CN111554761B - 探测器芯片及其制备方法 - Google Patents

探测器芯片及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111554761B
CN111554761B CN202010256504.5A CN202010256504A CN111554761B CN 111554761 B CN111554761 B CN 111554761B CN 202010256504 A CN202010256504 A CN 202010256504A CN 111554761 B CN111554761 B CN 111554761B
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黄立
陈晓静
张传杰
张冰洁
姚柏文
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Wuhan Gaoxin Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种探测器芯片,包括碲镉汞薄膜和芯片结构,芯片结构包括pn结、读出电路和铟柱,pn结形成于碲镉汞薄膜的背面上,读出电路位于碲镉汞薄膜的背面侧并且通过铟柱与pn结连接。另外还涉及探测器芯片的制备方法,包括:将碲镉汞薄膜固定于载体上,其中,碲镉汞薄膜的正面朝向载体;去除碲镉汞薄膜背面的衬底;在碲镉汞薄膜背面上形成pn结,该pn结通过铟柱连接读出电路;去除载体。本发明提供的探测器芯片及其制备方法,通过在碲镉汞薄膜背面成结,该pn结即形成于碲镉汞薄膜的背面高组分材料区(也即外延界面处),可以防止芯片反型,降低探测器芯片的漏电流,增强芯片响应信号,从而显著地提高探测器的工作性能。

Description

探测器芯片及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于红外探测器技术领域,具体涉及一种探测器芯片及其制备方法。
背景技术
器件的漏电流是pn结在不受任何红外辐射且反向偏置条件下的电流,它是反映探测器本质的特性参数。器件漏电流的增大会导致器件噪声的增加和结阻抗的降低,结阻抗的大小还会影响读出电路从器件读取光响应信号的效率,器件漏电流的增大也会导致器件暗电流的增大,进而导致焦平面器件的均匀性变差。
碲镉汞薄膜材料的组分是碲镉汞红外探测器重要参数之一,外延组分越大导致零偏电阻R0越小,当器件以扩散电流为主时,品质因子R0A的大小直接决定了器件漏电流的大小,漏电流越大,噪声越大,为降低噪声的产生,必须减小漏电流,提高外延组分。在实际工艺过程中,由于液相外延的碲镉汞材料,高的生长温度将导致碲锌镉衬底和碲镉汞外延层之间出现明显的组分互扩散效应,同时,在外延过程中,镉的分凝也会导致母液在局部区域出现组分的“耗尽”效应,进而导致碲镉汞外延层表面镉组分低,界面镉组分高。现阶段的芯片工艺表面都是在外延材料表面(即低组分面)做表面钝化后进行B离子注入,易造成反型,并且低镉组分,将导致汞空位缺陷多,禁带宽度小,芯片漏电流将明显增大,从而导致器件性能下降。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种探测器芯片及其制备方法,至少可解决现有技术的部分缺陷。
本发明涉及一种探测器芯片,包括碲镉汞薄膜和芯片结构,所述芯片结构包括pn结、读出电路和铟柱,所述pn结形成于所述碲镉汞薄膜的背面上,所述读出电路位于所述碲镉汞薄膜的背面侧并且通过所述铟柱与所述pn结连接。
作为实施方式之一,所述碲镉汞薄膜的正面和/或背面覆有保护膜。
作为实施方式之一,所述保护膜为ZnS膜。
本发明还涉及一种探测器芯片的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1,将碲镉汞薄膜固定于载体上,其中,碲镉汞薄膜的正面朝向所述载体;
S2,去除碲镉汞薄膜背面的衬底;
S3,在碲镉汞薄膜背面上形成pn结,该pn结通过铟柱连接读出电路;
S4,去除所述载体。
作为实施方式之一,S3中具体包括如下步骤:
在去除衬底的碲镉汞薄膜背面进行芯片前道工艺,采用B离子注入成结方式形成pn结,
在pn结上生长铟柱;
将生长的铟柱与读出电路进行倒焊互连。
作为实施方式之一,S1中,先对碲镉汞薄膜镀保护膜之后再将其固定于载体上。
作为实施方式之一,所述保护膜为ZnS膜。
作为实施方式之一,镀保护膜之前先对碲镉汞薄膜进行清洗,以去除碲镉汞薄膜表面的污物。
作为实施方式之一,所述碲镉汞薄膜通过粘结剂固定于所述载体上,其中,粘接剂组分包括黑蜡和D柠檬烯溶剂,配比为每10~15mlD柠檬烯溶剂溶解1g黑蜡。
作为实施方式之一,S4中,将S3得到的成型芯片体浸泡于三氯乙烯溶液中,加热三氯乙烯溶液至沸腾,待粘结剂融化后载体即自然掉落。
本发明至少具有如下有益效果:
本发明提供的探测器芯片及其制备方法,通过在碲镉汞薄膜背面成结,该pn结即形成于碲镉汞薄膜的背面高组分材料区(也即外延界面处),可以防止芯片反型,降低探测器芯片的漏电流,增强芯片响应信号,从而显著地提高探测器的工作性能。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。
图1为本发明实施例提供的碲镉汞薄膜背面成结之前的剖面图;
图2为本发明实施例提供的碲镉汞薄膜背面成结之后的剖面图;
图3为本发明实施例提供的探测器芯片的制备流程图。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例一
本发明实施例提供一种探测器芯片,包括碲镉汞薄膜4和芯片结构,所述芯片结构包括pn结6、读出电路8和铟柱7,所述pn结6形成于所述碲镉汞薄膜4的背面上,所述读出电路8位于所述碲镉汞薄膜4的背面侧并且通过所述铟柱7与所述pn结6连接。碲镉汞薄膜4、pn结6、读出电路8和铟柱7都属于本领域常规组件,具体的结构此处不作赘述;其中,碲镉汞薄膜4的背面为去除了衬底5之后的背面,上述pn结6即形成于该碲镉汞薄膜4的背面上。
进一步优选地,如图2,所述碲镉汞薄膜4的正面和/或背面覆有保护膜2,在其中一个实施例中,该碲镉汞薄膜4的正面和背面均覆有保护膜2,较好地保护碲镉汞薄膜4材料,避免碲镉汞薄膜4材料在芯片制备过程中被损伤。进一步优选地,上述保护膜2为ZnS膜2,在保护碲镉汞薄膜4材料的同时,能增强芯片红外光的吸收能力;本实施例中,优选地,该ZnS膜2的厚度为
Figure BDA0002437546130000041
进一步优选地,如图2,上述读出电路8的朝向碲镉汞薄膜4的一面也覆有保护膜2,用于在芯片制备过程中保护读出电路8。进一步优选地,该保护膜2也采用ZnS膜2,能一定程度地增强芯片红外光的吸收能力;本实施例中,优选地,该ZnS膜2的厚度为
Figure BDA0002437546130000042
实施例二
如图1-图3,本发明实施例还提供一种探测器芯片的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1,将碲镉汞薄膜4固定于载体1上,其中,碲镉汞薄膜4的正面朝向所述载体1;
S2,去除碲镉汞薄膜4背面的衬底5;
S3,在碲镉汞薄膜4背面上形成pn结6,该pn结6通过铟柱7连接读出电路8;
S4,去除所述载体1。
上述载体1优选为是透光载体1,例如采用抛过光的硅片。
进一步优化上述方法,S1中,先对碲镉汞薄膜4镀保护膜2之后再将其固定于载体1上,该保护膜2能较好地保护碲镉汞薄膜4材料,避免碲镉汞薄膜4材料在芯片制备过程中被损伤,例如在粘片过程中保护碲镉汞薄膜4表面。进一步优选地,上述保护膜2为ZnS膜2,在保护碲镉汞薄膜4材料的同时,能增强芯片红外光的吸收能力;本实施例中,优选地,该ZnS膜2的厚度为
Figure BDA0002437546130000051
其中,保护膜2的形成是本领域常规技术,此处不作赘述;优选为在碲镉汞薄膜4的正面和反面均镀有上述的保护膜2。
进一步优化上述方法,镀保护膜2之前先对碲镉汞薄膜4进行清洗,以去除碲镉汞薄膜4表面的污物,确保碲镉汞薄膜4表面没有异物残留,提高探测器芯片的产品性能。在其中一个实施例中,采用的清洗剂为三氯乙烯、甲醇和异丙醇的混合液。
进一步优化上述方法,上述碲镉汞薄膜4优选为通过粘结剂3固定于所述载体1上,在其中一个实施例中,粘接剂组分包括黑蜡和D柠檬烯溶剂,配比为每10~15mlD柠檬烯溶剂溶解1g黑蜡。具体的操作过程包括:
在载体1表面滴上粘结剂3,将镀有ZnS膜2的碲镉汞薄膜4正面贴在该载体1上,用玻璃圆盘轻压材料背面3分钟,以此固定碲镉汞薄膜4在载体1上的位置,放入烘箱85℃烘烤一定时间(本实施例中,约15小时)。上述粘结剂3配比为将1g黑蜡溶解在10~15mlD柠檬烯溶剂里,摇匀放置48小时即可使用。
相应地,S4中,将S3得到的成型芯片体浸泡于三氯乙烯溶液中,加热三氯乙烯溶液至沸腾,待粘结剂3融化后载体1即自然掉落,操作方便可靠,不会对芯片物理结构及工作性能造成影响(不会与芯片表面和电路产生化学反应)。
进一步优化上述方法,S2中,优选为通过如下过程去除衬底5:先通过机械抛光方式将衬底5减薄至100~200μm,然后用选择性腐蚀剂将衬底5全部去除,该选择性腐蚀剂是本领域技术人员容易选择的,此处不作例举。该方式能最低程度地减少对碲镉汞薄膜4材料的损伤,既能防止机械抛光对薄膜4材料的物理损伤,又能防止腐蚀剂的化学损伤,而且衬底5去除效率较高,所用腐蚀剂的量较少。从图1和图2可以看出碲镉汞薄膜4去衬底5前后的对比结果。
进一步优化上述方法,S3中具体包括如下步骤:
(1)在去除衬底5的碲镉汞薄膜4背面进行芯片前道工艺,采用B离子注入成结方式形成pn结6,
(2)在pn结6上生长铟柱7;
(3)将生长的铟柱7与读出电路8进行倒焊互连。
上述步骤(2)、(3)中,更为具体地,包括:在pn结6形成后进行芯片后道工艺,将划成单独模块的芯片和读出电路8进行倒焊互连,形成芯片和读出电路8的有效连接,并且对芯片进行填胶工艺。
其中,pn结6的形成工艺、铟柱7的生长工艺以及倒焊互连工艺是本领域常规技术,此处不作赘述。
可以理解地,通过上述制备方法,可以得到上述实施例一所提供的探测器芯片。对该探测器芯片进行性能测试,其结果较为优良。
本实施例提供的探测器芯片及其制备方法,通过在碲镉汞薄膜4背面成结,该pn结6即形成于碲镉汞薄膜4的背面高组分材料区(也即外延界面处),可以防止芯片反型,降低探测器芯片的漏电流,增强芯片响应信号,从而显著地提高探测器的工作性能。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种探测器芯片,包括碲镉汞薄膜和芯片结构,所述芯片结构包括pn结、读出电路和铟柱,其特征在于:所述pn结形成于所述碲镉汞薄膜的背面上,所述碲镉汞薄膜的背面为该碲镉汞薄膜外延生长时的外延起始界面,所述读出电路位于所述碲镉汞薄膜的背面侧并且通过所述铟柱与所述pn结连接。
2.如权利要求1所述的探测器芯片,其特征在于:所述碲镉汞薄膜的正面和/或背面覆有保护膜。
3.如权利要求2所述的探测器芯片,其特征在于:所述保护膜为ZnS膜。
4.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的探测器芯片的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1,将碲镉汞薄膜固定于载体上,其中,碲镉汞薄膜的正面朝向所述载体;
S2,去除碲镉汞薄膜背面的衬底;
S3,在碲镉汞薄膜背面上形成pn结,该pn结通过铟柱连接读出电路;
S4,去除所述载体。
5.如权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,S3中具体包括如下步骤:
在去除衬底的碲镉汞薄膜背面进行芯片前道工艺,采用B离子注入成结方式形成pn结,
在pn结上生长铟柱;
将生长的铟柱与读出电路进行倒焊互连。
6.如权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于:S1中,先对碲镉汞薄膜镀保护膜之后再将其固定于载体上。
7.如权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述保护膜为ZnS膜。
8.如权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于:镀保护膜之前先对碲镉汞薄膜进行清洗,以去除碲镉汞薄膜表面的污物。
9.如权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述碲镉汞薄膜通过粘结剂固定于所述载体上,其中,粘接剂组分包括黑蜡和D柠檬烯溶剂,配比为每10~15mlD柠檬烯溶剂溶解1g黑蜡。
10.如权利要求9所述的制备方法,其特征在于:S4中,将S3得到的成型芯片体浸泡于三氯乙烯溶液中,加热三氯乙烯溶液至沸腾,待粘结剂融化后载体即自然掉落。
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