CN113009109B - Simulation experiment device and method for inducing submarine landslide through natural gas hydrate decomposition - Google Patents
Simulation experiment device and method for inducing submarine landslide through natural gas hydrate decomposition Download PDFInfo
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- NMJORVOYSJLJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane clathrate Chemical compound C.C.C.C.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O NMJORVOYSJLJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/01—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells specially adapted for obtaining from underwater installations
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/295—Gasification of minerals, e.g. for producing mixtures of combustible gases
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Abstract
The invention provides a simulation experiment device and a simulation experiment method for inducing submarine landslide by decomposing natural gas hydrate, relates to the technical field of marine geological disasters and natural gas hydrate exploitation, and realizes dynamic observation of a submarine landslide process. The device comprises a model box body, an air injection system, a landslide system, an observation system and a data acquisition and analysis system, wherein the model box body provides a test platform and is convenient to observe; the data acquisition and analysis system collects monitoring information of the pressure sensor and the high-speed camera. The simulation test device can observe the dynamic process of the hydrate induced submarine landslide, and has the advantages of simple operation, low cost and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical fields of marine geological disasters and natural gas hydrate exploitation, in particular to a simulation experiment device and a simulation experiment method for inducing submarine landslide through natural gas hydrate decomposition.
Background
With the gradual exhaustion of traditional fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum and the like, the search for alternative energy sources is an urgent need all over the world. Since the mid 60 s of the 20 th century, soviet union first found natural gas hydrate in the stratum, the hydrate was brought into sight of people due to its extremely high heating value, and as the research on exploitation of natural gas hydrate continued to be deep, many problems were raised out of the water, and decomposition of natural gas hydrate was considered as one of the important factors causing landslide on the sea bottom. The large-scale submarine landslide not only causes great threat to ocean engineering facilities such as deep sea drilling, submarine tunnels, submarine cables and the like, but also can cause natural disasters such as tsunami and the like, thereby seriously threatening the normal production and life of people. Therefore, the method recognizes the occurrence mechanism and the development process of the submarine landslide, and has important significance for scientifically guiding the exploitation design of the deep sea natural gas hydrate.
The submarine landslide is characterized in that methane gas which is far larger than the volume of the natural gas hydrate is released when the natural gas hydrate is decomposed, the gas cannot be discharged due to the increase of the volume of the natural gas hydrate along with the process, super pore pressure is generated, and when the super pore pressure is accumulated to a certain degree, the submarine landslide can occur or occur when shearing resistance in the stratum is smaller than shearing force. At present, the research on the aspect mainly comprises qualitative research, and in the aspect of quantitative research, theoretical calculation and numerical simulation are greatly dependent on the degree of understanding of soil body properties, and the development process of the submarine landslide is difficult to simulate. Although physical simulation is a reliable research means, the state of the hydrate can be kept only under the condition of low temperature and high pressure, the existing simulation experiment device is difficult to realize the synthesis and decomposition of the hydrate in the experiment process, the phenomenon that the super pore pressure and lifting force further cause landslide after the decomposition of the natural gas hydrate cannot be simulated, and the application is limited. Therefore, a simulation experiment device for inducing the submarine landslide by decomposing the natural gas hydrate and a use method thereof are needed, and the simulation experiment device can provide reference and guidance for deep sea natural gas hydrate exploitation design by reproducing the landslide generation process and monitoring and analyzing deformation stress and other information, so that the possibility of inducing the submarine landslide by exploiting the natural gas hydrate is reduced or even eliminated.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to realize the simulation of the process of decomposing and inducing the submarine landslide by the hydrate, the invention provides a simulation experiment device and a simulation experiment method for simulating the process of decomposing and inducing the submarine landslide by the natural gas hydrate, which have the following specific technical scheme.
A simulation experiment device for inducing submarine landslide by decomposing natural gas hydrate comprises a model box body, a gas injection system, a landslide system, an observation system and a data acquisition and analysis system; the bottom of the model box body is provided with supporting legs, each side face is provided with a visual window, the upper surface of the model box body is provided with a gas channel, the gas channel is connected with a first air compressor, and the gas channel is provided with a flow regulating valve and a pressure gauge; the air injection system is connected with the model box body and the landslide system and comprises a second air compressor, an air flowmeter, an air pipeline and a flow regulating valve, wherein the air compressor is connected with a plurality of permeation boxes through the air pipeline, and the air pipeline is provided with the air flowmeter and the flow regulating valve; the landslide system is configured in a model box body, and comprises a permeation box, a clay layer, a sediment layer and a hydrate layer, wherein a first sediment layer, a first clay layer, a permeation box, a hydrate layer, a second clay layer and a second sediment layer are sequentially and obliquely arranged in the model box body; the observation system comprises a high-speed camera and a plurality of pressure sensors, and the hydrate layer and the second sediment layer are provided with the plurality of pressure sensors; the data acquisition and analysis system collects monitoring information of the pressure sensor and the high-speed camera and calculates stress and strain in the landslide process.
Preferably, the visual window of the model box body is made of acrylic glass plates, and the visual window is provided with coordinate scales.
Preferably, the first air compressor simulates the hydrostatic pressure of seawater, and the second air compressor simulates methane gas generated by decomposing natural gas hydrate, and simulates the relationship between the generation of super pore pressure at each position and landslide.
Preferably, the gas pipeline and the model box body are connected through flanges, the permeation box has three specifications, and the permeation capacity of the three permeation boxes is 0.30m respectively 3 /(h.box), 0.25m 3 /(h.Box) and 0.20m 3 /(h.box).
It is also preferable that the penetration box is made of steel plates, a bracket is arranged in the penetration box, and a breathable material is fixed on the bracket; the bottom of the permeation box is provided with air holes which are connected with the branch pipes of the gas pipeline.
It is also preferred that the hydrate layer comprises quartz sand and water, the second sediment layer being covered by water above.
A simulation experiment method for inducing submarine landslide by natural gas hydrate decomposition, which comprises the following steps:
s1, determining the gradient of simulated natural gas hydrate, and sequentially arranging a first sediment layer and a first clay layer in a model box according to the gradient;
s2, arranging permeation boxes above the first clay layer, wherein the permeation boxes are arranged in the order of sequentially decreasing permeation capacity from the middle to two sides;
s3, arranging a natural gas hydrate layer above the permeation box according to a gradient, arranging a second clay layer above the natural gas hydrate layer, arranging a pressure sensor, arranging a second sediment layer above the second clay layer, and spraying speckles on the second sediment layer;
s4, filling water above the second sediment layer, wherein the water surface is over the second sediment layer, opening the first air compressor, and adjusting a flow regulating valve on the air channel to keep the hydrostatic pressure in the model box stable;
s5, monitoring strain displacement and pressure change of the second sediment layer by an observation system and a data acquisition and analysis system;
s6, starting a second air compressor, and adjusting a flow regulating valve on the air pipeline according to the monitoring data;
s7, repeating the steps S1-S6, wherein the gradient of the simulated natural gas hydrate and the gas flow introduced by the gas pipeline are adjusted, a plurality of groups of tests are carried out, and the data acquisition and analysis system records monitoring data.
It is further preferred that the monitoring data comprises monitoring data of a pressure sensor, that the flow regulating valve on the gas line is adjusted according to the monitoring data of the pressure sensor, that the pore pressure at the middle position of the permeate cassette layer is kept to be maximum, and that the pore pressure is sequentially reduced from the middle to the two sides.
The simulation experiment device and the simulation experiment method for inducing the submarine landslide by decomposing the natural gas hydrate have the beneficial effects that the simulation experiment device and the simulation experiment method can simulate the process of inducing the submarine landslide by mutually matching the model box body, the gas injection system and the landslide system, wherein the natural gas hydrate can release methane gas which is far larger than the natural gas hydrate in volume and cannot be discharged, and the hydrate reservoir generates super pore pressure; in addition, the observation system and the data acquisition and analysis system are mutually matched, so that the whole process of monitoring the simulated submarine landslide is realized, and the monitoring result can be used for researching the problem of submarine landslide caused by combustible ice exploitation. In addition, the test device and the test method have the advantages of simple operation, low manufacturing cost, intuitive simulation of the geometric form and the denaturation characteristic of the landslide, and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a simulation experiment device for inducing submarine landslide by decomposing natural gas hydrate;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a simulated subsea landslide;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of an arrangement of a permeation cassette;
in the figure: 1. the model box, 2, first sediment layer, 3, first clay layer, 4, hydrate layer, 5, pressure sensor, 6, permeate cartridge, 7, second clay layer, 8, flow regulating valve, 9, second sediment layer, 10, high-speed camera, 11, gas pipeline, 12, gas flowmeter, 13, second air compressor, 14, first air compressor, 15, computer, 16, pressure gauge, 17, gas channel, 18, flow regulating valve, 19, water, 20, wire chase, 21.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, specific embodiments of a simulation experiment device and a simulation experiment method for inducing submarine landslide by decomposing natural gas hydrate are described.
A simulation experiment device for inducing submarine landslide by decomposing natural gas hydrate comprises a model box body, a gas injection system, a landslide system, an observation system and a data acquisition and analysis system; the model box body, the gas injection system and the landslide system are matched with each other, so that the process of submarine landslide caused by the fact that natural gas hydrate can release methane gas which is far larger than the natural gas hydrate in volume and cannot be discharged can be simulated, and the hydrate reservoir generates super pore pressure; in addition, the observation system and the data acquisition and analysis system are mutually matched, so that the whole process of monitoring the simulated submarine landslide is realized, and the monitoring result can be used for researching the problem of submarine landslide caused by combustible ice exploitation.
The bottom of the model box body 1 is provided with supporting legs, and each side face is provided with a visual window. The visible window is made of transparent material, so that the transparent material is convenient to observe, and the size of the transparent material is generally larger than the size of length, width and height=180 cm, 60cm and 90cm. The visual window of the model box body is manufactured by using an acrylic glass plate, and is provided with coordinate scales for accurate deformation positioning analysis. The upper surface of the model box body 1 is provided with a gas channel 17, the gas channel 17 is connected with a first air compressor 14, and the first air compressor 14 injects gas into the model box body 1, so that a high-pressure area can be formed in the upper space of the model box body 1 and is positioned at the static pressure of water in the model box body 1, the gas channel 17 is provided with a flow regulating valve 18 and a pressure gauge 16, and the air pressure in the model box body is controlled according to the pressure gauge 16 and the flow regulating valve 18.
The gas injection system is connected with the model box body 1 and the landslide system, and comprises a second air compressor 13, a gas flowmeter 12, a gas pipeline 11 and a flow regulating valve 13, wherein the second air compressor 13 is connected with a plurality of permeation boxes through the gas pipeline, and the gas pipeline 11 is provided with the gas flowmeter and the flow regulating valve. The first air compressor 14 simulates the hydrostatic pressure of seawater, the second air compressor 13 simulates methane gas generated by decomposing natural gas hydrate, and the relationship between the super pore pressure generation at each position and landslide is simulated. The control of the air output of each permeation box can be realized by controlling the flow regulating valve 18, and the influence on landslide is simulated when the super-void pressure at different positions is generated.
The landslide system is configured in the model box, and the landslide system includes infiltration box, clay layer, deposit layer and hydrate layer, and first deposit layer 2, first clay layer 3, infiltration box 6, hydrate layer 4, second clay layer 7 and second deposit layer 9 are arranged in the slope in proper order in the model box 1, and hydrate layer 4 includes quartz sand and water, and second deposit layer top is covered by water 19. The gas pipeline 11 is connected with the model box body 1 through a flange, the permeation box 6 has three specifications, and the permeation capacities of the three permeation boxes 6 are respectively 0.30m 3 /(h.box), 0.25m 3 /(h.Box) and 0.20m 3 /(h-box), each permeation box permeated with 0.30m of gas per hour 3 ，0.25m 3 ，0.20m 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Each permeation cassette was 30cm by 15cm by 4cm in size. The permeation box 6 is made of a steel plate with the thickness of 1.2mm, a bracket with the height of 1cm can be arranged in the permeation box 6, and a breathable material is fixed on the bracket and can be a foam material or a plastic material with a porous structure. The bottom of the permeation box 6 is provided with air holes, the air holes are connected with branch pipes of the air pipeline, and the flow regulating valves 8 are respectively arranged on the branch pipes, so that the accurate control of the permeation box air outlet can be realized.
The observation system comprises a high-speed camera 10 and a plurality of pressure sensors 5, wherein the high-speed camera 10 is arranged on the front surface of the box body, and is used for observing displacement changes of a sediment layer and recording deformation characteristics of the whole landslide process. The hydrate layer 4 and the second deposit layer 9 are arranged with a plurality of pressure sensors 5; a row of pressure sensors 5 can be placed in the permeate box layer, a row of pressure sensors can be embedded in the hydrate layer 4, a plurality of pressure sensors can be embedded in the second sediment layer 9, and the wires of the pressure sensors 5 can be led out through the wire slots 20 on the model box body. The data acquisition and analysis system collects monitoring information of the pressure sensor and the high-speed camera and calculates stress and strain in the landslide process; thereby facilitating the study of deformation of the hydrate layer and the overlying sediment layer and landslide migration paths when the submarine landslide occurs.
A simulation experiment method for inducing submarine landslide by natural gas hydrate decomposition, which comprises the following steps:
s1, determining the gradient of simulated natural gas hydrate, and sequentially arranging a first sediment layer and a first clay layer in a model box according to the gradient; the first sediment layer is arranged at the bottom of the model box body, the inclination angle and the gradient of the upper surface of the first sediment layer are the same, and the clay layer is made of a rock-soil material with higher density. The layers of the landslide system and the two layers of sediment-like simulated material are bonded using a suitable interlayer adhesive.
S2, arranging a permeation box above the first clay layer, wherein the permeation box is formed byThe sequentially decreasing penetration capacities from the middle to the two sides. The first permeation cassette placed in the middle has a permeation capacity of 0.30m 3 And (h-box) simulating the wellhead position, wherein the penetration capacity of the third penetration box placed at the two outermost positions is 0.20m 3 /(h-box) the second permeation cassette placed at the remaining position has a permeation capacity of 0.25m 3 /(h.box).
S3, arranging a natural gas hydrate layer above the permeation box according to a gradient, arranging a second clay layer above the natural gas hydrate layer, arranging a pressure sensor, arranging a second sediment layer above the second clay layer, and spraying speckles on the second sediment layer, so that later measurement by using a high-speed camera is facilitated.
S4, water is filled above the second sediment layer, the water surface is beyond the second sediment layer, the water surface is higher than the highest point of the sediment layer by a certain height, the first air compressor is opened, the flow regulating valve on the air channel is regulated, and the hydrostatic pressure in the model box body is kept stable, so that the real submarine environment is simulated.
S5, monitoring strain displacement and pressure change of the second sediment layer by an observation system and a data acquisition and analysis system. The observation system records the strain displacement and the real-time pressure of the sediment simulation material layer covered on the model box body in real time, and records the stress and displacement change in the whole experimental process.
S6, starting a second air compressor, and adjusting a flow regulating valve on the air pipeline according to the monitoring data; the permeation box releases gas far larger than a natural gas hydrate layer, methane gas released by decomposing the hydrate is simulated, the clay layer arranged above and below the hydrate layer is utilized to block gas leakage, super pore pressure is generated when the gas volume is increased and cannot be leaked out, and after the super pore pressure is accumulated to a certain degree, shearing resistance in the stratum is smaller than shearing force, so that slump or submarine landslide is easily caused at the moment.
S7, repeating the steps S1-S6, wherein the gradient of the simulated natural gas hydrate and the gas flow introduced by the gas pipeline are adjusted, a plurality of groups of tests are carried out, and the data acquisition and analysis system records monitoring data. The monitoring data comprise monitoring data of a pressure sensor, a flow regulating valve on the gas pipeline is regulated according to the monitoring data of the pressure sensor, the pore pressure of the middle position of the permeable box layer is kept to be the maximum, and the pore pressure is sequentially reduced from the middle to two sides.
And carrying out a plurality of groups of tests, analyzing the mechanism and the process of the natural gas hydrate decomposition induced submarine landslide according to the stress and strain displacement data obtained by the computer acquisition system, and providing guidance for the natural gas hydrate exploitation design.
It should be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, but to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, and that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but is intended to cover modifications, adaptations, additions and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A simulation experiment method for inducing submarine landslide by natural gas hydrate decomposition is characterized in that a simulation experiment device for inducing submarine landslide by natural gas hydrate decomposition is utilized and comprises a model box body, a gas injection system, a landslide system, an observation system and a data acquisition and analysis system; the bottom of the model box body is provided with supporting legs, each side face is provided with a visual window, the upper surface of the model box body is provided with a gas channel, the gas channel is connected with a first air compressor, and the gas channel is provided with a flow regulating valve and a pressure gauge; the air injection system is connected with the model box body and the landslide system and comprises a second air compressor, an air flowmeter, an air pipeline and a flow regulating valve, wherein the air compressor is connected with a plurality of permeation boxes through the air pipeline, and the air pipeline is provided with the air flowmeter and the flow regulating valve; the landslide system is configured in a model box body, and comprises a permeation box, a clay layer, a sediment layer and a hydrate layer, wherein a first sediment layer, a first clay layer, a permeation box, a hydrate layer, a second clay layer and a second sediment layer are sequentially and obliquely arranged in the model box body; the observation system comprises a high-speed camera and a plurality of pressure sensors, and the hydrate layer and the second sediment layer are provided with the plurality of pressure sensors; the data acquisition and analysis system collects monitoring information of the pressure sensor and the high-speed camera and calculates stress and strain in the landslide process; the first air compressor simulates the hydrostatic pressure of seawater, the second air compressor simulates methane gas generated by decomposing natural gas hydrate, and the relationship between the super pore pressure at each position and landslide is simulated;
the method comprises the following steps:
s1, determining the gradient of simulated natural gas hydrate, and sequentially arranging a first sediment layer and a first clay layer in a model box according to the gradient;
s2, arranging permeation boxes above the first clay layer, wherein the permeation boxes are arranged in the order of sequentially decreasing permeation capacity from the middle to two sides;
s3, arranging a natural gas hydrate layer above the permeation box according to a gradient, arranging a second clay layer above the natural gas hydrate layer, arranging a pressure sensor, arranging a second sediment layer above the second clay layer, and spraying speckles on the second sediment layer;
s4, filling water above the second sediment layer, wherein the water surface is over the second sediment layer, opening the first air compressor, and adjusting a flow regulating valve on the air channel to keep the hydrostatic pressure in the model box stable;
s5, monitoring strain displacement and pressure change of the second sediment layer by an observation system and a data acquisition and analysis system; the gas larger than the natural gas hydrate layer is released through the permeation box, methane gas released by decomposing the hydrate is simulated, the clay layers arranged above and below the hydrate layer are utilized to block gas leakage, super pore pressure can be generated when the gas volume is increased and cannot be discharged, and shearing resistance in the stratum is smaller than shearing force when the super pore pressure is accumulated, so that slump or submarine landslide is triggered;
s6, starting a second air compressor, and adjusting a flow regulating valve on the air pipeline according to the monitoring data;
s7, repeating the steps S1-S6, wherein the gradient of the simulated natural gas hydrate and the gas flow introduced by the gas pipeline are adjusted, a plurality of groups of tests are carried out, and the data acquisition and analysis system records monitoring data;
the monitoring data comprise monitoring data of a pressure sensor, a flow regulating valve on a gas pipeline is regulated according to the monitoring data of the pressure sensor, the pore pressure of the middle position of the permeable box layer is kept to be the maximum, and the pore pressure is sequentially reduced from the middle to two sides.
2. The simulation experiment method for inducing submarine landslide by decomposing natural gas hydrate according to claim 1, wherein the visible window of the model box body is made of acrylic glass plates, and coordinate scales are arranged on the visible window.
3. The simulation experiment method for inducing submarine landslide by decomposing natural gas hydrate according to claim 1, wherein the gas pipeline and the model box body are connected through flanges, the permeation box has three specifications, and the permeation capacities of the three permeation boxes are respectively 0.30m 3 /(h.box), 0.25m 3 /(h.Box) and 0.20m 3 /(h.box).
4. The simulation experiment method for inducing submarine landslide by decomposing natural gas hydrate according to claim 3, wherein the penetration box is made of steel plates, a bracket is arranged in the penetration box, and a breathable material is fixed on the bracket; the bottom of the permeation box is provided with air holes which are connected with the branch pipes of the gas pipeline.
5. A simulated experiment method as claimed in claim 3 wherein said hydrate layer comprises quartz sand and water and said second sediment layer is covered with water.
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| CN113958292B (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2024-03-01 | 山东科技大学 | Combustible ice exploitation stratum instability mechanism simulation test device and application method thereof |
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