CN113661801A

CN113661801A - Garlic sectioning and grading device and method

Info

Publication number: CN113661801A
Application number: CN202111003585.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张建华; 龙运芳; 宋琳; 胡向义; 傅振升
Original assignee: Shandong University
Current assignee: Shandong University
Priority date: 2021-08-30
Filing date: 2021-08-30
Publication date: 2021-11-19

Abstract

The invention discloses a garlic clove grading device and method, belonging to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and the technical scheme is as follows: the device comprises a primary valving device, a secondary valving device and a grading device which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, wherein the primary valving device comprises a fixed flexible roller and a movable flexible roller which are parallel to each other, and the movable flexible roller can move along the radial direction of the movable flexible roller; the secondary valving device comprises two groups of flexible washboards which are oppositely arranged, and the flexible washboards are connected with the moving mechanism so as to enable the opposite flexible washboards to move towards opposite directions; the grading device comprises a grading sieve connected with a vibration mechanism. The invention can pre-peel garlic, separate and classify garlic cloves without damaging the garlic cloves, and has adjustable relative position of the roller and sieve pore size and wide applicability.

Description

Garlic sectioning and grading device and method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a garlic clove grading device and method.

Background

The garlic needs to be subjected to splitting and grading before planting, but at present, most of garlic is manually peeled, split and graded, so that the labor cost is high, and time and labor are wasted. The prior art has some garlic clove separating and grading devices, such as a garlic clove separating and grading mechanical device, which comprises a chassis, a clove separating device and a grading device, which are mounted on the chassis, and although the garlic clove separating and grading device can realize garlic clove separating and grading, the structure is relatively complex, and due to the factors of the position limitation of a rubber roller, the unadjustable grading sieve hole and the like, the garlic clove separating and grading device can not be suitable for garlic with different quantities and sizes.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a garlic clove separating and grading device and method, which can pre-peel garlic, separate and grade garlic cloves on the premise of not damaging the garlic cloves, and have the advantages of adjustable relative positions of rollers and sieve pore sizes and wide applicability.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a garlic clove separating and grading device, which comprises a primary clove separating device, a secondary clove separating device and a grading device arranged in sequence from top to bottom,

the primary splitting device comprises a fixed flexible roller and a movable flexible roller which are parallel to each other, and the movable flexible roller can move along the radial direction of the movable flexible roller; the secondary valving device comprises two groups of flexible washboards which are oppositely arranged, and the flexible washboards are connected with the moving mechanism so as to enable the opposite flexible washboards to move towards opposite directions;

the grading device comprises a grading sieve connected with a vibration mechanism.

As a further implementation mode, the movable flexible roller is connected with the linear motion mechanism, and the fixed flexible roller and the movable flexible roller are both connected with a rotary power source.

As a further implementation manner, the working surfaces of the flexible washboards are inclined surfaces, and the inclined surfaces of the flexible washboards which are oppositely arranged are parallel to each other.

As a further implementation mode, a guide slideway is arranged between the primary valving device and the secondary valving device, and an air blower is installed on one side of the guide slideway.

As a further implementation, the moving mechanism is a first crank link mechanism.

As a further implementation manner, the classifying screen is obliquely arranged on the supporting frame, and the vibrating mechanism comprises a second crank link mechanism connected to the bottom of the classifying screen and a plurality of damping springs distributed on the circumference of the second crank link mechanism.

As a further implementation, the classifying screen comprises a plurality of screen plates which are arranged at intervals from top to bottom and the sizes of the screen holes of the screen plates are gradually reduced.

As a further implementation mode, except for the sieve plate at the lowest side, the lower sides of the other sieve plates are provided with adjusting plates attached to the bottom surfaces of the sieve plates; the adjusting plate is provided with adjusting holes corresponding to the sieve holes.

As a further implementation manner, the lower end of the adjusting plate is connected with a push plate, and the push plate extends from the bottom surface of the adjusting plate to the upper surface of the sieve plate adjacent to the push plate.

In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a garlic clove grading method, where the garlic clove grading device includes:

garlic is put into a feeding slideway above a primary splitting device, and slides between a fixed flexible roller and a movable flexible roller, and the garlic is subjected to differential relative rolling to be subjected to pre-peeling and primary splitting treatment;

the garlic after the primary splitting treatment passes through a guide slideway, and the air blower blows away the peeled skin;

the garlic falls into the flexible rubbing boards for secondary sectioning treatment and then falls into a grading sieve;

the classifying screen performs vibration classification treatment on the garlic cloves, and the garlic cloves are collected by a collecting device after classification.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) the invention comprises a primary valving device and a secondary valving device, wherein the primary valving device adopts rolling valving, the secondary valving device adopts twisting valving, and the success rate and the efficiency of valving are improved through the matching of rolling and twisting; and the primary splitting device and the secondary splitting device are both of flexible structures, so that damage to the garlic is reduced.

(2) The primary splitting device comprises a movable flexible roller and a fixed flexible roller, wherein the movable flexible roller is connected with a linear motion mechanism, so that the distance between the two rollers can be adjusted, the primary splitting device is suitable for garlic with different sizes, and the application range of the device is enlarged; and the rollers rotate at different speeds, so that the garlic is twisted relatively while rolling, and the splitting success rate is improved.

(3) The grading screen is provided with a plurality of layers, so that multi-level screening is realized; the sieve plate is correspondingly provided with an adjusting plate, and the size of the sieve mesh is adjusted through the adjusting plate so as to adapt to the change of the size of the garlic cloves, thereby increasing the applicability; and a vibration mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the classifying screen, so that sufficient classification is realized under the vibration action.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.

FIG. 1 is a right side schematic view of the present disclosure according to one or more embodiments;

FIG. 2 is a left isometric schematic illustration of the present invention in accordance with one or more embodiments;

FIG. 3 is a left side view of the present invention according to one or more embodiments;

FIG. 4 is a front view of the present invention in accordance with one or more embodiments;

FIG. 5 is a rear view of the present invention according to one or more embodiments;

FIG. 6(a) is a perspective view of the present invention according to one or more embodiments;

FIG. 6(b) is a partial enlarged view of FIG. 6(a) at A;

FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of a sizing screen structure according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 8(a) is a schematic view of a primary conditioning plate configuration of the present invention according to one or more embodiments;

FIG. 8(b) is a schematic diagram of a two-stage conditioning plate structure according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 8(c) is a side view of a two-stage conditioning plate according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 9(a) is a schematic illustration of a primary conditioning plate and a secondary conditioning plate installation of the present invention according to one or more embodiments;

FIG. 9(B) is a partial enlarged view of FIG. 9(a) at B;

FIG. 9(C) is a partial enlarged view at C of FIG. 9 (a);

wherein, 1, a support frame; 2. fixing the flexible roller; 3. a first motor; 4. moving the flexible roller; 5. a feeding slideway; 6. moving the nut; 7. a first bearing housing; 8. a hand wheel; 9. a first slider; 10. a first link; 11. a first crank; 12. a second motor; 13. grading and screening; 14. a first-stage regulating plate; 15. a second-stage adjusting plate; 16. a damping spring; 17. a third motor; 18. a second crank; 19. a second link; 20. a first flexible washboard; 21. a second flexible washboard; 22. a guide slide way; 23. a second slider; 24. a blower; 25. a support bar; 26. a third bearing seat; 27. a lead screw; 28. a first-stage sieve plate; 29. a second-stage sieve plate; 30. a third-stage sieve plate; 31. pushing the plate; 32. a primary outlet; 33. a secondary outlet; 34. a third outlet; 35. and a second bearing seat.

Detailed Description

The first embodiment is as follows:

the present embodiment provides a garlic clove separating and grading device, as shown in fig. 1-5, comprising a supporting frame 1, and a primary clove separating device, a secondary clove separating device and a grading device installed on the supporting frame 1, wherein the garlic is subjected to two times of clove separating processes and then is graded, and the graded garlic cloves are collected by a collecting device.

The support frame 1 of the embodiment is of a frame structure, the primary sectioning device, the secondary sectioning device and the grading device are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, a feeding slideway 5 positioned at the top of the support frame 1 is arranged above the primary sectioning device, and garlic enters the primary sectioning device through the feeding slideway 5; a guide slideway 22 is arranged between the primary splitting device and the secondary splitting device, an air blower 24 is arranged at one side of the guide slideway 22, and the air blower 24 is used for blowing off the fallen garlic skins.

Further, the primary splitting device comprises a fixed flexible roller 2 and a movable flexible roller 4 which are parallel to each other, and the movable flexible roller 4 is connected with a linear motion mechanism so that the movable flexible roller 4 can move towards or away from the fixed flexible roller 2; the garlic with different quantities is split by adjusting the distance between the movable flexible roller 4 and the fixed flexible roller 2.

Two ends of the fixed flexible roller 2 are respectively fixed with the support frame 1 through the first bearing seats 7, the fixed flexible roller 2 is connected with the motor, and the fixed flexible roller 2 is driven to rotate through the motor. Two ends of the movable flexible roller 4 are respectively connected with a second bearing seat 35, and the second bearing seats 35 are installed on the linear motion mechanism; and the movable flexible roller 4 is connected with the first motor 3, and the movable flexible roller 4 is driven to rotate by the first motor 3. The fixed flexible roller 2 and the movable flexible roller 4 rotate towards the inner side, and the fixed flexible roller and the movable flexible roller rotate at different speeds to peel and split the garlic for one time.

In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 6(a) and 6(b), the linear motion mechanism includes a lead screw 27, a moving nut 6, a second slider 23 and a slide rail, the moving nut 6 is in threaded connection with the lead screw 27, two ends of the moving nut 6 are respectively connected with one second slider 23 through a connecting rod, and a second bearing seat 35 is fixed on the upper side of the second slider 23; the second slider 23 is slidably connected to a slide rail, and the slide rail is fixed to the support frame 1. Under the action of the lead screw 27 and the moving nut 6, the second slider 23 moves along the sliding track, so as to change the distance between the moving flexible roller 4 and the fixed flexible roller 2.

The lead screw 27 is connected with a rotary power source, in the embodiment, the lead screw 27 is connected with a hand wheel 8, and the lead screw 27 is driven to rotate by the hand wheel 8. It will be appreciated that in other embodiments, the source of rotational power may be an electric motor.

Furthermore, the fixed flexible roller 2 and the movable flexible roller 4 are made of flexible materials, and the garlic cloves cannot be damaged by the flexible materials. The surfaces of the fixed flexible roller 2 and the moving flexible roller 4 are provided with a plurality of bulges which are uniformly distributed.

Furthermore, the secondary valving device comprises two groups of flexible washboards which are oppositely arranged, and one or more flexible washboards are arranged in each group. In this embodiment, each group of flexible washboards is provided with one, that is, the secondary split device of this embodiment includes a first flexible washboard 20 and a second flexible washboard 21 which are arranged oppositely, both the first flexible washboard 20 and the second flexible washboard 21 are connected with a moving mechanism, and under the action of the moving mechanism, the first flexible washboard 20 and the second flexible washboard 21 can move in opposite directions.

In this embodiment, the cross sections of the first flexible washboard 20 and the second flexible washboard 21 are trapezoidal, the opposite surface of the first flexible washboard 20 and the second flexible washboard 21 is a working surface, the working surface is an inclined rectangular surface, and the working surfaces of the first flexible washboard 20 and the second flexible washboard 21 are parallel to each other and spaced at a certain distance; the working surface is provided with a bulge so as to realize secondary valving under the rubbing action.

In this embodiment, the moving mechanism is a first crank-link mechanism, and includes a second motor 12, a first link 10, a first crank 11, and a first slider 9, where the first slider 9 is installed on a back side (a side opposite to the working surface) of a first flexible washboard 20 (a second flexible washboard 21), and the first slider 9 is connected to the support frame 1 in a sliding manner. In order to ensure stability, at least two first sliders 9 are provided.

One end of the first connecting rod 10 is connected with the back side of a first flexible washboard 20 (a second flexible washboard 21), and the other end is connected with a second motor 12 through a first crank 11; under the driving action of the second motor 12, the first flexible washboard 20 (the second flexible washboard 21) moves up and down along with the first slide block 9. In order to achieve the twisting and valving, when the first flexible washboard 20 moves downwards (upwards), the second flexible washboard 21 moves upwards (downwards); so that the distance between the two flexible washboards is circularly increased and decreased, and the secondary valving work is further completed.

Further, the grading device comprises a shell, a grading sieve 13 and a vibrating mechanism, wherein the grading sieve 13 is installed in the shell, the vibrating mechanism is installed at the bottom of the shell, and the grading sieve 13 vibrates under the action of the vibrating mechanism to realize garlic clove grading. The housing is installed to be inclined so that the garlic cloves can be discharged through the outlet.

As shown in fig. 7, the classifying screen 13 includes a plurality of layers of screen plates, and screen holes are uniformly distributed on the screen plates; the sieve plates are arranged at intervals from top to bottom, and the sizes of the sieve holes are gradually reduced. In the present embodiment, three layers of rectangular screen plates, i.e., a first-stage screen plate 28, a second-stage screen plate 29 and a third-stage screen plate 30, are provided; the sieve pores of the first-stage sieve plate 28 are larger elliptical pores, and can sieve out first-stage garlic cloves; the sieve pores of the second-stage sieve plate 29 are small elliptical pores, so that the second-stage garlic cloves can be sieved; the sieve pores of the third-stage sieve plate 30 are rectangular, and can sieve out the third-stage garlic cloves and the falling dregs.

Of course, in other embodiments, the number of the sieve plates may be other values, and the shape of the sieve holes may also be other shapes, such as circular holes.

In order to adapt the classifying screen 13 to different kinds of garlic, except the lowest sieve plate, the lower sides of the rest sieve plates are provided with adjusting plates attached to the bottom surfaces of the sieve plates so as to realize the size adjustment of the sieve holes. In this embodiment, a first-stage adjusting plate 14 shown in fig. 8(a) is disposed on the bottom surface of the first-stage screen deck 28, and the first-stage adjusting plate 14 is provided with adjusting holes corresponding to the size of the screen holes of the first-stage screen deck 28; the second-stage adjusting plate 15 shown in fig. 8(b) is provided on the bottom surface of the second-stage sieve plate 29, and the second-stage adjusting plate 15 is provided with adjusting holes corresponding to the sizes of the sieve holes of the second-stage sieve plate 29.

The first-stage adjusting plate 14 and the second-stage adjusting plate 15 are inserted from the high end of the shell and extend to the low end, and the overlapping area of the adjusting holes and the sieve holes is changed by pulling the first-stage adjusting plate 14 and the second-stage adjusting plate 15, so that the sieve holes are adjusted. As shown in fig. 9(a) and 9(b), in order to prevent the first-stage regulating plate 14 and the second-stage regulating plate 15 from sliding, the high ends of the two plates have a stopper plate perpendicular thereto.

Further, the lower end of the primary screen plate 28 corresponds to the primary outlet 32, and the primary outlet 32 is an opening formed at the lower end of the shell; the secondary outlet 33 can be arranged on one side, the tertiary outlet 34 can be arranged on the other side, the secondary outlet 33 corresponds to the position of the secondary sieve plate 29, and the tertiary outlet 34 corresponds to the position of the tertiary sieve plate 30.

The bottoms of the first-stage regulating plate 14 and the second-stage regulating plate 15 are both connected with a push plate 31, as shown in fig. 8(c) and fig. 9(c), the push plate 31 is fixed at the lower ends of the first-stage regulating plate 14 and the second-stage regulating plate 15 and is perpendicular to the first-stage regulating plate 14 and the second-stage regulating plate 15, and the push plate 31 extends from the bottom surface of the first-stage regulating plate 14 (the second-stage regulating plate 15) to the upper surface of the second-stage sieve plate 29 (the third-stage sieve plate 30); by pulling out the first-stage regulating plate 14 and the second-stage regulating plate 15, the garlic cloves stacked below are pushed to the upper end to be graded again, so that the garlic cloves are prevented from being stacked, and the garlic cloves are smoothly output from the corresponding outlets.

Furthermore, the vibration mechanism comprises a second crank link mechanism and a plurality of damping springs 16, the second crank link mechanism is installed at the bottom of the shell of the classifying screen 13, the damping springs 16 are distributed along the circumferential direction of the second crank link mechanism, one end of each damping spring 16 is fixed with the shell, and the other end of each damping spring is fixed with the support frame 1.

In order to ensure the structural stability, the second crank link mechanism of the embodiment includes two second links 19, and the two second links 19 are connected through a support rod 25; one end of the second connecting rod 19 is connected with the shell, the other end of the second connecting rod is connected with the second crank 18, the second crank 18 is connected with the third motor 17, and the vibration of the grading sieve 13 is realized through a crank-connecting rod mechanism driven by the third motor 17.

Example two:

the embodiment provides a garlic clove grading method, which adopts the garlic clove grading device of the embodiment one, and comprises the following steps:

the garlic is put into a feeding slideway 5 above the primary splitting device, and the garlic slides into a space between the fixed flexible roller 2 and the movable flexible roller 4, and is subjected to differential relative rolling to be subjected to pre-peeling and primary splitting treatment.

The garlic after the first splitting process passes through the guide chute 22 and the blower 24 blows the peeled skin away.

The garlic falls between the flexible rubbing boards and is subjected to secondary sectioning treatment by mutual movement of the two flexible rubbing boards which are arranged oppositely.

The garlic cloves after the secondary clove separation fall into the classifying screen 13, the classifying screen 13 is divided into three stages, the garlic cloves are screened by the three stages to reach a first stage outlet 32, a second stage outlet 33 and a third stage outlet 34, and are collected by a collecting device (such as a collecting bag).

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A garlic clove separating and grading device is characterized by comprising a primary clove separating device, a secondary clove separating device and a grading device which are arranged from top to bottom in sequence,

2. The garlic clove grading device according to claim 1, wherein the moving flexible roller is connected with a linear motion mechanism, and the fixed flexible roller and the moving flexible roller are both connected with a rotary power source.

3. The garlic clove splitting and grading device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the working surfaces of the flexible rubbing plates are inclined surfaces, and the inclined surfaces of the opposite flexible rubbing plates are parallel to each other.

4. The garlic clove grading device according to claim 1, wherein a guide slideway is arranged between the primary clove separating device and the secondary clove separating device, and a blower is arranged on one side of the guide slideway.

5. The garlic clove splitting apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the moving mechanism is a first crank link mechanism.

6. The garlic clove separating and grading device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the grading sieve is obliquely installed on the support frame, and the vibrating mechanism comprises a second crank link mechanism connected to the bottom of the grading sieve and a plurality of damping springs circumferentially distributed on the second crank link mechanism.

7. The garlic clove separating and classifying device according to claim 1 or 6, wherein the classifying screen comprises a plurality of screen plates which are spaced from top to bottom and have gradually reduced screen hole sizes.

8. A garlic clove grading device according to claim 7, wherein except the lowest sieve plate, the lower side of the rest sieve plates is provided with an adjusting plate attached to the bottom surface thereof; the adjusting plate is provided with adjusting holes corresponding to the sieve holes.

9. The garlic clove grading device according to claim 8, wherein the lower end of the regulating plate is connected with a push plate, and the push plate extends from the bottom surface of the regulating plate to the upper surface of the sieve plate adjacent thereto.

10. A garlic clove grading method, wherein the garlic clove grading device according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is used, comprising: