CN111557430A - 从鱼露中分离的鲜味肽及其应用 - Google Patents
从鱼露中分离的鲜味肽及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111557430A CN111557430A CN202010450530.1A CN202010450530A CN111557430A CN 111557430 A CN111557430 A CN 111557430A CN 202010450530 A CN202010450530 A CN 202010450530A CN 111557430 A CN111557430 A CN 111557430A
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- amino acid
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- acid sequence
- umami
- peptide
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- 235000019583 umami taste Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
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- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
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- 101000659774 Homo sapiens Taste receptor type 1 member 3 Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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Abstract
本发明公开了从鱼露中分离的鲜味肽,能够与鲜味受体T1R1/T1R3结合,包括1)‑23)小分子肽中的至少一种;并且揭示了其呈鲜机制。本发明鲜味肽鲜味阈值低,增鲜效果好,在制备调味品或食品方面具有良好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及呈味物质技术领域,更具体的说是涉及能够与鲜味受体T1R1/T1R3分子对接的从鱼露中分离的鲜味肽及其应用。
背景技术
鱼露,又称鱼酱油,是常用的水产调味品,具有的独特的鲜味和咸味。天然发酵的鱼露是以小鱼虾为原料,经腌渍、发酵、熬炼后得到的汁液;其虽然味道鲜美,但成分较为复杂;有研究实验发现鱼露中含有多种亚硝胺类物质,而该类物质容易引发胃癌,存在安全隐患;此外,鱼露中含盐量较高,摄入过多不利于身体健康;进一步地,天然发酵鱼露生产周期较长,一般为数月甚至一年以上,不适于快速生产需求。
因此,分析鱼露中的鲜味体系,获得其中的鲜味物质对于新的鲜味调味品或鲜味食品的研发具有重要意义。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明从鱼露中分离到鲜味肽,具有良好的鲜味和增鲜效果。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
从鱼露中分离的鲜味肽,具有鲜味和增强鲜味的作用,能够与鲜味受体T1R1/T1R3结合,包括如下小分子肽中的至少一种:
1)氨基酸序列为YLASCLSSVKEEK,SEQ ID NO:1;
2)氨基酸序列为QAEADMAR,SEQ ID NO:2;
3)氨基酸序列为MAASGDVGK,SEQ ID NO:3;
4)氨基酸序列为VYETPDR,SEQ ID NO:4;
5)氨基酸序列为TREQMIHER,SEQ ID NO:5;
6)氨基酸序列为LLDAFFFDNK,SEQ ID NO:6;
7)氨基酸序列为EATLWDMEEK,SEQ ID NO:7;
8)氨基酸序列为LPLLEEAFLSR,SEQ ID NO:8;
9)氨基酸序列为NALKSVECYDAR,SEQ ID NO:9;
10)氨基酸序列为AKLTSLEEECQR,SEQ ID NO:10;
11)氨基酸序列为EQLEATVQKLDESR,SEQ ID NO:11;
12)氨基酸序列为MEREQEESTMR,SEQ ID NO:12;
13)氨基酸序列为SGVVAAVNDAAKDFHG,SEQ ID NO:13;
14)氨基酸序列为VLSLNSGTEAVEAAIK,SEQ ID NO:14;
15)氨基酸序列为EGSTIGLSK,SEQ ID NO:15;
16)氨基酸序列为IMEALAGAGIDPRR,SEQ ID NO:16;
17)氨基酸序列为NQEGLFR,SEQ ID NO:17;
18)氨基酸序列为MTNLLEDLSFR,SEQ ID NO:18;
19)氨基酸序列为GFGDSCTPGKNER,SEQ ID NO:19;
20)氨基酸序列为YADSNIQINGTDR,SEQ ID NO:20;
21)氨基酸序列为AREIALQELGEQAK,SEQ ID NO:21;
22)氨基酸序列为IQQDDCK,SEQ ID NO:22;
23)氨基酸序列为DAPYDYK,SEQ ID NO:23。
优选地,1)-23)中任意一种小分析肽的鲜味阈值≤0.5mg/mL,增鲜阈值≤0.5mg/mL。
进一步优选地,小分析肽的鲜味阈值≤0.25mg/mL。
进一步优选地,小分析肽的鲜味阈值≤0.2mg/mL。
进一步优选地,小分析肽的鲜味阈值≤0.125mg/mL。
进一步优选地,小分析肽的增鲜阈值≤0.3mg/mL。
进一步优选地,小分析肽的增鲜阈值≤0.25mg/mL。
进一步优选地,小分析肽的增鲜阈值≤0.2mg/mL。
进一步优选地,小分析肽的增鲜阈值≤0.1mg/mL。
进一步优选地,小分析肽的增鲜阈值≤0.075mg/mL。
优选地,从鱼露中分离的鲜味肽包括1)、2)中的小分子肽。
优选地,从鱼露中分离的鲜味肽包括1)、8)、9)、10)、11)中的小分子肽。
优选地,从鱼露中分离的鲜味肽包括1)、2)、9)、11)、18)、23)中的小分子肽。
优选地,从鱼露中分离的鲜味肽包括1)、2)、5)、9)、10)、11)、18)、23)中的小分子肽。
上述从鱼露中分离的鲜味肽在制备食品添加剂或食品中的应用。
含有上述从鱼露中分离的鲜味肽的产品。
由上述技术方案可知,本发明鲜味肽具有较好的鲜味和增鲜作用,在制备鲜味调味品或鲜味食品方面具有良好的应用前景。
附图说明
图1所示为鱼露及其超滤组分电子舌味觉值对比图;
其中,S-AS、N-AS、K-AS、T-AS分别为鱼露组;
UF-S、UF-N、UF-K、UF-T分别为对应的鱼露超滤组分组。
图2所示为凝胶层析分离组分评价结果;
其中,对于UF-S凝胶层析分离组分,a1为其电子舌味觉值图,a2为其味觉特性轮廓图;
对于UF-N凝胶层析分离组分,b1为其电子舌味觉值图,b2为其味觉特性轮廓图;
对于UF-K凝胶层析分离组分,c1为其电子舌味觉值图,c2为其味觉特性轮廓图;
对于UF-T凝胶层析分离组分,d1为其电子舌味觉值图,d2为其味觉特性轮廓图;
图3所示为S-2部分RP-HPLC分离纯化组分的MALDI-TOF/TOF MS质谱图;
图4所示为S-5部分RP-HPLC分离纯化组分的MALDI-TOF/TOF MS质谱图;
图5所示为N-6部分RP-HPLC分离纯化组分的MALDI-TOF/TOF MS质谱图;
图6所示为N-6部分RP-HPLC分离纯化组分的MALDI-TOF/TOF MS质谱图;
图7所示为T-8部分RP-HPLC分离纯化组分的MALDI-TOF/TOF MS质谱图;
图8所示为合成肽的调味效果图;
图9所示为部分小分子肽与鲜味受体T1R1/T1R3的分子对接结果;
图10所示为部分小分子肽与鲜味受体T1R1/T1R3的分子对接结果;
图11所示为部分小分子肽与鲜味受体T1R1/T1R3的分子对接结果;
图12所示为部分小分子肽与鲜味受体T1R1/T1R3的分子对接结果。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
1.1鱼露样品前处理
取多种市售鱼露及自行发酵获得的鱼露,过滤后进行浓缩,去除浓缩后的沉淀物质,冷冻干燥得到冻干样品。
1.2超滤分离和纳滤脱盐
将冻干样品复溶于超纯水中,利用截留分子量为150Da的纳滤膜和3000Da的超滤膜于4℃进行纳滤脱盐和超滤分离,收集分子量150-3000Da的组分,经冻干后的超滤组分保存于-80℃备用待测。
将各组鱼露以及对应的超滤组分分别用超纯水配置成浓度为0.2mg/mL的溶液,分别装入电子舌专用烧杯中,置于自动进样分析装置上,传感器探针和参比探针在样品溶液中浸泡30s,检测膜电位变化;每个样品重复4次,并去除第1次数据。
实验结果如图1所示,超滤组分相对于鱼露在酸味、苦味、涩味、鲜味方面均有显著变化,经过前处理、超滤分离和纳滤脱盐后的获得的超滤组分主要提供鲜味及浓厚感。
1.3凝胶层析分离
各组超滤组分经超纯水复溶后,分别上凝胶层析柱,用超纯水进行洗脱。洗脱条件为:上样量2mL,流速1mL/min,紫外检测波长220nm,组分收集器每3min收集一管,将所分离得到的所有峰组分分别进行收集,浓缩并冻干。
对上述得到的凝胶层析分离组分进行电子舌测定及感官评价:
电子舌测定方法同1.2,结果见图2。
感官评价由10名试验室成员组成(5男5女,年龄在25-35岁之间)的感官评价小组进行,小组成员经过感官评价培训。评分从0分到10分,0分代表没有味道,10分表示具有显著的味道;甜味、苦味、酸味、咸味、鲜味评价标准品分别为蔗糖(1%)、L-异亮氨酸(0.25%)、柠檬酸(0.08%)、氯化钠(0.35%)、味精(0.35%);在此浓度下的标准品被认定为5分。各组鱼露及其对应的超滤组分、凝胶层析分离组分溶解于水中配制成1mg/mL的溶液,经0.22μm膜过滤,进行感官评价,根据评价结果绘制味觉特性轮廓图(图2)。
根据电子舌测定及感官评价结果,选取鲜味值最高且与原组分轮廓相差不大的凝胶层析分离组分,将其作为下一步分离纯化的样品。
1.4 RP-HPLC分离纯化
将经过凝胶层析所得的鲜味效果最佳的组分配置成浓度10mg/mL的溶液,进一步用反相高效液相色谱分离。
色谱条件为:色谱柱YMC-Pack ODS-AQ C18(250×10mm,5μm),流速1mL/min,紫外检测波220nm,上样量100μL,流动相:A:乙腈(0.05%TFA),B:超纯水(0.05%TFA),等度洗脱:10%A、90%B,洗脱时间40min。
C18柱子先用100%乙腈进行冲洗,冲洗至基线不再波动,用10%流动相A平衡柱子2-3个柱体积后上样。洗脱液在波长220nm下进行检测,分别将每个分离峰组分收集,浓缩、冷冻干燥后保藏于-80℃备用。
1.5 MALDI-TOF/TOF MS鉴定序列结构
将分离纯化肽冻干粉末溶解于超纯水中,吸取1μL点在样品靶上,待干燥后,同样点1μL的ɑ-氰基-4-羟基肉桂酸(HCCA)基质溶液,全部干燥后上机分析。样品靶放入MALDI-TOF/TOF质谱仪,启动控制软件,进行数据采集。质谱采集参数:正离子反射模式,一级质谱分子量范围为700-3500U,二级质谱分子量范围为40-1750U,部分组分质谱图如图3-7所示。
1.6小分子肽的潜在活性预测
通过呈味肽和呈味氨基酸数据库BIOPEP database(http://www.uwm.edu.pl/biochema/index.php/pl/biopep),预测质谱鉴定得到的小分子肽(鉴定肽)的潜在活性,如表1所示。
生物活性片段在所鉴定肽中的出现频率计算公式如下:
A=a/N
式中,A-生物活性片段在所鉴定肽中的出现频率,a-鉴定肽序列中具有特定味觉活性类型的片段数,N-鉴定肽序列中的氨基酸残基数。
表1生物活性片段在鉴定肽中的出现频率
1.7肽的固相合成
委托中国强耀生物科技有限公司,通过固相合成法合成小分子肽,纯度均超过99%。
1.8合成肽的描述性鉴评试验
对1.7中合成的肽进行如下试验:
将合成肽配成10mg/mL的溶液,将溶液用水逐渐稀释,每个稀释后的溶液按照浓度降低的顺序呈递给感官评价小组成员,通过三角试验确定合成肽的鲜味阈值(以水为对照),结果如表2所示。
将合成肽溶解于水中配制成浓度为1mg/mL溶液,经0.22μm膜过滤后,由感官评价小组成员进行味觉评价,要求小组成员对合成肽的感官特性和味觉强度进行描述。实验结果如表2所示。
将合成肽用0.3mg/mL谷氨酸钠(MSG)配成溶液,并用0.3mg/mL MSG溶液逐渐稀释,通过三角试验确定合成肽的增鲜阈值(以0.3mg/mL谷氨酸钠为对照),结果如表2所示。
表2合成肽的鲜味阈值、增鲜阈值和滋味描述
选用模拟肉汤(2mg/mL谷氨酸钠MSG、2mg/mL氯化钠和0.4mg/mL蔗糖)+合成肽的模型,将合成肽制备成浓度为0.2mg/mL的溶液。电子舌评估合成肽对模型肉汤的鲜味增强作用,结果如图8所示。
由上可知,S-2-II-c增鲜阈值最低,增鲜的同时可协同降低苦味;S-5-IV-d鲜味阈值、增鲜阈值均较低,增鲜的同时可协同降低苦味。
1.10小分子肽与鲜味受体T1R1/T1R3的分子对接
在Discovery Studio中构建23条小分子肽的三维结构,并采用Minimizationligand协议对其进行优化;去除受体蛋白的小分子配体和溶剂分子,添加氢原子和CHARMm力场。结果如图9-12所示,小分子肽与鲜味受体T1R1/T1R3对接部位均位于鲜味受体两亚基间的空腔区域,23种从鱼露中分离的鲜味肽与T1R3亚基的结合位点主要包括Asp196、Glu128、Glu197、Arg34、Glu25、Glu281、His125、His368、Ser126和Ser127,其中出现频率最高的是Glu128和Asp196,其次是Glu197,这说明Asp196、Glu128和Glu197是最主要的氨基酸残基,在鲜味肽与T1R3亚基的相互作用中占重要地位。23种鲜味肽与T1R3亚基的结合主要是通过与受体氨基酸残基之间产生的氢键作用、静电相互作用、范德华力和疏水相互作用,所得肽与受体结合最主要的作用力是氢键作用和静电作用,由此揭示了鲜味肽呈鲜的机制。
进一步地,根据上述23种鲜味肽的呈鲜特性,可将其制备成调味品或添加到食品中,以满足以鲜味为主的口感需求。
本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下,在其它实施例中实现。因此,本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例,而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。
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<110> 渤海大学
<120> 从鱼露中分离的鲜味肽及其应用
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Claims (4)
1.从鱼露中分离的鲜味肽,其特征在于,具有鲜味和增强鲜味的作用,能够与鲜味受体T1R1/T1R3结合,包括如下小分子肽中的至少一种:
1)氨基酸序列为YLASCLSSVKEEK,SEQ ID NO:1;
2)氨基酸序列为QAEADMAR,SEQ ID NO:2;
3)氨基酸序列为MAASGDVGK,SEQ ID NO:3;
4)氨基酸序列为VYETPDR,SEQ ID NO:4;
5)氨基酸序列为TREQMIHER,SEQ ID NO:5;
6)氨基酸序列为LLDAFFFDNK,SEQ ID NO:6;
7)氨基酸序列为EATLWDMEEK,SEQ ID NO:7;
8)氨基酸序列为LPLLEEAFLSR,SEQ ID NO:8;
9)氨基酸序列为NALKSVECYDAR,SEQ ID NO:9;
10)氨基酸序列为AKLTSLEEECQR,SEQ ID NO:10;
11)氨基酸序列为EQLEATVQKLDESR,SEQ ID NO:11;
12)氨基酸序列为MEREQEESTMR,SEQ ID NO:12;
13)氨基酸序列为SGVVAAVNDAAKDFHG,SEQ ID NO:13;
14)氨基酸序列为VLSLNSGTEAVEAAIK,SEQ ID NO:14;
15)氨基酸序列为EGSTIGLSK,SEQ ID NO:15;
16)氨基酸序列为IMEALAGAGIDPRR,SEQ ID NO:16;
17)氨基酸序列为NQEGLFR,SEQ ID NO:17;
18)氨基酸序列为MTNLLEDLSFR,SEQ ID NO:18;
19)氨基酸序列为GFGDSCTPGKNER,SEQ ID NO:19;
20)氨基酸序列为YADSNIQINGTDR,SEQ ID NO:20;
21)氨基酸序列为AREIALQELGEQAK,SEQ ID NO:21;
22)氨基酸序列为IQQDDCK,SEQ ID NO:22;
23)氨基酸序列为DAPYDYK,SEQ ID NO:23。
2.根据权利要求1所述的从鱼露中分离的鲜味肽,其特征在于,
1)-23)中任意一种小分析肽的鲜味阈值≤0.5mg/mL,增鲜阈值≤0.5mg/mL。
3.权利要求1或2所述的从鱼露中分离的鲜味肽在制备调味品或食品中的应用。
4.含有权利要求1或2所述从鱼露中分离的鲜味肽的产品。
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