能够实现能量密度高且紧凑的形状,并且能够降低制备费用。

Description

一种锂二次电池及包含其的二次电池子模块
本申请是申请日为2016年6月2日、中国专利申请号为201610388279.4且发明名称为“一种锂二次电池及包含其的二次电池子模块”的中国专利申请的分案申请,要求享有KR10-2015-0078723的优先权。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种锂二次电池及包含其的二次电池子模块。
背景技术
最近,可充放电、重量轻且能量密度及输出密度高的锂二次电池被广泛地用作无线移动仪器的能量源。另外,作为用于解决汽油车辆、柴油车辆等使用化学燃料的现有内燃机车辆所带来的大气污染及温室气体问题的替代方案,提出了混合动力电动汽车(HEV)、插电式混合动力电动车(PHEV)、纯电动汽车(BEV)及电动汽车(EV)等,锂二次电池也被作为替代这些内燃机车辆的动力源而备受瞩目。
锂二次电池根据电解液的种类分为使用液体电解质的锂二次电池和使用高分子电解质的锂聚合物电池,并且根据容纳电极组件的外装材料的形状而分为圆筒形、角形或袋形。
其中,袋形是使用由涂覆在金属层(箔)和所述金属层的上面和下面的合成树脂层的多层膜构成的袋膜来形成外观,因此,与使用金属罐的圆筒形或角形相比,由于能够显著减少电池的重量而可以实现电池的轻量化,以及能够实现多种形态变化。
但是,在袋膜的结构方面,成型深度有限,因此,为了实现6mm以上的电池,需要将成型的袋膜折叠而接合。
韩国专利第10-2013-0089614公开了一种包含碳纤维、陶瓷及溶剂的二次电池用外装材料组合物及包含该外装材料组合物而形成的外装材料,但是没有公开用于解决上述问题的应对方案。
【现有技术文献】
【专利文献】
韩国公开专利第10-2013-0089614号
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题
本发明的目的在于,因能够不受电池厚度限制地实现高容量,从而能够提供一种能量密度高的锂二次电池。
另外,本发明的目的在于,提供一种具有耐通气性及长期耐久性的锂二次电池。
本发明的目的在于,提供一种能量密度高、紧凑(compact)且子模块的制备费用得到降低的锂二次电池子模块。
解决技术问题的技术手段
本发明的锂二次电池的一实施例可以包含电极组件;塑料盒(plastic case),用于容纳所述电极组件且含有气障层;以及袋膜盖(pouch film cover),对容纳有所述电极组件的塑料盒进行密封。
本发明的锂二次电池的一实施例中,所述塑料盒可以包含选自聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯及聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯中的至少一种而形成。
本发明的锂二次电池的一实施例中,所述塑料盒可以是注射成型而成的。
本发明的锂二次电池的一实施例中,所述气障层可以包含选自乙烯–乙烯醇共聚物;聚偏二氯乙烯;聚乙烯醇;尼龙;聚酰胺;聚丙烯腈、直链型低密度聚乙烯、乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物及离聚物的共聚物;金属膜;由选自硅胶、氧化铝、橡胶、金属、玻璃及非晶态碳中的至少一种所形成的涂布层;以及具有层状硅酸盐纳米粒子分散在聚乙烯醇类粘合剂中的涂布层的薄膜中的至少一种。
本发明的锂二次电池的一实施例中,所述气障层可以形成在所述塑料盒的内侧表面。
本发明的锂二次电池的一实施例中,所述塑料盒可以形成为多层,所述气障层可以包含在所述塑料盒的内部层中。
另外,本发明的二次电池子模块的一实施例包含散热板及分别配置在散热板两侧的本发明的锂二次电池,所述的各锂二次电池可以以袋膜盖与所述散热板相对的方式进行配置。
发明的效果
本发明的锂二次电池,由于能够使厚度得到显著增加,从而能够使容量不受结构限制地扩充,因此,与现有的锂二次电池相比能量密度高。
本发明的锂二次电池因具有耐通气性,从而能够确保电池的耐久性。
本发明的锂二次电池由于在制备过程中不进行袋成型工序而制得,因此能够降低绝缘不良的产生而提高生产率。
另外,本发明的锂二次电池子模块,能够实现能量密度高且紧凑的形状,并且能够降低制备费用而具有经济性。
附图说明
图1为概略示出现有的袋型二次电池的结构的图。
图2为概略示出本发明的一具体例的锂二次电池的结构的图。
图3为概略示出本发明的一具体例的锂二次电池子模块的图。
附图标记说明
1、10:袋膜盖
20:塑料盒
2、30:电极组件
3、40:锂二次电池
50:散热板
60:锂二次电池子模块
具体实施方式
本发明涉及一种包含电极组件、塑料盒及袋膜盖的锂二次电池及包含所述锂二次电池的锂二次电池子模块。所述塑料盒用于容纳所述电极组件且含有气障层,所述袋膜盖对容纳有所述电极组件的塑料盒进行密封。所述锂二次电池因具有上述结构而能够使厚度得到显著增加,从而能够使容量不受结构限制地扩充,因具有耐通气性而能够确保耐久性,并且因降低了绝缘不良的产生而能够提高生产率。由于所述锂二次电池子模块包含锂二次电池,从而能够实现能量密度高且紧凑的形状,并且能够降低制备费用
本发明一具体例的锂二次电池示于图2中,锂二次电池子模块示于图3中。
下面,将参照附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行说明。但是,下述说明书附图仅例示出了本发明的优选实施例,其与前述的发明内容一起起到更加深入理解本发明的技术思想的作用,因此,本发明不能被解释为仅限于这些附图中所记载的内容。
锂二次电池40
袋膜盖10
本发明的锂二次电池40,在后述的塑料盒20中包含电极组件30后,包含对收纳有所述电极组件30的塑料盒20进行密封的袋膜盖10。
形成所述袋膜盖10的材质只要是本领域中通常使用的袋膜,且在不超出本发明目的的范围的情况下,可以不受其种类限制地进行使用。
具体举例如下。所述袋膜盖可以形成为依次包含内部树脂层、金属箔层及外部树脂层的多层膜结构。所述内部树脂层由因具有热粘结性而起到密封剂作用的聚乙烯、流延聚丙烯或聚丙烯等聚烯烃或它们的共聚物而形成的粘结层构成;所述金属箔层起到维持机械强度的基材及水分和氧气的气障层的作用;所述外部树脂层起到使所述电池单元免受外部冲击的作用,其为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯、尼龙或液晶高分子树脂等功能性高分子薄膜。
前述的内部树脂层、金属箔层及外部树脂层可以分别形成为2层以上的多层,除了前述的层以外,本领域中公知的结构也可以使用在本发明的袋膜盖10中。
对于所述袋膜盖10与塑料盒20的密封,考虑到材质的特性,可以通过热熔接方式来实施,但是只要是在不超出本发明的目的的范围内,并不是一定要限定于此。
另外,为了提高两者的密封性,可以使用与塑料盒20的材料相同的材料作为与塑料盒20接触的内部树脂层的材料。
塑料盒20
塑料盒20在本发明的锂二次电池40的内部空间中容纳电极组件30,并且含有气障层。
如图1所示,现有的袋型二次电池3是通过在由袋膜盖1形成的空间中插入电极组件2后,注入电解液而进行密封的方法制得,但是由于在袋膜成型深度方面有限,因此在电池厚度为6mm以上时袋会产生裂缝。因此,为了解决该问题,通过使成型的袋以彼此相对地结合的方式来制备了电池,但是袋成型深度仍然受到限制,因此,在提高单位电池的电池容量方面,存在结构上的限制。
对此,本发明通过用包含气障层的塑料盒20来制造出能够容纳电极组件30的空间,并在其中容纳电极组件30后,用袋膜盖10盖上塑料盒20并通过热熔接方式进行密封,从而在塑料材料的特性上,对所形成的形状不产生实质性的限制,因此,能够实现厚度不受限制的电池。通过上述方式能够实现在现有的电池中无法实现的高容量的二次电池,由此能够提高锂二次电池的能量密度。
另外,塑料材料大部分具有通气性,将塑料用作电池的外装材料时,会使电池的长期耐久性出现问题。对此,本发明的锂二次电池40使得所述塑料盒20含有气障层,从而确保耐通气性,由此能够防止气体向电池外部流出,从而能够具有长期耐久性。
另外,本发明不经过袋的成型工序而制备,因此,能够降低绝缘不良的产生,从而在制备时能够提高生产率。
构成本发明的塑料盒20的材质的种类不受特别限制,但是,具体地,从保障成型加工性、密封性及绝缘性的观点来说,优选包含选自聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯及聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯中的至少一种。
本发明的塑料盒20可以通过调整形状而实现厚度厚的电池,所述塑料盒20的加工方法不受特别限制,但是考虑到电池盒的形状方面,优选使用注射成型的加工方式。
本发明的气障层不受特别限制,具体举例如下。从确保加工性、耐通气性的方面考虑,所述气障层优选包含选自乙烯–乙烯醇共聚物;聚偏二氯乙烯;聚乙烯醇;尼龙;聚酰胺;聚丙烯腈、直链型低密度聚乙烯、乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物及离聚物的共聚物;金属膜;由选自硅胶、氧化铝、橡胶、金属、玻璃及非晶态碳中的至少一种所形成的涂布层;以及具有层状硅酸盐纳米粒子分散在聚乙烯醇类粘合剂中的涂布层的薄膜中的至少一种。
本发明的一具体例中,所述气障层可以形成在所述塑料盒20的内侧表面,从而使其与容纳在塑料盒20内部的电极组件30邻接。
另外,作为本发明的另一具体例,当所述塑料盒20为在气障层的上下部分别包含一个以上的塑料层的多层结构时,可以作为所述塑料盒20的内部层而包含。更具体地,当塑料盒20的材料为聚丙烯时,例如,可以为聚丙烯/气障层/聚丙烯的结构。
电极组件30
本发明的锂二次电池40中所包含的电极组件30,只要是本领域公知的,且在不超出本发明的目的的范围内,则不受特别限制,具体举例为,可以与下述电极组件30相同,但并不限定于此。
本发明的一具体例中,电极组件30可以为以阳极板、分离膜及阴极板的顺序配置并沿一个方向缠绕的形状,或者可以为多张的阳极板、分离膜及阴极板层积的形状。电极组件30的各极板与阳极极耳及阴极极耳电连接,所述极板中,阳极极耳及阴极极耳的一端部可以通过引线来向外部突出。突出的引线的一端可以与未示出的外部端子连接。所述引线的外表面上,与外壳部接触的部分分别缠绕有电极带,以防止所述盒的主体及盖子与引线之间的电短路。
本发明的锂二次电池40可以用于以此为单位电池的中大型电池模块或电池组中。所述中大型电池模块或电池组可以用作包括电动汽车(Electric Vehicle,EV)、混合动力电动汽车(Hybrid Electric Vehicle,HEV)、及插电式混合动力电动汽车(Plug-in HybridElectric Vehicle,PHEV)的电车;电卡车;电商用车;或电力储备用系统中的任一种以上的中大型装置的电源。
中大型电池模块的结构为以串联方式或串联/并联方式连接多个单位电池,以用于提供高容量。由于该部分内容在本领域中为公知常识,因此在说明书中将省略相关说明。
锂二次电池子模块60
本发明提供一种锂二次电池子模块60,其包含散热板50;以及分别配置在所述散热板50两侧的本发明的锂二次电池40,所述锂二次电池40可以以袋膜盖10与散热板50相对的方式进行配置。
对于本发明的锂二次电池子模块60,为了将电池内部发生的热向外部释放,在单位锂二次电池40之间包含散热板50(cooling panel),以用于吸收所产生的热。所述散热板50可以由氧化铝、铜等材料构成,但并不限定于此。
所述散热板50的两侧配置有前述的本发明的锂二次电池40,并且,所述锂二次电池40以袋膜盖10与所述散热板50相对的方式进行配置。
对于使用袋型单位锂二次电池的现有的电池子模块而言,为了保护袋型电池,需要在模块的外侧另外设置电池套。然而,对于本发明的锂二次电池子模块而言,由于塑料盒20配置在模块的外侧,因此不需要其它的电池套。
因此,本发明的锂二次电池子模块60与现有的包含锂二次电池的子模块相比,不仅能量密度高,而且,因塑料盒20自身的刚性而不包含其它的电池套或面板部,由此能够实现紧凑的形状,从而能够降低制备费用,具有经济性。

Claims (4)

1.一种锂二次电池子模块,其特征在于,所述锂二次电池子模块包含多个锂二次电池和配置在所述锂二次电池之间的散热板,所述锂二次电池分别包含电极组件;塑料盒,用于容纳所述电极组件且含有依次层积塑料层、气障层和塑料层的结构;以及袋膜盖,对容纳有所述电极组件的塑料盒进行密封,
所述塑料盒整体上是注射成型物,所述袋膜盖是依次层积内部树脂层、金属箔层和外部树脂层的层积膜,
所述塑料层各自由选自聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯及聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯中的至少一种构成,
所述气障层包含选自乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物;聚偏二氯乙烯;聚乙烯醇;尼龙;聚酰胺;聚丙烯腈;直链型低密度聚乙烯;以及乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物及离聚物的共聚物中的至少一种,
所述锂二次电池的所述袋膜盖夹着所述散热板彼此相对配置,
所述散热板的与所述袋膜盖相对配置的部分与所述袋膜盖隔开。
2.如权利要求1所述的锂二次电池子模块,其特征在于,所述气障层包含层状硅酸盐纳米粒子分散在聚乙烯醇类粘合剂中的涂布层。
3.如权利要求1所述的锂二次电池子模块,其特征在于,所述气障层直接形成在所述塑料层的内侧表面。
4.如权利要求1所述的锂二次电池子模块,其特征在于,所述塑料盒的成型深度为6mm以上。
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