CN111551322A - Geological channel simulation system and method for natural gas hydrate exploitation leakage - Google Patents
Geological channel simulation system and method for natural gas hydrate exploitation leakage Download PDFInfo
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- CN111551322A CN111551322A CN202010224812.XA CN202010224812A CN111551322A CN 111551322 A CN111551322 A CN 111551322A CN 202010224812 A CN202010224812 A CN 202010224812A CN 111551322 A CN111551322 A CN 111551322A
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- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/26—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors
- G01M3/28—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves ; for welds
- G01M3/2807—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves ; for welds for pipes
- G01M3/2815—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves ; for welds for pipes using pressure measurements
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Abstract
The invention provides a geological channel simulation system for natural gas hydrate exploitation leakage, which comprises an external frame and a plurality of pressure-resistant pipelines arranged on the external frame, wherein each pressure-resistant pipeline is internally provided with a flow rate adjusting device and a flow rate metering device; the fluid form monitoring device is arranged on the pressure-resistant pipeline; the control acquisition terminal is electrically connected with the flow rate metering device and the fluid form monitoring device; the output end of the control acquisition terminal is electrically connected with the control ends of the flow rate adjusting device, the flow rate metering device and the fluid form monitoring device. The invention also provides a geological channel simulation method, which can directly observe the migration behavior of gas-liquid fluid in a pipeline in a channel through the arranged pressure-resistant pipeline and the fluid form monitoring device; by controlling the actions of the flow rate adjusting device, the flow rate metering device and the fluid form monitoring device, the simulation, observation and research of the migration and transformation behaviors of the methane-containing fluid under different leakage rates in the geological channel with natural gas hydrate exploitation leakage are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of marine natural gas hydrate development, in particular to a geological channel simulation system and method for natural gas hydrate exploitation leakage.
Background
Natural gas hydrate is favored by governments and researchers in various countries in the world due to the advantages of large reserves, wide distribution, high energy density, cleanness after combustion and no pollution. The natural gas hydrate exploitation research is highly valued by countries in the world, particularly developed countries and energy shortage countries, such as the united states, japan, canada, germany, korea, india, china and the like, a natural gas hydrate research and development plan is established, the united states and japan even propose a goal of realizing the commercial exploitation of the natural gas hydrate before and after 2020, and china also propose a great-bodied goal of realizing the commercial exploitation of the natural gas hydrate in 2030. In recent years, the research of the main development countries of natural gas hydrates focuses on promoting the commercial exploitation of submarine natural gas hydrates, natural gas hydrate drilling and trial mining plans are started in many countries such as the united states, japan, india, malaysia, korea, china and the like, and sea natural gas hydrate trial mining is successively and successfully implemented in japan and china.
Although marine natural gas hydrate resources have great potential, production is accompanied by great environmental risks. Because most of the marine natural gas hydrate reservoirs do not have complete trap structures and compact cover layers, improper development of the marine natural gas hydrate reservoirs can cause that hydrocarbon gases such as methane and the like contained in the natural gas hydrate reservoirs can migrate upwards to the vicinity of the seabed along areas such as structural surfaces, sediment cracks and the like to induce geological disasters such as seabed landslide and the like, and then enter a bottom layer seawater environment to generate methane oxidation, so that environmental problems such as seawater acidification, ocean environment shortage and the like can be caused. Even the leaked methane gas is decomposed in large scale and enters the atmosphere, and the greenhouse gas effect intensity of methane is more than 20 times that of the methane dioxide, the global greenhouse effect can be intensified by the leaked methane gas, so that the natural gas hydrate exploitation is held under the cautious attitude in all countries of the world.
Leakage pathways such as natural gas hydrate reservoirs and fractures, pores, structural surfaces, etc. of overlying sedimentary formations are necessary bridges and prerequisites for leaked methane to enter the seabed. At present, the research on the seabed leaked methane mainly focuses on seabed in-situ observation and investigation, including shooting bubbles of the seabed leaked methane, measuring the concentration and flux of methane in seawater and the like, however, the observation means can only observe the condition that the methane leaks out of the seabed, the migration, transformation mode and mechanism of the methane below the seabed are difficult to directly observe, and the research is limited to theoretical speculation and hypothesis research. On the other hand, most of the existing natural gas hydrate indoor simulation means are in the aspects of formation, phase change, heat transfer, mass transfer, multiphase seepage and the like related to decomposition of natural gas hydrates in a closed system, and the leakage situation of methane after the natural gas hydrates are decomposed is of little concern, and a natural gas hydrate methane leakage channel system and an implementation method are needed to make up for the situation that the existing technical means cannot directly observe and study the migration and transformation situations of methane after the natural gas hydrates are decomposed and leaked in overlying sediments before seeping out of the seabed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a geological channel simulation system and method for natural gas hydrate exploitation leakage, which aim to overcome the technical defect that the existing seabed methane leakage means can not directly observe and research the migration and transformation conditions of methane decomposed and leaked by natural gas hydrate in overlying sediments before seeping out of the seabed.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the geological channel simulation system for natural gas hydrate exploitation leakage comprises an external frame, a plurality of pressure-resistant pipelines, a flow rate adjusting device, a flow rate metering device, a fluid form monitoring device and a control acquisition terminal; wherein:
the pressure-resistant pipeline is arranged on the outer frame;
each pressure-resistant pipeline is internally provided with a flow rate regulating device and a flow rate metering device;
the fluid form monitoring device is arranged on the outer wall of the pressure-resistant pipeline;
the input end of the control acquisition terminal is electrically connected with the output ends of the flow rate metering device and the fluid form monitoring device;
and the output end of the control acquisition terminal is electrically connected with the control ends of the flow rate adjusting device, the flow rate metering device and the fluid form monitoring device.
In the scheme, in the running process of the system, the migration behavior of gas-liquid fluid in the pipeline in the channel can be directly observed through the arranged pressure-resistant pipeline and the fluid form monitoring device; the pipeline is provided with vertical and inclined installation modes on the external frame, so that the conditions of a channel containing cracks and a channel without cracks can be fully simulated; by controlling the actions of the flow rate adjusting device, the flow rate metering device and the fluid form monitoring device, the simulation, observation and research of the migration and transformation behaviors of the methane-containing fluid under different leakage rates in the geological channel with natural gas hydrate exploitation leakage are realized.
The external frame comprises a support rod and connecting surfaces fixedly connected to two ends of the support rod; the connecting surfaces arranged at the two ends of the supporting rod are correspondingly provided with a plurality of connecting holes in the vertical direction; and two ends of the pressure-resistant pipeline are arranged on the connecting surface through the connecting holes.
In the above scheme, the whole frame is simple in structure, easy to install and easy to adjust according to actual surveying needs.
Wherein, be provided with corrosion resistant rubber circle in the connecting hole, withstand voltage pipeline pegs graft in the corrosion resistant rubber circle.
In the scheme, the corrosion-resistant rubber ring is arranged in the connecting hole, so that the sealing performance of pipeline connection is guaranteed, the corrosion resistance of a system is improved, and the service life of the device is prolonged.
The pressure-resistant pipeline comprises an inclined pipeline and a straight pipeline, and can be a transparent pipeline or an opaque pipeline; the transparent inclined pipeline and the transparent straight pipeline can be of an organic glass tube structure or a pressure-resistant sapphire tube structure; the opaque pipeline can be a pressure-resistant stainless steel pipeline.
In the scheme, the inclined pipeline and the straight pipeline are arranged, so that the simulation of the channel condition containing the cracks and the channel condition without the cracks can be conveniently carried out by the system; the voltage resistance value of the organic glass tube structure is 10 MPa; the pressure resistance value of the pressure-resistant sapphire pipe structure is 30 MPa.
In the scheme, when the pressure-resistant pipeline is an opaque pipeline, the fluid form monitoring device is arranged inside the pipeline and used for monitoring the migration behavior of gas-liquid fluid in the pressure-resistant pipeline in a channel in real time; when the pressure-resistant pipeline is a transparent pipeline, the fluid form monitoring device is a high-definition camera device and can be installed on the outer wall of the pipeline, and the migration behavior of gas-liquid fluid in the pressure-resistant pipeline is conveniently monitored.
In the scheme, the high-definition camera device is used for shooting the condition of the gas-liquid fluid in the pipeline in real time and observing the migration characteristic and the evolution characteristic of the leaked gas-liquid fluid in the channel.
The main body of the flow rate adjusting device is a PID adjusting valve group, and the control end of the PID adjusting valve group is electrically connected with the output end of the control acquisition terminal.
In the scheme, the system realizes that the automatic opening and closing system adjusts the flow rate of the fluid in the passage through the PID adjusting valve group.
Wherein, the flow rate metering device adopts a Doppler ultrasonic velocimeter or a turbine flowmeter.
In the above scheme, the flow rate metering device is used for metering the actual leaked fluid flow in the pipeline.
The control acquisition terminal comprises a storage module, a display module, a central processing unit and a man-machine interaction module; wherein:
the storage module is electrically connected with the central processing unit to realize data interaction;
the output end of the human-computer interaction module is electrically connected with the input end of the central processing unit;
the output end of the central processing unit and the display module;
the input end of the central processing unit is electrically connected with the output ends of the flow rate metering device and the fluid form monitoring device;
the output end of the central processing unit is electrically connected with the flow rate adjusting device, the flow rate metering device and the control end of the fluid form monitoring device.
The method for simulating the geological channel of the natural gas hydrate exploitation leakage comprises a crack-free simulation process, and specifically comprises the following steps:
SA 1: according to the actual exploration requirement, a pressure-resistant pipeline filled with calcareous clay sediments as porous media is arranged on an external frame, and the channels are vertically distributed;
SA 2: installing a flow rate adjusting device, a flow rate metering device and a fluid form monitoring device on all pressure-resistant pipelines, and completing circuit connection of each device and a control acquisition terminal;
SA 3: placing the installed external frame in a natural gas hydrate reservoir, wherein the top of the external frame is arranged in the stratum and the marine environment;
SA 4: opening all leakage pipelines as required, synchronously or sequentially adjusting the flow velocity of each passage through a flow velocity adjusting device, and simulating and researching the migration characteristic of the methane-containing fluid after the natural gas hydrate is decomposed at different leakage rates;
SA 5: the migration characteristic of the fluid in the pipeline is observed through the fluid form monitoring device, the leakage rate and the evolution condition of the fluid in each passage are measured through the flow rate measuring device, the data is recorded and processed and the image is displayed through the control acquisition terminal, and the condition simulation of the geological channel without the fracture type natural gas hydrate exploitation leakage is completed.
The method also comprises a crack-containing simulation process, and specifically comprises the following steps:
SB 1: according to the actual exploration requirement, a pressure-resistant pipeline filled with calcareous clay sediments as porous media is arranged on an external frame, and the channel form is combined and distributed vertically and obliquely;
SB 2: installing a flow rate adjusting device, a flow rate metering device and a fluid form monitoring device on all pressure-resistant pipelines, and completing circuit connection of each device and a control acquisition terminal;
SB 3: placing the installed external frame in a natural gas hydrate reservoir, wherein the top of the external frame is arranged in the stratum and the marine environment;
SB 4: opening the vertical leakage pipeline as required, observing for a plurality of minutes, then opening the rest inclined leakage pipeline, and simulating and researching the migration and conversion behaviors of the methane-containing fluid in the passages at different leakage rates by adjusting the flow rate of each passage;
SB 5: the migration characteristic of the fluid in the pipeline is observed through the fluid form monitoring device, the leakage rate and the evolution condition of the fluid in each passage are measured through the flow rate measuring device, and the control acquisition terminal is used for recording and processing data and displaying images to complete the condition simulation of the geological channel containing the fracture type natural gas hydrate exploitation leakage.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the geological channel simulation system and method for natural gas hydrate exploitation leakage, in the system operation process, the migration behavior of gas-liquid fluid in a pipeline in a channel can be directly observed through the arranged pressure-resistant pipeline and the fluid form monitoring device; the pipeline is provided with vertical and inclined installation modes on the external frame, so that the conditions of a channel containing cracks and a channel without cracks can be fully simulated; by controlling the actions of the flow rate adjusting device, the flow rate metering device and the fluid form monitoring device, the simulation, observation and research of the migration and transformation behaviors of the methane-containing fluid under different leakage rates in the geological channel with natural gas hydrate exploitation leakage are realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a geologic channel simulation system without fracture-type natural gas hydrate production leakage;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a geologic channel simulation system containing fracture-type natural gas hydrate exploitation leakage;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a connecting surface structure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of system circuit module connections;
wherein: 1. an outer frame; 11. a support bar; 12. a connecting surface; 121. connecting holes; 2. a pressure-resistant pipeline; 3. a flow rate regulating device; 4. a flow rate metering device; 5. a fluid form monitoring device; 6. controlling the acquisition terminal; 61. a storage module; 62. a display module; 63. a central processing unit; 64. and a man-machine interaction module.
Detailed Description
The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the patent;
for the purpose of better illustrating the embodiments, certain features of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product;
it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 or fig. 2, the natural gas hydrate exploitation leakage geologic channel simulation system comprises an external frame 1, a plurality of pressure-resistant pipelines 2, a flow rate adjusting device 3, a flow rate metering device 4, a fluid form monitoring device 5 and a control acquisition terminal 6; wherein:
the pressure-resistant pipe 2 is arranged on the outer frame 1;
each pressure-resistant pipeline 2 is internally provided with a flow rate regulating device 3 and a flow rate metering device 4;
the fluid form monitoring device 5 is arranged on the outer wall of the pressure-resistant pipeline 2;
the input end of the control acquisition terminal 6 is electrically connected with the output ends of the flow rate metering device 4 and the fluid form monitoring device 5;
the output end of the control acquisition terminal 6 is electrically connected with the control ends of the flow rate adjusting device 3, the flow rate metering device 4 and the fluid form monitoring device 5.
In the specific implementation process, when the pressure-resistant pipeline 2 is an opaque pipeline, the fluid form monitoring device 5 is installed inside the pipeline and used for monitoring the migration behavior of the gas-liquid fluid in the pressure-resistant pipeline 2 in a channel in real time; when the pressure-resistant pipeline 2 is a transparent pipeline, the fluid form monitoring device 5 is a high-definition camera device and can be arranged on the outer wall of the pipeline, so that the migration of gas-liquid fluid in the pressure-resistant pipeline 2 can be monitored conveniently.
In the specific implementation process, in the system operation process, the migration behavior of the gas-liquid fluid in the pipeline 3 in the channel can be directly observed through the arranged pressure-resistant pipeline 2 and the fluid form monitoring device 5; the pipeline 3 is provided with vertical and inclined installation modes on the external frame 2, so that the channel conditions of cracks and fissures can be fully simulated; by controlling the actions of the flow rate adjusting device 4, the flow rate metering device 5 and the fluid form monitoring device 6, the simulation, observation and research of the migration and transformation behaviors of the methane-containing fluid under different leakage rates in the geological channel with natural gas hydrate exploitation leakage are realized.
In the specific implementation process, in order to truly invert the natural gas hydrate decomposition leakage geological channel, the invention provides a geological channel simulation system arranged between a natural gas hydrate reservoir stratum, an overlying stratum and an ocean environment layer. The number, distribution and caliber of the pipelines 3 and the material of the pipelines 3 of the system can be adjusted according to the actual geological survey condition; the pipeline 3 can be designed into a visible pressure-resistant pipe so as to directly observe the migration behavior of the leaked gas-liquid fluid in the pipeline 3, and also can be an invisible channel for detecting the flowing behavior of the leaked gas-liquid fluid by a detection means.
In the specific implementation process, the passage form of the system can be designed into different shapes according to actual needs, such as vertical and inclined different forms which simulate the conditions of different channel forms of a real geological environment, and the passage form can be replaced to be adjusted.
More specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the external frame 1 includes a support bar 11 and connection surfaces 12 fixedly connected to both ends of the support bar 11; the connecting surfaces 12 arranged at the two ends of the supporting rod 11 are correspondingly provided with a plurality of connecting holes 121 in the vertical direction; both ends of the pressure-resistant pipe 3 are disposed on the connection surface 12 through the connection holes 121.
In the specific implementation process, the whole frame is simple in structure, easy to install according to the actual surveying needs and easy to adjust.
More specifically, a corrosion-resistant rubber ring is provided in the connection hole 121, and the pressure-resistant pipe 3 is inserted into the corrosion-resistant rubber ring.
In the specific implementation process, the corrosion-resistant rubber ring is arranged in the connecting hole 121, so that the connection tightness of the pipeline 3 is ensured, the corrosion resistance of the system is improved, and the service life of the device is prolonged.
More specifically, the pressure-resistant pipe 3 includes an inclined pipe and a straight pipe; the inclined pipeline and the straight pipeline are both of an organic glass tube structure or a pressure-resistant sapphire tube structure.
In the specific implementation process, the inclined pipeline and the straight pipeline are arranged, so that the simulation of the channel condition containing the cracks and the channel condition without the cracks can be conveniently carried out by the system; the voltage resistance value of the organic glass tube structure is 10 MPa; the pressure resistance value of the pressure-resistant sapphire pipe structure is 30 MPa.
In a specific implementation process, in the case of a channel without cracks, sediment or other simulated sediment in an actually overlying deposition layer is filled in the pipeline 3 to serve as a porous medium, and an anti-blocking device is arranged in the pipeline 3 filled with the porous medium to prevent the pipeline 3 from being blocked due to the migration of the porous medium caused by gas-liquid flow; under the condition of a channel containing fractures, a porous medium is not filled, and the migration behavior of the leaked gas-liquid fluid in a geological fracture channel can be directly simulated and researched.
More specifically, the main body of the flow rate adjusting device 3 is a PID adjusting valve group, and the control end of the PID adjusting valve group is electrically connected with the output end of the control acquisition terminal 6.
In the specific implementation process, the system realizes that the automatic opening and closing system adjusts the flow rate of the fluid in the passage through the PID adjusting valve group.
More specifically, the flow rate metering device 4 adopts a doppler ultrasonic velocimeter or a turbine flowmeter.
In the specific implementation, the flow rate metering device 4 is used for metering the actual leaked fluid flow in the pipeline 3.
More specifically, the fluid form monitoring device 5 adopts a high-definition camera device, and a control end of the high-definition camera device is electrically connected with an output end of the control acquisition terminal 6; the high definition camera equipment output with 6 input electric connection of control acquisition terminal.
In a specific implementation process, the high-definition camera device is used for shooting the condition of the gas-liquid fluid in the pipeline in real time and observing the migration characteristic and the evolution characteristic of the leaked gas-liquid fluid in the channel.
More specifically, as shown in fig. 4, the control acquisition terminal 6 includes a storage module 61, a display module 62, a central processor 63 and a human-computer interaction module 64; wherein:
the storage module 61 is electrically connected with the central processing unit 63 to realize data interaction;
the output end of the man-machine interaction module 64 is electrically connected with the input end of the central processing unit 63;
the output end of the central processing unit 63 is connected with the display module 62;
the input end of the central processing unit 63 is electrically connected with the output ends of the flow rate metering device 4 and the fluid form monitoring device 5;
the output end of the central processing unit 63 is electrically connected with the control ends of the flow rate adjusting device 3, the flow rate metering device 4 and the fluid form monitoring device 5.
In the specific implementation process, the fluid form monitoring device 5 is mainly used for observing the migration characteristic and the evolution characteristic of leaked gas-liquid fluid in a pipeline by an observation element arranged in or outside a channel; the flow velocity adjusting device 3 is mainly provided with an adjusting device in a channel, and a system which can be manually or automatically opened and closed adjusts the flow velocity of fluid in the channel; the flow rate metering device 4 meters the actual leakage fluid flow in the passage; the storage module 61 realizes the storage of system data; the display module 62 realizes real-time display of the detection result and display of the interactive page; the central processing unit 63 realizes real-time data acquisition and processing; the human-computer interaction module 64 is used for human-computer interaction and carrying out manual operation on the system.
In the specific implementation process, relevant research results of characteristics and natural gas hydrate decomposition leakage behaviors are researched according to geological environment exploration data, and the research results relate to actual channel shapes, distribution, sizes and materials and are installed. Filling porous media in a crack-free passage according to the distribution, the pore diameter and the saturation parameters of each phase of the porous media in an actual sediment layer, and relating to a pipeline system which is jointly distributed in the vertical direction, the horizontal direction, the oblique direction and different directions according to actual exploration and survey data; and then, opening the leakage passage partially or completely according to the requirement, simulating and researching the migration behavior of the leaked methane and liquid in the passage after the natural gas hydrate is decomposed, synchronously or orderly adjusting the flow velocity of each passage, and simulating, observing and researching the migration and conversion behavior of the methane-containing fluid in the passage at different leakage rates. In the whole process of fluid leakage, the migration characteristics of the fluid in the passages are observed through the fluid form monitoring device 5, the leakage rate and the evolution condition of the fluid in each passage are measured through the flow rate measuring device 4, and data and images are recorded, processed and output in real time in the control acquisition terminal 6.
In the specific implementation process, compared with the existing natural gas hydrate simulation system which is used for simulating and researching the formation and decomposition conditions of the natural gas hydrate in the natural gas hydrate reservoir, the simulation research provided by the invention is used for simulating and researching the leakage behavior of the leaked methane-containing fluid in the natural gas hydrate reservoir after escaping from the natural gas hydrate reservoir, in the path of the overlying sedimentary stratum, and the simulation system and related research can provide basic data and theoretical support for the evaluation of the environmental influence of the methane leakage in the natural gas hydrate decomposition.
In the specific implementation process, compared with the existing observation research on the submarine methane leakage, the simulation system provides a simulation research on the migration and transformation behaviors of the methane-containing fluid decomposed and leaked by the natural gas hydrate below the submarine interface in the channel of the sediment, an implementation path is provided for observing and simulating the leakage behaviors of the methane-containing fluid below the submarine interface, and the defects that the leakage behaviors of the methane below the submarine interface are mostly limited to theoretical simulation and lack of direct experimental data support are overcome.
Example 2
More specifically, on the basis of example 1, as shown in fig. 1, the method for simulating a geological channel of gas hydrate production leakage includes a simulation process of a fracture-free type, and specifically includes the following steps:
SA 1: according to the actual exploration requirement, a pressure-resistant pipeline filled with calcareous clay sediments as porous media is arranged on an external frame, and the channels are vertically distributed;
SA 2: installing flow rate regulating devices, flow rate metering devices and fluid form monitoring devices 5 on all pressure-resistant pipelines, and completing circuit connection of each device and a control acquisition terminal;
SA 3: placing the installed external frame in a natural gas hydrate reservoir, wherein the top of the external frame is arranged in the stratum and the marine environment;
SA 4: opening all leakage pipelines as required, synchronously or sequentially adjusting the flow velocity of each passage through a flow velocity adjusting device, and simulating and researching the migration characteristic of the methane-containing fluid after the natural gas hydrate is decomposed at different leakage rates;
SA 5: the migration characteristic of the fluid in the pipeline is observed through the fluid form monitoring device 5, the leakage rate and the evolution condition of the fluid in each passage are measured through the flow rate measuring device, the data is recorded and processed and the image is displayed through the control acquisition terminal, and the condition simulation of the geological channel without the fracture type natural gas hydrate exploitation leakage is completed.
In particular implementation, fig. 1 shows a geologic channel simulation system without fracture-type natural gas hydrate production leaks, which is a pathway system composed of 18 uniformly distributed pipelines, as shown in a 1-H3 in fig. 3; the inner diameter of the pipe of the system is 33 mm, and the length of the pipe is 300 mm. The pipelines related to the invention are all visible pressure-resistant pipes, the migration behavior of leaked gas-liquid fluid in a passage can be directly observed, and the passage is made of a pressure-resistant organic glass pipe and is pressure-resistant to 10 MPa; the passages of the system are vertically distributed, and all the pipelines can be replaced and easily adjusted.
In the specific implementation process, the channel condition of the simulation system mainly simulates the condition of a channel without cracks, calcareous clay sediments are filled in a pipeline to serve as a porous medium, and a multilayer gauze is arranged in the pipeline filled with the porous medium to serve as an anti-blocking device to prevent pipeline blockage caused by migration of the porous medium due to gas-liquid flow; the method comprises the steps of firstly, researching characteristics and relevant research results and data of natural gas hydrate decomposition leakage behaviors according to natural gas geological environment exploration data of the sea area of the Hovenia procumbens, and relating to the form and distribution of a passage system. Size and material. Filling the porous medium in the channel according to the property (calcareous clay) of the porous medium in the actual deposition layer, the pore diameter (250 mu m) and each phase saturation parameter (the actual filling saturation of the porous medium is 45 percent), and relating to a vertical distribution channel system network according to actual exploration and survey data. And then opening all leakage passages as required, simulating and researching the migration behavior of the leaked methane and liquid in the passages after the natural gas hydrate is decomposed, synchronously or sequentially adjusting the flow rate of each passage, and simulating, observing and researching the migration and conversion behavior of the methane-containing fluid in the passages at different leakage rates. In the whole process of fluid leakage, the migration characteristics of the fluid in the passages are observed through the fluid form monitoring device 5, the leakage rate and the evolution condition of the fluid in each passage are measured through the flow rate measuring device 4, and data and images are recorded, processed and output in real time in the control acquisition terminal 6.
More specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the method further includes a simulation process of a fracture-containing type, specifically including the following steps:
SB 1: according to the actual exploration requirement, a pressure-resistant pipeline filled with calcareous clay sediments as porous media is arranged on an external frame, and the channel form is combined and distributed vertically and obliquely;
SB 2: installing flow rate regulating devices, flow rate metering devices and fluid form monitoring devices 5 on all pressure-resistant pipelines, and completing circuit connection of each device and a control acquisition terminal;
SB 3: placing the installed external frame in a natural gas hydrate reservoir, wherein the top of the external frame is arranged in the stratum and the marine environment;
SB 4: opening the vertical leakage pipeline as required, observing for a plurality of minutes, then opening the rest inclined leakage pipeline, and simulating and researching the migration and conversion behaviors of the methane-containing fluid in the passages at different leakage rates by adjusting the flow rate of each passage;
SB 5: the migration characteristic of the fluid in the pipeline is observed through the fluid form monitoring device 5, the leakage rate and the evolution condition of the fluid in each passage are measured through the flow rate measuring device, the data is recorded and processed and the image is displayed through the control acquisition terminal, and the condition simulation of the geological channel containing the fracture type natural gas hydrate exploitation leakage is completed.
In the specific implementation process, fig. 2 shows a geological channel simulation system containing fracture-type natural gas hydrate exploitation leakage, the simulation system is a passage system composed of 18 uniformly distributed pipelines, the inner diameter of the pipeline of the simulation system is 3-5 mm, the related pipeline can be directly observed by a visible pressure-resistant pipe 3 for the migration behavior of leaked gas-liquid fluid in the passage, the pipeline is made of a visible pressure-resistant sapphire pipe, the pressure resistance is 30MPa, the length of a vertical pipeline is 100 mm, and the length of an inclined pipeline is 200 mm; the system passage adopted by the invention is in a vertical and inclined combined distribution mode, and each pipeline is replaceable and easy to adjust.
In a specific implementation process, the implementation method of the natural gas hydrate exploitation leakage geologic channel simulation system provided by the invention firstly investigates characteristics and related research results and data of natural gas hydrate decomposition leakage behavior according to natural gas hydrate geological environment exploration data in the Hovenia sea area, the form of the passage system is designed to be a vertical and inclined distribution combined system, the passage system is made of sapphire pipes, the inner diameter of a pipeline of the passage system is 3-5 mm, as shown in fig. 2, A1B2, E1A2 and the like are inclined pipelines containing cracks, and A3A3 and the like are vertical pipelines. And then, opening the vertical leakage passage according to the requirement, observing for 10 minutes, then opening the rest inclined vertical leakage passage, simulating and researching the migration behavior of the leaked methane and liquid in the passages with different shapes after the natural gas hydrate is decomposed, and simulating, observing and researching the migration and transformation behavior of the methane-containing fluid in the passages at different leakage rates by adjusting the flow rate of each passage.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The geological channel simulation system for natural gas hydrate exploitation leakage is characterized by comprising an external framework (1), a plurality of pressure-resistant pipelines (2), a flow rate adjusting device (3), a flow rate metering device (4), a fluid form monitoring device (5) and a control acquisition terminal (6); wherein:
the pressure-resistant pipeline (2) is arranged on the outer frame (1);
each pressure-resistant pipeline (2) is internally provided with a flow velocity adjusting device (3) and a flow velocity metering device (4);
the fluid form monitoring device (5) is arranged on the outer wall of the pressure-resistant pipeline (2);
the input end of the control acquisition terminal (6) is electrically connected with the output ends of the flow rate metering device (4) and the fluid form monitoring device (5);
the output end of the control acquisition terminal (6) is electrically connected with the control ends of the flow rate adjusting device (3), the flow rate metering device (4) and the fluid form monitoring device (5).
2. The system for simulating a geological channel for gas hydrate exploitation leakage according to claim 1, wherein the external frame (1) comprises a support rod (11) and connection faces (12) fixedly connected to two ends of the support rod (11); wherein, the connecting surfaces (12) arranged at the two ends of the supporting rod (11) are correspondingly provided with a plurality of connecting holes (121) in the vertical direction; and two ends of the pressure-resistant pipeline (2) are arranged on the connecting surface (12) through the connecting holes (121).
3. The natural gas hydrate exploitation leakage geological passageway simulation system according to claim 2, wherein a corrosion-resistant rubber ring is arranged in the connecting hole (121), and the pressure-resistant pipeline (2) is inserted into the corrosion-resistant rubber ring.
4. The geosynclinal simulation system for natural gas hydrate production leakage according to claim 2, wherein the pressure-resistant pipeline (2) comprises an inclined pipeline and a straight pipeline; the inclined pipeline and the straight pipeline are both of an organic glass tube structure or a pressure-resistant sapphire tube structure.
5. The natural gas hydrate exploitation leakage geologic channel simulation system according to claim 2, wherein the main body of the flow rate regulating device (3) is a PID regulating valve group, and the control end of the PID regulating valve group is electrically connected with the output end of the control acquisition terminal (6).
6. The system for simulating geologic channel of a natural gas hydrate production leak according to claim 2, wherein the flow rate metering device (4) employs a doppler ultrasound velocimeter or a turbine flowmeter.
7. The natural gas hydrate exploitation leakage geological channel simulation system according to claim 2, wherein the fluid form monitoring device (5) adopts high-definition camera equipment, and a control end of the high-definition camera equipment is electrically connected with an output end of the control acquisition terminal (6); the output end of the high-definition camera equipment is electrically connected with the input end of the control acquisition terminal (6).
8. The system for simulating the geologic channel of a natural gas hydrate production leak of claim 2, wherein said control acquisition terminal (6) comprises a memory module (61), a display module (62), a central processing unit (63) and a human-computer interaction module (64); wherein:
the storage module (61) is electrically connected with the central processing unit (63) to realize data interaction;
the output end of the human-computer interaction module (64) is electrically connected with the input end of the central processing unit (63);
the output end of the central processing unit (63) is connected with the display module (62);
the input end of the central processing unit (63) is electrically connected with the output ends of the flow rate metering device (4) and the fluid form monitoring device (5);
the output end of the central processing unit (63) is electrically connected with the control ends of the flow rate adjusting device (3), the flow rate metering device (4) and the fluid form monitoring device (5).
9. The method for simulating the geological channel of the natural gas hydrate exploitation leakage is characterized by comprising a crack-free simulation process, and specifically comprises the following steps:
SA 1: according to the actual exploration requirement, a pressure-resistant pipeline (2) filled with calcium clay sediments as porous media is arranged on an external framework (1), and the channel form is vertically distributed;
SA 2: installing flow rate adjusting devices (3), flow rate metering devices (4) and fluid form monitoring devices (5) on all pressure-resistant pipelines (2), and completing circuit connection of all the devices and a control acquisition terminal (6);
SA 3: placing the installed external frame (1) in a natural gas hydrate reservoir, wherein the top of the external frame (1) is arranged in the stratum and the marine environment;
SA 4: opening all leakage pipelines as required, synchronously or sequentially adjusting the flow rate of each passage through a flow rate adjusting device (3), and simulating and researching the migration characteristic of methane-containing fluid after the natural gas hydrate is decomposed at different leakage rates;
SA 5: the migration characteristic of the fluid in the pipeline is observed through the fluid form monitoring device (5), the leakage rate and the evolution condition of the fluid in each passage are measured through the flow rate measuring device (4), the control acquisition terminal (6) is used for recording and processing data and displaying images, and the condition simulation of the geological channel without fracture type natural gas hydrate exploitation leakage is completed.
10. The method for simulating a geological channel for gas hydrate production leakage according to claim 9, further comprising a fracture-containing simulation process, and specifically comprising the following steps:
SB 1: according to the actual exploration requirement, a pressure-resistant pipeline (2) which is not filled with calcareous clay sediments as porous media is arranged on an external frame (1), and the channel form is combined and distributed vertically and obliquely;
SB 2: installing flow rate adjusting devices (3), flow rate metering devices (4) and fluid form monitoring devices (5) on all pressure-resistant pipelines (2), and completing circuit connection of all the devices and a control acquisition terminal (6);
SB 3: placing the installed external frame (1) in a natural gas hydrate reservoir, wherein the top of the external frame (1) is arranged in the stratum and the marine environment;
SB 4: opening the vertical leakage pipeline as required, observing for a plurality of minutes, then opening the rest inclined leakage pipeline, and simulating and researching the migration and conversion behaviors of the methane-containing fluid in the passages at different leakage rates by adjusting the flow rate of each passage;
SB 5: the migration characteristic of the fluid in the pipeline is observed through the fluid form monitoring device (5), the leakage rate and the evolution condition of the fluid in each passage are measured through the flow rate measuring device (4), and the control acquisition terminal (6) is used for recording and processing data and displaying images to complete the condition simulation of the geological channel containing the fracture type natural gas hydrate exploitation leakage.
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