CN111551753A - Abo血型免疫吸附膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种ABO血型免疫吸附膜,该膜包括血型糖蛋白纳米微球偶联复合物,该复合物由血型糖蛋白与纳米微球偶联制备而成;该ABO血型免疫吸附膜的制备方法,包括1)纳米微球的制备;2)血型糖蛋白制备;3)血型糖蛋白与纳米微球复合物的制备;4)复合物与膜混合。本发明的有益效果是在临床上可以对ABO溶血进行高效地免疫吸附治疗。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于新生儿溶血病免疫疗法与临床输血实验诊断与鉴别诊断领域,尤其是涉及 一种ABO血型免疫吸附膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
新生儿溶血病(hemolytic diseaseofnewborn,HDN)属于同族免疫性溶血性贫血的一种, 是指由血型抗体所致的免疫性溶血性贫血。它是由母婴血型不合所致,是新生儿高胆红素 血症中最常见的病因之一,且发病早,进展迅速,严重者可致核黄疸。由血型抗原所致 的新生儿高胆红素血症,往往多见于几种抗原性强的血型,如ABO系统及Rh系统等,由ABO血型抗体所致者为ABO溶血病,由Rh血型抗体所致者为Rh溶血病;在我国不同种 族人群中ABO-HDN占85%,Rh-HDN占14.9%,其它血型系统HDN仅占0.1%。由此可 见,我国ABO-HDN发病率较高。
对ABO-HDN早期诊断与治疗,临床常采用IgG抗体效价监测。当IgG抗A(B)效 价>64时,常采用中药茵陈利湿退黄对症治疗;当IgG抗A(B)效价>256,且持续升高 者,并采用血浆置换或免疫球蛋白注射,以去除IgG或封闭IgGFC受体,以防治孕妇早期 自然流产或中晚期死胎。这些疗法在临床治疗上各有优点,但同时存在诸多之不足。如茵 陈对症治疗不能降低IgG抗A(B)含量;血浆置换和免疫球蛋白注射,前者能降低IgG 抗A(B)的含量,预防胎儿红细胞免受破坏,后者能阻断抗体与Fc受体结合,防止HDN 发生,但二者同时存在感染HBV、HCV,尤其是HIV、RPR和其它未知病毒的潜在风险。 除此而外,自身免疫性溶血性贫血患者,其高效价冷温抗体严重干扰血型鉴定,导致血型 鉴定困难而耽误患者输血,甚至不能输血危及患者生命,因此临床中急需与血型相关的纳 米微球免疫吸附膜,为临床免疫治疗提供了简便的、新技术新方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种可吸附血型抗体的免疫治疗治剂,以检测血型抗体吸收和释 放效应,在严重的新生儿溶血病的孕妇血浆置换或免疫球蛋白注射治疗方案以及血型抗体 特异性鉴定中的替换方案,为该疾病免疫治疗和某些自身免疫病的实验诊断提供新方法新 材料,解决ABO血型免疫吸附膜的制备方法问题。
本发明的技术方案是:
ABO血型免疫吸附膜,包括血型糖蛋白纳米微球偶联复合物,该复合物是血型糖蛋白与纳米微球通过缩合反应制备而成。
为了取得更好的技术效果,所述血型糖蛋白与纳米微球的用量比为1:4~25。
为了取得更好的技术效果,血型糖蛋白和纳米微球偶联时,加入的量优选为:蛋白质2-6mg,纳米微球25-50mg。
为了取得更好的技术效果,所述ABO血型免疫吸附膜中,纳米微球选自羧基化苯乙烯微球。
为了取得更好的技术效果,所述ABO血型免疫吸附膜中,血型糖蛋白选自健康人的A血型糖蛋白或B血型糖蛋白。
为了取得更好的技术效果,所述ABO血型免疫吸附膜中,该吸附膜还包括粘合胶层。
一种制备上述ABO血型免疫吸附膜的方法,包括1)纳米微球的制备;2)血型糖蛋白制备;3)血型糖蛋白与纳米微球复合物的制备;4)复合物与膜混合。
为了取得更好的技术效果,所述的制备ABO血型免疫吸附膜的方法,步骤1)纳米微球的制备:羧基化聚苯乙烯微球种子聚合法:苯乙烯、AIBN、和PVP在60~80℃聚合;
以AIBN为引发剂,乙醇为分散介质,氮气为保护气体。
为了取得更好的技术效果,所述的制备ABO血型免疫吸附膜的方法,步骤1)纳米微球的制备:质量约占反应介质20~40wt%的苯乙烯、单体的AIBN和单体的PVP在 60~80℃聚合,所述单体AIBN的用量为苯乙烯用量的0.5%~2.5%,所述单体PVP的用量 为苯乙烯用量的5%~15%。
为了取得更好的技术效果,所述的制备ABO血型免疫吸附膜的方法,步骤2)血型糖蛋白从健康人的体液或唾液中提取,以加热法去除杂蛋白,通过冻干法得到血型糖蛋白粉。
为了取得更好的技术效果,所述的制备ABO血型免疫吸附膜的方法,步骤3)血型糖蛋白与纳米微球复合物的制备:纳米微球先经过活化,然后加入血型糖蛋白,脱水反应得到血型糖蛋白与纳米微球复合物。
本发明将血型糖蛋白偶联至羧基化苯乙烯微球纳米微球上,建立可吸附抗血型糖蛋白 抗体的治疗治剂,检测该治剂对抗血型糖蛋白抗体的吸收和释放效应,研究了其取代在严 重型新生儿溶血病中的血浆置换或免疫球蛋白注射治疗方案的可行性,为该疾病的治疗提 供新方法。
在技术方案中,利用EDC/NHS,使羧基化苯乙烯微球-COOH活化,再将其与血型糖蛋白的氨基(-NH2)通过脱水缩合,形成酰胺键结合的纳米微球血型糖蛋白偶联复合物。 偶联前后用荧光二抗标记,检测纳米微球的标记效率,用酶标仪监测血型糖蛋白含量,监 测其偶联利用率,再对偶联有血型糖蛋白的纳米微球行吸收与释放实验,监测其生物学活性。
本发明中,血型糖蛋白与纳米微球的重量比为1:4~25,在该范围内时血型糖蛋白的偶 联率在50%以上,血红蛋白太高或太低都会降低偶联率,且与单克隆抗体的效价比其降低 幅度较小。
结果:
1、纳米微球与血型糖蛋白脱水后偶联,A纳米微球显现耀眼的蓝绿色荧光,B纳米微 球显现红色荧光,结果提示:血型糖蛋白已成功偶联纳米微球。
2、偶联前后血型糖蛋白含量变化:偶联前A血型糖蛋白含量平均为0.39±0.34,偶联 后降至0.18±0.17(P<0.01);B糖蛋白由0.39±0.34,偶联后降至0.15±0.16(P均<0.01), A(B)血型糖蛋白偶联率分别为53.45%和61.60%。
3、蛋白质生物学活性测定:(1)吸收试验:①IgM抗A吸收前后平均由477.87±87.02, 降至55.47±14.15(P<0.01);②IgM抗B平均由460.80±102.40,下降至53.33±15.08(P <0.01)。(2)放散试验:放散液中含有IgM抗A或/B,此抗体可与标准A或/B红细胞发生凝集反应(+)。提示:IgM抗A或/B呈可逆性结合。(3)IgG抗A(B)效价测定: ①吸收前后IgG抗A平均由736.14±757.15,降至65.14±45.20(P<0.01);②IgG抗B由 537.60±282.93,降至99.60±59.96(P<0.01)。(4)Rh单克隆抗D和自身抗体均无吸收。
本发明具有的优点和积极效果是:
SJXSPS-200纳米微球与血型糖蛋白偶联后具有良好的免疫吸附和释放功能,利用此 功能在临床上进行高效地免疫吸附治疗。(一)、利用免疫复合物吸附功能:对妊娠期含高效价IgG抗A(B)抗体的孕妇进行吸收去除,以降低IgG抗A(B)的含量,并对孕妇 进行自身血液回输治疗,可保护胎儿红细胞免受不完全抗体破坏而发生溶血,以取代中药 茵陈、血浆置换和丙种球蛋白注射疗法等治疗。既节约血液资源,又可避免了血浆交换后 传染病,如HBV、HCV,尤其是HIV、梅毒和其它未知病毒的传播及蔓延;(二)、利 用免疫复合物将贮存血浆和冷沉淀中游离的IgM抗A(B)吸附并清除,可制备“通用型人 血浆蛋白和冷沉淀”,在军事医学上用于战伤、严重烧伤;在临床上用于老弱病残需补充血 浆蛋白输血和甲型血友病的患者冷沉淀直接输血治疗以及亚急性重症乙肝患者大量血浆 置换治疗等,可避免同型血浆和冷沉淀资源短缺而延误患者治疗;(三)、利用免疫复合 物热释放功能,将自身免疫性疾病患者血清中特异性IgM抗A(B),从患者多种混合性 抗体中特异性吸收并释放出来,再利用标准A(B)红细胞特异性鉴定,可实验诊断或鉴 别诊断自身免疫性溶血性溶贫和多发性骨髓瘤高球蛋白血症患者血型抗体的性质与类型, 为临床疑难血型实验诊断和输血治疗提供可靠诊断依据。
附图说明
图1是血型糖蛋白纳米微球偶联复合物偶联监测。
图2是IgM吸收实验中检测IgM抗A吸收后抗体的效价。
图3是IgM吸收实验中检测IgM抗B吸收后抗体的效价。
图4是放散实验的结果,其中图A是肉眼观察的标准红细胞凝集状态,图B和图C 分别是光学显微镜观察A型血、B型血标准红细胞凝集状态。
图5是IgG吸收试验,IgG抗A检测,中间为偶联复合物吸附膜。
图6是IgG吸收试验,IgG抗B检测,中间为偶联复合物吸附膜。
具体实施方式
实施例1纳米微球的制备
1.1纳米金微球和羧基化纳米微球的比较
将25mg的苯乙烯纳米微球和25mg纳米金微球(对照组)以及25mg羧基化纳米微 球(实验组),分别加入3mgA(B)血型糖蛋白,使其在室温条件下反应10h,观察血型 糖蛋白分子与纳米微球的偶联。用对应的A(B)单克隆试剂检测,发现苯乙烯纳米在同 等条件下仅能吸附蛋白质,不具备结合蛋白质的功能,故不能制成合格的纳米微球;纳米 金不能结合蛋白质;仅羧基化苯乙烯纳米微球具有良好的偶联效果,其偶联率>苯乙烯纳 米微球和纳米金微球(对照组)。
1.2羧基化苯乙烯微球的制备
1.2.1种子苯乙烯纳米微球合成:
苯乙烯单分散聚合以AIBN为引发剂,乙醇为反应介质,氮气为保护气体,聚合反应在150ml三口圆底烧瓶、磁力搅拌下水浴中进行。先将50ml乙醇加入圆底烧瓶中,然后 加入20ml苯乙烯;0.4g的AIBN,1.0g的PVPK-3,聚合温度稳定在70℃,聚合12h后, 产物冲洗3次,以出去残余的苯乙烯和PVP K-30,在聚合过程中定期取出少许样品用以检 验。
1.2.2.羧基化聚苯乙烯微球种子聚合法:
①配制0.25wt%12烷基硫酸钠溶液备用,配制1wt%BPO苯乙烯溶液备用,将0.1g溶 胀剂加入10gSDS溶液中,超声乳化备用;
②将0.1gPS种子微球加入30gSDS溶液中,超声10min使其充分分散,将其加入四口瓶中;继而将溶涨剂乳液滴入四口瓶,在30℃条件下,溶涨6h;
③加入80gSDS溶液后,再加入10g苯乙烯溶液(含10wt%EGDMA,5wt%MAA), 在30℃条件下,溶涨10h;加入2gPVP作为分散剂,加入0.01gCuCl作为水相阻聚剂,再 加入50ml水,升温到80℃聚合反应12h。在聚合过程中,定期取少许样品检测;
④聚合完成后以2000rpm,多次离心富集、悬浮洗涤以除去体系中2次成核的微球;将微球在真空烘箱中干燥后保存备用,并可得到羧基化苯乙烯纳米微球。
实施例2 A型免疫吸附膜的制备
1.1.A型糖蛋白粉剂制备
1.1.1.血型糖蛋白提取:取A血型健康人的体液或唾液30-40ml,4000r/min离心5min, 将上清液转移另一洁净试管中,在电磁炉上加热煮沸15~20min,以破坏唾液酸及其它蛋 白等杂质;再次离心10min,取上清液分装8支带盖帽的20ml试管中,将A血型糖蛋白溶液转移至10ml试管中,旋转拧紧盖帽,竖直放置-80℃冰箱中速冻24h。
1.1.2.糖蛋白粉剂制备:取出上述制备的盛含血型糖蛋白的8支戴帽试管,旋转松开 盖帽,将其放置Heto Lab Equpment低温真空抽干机中,启动电源开关,试管中液体经12h 过夜抽干,可得A血型糖蛋白粉剂,-80℃冰箱保存备用。
1.2SJXSPS纳米微球与血型糖蛋白偶联,制备免疫复合物:
1.2.1.SJXSPS-200纳米微球活化:
EDC/NHS:称取16mgEDC+24mgNHS+40ml超纯水于50ml试管中,漩涡状态下溶 解混均;
取SJXSPS-200纳米微球或相当量的微球溶液(25mg/ml)4ml,分散到上述溶液中,使其在室温条件下反应30min~3h,反应完毕分装于A15支EP管中,每管1.375ml。
超速离心:9000rpm/min离心5min,去上清液。为避免纳米微球浪费,先用加样器吸出EP管上端液体部分丢弃,再次离心将上清液去尽。
1.2.2血型糖蛋白与纳米微球偶联:
取A血型糖蛋白6mg,溶于2ml pH7.2PBS缓冲溶液中溶解,再将溶解后血型糖蛋 白取125μl,快速加入盛装A纳米微球15支EP管中,混均,使其反应12h,血型糖蛋白 分子通过脱水缩合,直接偶联到纳米微球上,放置4℃冰箱中保存1~2W后,去上清洗涤 3次,晾干,即得A血型糖蛋白纳米微球偶联复合物。
1.3A血型免疫膜的制作:将血型糖蛋白纳米微球偶联复合物加入无毒无害的粘合胶, 置玻璃板上散开展平,根据需要可制成不同厚度的免疫吸附膜。
实施例3 B型免疫吸附膜的制备
3.1.B型糖蛋白粉剂制备
3.1.1.血型糖蛋白提取:取B血型健康人的体液或唾液30-40ml,4000r/min离心5min, 将上清液转移另一洁净试管中,在电磁炉上加热煮沸15~20min,以破坏唾液酸及其它蛋 白等杂质;再次离心10min,取上清液分装8支带盖帽的20ml试管中,将B血型糖蛋白溶液转移至10ml试管中,旋转拧紧盖帽,竖直放置-80℃冰箱中速冻24h。
3.1.2.糖蛋白粉剂制备:取出上述制备的盛含血型糖蛋白的8支戴帽试管,旋转松开 盖帽,将其放置Heto Lab Equpment低温真空抽干机中,启动电源开关,试管中液体经12h 过夜抽干,可得血型糖蛋白粉剂,-80℃冰箱保存备用。
3.2SJXSPS纳米微球与血型糖蛋白偶联,制备免疫复合物:
3.2.1SJXSPS-200纳米微球活化:
EDC/NHS:称取16mgEDC+24mgNHS+40ml超纯水于50ml试管中,漩涡状态下溶 解混均;
取SJXSPS-200纳米微球或相当量的微球溶液(25mg/ml)4ml,分散到1.2.3.1溶液中,使其在室温条件下反应30min~3h,反应完毕分装于B15支EP管中,每管1.375ml。
超速离心:9000rpm/min离心5min,去上清液。为避免纳米微球浪费,先用加样器吸出EP管上端液体部分丢弃,再次离心将上清液去尽。
3.2.2血型糖蛋白与纳米微球偶联
取B血型糖蛋白各5mg,分别溶于2ml pH7.2PBS缓冲溶液中溶解,再将溶解后血 型糖蛋白取125μl,快速加入盛装B纳米微球15支EP管中,混均,使其反应12h,血型 糖蛋白分子通过脱水缩合,直接偶联到纳米微球上,放置4℃冰箱中保存1~2W后,去上 清洗涤3次,晾干,即得B血型糖蛋白纳米微球偶联复合物。
3.3B血型免疫膜的制作:将血型糖蛋白纳米微球偶联复合物加入无毒无害的粘合胶, 置玻璃板上散开展平,根据需要可制成不同厚度的免疫吸附膜。
实施例4血型糖蛋白纳米微球偶联复合物偶联监测
羧基化苯乙烯微球与血型糖蛋白通过脱水缩合偶联前后用荧光二抗标记,检测纳米微 球的标记效率,用酶标仪监测血型糖蛋白含量,监测其偶联利用率,再对偶联有血型糖蛋 白的纳米微球行吸收与释放实验,监测其生物学活性。结果见图1,表1,纳米微球与血型糖蛋白脱水后偶联,A纳米微球显现耀眼的蓝绿色荧光,B纳米微球显现红色荧光,结 果提示:血型糖蛋白已成功偶联纳米微球。
表1偶联前后血糖蛋白含量和吸光度的变化及其校正值
实施例5血型糖蛋白纳米微球偶联复合物的偶联率
偶联前后血型糖蛋白含量变化:偶联前A血型糖蛋白含量平均为0.39±0.34,偶联后 降至0.18±0.17(P<0.01);B糖蛋白由0.39±0.34,偶联后降至0.15±0.16(P均<0.01), A(B)血型糖蛋白偶联率分别为53.45%和61.60%。
表2血偶联前后血型糖蛋白的量和偶联率(n=5)
实施例6免疫复合物生物学活性测定:
6.1IgM抗体吸收试验:取偶联复合物3.125mg,加效价为512的IgM抗A(B)各 60μl,在室温条件下反应15min。然后离心5min,分别取上清液45μl,用生理盐水等倍稀 释后,对应加入2%A(B)标准RBC悬液45μl,反应5min;经3400rpm离心1min,观 察试管中红细胞的凝集状态,检测IgM抗A(B)吸收后抗体的效价,对比分析IgM抗A (B)吸收前后的变化:
吸收前后单克隆IgM抗A,平均由477.87下降至55.47;抗B由460.80降至53.33, 见表3,图2和图3。
6.2放散试验:将IgM抗A(B)偶联复合物直接离心去上清,用生理盐水洗涤3次, 末次洗涤用吸水纸吸尽试管壁水分,再加生理盐水60μl,置56℃水浴箱中振荡放散5min;4000-6000rpm离心1min后,再取放散液45μl,加入2%A(B)标准红细胞反应1min,3400rpm离心10S,用肉眼和光学显微镜观察A(B)标准红细胞凝集状态。
上述结果见图4(A);低倍镜下拍照,见图4(B,C)。
6.3IgG抗体吸收试验:选择产前检查O血浆(清)孕妇,将15份高效价IgG抗A, 15份IgG抗B,各取60μl血浆(清)对应加入A(B)血型糖蛋白偶联复合物中,在室温 下反应2h,然后6000rpm,离心5min。取上清液45μl,作倍比稀释,1:4、1:8、1:16…1:2048, 再取倍比稀释液各25μl加入微柱孔中,对应加2%A(B)标准红细胞25μl,置37℃专用 孵化箱中孵育15min,2000rpm离心10min,以凝集反应阳性为(+)的最高稀释倍数的倒 数为吸收后抗体的效价,与吸收前IgG抗A(B)进行比较。
IgG抗A检测:15例样本经A免疫复合物吸收后平由736.14,下降到65.12,;见表4,图5。
IgG抗B检测:15例样本,经B免疫复合物吸收后平均由537.60下降至99.60,见表4,图6。
以上对本发明的一个实施例进行了详细说明,但所述内容仅为本发明的较佳实施例, 不能被认为用于限定本发明的实施范围。凡依本发明申请范围所作的均等变化与改进等, 均应仍归属于本发明的专利涵盖范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.ABO血型免疫吸附膜,其特征在于:包括血型糖蛋白纳米微球偶联复合物,该复合物是血型糖蛋白与纳米微球通过缩合反应制备而成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的ABO血型免疫吸附膜,其特征在于:所述血型糖蛋白与纳米微球的用量比为1:4~25。
3.根据权利要求1所述的ABO血型免疫吸附膜,其特征在于:所述纳米微球选自羧基化苯乙烯微球。
4.根据权利要求1所述的ABO血型免疫吸附膜,其特征在于:所述血型糖蛋白选自健康人的A血型糖蛋白或B血型糖蛋白。
5.根据权利要求1所述的ABO血型免疫吸附膜,其特征在于:该吸附膜还包括粘合胶。
6.制备权利要求1所述ABO血型免疫吸附膜的方法,包括1)纳米微球的制备;2)血型糖蛋白制备;3)血型糖蛋白与纳米微球复合物的制备;4)复合物与膜混合。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制备ABO血型免疫吸附膜的方法,其特征在于:步骤1)纳米微球的制备:羧基化聚苯乙烯微球种子聚合法:苯乙烯、AIBN、和PVP在60~80℃聚合。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备ABO血型免疫吸附膜的方法,其特征在于:步骤1)纳米微球的制备:质量约占反应介质20~40wt%的苯乙烯、单体的AIBN和单体的PVP在60~80℃聚合,所述单体AIBN的用量为苯乙烯用量的0.5%~2.5%,所述单体PVP的用量为苯乙烯用量的5%~15%。
9.根据权利要求6所述的制备ABO血型免疫吸附膜的方法,其特征在于:步骤2)血型糖蛋白从健康人的体液或唾液中提取,以加热法去除杂蛋白,通过冻干法得到血型糖蛋白粉。
10.根据权利要求6所述的制备ABO血型免疫吸附膜的方法,其特征在于:步骤3)血型糖蛋白与纳米微球复合物的制备:纳米微球先经过活化,然后加入血型糖蛋白,脱水反应得到血型糖蛋白与纳米微球复合物。
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