CN111545457A

CN111545457A - Garlic sectioning and grading mechanical device and control method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN111545457A
Application number: CN202010540167.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 侯加林; 刘全程; 姜广民; 姜中亚
Original assignee: Shandong Agricultural University
Current assignee: Shandong Agricultural University
Priority date: 2020-06-15
Filing date: 2020-06-15
Publication date: 2020-08-18

Abstract

The invention relates to a garlic clove separating and grading mechanized device and a control method thereof, wherein the garlic clove separating and grading mechanized device comprises a chassis, a clove separating device and a grading device which are arranged on the chassis, the clove separating device comprises an outer box body, two upper rubber rollers which are rotatably connected in the outer box body and a clove separating driving device which drives the two upper rubber rollers to rotate along opposite directions, and a rubber side plate is arranged between a side plate of the outer box body and the upper rubber rollers; the top of the outer box body is provided with a feed inlet, and the feed inlet is fixedly provided with a flow distribution plate which respectively extends to the two rubber coating rollers; the grading device comprises a vibration rack connected with a chassis through a spring and a plurality of grades of screens arranged on the vibration rack, and a collecting pipe is arranged at the discharge end of each screen. The garlic harvesting and separating device can complete garlic harvesting, transportation, splitting, impurity removing and grading treatment at one time, integrates various operation processes, has strong operability and mobility, greatly reduces the occupied space and volume by intensive design, and meets the requirements of farmers at the present stage.

Description

Garlic sectioning and grading mechanical device and control method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a garlic clove separating and grading mechanized device and a control method thereof.

Background

The annual output of garlic in China is increasing day by day, and the perennial planting area of garlic is large and exceeds more than 60% of the planting area of garlic in the world. Besides supplying the garlic planted in China for mass consumption, most of the products are sold in Russia, Japan and other foreign areas, however, garlic still faces a lot of problems in the early stage of planting in China at present, garlic needs to be subjected to splitting and grading treatment in a certain farming season before being sown, but the splitting and grading treatment of garlic is mostly carried out manually at present, if garlic is split too early, the problem that garlic is dehydrated and shriveled and the garlic vitality is reduced can be faced, conversely, if garlic is split too late, the problem that the garlic planting farming season is delayed can be faced, and after splitting, the garlic seeds are manually graded by naked eyes, which not only wastes a large amount of labor force but also increases the labor operation burden, the garlic clove separating and grading mechanical device is developed to effectively solve the problem of manual garlic clove separating and grading.

At present, garlic clove separating machines exist in domestic markets, the working principle of rolling garlic or extruding garlic is only adopted, the operation mode is simple, and the problems of unreliable performance and the like exist. For example, when a garlic clove separating machine works, the size of the accommodating space of the device needs to be adjusted according to the three-dimensional size of garlic, the distance between the upper disc and the lower disc of the double-conical disc is adjusted to be proper, and the garlic is thrown into the conical discs by using the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the conical discs. Meanwhile, the existing garlic clove separating machine and garlic grading machine are all independent and integrated, the integrity, flexibility and mobility are poor, the transportation process is complex, a series of operations are difficult to complete, and the garlic clove separating and grading integrated process is seriously hindered.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a garlic clove-separating and grading mechanized device and a control method thereof, the garlic clove-separating and grading mechanized devices are integrated on a wheel type chassis, the garlic clove-separating and grading device is convenient to move integrally, the working efficiency is improved, key components such as a garlic seed conveying device, an impurity removing device and the like can provide services for garlic clove-separating and grading, the overall working efficiency is also improved by one set of control implementation method, convenience is provided for a garlic sowing machine later, important significance is generated for garlic post-processing treatment, and meanwhile, the garlic clove-separating and grading mechanized device meets the requirement of agricultural machine modernization.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme, and provides a garlic clove separating and grading mechanized device, which comprises a chassis, a clove separating device and a grading device, wherein the clove separating device and the grading device are arranged on the chassis; the garlic clove separating device comprises an outer box body fixedly connected with a chassis, two gluing rollers rotatably connected in the outer box body and a clove separating driving device for driving the two gluing rollers to rotate along opposite directions, a glue side plate is arranged between a side plate of the outer box body and the gluing rollers, and a garlic primary extrusion channel is formed between the glue side plate and the gluing rollers; the top of the outer box body is provided with a feed inlet, and the feed inlet is fixedly provided with a flow distribution plate which respectively extends to the two rubber coating rollers; the grading device comprises a vibrating rack connected with a chassis through a spring and a plurality of grades of screens which are arranged on the vibrating rack and distributed layer by layer along the vertical direction, and a collecting pipe is arranged at the discharge end of each screen.

According to the scheme, the sectioning device and the grading device are arranged on the chassis in a centralized manner, the chassis provides a supporting and mounting platform for the whole machine, the integrity of the equipment is improved, and the convenience of movement can be improved by arranging the travelling wheels and the travelling driving device on the chassis; the garlic falling from the feed port is shunted to two sides by arranging the shunting plate and respectively falls between the upper rubber rollers and the rubber side plates on the two sides, the two upper rubber rollers are driven to rotate by the sectioning driving device, the garlic sectioning is realized under the dual acting force of extrusion and kneading by utilizing the differential action of the rubber rollers and the rubber side plates, and the rubber rollers and the rubber side plates have certain deformable quantity so as to avoid damage to the garlic; the garlic after being split falls onto the uppermost layer screen of the grading device, garlic seeds are screened through the vibration of the vibration rack, grading of the garlic seeds is achieved, the garlic seed discharging on each layer of screen is conveniently controlled through the collecting pipe, and woven bags can be installed at the outlet end of the collecting pipe to collect the garlic seeds after grading.

Preferably, two lower rubber rollers are rotatably connected in the outer box body, the two lower rubber rollers are respectively positioned below the two upper rubber rollers, the upper rubber rollers and the lower rubber rollers positioned on the same side are in transmission connection and rotate in the same direction, and a garlic secondary extrusion channel is formed between the rubber side plate and the lower rubber rollers. According to the optimized scheme, the two lower rubber rollers are arranged, the double-rubber-roller laminated type splitting is realized, the garlic is subjected to secondary splitting by utilizing the rotation of the lower rubber rollers, the splitting is more thorough, the upper rubber rollers drive the lower rubber rollers to rotate, and the synchronism of primary splitting and secondary splitting is improved.

As optimization, the split driving device comprises a driving motor I fixed on the outer box body, a shaft I fixedly connected with an output shaft of the driving motor I, and a shaft II rotatably connected with the outer box body, wherein a gear I and a gear III are fixedly arranged on the shaft I, a gear IV and a gear II meshed with the gear I are fixedly arranged on the shaft II; the two upper rubber rollers are respectively a rubber roller I and a rubber roller II, a gear i connected with the gear III through chain transmission is fixedly arranged on a roller shaft of the rubber roller I, and a gear ii connected with the gear IV through chain transmission is fixedly arranged on a roller shaft of the rubber roller II. This subdivision drive arrangement who optimizes the scheme utilizes driving motor I to provide power, has realized the transmission of the not equidirectional power through the meshing of gear I and gear II, makes two last rubber rolls turn to opposite, respectively with the gluey curb plate combined action of both sides, realizes rubbing the extrusion to the garlic to drive mechanism is simple, makes things convenient for the structural arrangement.

And optimally, the two lower rubber rollers are respectively a rubber roller III and a rubber roller IV, a gear V is fixedly arranged on a roller shaft of the rubber roller III, a gear iii connected with the gear V through chain transmission is fixedly arranged on a roller shaft of the rubber roller I, a gear VI is fixedly arranged on a roller shaft of the rubber roller IV, and a gear iv connected with the gear VI through chain transmission is fixedly arranged on a roller shaft of the rubber roller II. The transmission mechanism of the upper rubber roll and the lower rubber roll is simple in structure, the chain is meshed with the sprocket on the gear to realize transmission, slipping is prevented, the force transmission reliability is high, and the manufacturing cost is low.

Preferably, the base plate is further provided with a primary segment rubbing device and a conveying device, the feeding end of the conveying device corresponds to the discharging end of the primary segment rubbing device, and the discharging end of the conveying device corresponds to the feeding hole of the segment separating device. This optimization scheme carries out elementary split to the garlic through the device is rubbed to the first split that sets up, carries the garlic after with elementary split to the split device through conveyor, has improved split efficiency, and the split is more thorough, makes the garlic size that enters into the split device simultaneously reduce to reduce the deformation and the wearing and tearing of gluing the curb plate, prolonged life.

Preferably, the initial sectioning and kneading device comprises a transmission crawler mounted on the supporting side plate, a driving motor II for driving the transmission crawler to rotate, a kneading plate positioned above the transmission crawler, and a driving motor III for driving the kneading plate to move towards the transmission crawler in a reciprocating manner through a four-bar mechanism I. This initial sectioning kneading device of optimization scheme utilizes II drive transmission tracks of driving motor to rotate, carries the garlic to conveyor, utilizes the kneading board to carry out preliminary kneading extrusion to the garlic on the transmission track, realizes the preliminary sectioning of garlic.

Preferably, the four-bar mechanism I comprises a transverse connecting rod, a rear connecting rod, a kneading plate main frame and a front connecting rod which are sequentially hinged from head to tail through a hinge shaft, the hinge shaft between the transverse connecting rod and the front connecting rod is fixedly connected with the front connecting rod and is fixedly connected with an output shaft of the driving motor III, and the kneading plate is hinged to the bottom surface of the kneading plate main frame. This optimization scheme's four-bar linkage sets up, it is clockwise rotation to drive the front connecting rod through driving motor III, preceding connecting rod is as the main drive pole, preceding connecting rod and back connecting rod are circular motion around the both ends of horizontal connecting rod, thereby drive the reciprocating motion of kneading board body frame, and then drive the reciprocating motion of kneading board orientation transmission track, it is connected with kneading board body frame is articulated to knead the kneading board, make the kneading board rotate for kneading board body frame, adapt to the not garlic of equidimension, avoid causing the damage to the garlic.

Preferably, the conveying device comprises a conveying rack fixedly connected with the supporting side plates and a conveying belt arranged on the conveying rack, and the conveying rack is rotatably connected with the chassis through a supporting rotating shaft extending vertically. This optimization scheme sets up the conveyor frame as rotatable, can change conveyor to one side of grading plant at the non-operation state, reduces occupation space.

As optimization, still including clear miscellaneous device, clear miscellaneous device is including installing the selection by winnowing mechanism on outer box and being located the high-frequency vibration cleaning mechanism between split device and the grading plant, high-frequency vibration cleaning mechanism includes flat screen and drive flat screen reciprocating motion's driving motor IV. According to the optimized scheme, impurities are removed from garlic by arranging the impurity removing device, lighter impurities such as garlic skins generated by the operation of the splitting device are removed by the winnowing mechanism, the driving motor IV drives the plane screen to move in a high-frequency reciprocating mode, and the physical characteristics of different qualities of garlic stems and garlic are utilized, so that the garlic seeds are in front, the impurities such as the garlic stems are behind, the garlic seeds have a forward movement trend, the impurities such as the garlic stems have a backward movement trend, and the garlic stems and the garlic are separated.

The scheme also provides a control method of the garlic clove-separating and grading mechanical device, which comprises the following steps:

1. after the garlic is poured into the feed box, a reel in the feed box is driven to rotate by a motor, garlic seeds fall to a transmission crawler belt, the transmission crawler belt is driven by a high-frequency vibration motor to perform high-frequency vibration, the garlic is orderly controlled with garlic roots facing downwards, and a control end drives a connecting rod mechanism by a driving motor to realize the reciprocating motion of a kneading plate to extrude the garlic, so that the primary splitting of the garlic is realized;

2. the garlic after being split falls onto a conveying belt of the conveying device along with the rotation of the conveying crawler belt, the garlic is conveyed by the rotation of the conveying belt, a pressure sensor arranged at the bottom of the conveying belt detects signals, a single chip microcomputer is used as a controller, a special motor driving chip is used for controlling the rotating speed of a driving motor of the conveying device, and the garlic after being split is fed into the splitting device in a fixed quantity;

3. the pressure sensor arranged at the rubber side plate is used for detecting signals, when the pressure at two sides exceeds the safe value of garlic seed damage, the pressure sensor transmits the detected signals to the controller, so that the rubber roller driving motor rotates reversely, and simultaneously, the signals are fed back to the driving motor on the conveying belt, so that the rotating speed of the driving motor of the conveying belt is reduced, the feeding amount of garlic is reduced, and the garlic clove splitting is ensured to be carried out smoothly;

4. the garlic seeds which are split fall to the plane screen, the four-bar mechanism generates a certain vibration frequency while the eccentric wheel rotates to drive the plane screen to do rotary motion by utilizing the characteristic that the garlic stems and the garlic seeds have different qualities, the garlic stems and the garlic are separated, the garlic seeds are in the front, the garlic stems and other impurities are in the back, the garlic seeds have a forward motion trend, the garlic stems and other impurities have a backward motion trend, and the plane screen is inclined through the height difference of the connecting rods to realize that the garlic seeds move downwards to enter the grading device;

5. after the garlic seeds enter the grading device, the garlic grading treatment is realized by effectively controlling the vibration frequency.

The control method of the scheme ensures the garlic to automatically operate in the whole process of splitting and grading, and has important significance for the whole process of mechanically splitting and grading the garlic.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the garlic clove separating, cleaning and grading can be completed at one time, the primary processing integrated treatment of the garlic is realized, the whole set of technology is integrated on one machine, the integrity and the mobility are strong, and the mechanical garlic sowing process is accelerated;

the garlic roots on the transmission crawler belt are arranged downwards in order through a vibration adjusting technology, the garlic arranged in order on the transmission crawler belt is extruded and kneaded through the reciprocating rotary motion of the kneading plate, preliminary garlic splitting is completed, better garlic splitting is guaranteed after the garlic enters the splitting device, and splitting efficiency is improved;

the garlic clove separating device can be designed quantitatively according to different feeding amounts of the garlic clove separating device, the garlic conveying device is provided with the pressure sensor, the garlic is tested and regulated and conveyed in a real-time speed-changing mode under the coupling effect of the pressure sensor and the driving motor under the single chip microcomputer, the garlic can be fed to the garlic clove separating device quantitatively, and the problems of insufficient garlic feeding amount, low working efficiency, overlarge feeding amount and garlic seed blockage are effectively solved;

the garlic clove separating device is a double-rubber-roll laminated clove separating mechanism, garlic is effectively separated, garlic is fed in two directions from two sides, garlic is separated by utilizing the differential action between the rubber rolls and the rubber side plates, and meanwhile, the garlic can be subjected to secondary clove separation by adopting the laminated arrangement rubber rolls, so that the garlic clove separating efficiency is improved, and the problems of low garlic clove separating efficiency, serious garlic seed damage, high peeling rate and the like of the traditional garlic clove separating machine are solved;

the garlic impurity removing device adopts air separation and vibration screen cleaning, can effectively separate the garlic skin, garlic stems, garlic roots, garlic stem-garlic root connectors and other impurities with different masses generated in the garlic clove separating process one by one, reduces impurity content and reduces a large amount of manual cleaning cost;

the garlic grading device adopts a multi-stage vibration cleaning device, can effectively divide the garlic seeds with the separated garlic cloves into garlic seeds with three sizes, and accelerates the garlic sowing process.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a front view of the whole machine;

FIG. 2 is a left side view of the complete machine;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the entire machine;

FIG. 4 is a front view of the sectioning device;

FIG. 5 is a left side view of the sectioning device;

FIG. 6 is a top view of the sectioning device;

FIG. 7 is an isometric view of a double-rubber-covered roller laminated type sectioning mechanism;

FIG. 8 is a front view of a double-rubber-covered roller laminated type split mechanism;

FIG. 9 is a left side view of the grading apparatus;

fig. 10 is a left side view of the preliminary split kneading device and the conveying device;

FIG. 11 is a front view of the delivery device;

FIG. 12 is a front view of the structure of the first split kneading device;

shown in the figure:

1. a chassis, 2, a primary segment dividing and kneading device, 3, a conveying device, 4, a segment dividing device, 5, a impurity removing device, 6, a grading device, 7, a control device, 101, traveling wheels, 102, a suspension rod, 103, a damping spring, 201, a bin, 202, a bin supporting rod, 203, a segment kneading and dividing mechanism, 301, a conveying motor, 302, a track side baffle plate, 303, a spring tensioning device, 304, a conveying belt, 305, a transmission roller shaft I, 306, a transmission roller shaft II, 307, a baffle plate, 401, a feeding port, 402, an outer box body, 403, a segment dividing machine bracket, 404, a spring adjusting mechanism, 406, a driving motor I, 407, a gear box body, 408, a gear I, 409, a gear II, 410, a gear III, 411, a gear IV, 412, a chain I, 413, a gear i, 414, a gear ii, a gear 415, a gear iii, 416, a gear V, 417, a rubber covered roller I, 418, a chain II, 419, a rubber covered roller III, 420. gear iv, 421, chain iii, 422, gear vi, 423, rubber covered roller ii, 424, rubber covered roller iv, 425, right rubber side plate, 426, left rubber side plate, 427, flow dividing plate, 428, flow dividing discharging plate, 429, chain iv, 501, fan channel, 502, support plate, 503, cleaning fan, 504, fan, 505, driving motor iv, 506, connecting rod, 507, plane screen, 508, driving rod, 509, eccentric wheel, 510, winnowing impurity removing opening, 601, three-phase asynchronous motor, 602, fixing bolt, 603, primary vibrating type hole screen, 604, secondary vibrating type hole screen, 605, tertiary vibrating type hole screen, 606, four-level vibrating type hole screen, 607, five-level vibrating type hole screen, 608, six-level vibrating type hole screen, 609, bottom collecting plane, 610, cleaning opening, 611, collecting pipe, 612, triangular bracket, 613, vibrating frame, 2031, transverse connecting rod, 2, rear connecting rod, 2033. the track comprises a kneading plate, 2034, track rollers I and 2035, track rollers II and 2036, a kneading plate main frame, 2037, a front connecting rod, 2038, a supporting side plate, 2039 and a transmission track.

Detailed Description

In order to clearly illustrate the technical features of the present solution, the present solution is explained below by way of specific embodiments.

Fig. 1-3 show a garlic clove separating and grading mechanical device, which comprises a chassis 1, a primary clove separating and kneading device 2, a conveying device 3, a clove separating device 4, an impurity removing device 5, a grading device 6 and a set of intelligent control device 7, wherein the primary clove separating and kneading device, the conveying device, the clove separating device 4, the impurity removing device 5 and the grading device are mounted on the chassis. The chassis 1 is a wheel type chassis provided with a walking wheel 101 and a walking drive, and the wheel type chassis is a supporting and mounting platform of the whole machine; the initial splitting kneading device 2 is positioned at the leftmost front end of the whole machine and is used for collecting the fallen garlic and performing primary splitting on the garlic; the conveying device 3 is arranged on the left front side of the whole machine and the rear side of the primary sectioning kneading device 2, the feeding end of the conveying device corresponds to the discharging end of the primary sectioning kneading device, and the discharging end of the conveying device corresponds to the feeding hole of the sectioning device; the sectioning device 4 is arranged on the uppermost side of the wheel type chassis 1 and the right side of the conveying device 3, the rotating speed of the rubber covered roller is adjusted through a driving motor I406, and a discharge hole of the sectioning device corresponds to a feed hole of the grading device; the impurity removing device 5 is arranged at the lower part of the double-arranged rubber roll laminated type splitting device, comprises two aspects of air separation and vibration screening, and can separate various impurities generated in the garlic splitting process; the grading device 6 is arranged at the bottom of the impurity removing device 5 and used for grading the garlic cloves, and a woven bag is arranged at the outlet of the tail end of the grading device and used for collecting the garlic cloves after grading.

The chassis 1 comprises a chassis support 105, a garlic clove separating device mounting bracket, a steering system, a shock absorbing spring 103 and a suspension rod 102. The chassis bracket 105 is formed by welding steel pipes with the thickness of 50 mm; the double-arranged rubber roll laminated type sectioning mechanism is arranged on the upper side of the chassis bracket 105 through a sectioning machine bracket 403 and is used for fixing the double-arranged rubber roll laminated type sectioning device; the suspension bar 102 is mounted at the front of the chassis bracket 105, and travels by suspending a power machine. The travelling wheel 101 is used for bearing the weight of the whole machine body, ensuring the normal advance of the machine body and completing the steering and turning of the machine; the turning mechanism is arranged behind the suspension rod and used for realizing turning of the machine in the advancing process, and the damping system comprises four damping springs 103 which are arranged on a chassis bracket 105 and used for ensuring the normal work of the garlic grading device; the control device is used for regulating and controlling the primary valving kneading device 2, the conveying device 3, the valving device 4 and the grading device 6 which are integrated on the wheel type chassis.

The preliminary clove separating and kneading device comprises a garlic bin 201 and a kneading and clove separating mechanism 203, wherein the bottom of the bin 201 is hinged with a bin supporting rod 202 to support the bin. The garlic feed box 201 is installed at a height not higher than 1m above the ground, so that the garlic can be conveniently dumped and loaded, a reel connected with a driving motor is installed in the garlic feed box, and the garlic falls onto a conveying belt by discharging through the rotation of the reel.

The kneading and splitting mechanism 203 comprises a transmission crawler 2039, a crawler roller I2034, a crawler roller II 2035, a four-bar mechanism I, a kneading plate 2033, a driving motor II, a driving motor III, a vibrating motor and a supporting side plate 2038. The transmission track 2039 is arranged on the supporting side plate 2038 through the track roller I2034 and the track roller II 2035, the track roller I2034 and the track roller II 2035 are rotationally connected with the supporting side plate 2038, the transmission track 2039 is sleeved on the track roller I2034 and the track roller II 2035, the driving motor II is connected with a roll shaft of the track roller I2034, the transmission track 2039 is rotated under the control of the driving motor II by the track roller I2034 and the track roller II 2035, and garlic unloaded from the reel is conveyed and transported. The vibration motor is installed on the supporting side plate 2038 and located inside the annular transmission track 2039, the transmission track and the track roller vibrate integrally through the vibration motor, vibration of the transmission track 2039 is achieved, garlic seeds are orderly arranged in the transportation process by means of the vibration characteristic, and preliminary splitting of the garlic seeds is facilitated.

The rubbing plate 2033 is arranged above the transmission track 2039, the driving motor III drives the rubbing plate to move towards the transmission track in a reciprocating manner through the four-bar linkage I, the rubbing plate 2033 comprises two layers of materials, the lower layer is a silica gel plate, the upper layer is a solid steel plate structure, and the rubbing plate meets the up-and-down rotation of a certain degree of freedom to adapt to primary garlic cloves of different sizes. Specifically, the four-bar linkage i includes a transverse link 2031, a rear link 2032, a kneading plate main frame 2036 and a front link 2037 which are sequentially hinged end to end through a hinge shaft, the hinge shaft between the transverse link 2031 and the front link 2037 is fixedly connected with the front link 2037 and is fixedly connected with an output shaft of the drive motor iii, and the kneading plate 2033 is hinged to the bottom surface of the kneading plate main frame 2036. The front connecting rod 2037 is connected as the main drive pole, driving motor drives the front connecting rod 2037 and is clockwise rotary motion, the front connecting rod 2037 and the back connecting rod 2032 are circular motion around the both ends of transverse connecting rod 2031, thereby drive the kneading board body frame 2036, the kneading board realizes reciprocating rotary motion, the direction of motion is unanimous with transmission track 2039 direction, the distance between kneading board 2033 and transmission track 2039 is not more than 10cm, be used for realizing preliminarily kneading the garlic that advances in order and rolling and realizing the split.

The conveying device 3 comprises a conveying frame fixedly connected with the supporting side plate 2038 and a conveying belt 304 arranged on the conveying frame, wherein the conveying frame is provided with a track side baffle 302, a spring tensioning device 303, a transmission roller shaft I305, a transmission roller shaft II 306 and a conveying motor 301. The conveying belt 304 is provided with partitions 307 uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction on the conveying surface thereof to ensure that the garlic is conveyed upwards along the conveying belt 304, and crawler side baffles 302 are arranged on both sides of the conveying belt 304 to prevent the garlic from falling and leaking from both sides. The transmission roller shaft I305 and the transmission roller shaft II 306 are respectively arranged at two ends of the conveyer belt 304 to realize transmission of the conveyer belt 304; the transmission roller shaft I305 is connected with the conveying motor 301, and the rotating speed of the transmission roller shaft I305 is controlled by controlling the rotating speed of the conveying motor 301. The spring tensioning device 303 comprises an adjusting bolt 3031, a tensioning spring 3033 and an adjusting nut 3032, and the tensioning device 303 is arranged at an inlet below the conveying device 3 to tension the conveying belt 304; the bottom of the conveying belt is provided with a pressure sensor for detecting the weight of garlic seeds on the conveying belt, and the garlic seeds are coupled with the conveying motor 301 to realize quantitative transmission and quantitative feeding of the garlic. The conveying machine frame is rotatably connected with the chassis through a supporting rotating shaft extending vertically, the upper end of the supporting rotating shaft is fixedly connected with the conveying machine frame, the lower end of the supporting rotating shaft is rotatably connected with the chassis, or the lower end of the supporting rotating shaft is fixedly connected with the chassis, and the upper end of the supporting rotating shaft is rotatably connected with the conveying machine frame. When the garlic clove separating device is used, the primary clove separating kneading device and the conveying device need to rotate 90 degrees along the supporting rotating shaft in the anticlockwise direction, the discharge opening of the conveying device is located above the clove separating device, and garlic passing through the garlic clove separating device can enter the garlic clove separating device through the conveying device.

The sectioning device 4 comprises a spring adjusting mechanism 404, a double-rubber-covered-roller laminated sectioning mechanism, and an outer box 402 fixedly connected with the chassis through a sectioning machine bracket 403. The top of outer box is equipped with feed inlet 401, and feed inlet 401 bottom is connected with outer box 402, and feed inlet 401 is the rectangle, and length direction is unanimous with rubber roll installation direction, and feed inlet 401 department sets firmly the flow distribution plate 427 that extends down respectively to two rubber rolls of putting in the range upon range of formula split mechanism of rubber roll to the garlic carries out reposition of redundant personnel to the garlic after realizing that the garlic gets into from feed inlet 401 and handles. Be equipped with the fan installing port on outer box 402, the clear miscellaneous mouthful 510 of selection by winnowing, the discharge opening, the rubber roll installing port, the discharge opening top is equipped with the reposition of redundant personnel stripper 428 that is located the outer box, realizes the garlic reposition of redundant personnel, avoids the garlic to block up.

The double-rubber-roller laminated type sectioning mechanism realizes sectioning of garlic by utilizing the special structure of the silica gel roller and the differential principle of the silica gel side plate. Specifically, the double-rubber-roller laminated type sectioning mechanism comprises two upper rubber rollers rotatably connected in an outer box body and a sectioning driving device driving the two upper rubber rollers to rotate in opposite directions, a rubber side plate is arranged between an outer box side plate and the upper rubber rollers, a garlic primary extrusion channel is formed between the rubber side plate and the upper rubber rollers, the rubber side plates on two sides are a right rubber side plate 425 and a left rubber side plate 426 respectively, the right rubber side plate and the left rubber side plate are arranged on the side wall of a cavity of the box body respectively, and a certain operation gap is formed between the rubber side plates and the rubber rollers respectively to serve as the. Two lower rubber rollers are rotatably connected in the outer box body, the two lower rubber rollers are respectively positioned below the two upper rubber rollers, the upper rubber roller positioned on the same side is in transmission connection with the lower rubber rollers and has the same steering direction, and a garlic secondary extrusion channel is formed between the rubber side plate and the lower rubber rollers. The split driving device comprises a driving motor I406 fixed on the outer box body, a shaft I coaxially and fixedly connected with an output shaft of the driving motor I406, and a shaft II rotatably connected with the outer box body, wherein a gear I408 and a gear III 410 are fixedly arranged on the shaft I, a gear IV 411 and a gear II 409 meshed with the gear I408 are fixedly arranged on the shaft II, the gear III 410 and the gear IV 411 are arranged in a staggered mode, the gear I408 and the gear II 409 are both arranged in the gear box body 407, the driving motor I406 transmits power to the gear I408, and the gear I408 and the gear II 409 are meshed with each other for transmission so as to realize transmission of the power in different directions.

The two gluing rollers in the embodiment are respectively a rubber roller I417 and a rubber roller II 423, when the gluing device works, the rubber roller I417 rotates anticlockwise leftwards, the rubber roller II 423 rotates clockwise rightwards, a gear i 413 in transmission connection with a gear III 410 through a chain IV 429 is fixedly arranged on a roller shaft of the rubber roller I417, and a gear ii 414 in transmission connection with a gear IV 411 through a chain I412 is fixedly arranged on a roller shaft of the rubber roller II 423. The two lower rubber rollers are respectively a rubber roller III 419 and a rubber roller IV 424, a gear V416 is fixedly mounted on a roller shaft of the rubber roller III 419, a gear iii 415 in transmission connection with the gear V416 through a chain II 418 is fixedly mounted on a roller shaft of the rubber roller I417, a gear VI 422 is fixedly mounted on a roller shaft of the rubber roller IV 424, and a gear iv 420 in transmission connection with the gear VI 422 through a chain III 421 is fixedly mounted on a roller shaft of the rubber roller II 423.

The roller shafts of the rubber roller I417, the rubber roller II 423, the rubber roller III 419 and the rubber roller IV 424 are rotatably connected with the outer box body, the rubber roller I417, the rubber roller II 423, the rubber roller III 419 and the rubber roller IV 424 are all silica gel rollers, and the rubber side plates are all silica gel side plates. The rubber roll profile is equipped with the tooth that has certain angle, can be better with the effort operation on the garlic, and the silica gel curb plate outside is equipped with spring adjustment mechanism, can effectively carry out dynamic control to the operation space, prevents the problem of garlic extrusion damage. The rubber roller I417 and the rubber roller II 423 are arranged on two sides in the cavity of the box body in a double-arrangement mode to realize primary rolling-pressing sectioning of the garlic, and the rubber roller III 419 and the rubber roller IV 424 are respectively arranged below the silica gel roller I417 and the silica gel roller II 423 in a stacked mode to realize secondary rolling-pressing sectioning of the garlic.

The spring adjusting mechanism 404 is used for adjusting the operation gap between the silica gel side plate and the silica gel roller, and reducing damage to garlic when garlic is split. The spring adjusting mechanism comprises eight adjusting bolts and buffer springs which are arranged on the side wall of the outer box body in a penetrating mode, the rubber side plates are arranged on the box bodies on the two sides of the splitting machine through the adjusting bolts and the buffer springs, when the volume of garlic falling into the splitting device is too large, the silica gel side plates push the buffer springs on the adjusting bolts, the buffer springs are compressed, and expansion of an operation gap is achieved; on the contrary, when the volume of the garlic is reduced, the buffer spring extends to realize the contraction of the operation gap.

As shown in fig. 4, the impurity removing device 5 includes an air separation mechanism installed on the outer box body and a high-frequency vibration cleaning mechanism located between the sectioning device and the classifying device. The air separation mechanism comprises a cleaning fan 503, a fan channel 501, a fan 504 and a supporting plate 502, the fan 504 is installed on the cleaning fan 503, air flow generated by the cleaning fan 503 through the fan 504 is converged under the action of the fan channel 501, the air flow uniformly enters the cavity of the outer box body of the garlic clove separating device through a flow isolating plate, the primary cleaning of light and impurity substances such as garlic skins and garlic whiskers generated after garlic cloves are separated is realized through the designed air volume, and the supporting plate 502 is fixedly connected in the fan channel and used for supporting the installation of the fan.

The high-frequency vibration cleaning mechanism comprises a connecting rod 506, a driving rod 508, an eccentric wheel 509, a plane screen 507 and a driving motor IV 505 for driving the plane screen to reciprocate, garlic seeds and sundries are separated under the screening action of the plane screen, and the garlic seeds enter the grading device 6 to ensure that the garlic seeds entering the grading device are clean. Four connecting rods 506 are hinged to the bottom surface of the flat screen 507 for realizing the vibrating reciprocating motion of the flat screen 507, and the length of the two connecting rods far away from the feed inlet of the grading device is larger than that of the two connecting rods on the other side, so that the whole flat screen is inclined towards one side of the feed inlet of the grading device, and garlic seeds can roll towards the grading device conveniently. One end of a driving rod 508 is hinged at the middle connection part of a plane sieve 507, the other end of the driving rod is hinged with an eccentric wheel 509, the rotation center of the eccentric wheel 509 is fixedly arranged on an output shaft of a driving motor IV 505, the driving motor IV 505 provides power to enable the eccentric wheel to rotate, power transmission is achieved, a four-bar mechanism rotates on the eccentric wheel to do rotary motion and generate certain vibration frequency to separate garlic stems and garlic seeds, the garlic seeds are in front, the garlic stems and other impurities are behind, the garlic seeds have a forward motion trend, the garlic stems and other impurities have a backward motion trend, the plane sieve inclines to enable the garlic seeds to move downwards to enter a grading device 6 through unequal lengths of the connecting rods, the garlic stems, garlic roots and the garlic which are well separated are separated through the plane sieve 507, the fact that no impurities exist in the garlic grading device, and clean garlic seeds are obtained.

The grading device comprises a vibrating frame 613 connected with a chassis through a spring 103 and a plurality of grades of screens which are arranged on the vibrating frame and distributed along the vertical layer by layer, wherein a collecting pipe 611 is arranged at the discharge end of each screen, the screens are multi-grade vibrating type hole screens and are fixed on the connecting frame 613 through connecting and fixing bolts 602, and a cleaning port 610 is arranged on the side surface of the connecting frame 613. A triangular support 612 is welded at the bottom of the vibration rack 613, three asynchronous motors 601 of two vibration pumps are mounted on the triangular support 612, and the three asynchronous motors 601 of the two vibration pumps are respectively positioned at the left side and the right side of the triangular support to provide vibration power for the grading device. The screen cloth includes six grades of vibration type hole screen cloth that from top to bottom arranges in proper order: a first-stage vibrating type hole screen 603, a second-stage vibrating type hole screen 604, a third-stage vibrating type hole screen 605, a fourth-stage vibrating type hole screen 606, a fifth-stage vibrating type hole screen 607, and a sixth-stage vibrating type hole screen 608. Meanwhile, the holes in the six-stage vibrating hole screen are classified into three-stage holes according to the garlic size, the garlic classification is guaranteed to be completed, and after the garlic seeds are classified into three stages, unqualified garlic, dust and other impurities fall into the last bottom collecting plane 609; the collecting pipe 611 is arranged at the front part of each layer of the vibration type hole sieve as a discharge opening, and the front end of the discharge opening of the collecting pipe is bound with a collecting bag to realize bagging of the graded garlic seeds.

The control method of the garlic clove-separating and grading mechanized device comprises the following steps:

2. the garlic after being subjected to primary splitting falls onto a conveying belt of a conveying device along with the rotation of a conveying crawler belt, the garlic is conveyed by the rotation of the conveying belt, a pressure sensor arranged at the bottom of the conveying belt is used for detecting signals, a C8051F020 single chip microcomputer is used as a controller, a special motor is used for driving a chip, the rotating speed of a driving motor of the conveying device is controlled, and the garlic after being subjected to primary splitting is quantitatively fed into a splitting device;

Of course, the above description is not limited to the above examples, and the undescribed technical features of the present invention can be implemented by or using the prior art, and will not be described herein again; the above embodiments and drawings are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the present invention, and the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and shall also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A garlic is divided a lamella and is graded mechanized device which characterized in that: the device comprises a base plate (1), and a sectioning device (4) and a grading device (6) which are arranged on the base plate, wherein a discharge hole of the sectioning device corresponds to a feed hole of the grading device;

the garlic clove separating device comprises an outer box body (402) fixedly connected with a chassis, two gluing rollers rotatably connected in the outer box body and a clove separating driving device for driving the two gluing rollers to rotate along opposite directions, a glue side plate is arranged between a side plate of the outer box body and the gluing rollers, and a garlic primary extrusion channel is formed between the glue side plate and the gluing rollers; a feed inlet (401) is arranged at the top of the outer box body, and a flow distribution plate (427) respectively extending to the two gluing rollers is fixedly arranged at the feed inlet;

the grading device comprises a vibration rack connected with a chassis through a spring (103) and a plurality of grades of screens which are arranged on the vibration rack and distributed layer by layer along the vertical direction, and a collecting pipe (611) is arranged at the discharge end of each screen.

2. The garlic clove-grading mechanization device according to claim 1, wherein: two lower rubber rollers are rotatably connected in the outer box body, the two lower rubber rollers are respectively positioned below the two upper rubber rollers, the upper rubber roller positioned on the same side is in transmission connection with the lower rubber rollers and has the same steering direction, and a garlic secondary extrusion channel is formed between the rubber side plate and the lower rubber rollers.

3. The garlic clove-grading mechanization device according to claim 2, wherein: the split driving device comprises a driving motor I (406) fixed on the outer box body, a shaft I fixedly connected with an output shaft of the driving motor I (406), and a shaft II rotatably connected with the outer box body, wherein a gear I (408) and a gear III (410) are fixedly arranged on the shaft I, a gear IV (411) and a gear II (409) meshed with the gear I (408) are fixedly arranged on the shaft II;

the two gluing rollers are respectively a rubber roller I (417) and a rubber roller II (423), a gear i (413) in transmission connection with the gear III (410) through a chain is fixedly arranged on a roller shaft of the rubber roller I (417), and a gear ii (414) in transmission connection with the gear IV (411) through a chain is fixedly arranged on a roller shaft of the rubber roller II (423).

4. The garlic clove-grading mechanization device according to claim 3, wherein: the two lower rubber rollers are respectively a rubber roller III (419) and a rubber roller IV (424), a gear V (416) is fixedly arranged on a roller shaft of the rubber roller III (419), a gear iii (415) connected with the gear V (416) through chain transmission is fixedly arranged on a roller shaft of the rubber roller I (417), a gear VI (422) is fixedly arranged on a roller shaft of the rubber roller IV (424), and a gear iv (420) connected with the gear VI (422) through chain transmission is fixedly arranged on a roller shaft of the rubber roller II (423).

5. The garlic clove-grading mechanization device according to claim 1, wherein: the base plate is also provided with a primary segment rubbing device (2) and a conveying device (3), the feeding end of the conveying device corresponds to the discharging end of the primary segment rubbing device, and the discharging end of the conveying device corresponds to the feeding hole of the segment separating device.

6. The garlic clove-grading mechanization device according to claim 5, wherein: the initial split kneading device comprises a transmission crawler belt (2039) arranged on a supporting side plate (2038), a driving motor II for driving the transmission crawler belt to rotate, a kneading plate (2033) positioned above the transmission crawler belt (2039), and a driving motor III for driving the kneading plate to move towards the transmission crawler belt in a reciprocating manner through a four-bar mechanism I.

7. The garlic clove-grading mechanization device according to claim 6, wherein: the four-bar mechanism I comprises a transverse connecting rod (2031), a rear connecting rod (2032), a kneading plate main frame (2036) and a front connecting rod (2037) which are sequentially hinged from head to tail through a hinge shaft, the hinge shaft between the transverse connecting rod (2031) and the front connecting rod (2037) is fixedly connected with the front connecting rod (2037) and is fixedly connected with an output shaft of a driving motor III, and the bottom surface of the kneading plate main frame (2036) is hinged with the kneading plate (2033).

8. The garlic clove-grading mechanization device according to claim 6, wherein: the conveying device comprises a conveying rack fixedly connected with a supporting side plate (2038) and a conveying belt arranged on the conveying rack, and the conveying rack is rotatably connected with the chassis through a supporting rotating shaft extending vertically.

9. The garlic clove-grading mechanization device according to claim 1, wherein: still including clear miscellaneous device (5), clear miscellaneous device (5) are including installing the air separation mechanism on outer box and being located the high frequency vibration cleaning mechanism between split device and the grading plant, the high frequency vibration cleaning mechanism includes flat screen (507) and drive flat screen reciprocating motion's driving motor IV (505).

10. A method for controlling a garlic clove grading mechanization device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) after the garlic is poured into the feed box, a reel in the feed box is driven to rotate by a motor, garlic seeds fall to a transmission crawler belt, the transmission crawler belt is driven by a high-frequency vibration motor to perform high-frequency vibration, the garlic is orderly controlled with garlic roots facing downwards, and a control end drives a connecting rod mechanism by a driving motor to realize the reciprocating motion of a kneading plate to extrude the garlic, so that the primary splitting of the garlic is realized;

(2) the garlic after being split falls onto a conveying belt of the conveying device along with the rotation of the conveying crawler belt, the garlic is conveyed by the rotation of the conveying belt, a pressure sensor arranged at the bottom of the conveying belt detects signals, a single chip microcomputer is used as a controller, a special motor driving chip is used for controlling the rotating speed of a driving motor of the conveying device, and the garlic after being split is fed into the splitting device in a fixed quantity;

(3) the pressure sensor arranged at the rubber side plate is used for detecting signals, when the pressure at two sides exceeds the safe value of garlic seed damage, the pressure sensor transmits the detected signals to the controller, so that the rubber roller driving motor rotates reversely, and simultaneously, the signals are fed back to the driving motor on the conveying belt, so that the rotating speed of the driving motor of the conveying belt is reduced, and the feeding amount of garlic is reduced;

(4) the garlic seeds which are split fall to the plane screen, the four-bar mechanism generates a certain vibration frequency while the eccentric wheel rotates to drive the plane screen to do rotary motion by utilizing the characteristic that the garlic stems and the garlic seeds have different qualities, the garlic stems and the garlic are separated, the garlic seeds are in the front, the garlic stems and other impurities are in the back, the garlic seeds have a forward motion trend, the garlic stems and other impurities have a backward motion trend, and the plane screen is inclined through the height difference of the connecting rods to realize that the garlic seeds move downwards to enter the grading device;

(5) after the garlic seeds enter the grading device, the garlic grading treatment is realized by effectively controlling the vibration frequency.