CN111545341A - Process for removing chromium from laterite-nickel ore - Google Patents
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- CN111545341A CN111545341A CN202010357447.XA CN202010357447A CN111545341A CN 111545341 A CN111545341 A CN 111545341A CN 202010357447 A CN202010357447 A CN 202010357447A CN 111545341 A CN111545341 A CN 111545341A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B7/00—Combinations of wet processes or apparatus with other processes or apparatus, e.g. for dressing ores or garbage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/005—Preliminary treatment of ores, e.g. by roasting or by the Krupp-Renn process
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/30—Obtaining chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- C22B34/32—Obtaining chromium
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Abstract
The invention discloses a process for removing chromium from laterite-nickel ore, which comprises the steps of S1, ore washing, S2 and chromium selecting, wherein raw ore pulp with the particle size of-1.5 mm is separated from laterite-nickel ore through ore washing, then coarse and fine classification is carried out to form coarse raw ore pulp with the particle size of +0.058mm to-1.5 mm, the coarse raw ore pulp enters a spiral chute to obtain tailings and concentrate, the concentrate enters a first-stage shaking table for screening to obtain a first-stage shaking table tailing and a first-stage shaking table concentrate, and the first-stage shaking table concentrate enters a second-stage shaking table for re-screening to obtain a second-stage shaking table tailing, a second-stage shaking table; and returning the middlings in the second-stage shaking table to the second-stage shaking table for recleaning after grinding, and performing magnetic separation after grinding the tailings in the first-stage shaking table and the tailings in the second-stage shaking table. The process for removing chromium from the laterite-nickel ore reduces the content of the chromite in the laterite-nickel ore raw ore, has high recovery rate of chromium concentrate, reduces the abrasion of the chromium concentrate on laterite-nickel ore hydrometallurgy equipment, and obtains partial chromium concentrate with qualified quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mineral separation, in particular to a process for removing chromium from laterite-nickel ore.
Background
The laterite-nickel ore is loose clay-shaped polymer containing oxides of elements such as nickel, iron, magnesium, cobalt, silicon, aluminum and the like, which is formed by long-term geological action of nickel-containing olivine bedrock, and the appearance of the laterite-nickel ore is red brown due to the fact that the iron element is oxidized seriously and is in a +3 valence state, so that the laterite-nickel ore is named as laterite-nickel ore. Laterite-nickel ore belongs to refractory type oxidized ore, and the nickel cannot be effectively enriched by a beneficiation method. At present, the development of laterite-nickel ore mainly comprises a fire method route (mainly RKEF ferronickel process) and a wet method route (mainly high-pressure acid leaching process). For the limonite layer with lower nickel grade in the laterite-nickel ore, the limonite layer can not be utilized in the pyrometallurgical process and can only be treated by hydrometallurgy. Hydrometallurgy, particularly high-pressure acid leaching, can corrode used equipment, and associated spinel type chromite in the laterite-nickel ore also has a strong abrasion effect on the equipment, so that expensive corrosion-resistant equipment is needed when the laterite-nickel ore is subjected to hydrometallurgy, the equipment cost is increased, and unpredictable safety risks can be brought. Therefore, in order to reduce the hydrometallurgical cost and improve the safety guarantee capability, the laterite-nickel ore generally needs to be subjected to chromium removal, i.e. chromite is removed from the laterite-nickel ore by a chromium removal process. Meanwhile, qualified chromium concentrate can be obtained in the process of ore dressing and chromium removal, so that comprehensive utilization of resources is realized, and chromium resources are supplemented.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art. Therefore, the invention provides a laterite-nickel ore chromium removal process, which can enrich and separate chromite in laterite-nickel ore, reduce the content of chromite in laterite-nickel ore raw ore, reduce the abrasion of chromium concentrate on laterite-nickel ore hydrometallurgy equipment, and obtain part of chromium concentrate with qualified quality.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the first aspect of the invention provides a process for removing chromium from laterite-nickel ore, which comprises the following steps:
s1, ore washing process: washing laterite-nickel ore, and separating raw ore pulp and ore with the particle size of-1.5 mm;
s2, chromium selecting procedure:
grading the thickness: carrying out coarse and fine classification on the raw ore pulp to obtain coarse raw ore pulp with the particle size of +0.058mm to-1.5 mm and fine raw ore pulp with the particle size of-0.058 mm, and feeding the fine raw ore pulp into a laterite-nickel ore finished product tank;
spiral chute-first-stage shaking table-second-stage shaking table: feeding the coarse raw ore pulp into a spiral chute to obtain tailings and concentrate, feeding the tailings into the laterite-nickel ore finished product tank, feeding the concentrate into a first-stage shaking table to be screened to obtain first-stage shaking table tailings and first-stage shaking table concentrate, and feeding the first-stage shaking table concentrate into a second-stage shaking table to be recleaning to obtain second-stage shaking table tailings, second-stage shaking table middlings and second-stage shaking table concentrate;
second-stage middling regrinding-returning to a shaking table: grinding the middlings in the second-stage shaking table, controlling the grinding granularity to be-0.074 mm and accounting for more than 80%, and returning to the second-stage shaking table for re-selection;
regrinding the first-stage shaking table tailings and the second-stage shaking table tailings, and carrying out magnetic separation: and (3) grinding the first-stage shaking table tailings and the second-stage shaking table tailings, controlling the grinding granularity to be-0.074 mm and accounting for more than 90%, and then carrying out magnetic separation. After the first-stage table tailings and the second-stage table tailings are ground by the ball mill, the chromite over-grinding phenomenon is inevitably generated, so that a small amount of chromite enters the tailings because the granularity is too fine and exceeds the sorting lower limit of the table, the strong magnetic separation chromite recovery operation is carried out on the first-stage table tailings and the second-stage table tailings, the strong magnetic separation concentrate is subjected to weak magnetic impurity removal to obtain chromium concentrate, and meanwhile, strong magnetic waste residues are generated, so that the recovery rate of the chromium concentrate is improved.
In the present application, "above" includes the present number.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the magnetic separation process comprises performing strong magnetic separation and weak magnetic separation in sequence, wherein the magnetic field strength of the strong magnetic separation is 9000-.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the flow rate of the water entering the first stage of the shaking table is 5 to 7L/min; when entering the second-stage shaking table, the flow velocity of the water flow of the second-stage shaking table is 3-4L/min.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the ore washing process uses a drum washer, a trough washer and a linear vibrating screen for combined ore washing.
According to some embodiments of the invention, in the ore washing process, the ore with the particle size of +35mm is separated by using a cylinder ore washer, the ore with the particle size of +2mm is separated by using a groove ore washer, and the ore with the particle size of +1.5mm is separated by using a linear vibrating screen.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the method further comprises the step of subjecting the ore to a crushing process, wherein the crushing size is controlled to be-200 mesh and is more than 90%. The main purpose of the crushing and grinding process is to crush the raw materials to a proper particle size, so as to be beneficial to subsequent ore washing, sorting and ore grinding grading operations.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the grinding process employs a one-stage closed circuit grinding process.
The embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the embodiment of the invention provides a chromium removal process for laterite-nickel ore, which comprises the steps of carrying out an ore washing process on laterite-nickel ore to separate the fine and coarse ore into large and coarse ore and fine-grained raw ore pulp, wherein the fine-grained raw ore pulp is processed by a process of 'coarse and fine grading-spiral chute-first-stage shaking table-second-stage shaking table-middling regrinding and returning to shaking table/tailing regrinding magnetic separation', concentrate obtained by the spiral chute is reselected by two-stage continuous shaking tables, second-stage shaking table concentrate obtained by the second-stage shaking table processing is chromium concentrate, and meanwhile, the second-stage shaking table middling obtained by the second-stage shaking table processing contains part of intergrowth, so that the chromium concentrate can be dissociated in a single body mode through the ore grinding processing of the two-stage shaking table middling and then returning to the shaking table for recleaning. In the chromium selecting process, because the chromite is inevitably over-ground after grinding, a small amount of chromite enters the tailings because the granularity is too fine and exceeds the lower selection limit of the shaking table, and in order to improve the recovery rate of the chromite, the embodiment of the invention adopts a mode of magnetic separation after grinding the tailings obtained by processing the first-stage shaking table and the second-stage shaking table, and chromium concentrate is obtained after magnetic separation and impurity removal. The process of the embodiment of the invention recovers a large amount of qualified chromium concentrate, has high recovery rate of the chromium concentrate, reduces the content of chromium element in the laterite-nickel ore and greatly reduces the abrasion to hydrometallurgy equipment.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a laterite-nickel ore washing process according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a chromium selection process according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of a grinding process of ore obtained in the ore washing process according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The concept and technical effects of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments to fully understand the objects, features and effects of the present invention. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and those skilled in the art can obtain other embodiments without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, and all embodiments are within the protection scope of the present invention.
Step S1, ore washing process: referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a flow chart of a process for washing laterite-nickel ore, wherein the process uses equipment such as a heavy plate feeder, a belt conveyor, a heavy cylinder washer and a trough washer.
The laterite nickel ore is taken as raw ore and enters a heavy plate feeder from a feeding bin, and the heavy plate feeder conveys the raw ore to a heavy cylinder washer for ore washing operation. The method comprises the following steps of separating out +35mm ore from a cylindrical ore washer, conveying the ore to a large storage yard through a belt conveyor, enabling overflow to enter a groove type ore washer, separating out +2mm ore from the groove type ore washer, conveying the ore to the large storage yard through the belt conveyor, enabling the overflow to enter a linear vibrating screen to separate out +1.5mm granular ore, conveying oversize products to the large storage yard through the belt conveyor, and enabling undersize products, namely raw ore pulp with the particle size of-1.5 mm, to enter a raw ore pulp storage tank.
Step S2, chromium selection step: referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a flow chart of a chromium selecting process according to an embodiment of the present invention, and apparatuses used in the chromium selecting process include a slurry pump, a hydrocyclone, a spiral chute, a shaker, an overflow ball mill, a strong magnetic separator, and a weak magnetic separator.
Grading the thickness: and feeding the operation product of the ore washing procedure (the raw ore pulp with the grain size of (-1.5 mm) into a raw ore pulp storage tank, pumping the raw ore pulp into a hydrocyclone through a slurry pump, and classifying the raw ore pulp through the hydrocyclone, wherein the overflow fineness is controlled to be minus 0.058mm, and the fine raw ore pulp with the grain size of minus 0.058mm is used as a finished product and enters a laterite-nickel ore finished product tank.
Spiral chute-first-stage shaking table-second-stage shaking table: the method comprises the steps of enabling cyclone settled sand (namely coarse raw ore pulp with the grain size of +0.058mm-1.5 mm) to enter a spiral chute and start reselection operation to obtain tailings and concentrate, enabling the spiral chute tailings to be light minerals and directly enter a laterite-nickel ore finished product tank, enabling the concentrate to enter a first-stage shaking table, controlling the flow velocity of water flow of the first-stage shaking table to be 5-7L/min, screening to obtain first-stage shaking table tailings and first-stage shaking table concentrate, enabling the first-stage shaking table tailings to be light minerals, enabling the first-stage shaking table concentrate to enter a second-stage shaking table, controlling the flow velocity of water flow of the second-stage shaking table to be 3-4L/min, and then performing reselection to obtain second-stage shaking.
Second-stage middling regrinding-returning to a shaking table: and (3) feeding the middlings in the second-stage shaking table into a ball mill-cyclone closed circuit grinding process, controlling the overflow fineness of the cyclone to be 80% within-0.074 mm, and returning to the second-stage shaking table for re-separation.
Regrinding the first-stage shaking table tailings and the second-stage shaking table tailings, and carrying out magnetic separation: and combining the first-stage shaking table tailings obtained through the first-stage shaking table treatment and the second-stage shaking table tailings obtained through the second-stage shaking table treatment, grinding the formed two-stage shaking table tailings through a ball mill, controlling the grinding granularity to be-0.074 mm and content to be 90%, then carrying out magnetic separation in a strong magnetic separator, wherein the magnetic field intensity of the strong magnetic separator is 9000 oersted, and carrying out weak magnetic impurity removal on the concentrate obtained through the strong magnetic separation to obtain chromium concentrate. The process flow is a process flow of 'spiral chute, shaking table, regrinding and recleaning and tailings and strong magnetic separation', the produced laterite-nickel ore finished product after chromium removal is subjected to subsequent leaching operation, the content of each element of chromium concentrate is ideal, the chemical component analysis is shown in table 1, and the laterite-nickel ore finished product can be directly sold by a commodity department.
TABLE 1 analysis of chemical composition of chromium concentrate
The inventor directly enters spiral chute tailings, first-stage shaking table tailings and second-stage shaking table tailings into a laterite-nickel ore finished product tank in the original test scheme, namely the first-stage shaking table tailings and the second-stage shaking table tailings are not treated, and then discovers Cr in the first-stage shaking table tailings and the second-stage shaking table tailings according to test data2O35.6% grade, high Cr content2O3The grade of the chromium concentrate is 36.58 percent, the recovery rate is 74.24 percent and the yield is 37.81 percent, which are obtained by only processing the chromium concentrate by a first-stage shaking table and a second-stage shaking table.
In order to recover the chromium concentrate as much as possible, the inventor adds a mode of returning the middlings of the second-stage shaking table to the shaking table for recleaning after grinding, and tailings of the first-stage shaking table and tailings of the second-stage shaking tableThe magnetic separation mode after grinding is carried out on the first-stage table tailings and the second-stage table tailings, the grinding granularity is controlled to be more than 90 percent at minus 0.074mm content when grinding is carried out on the first-stage table tailings and the second-stage table tailings, and the method aims to improve the monomer dissociation degree of chromite in the laterite-nickel ore through grinding and is beneficial to subsequent separation and recovery of chromium. Strong magnetic-weak magnetic recleaning is adopted after ore grinding, and table concentrator recleaning is not adopted, because the phenomenon of over grinding exists after ore grinding, the recleaning effect is not good, firstly, strong magnetic separation is used for recovering the chromite to the maximum extent, and then, weak magnetic separation is used for removing the strong magnetic Fe in the chromite3O4(strong magnetic waste residue), the optimized strong magnetic field intensity is 9000-10000 oersted, and the optimized weak magnetic field intensity is 1000-1200 oersted, after ore grinding and magnetic separation, the recovery rate is improved to 81.13 percent, and the yield is improved to 46.97 percent.
According to an embodiment of the invention, referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a flow chart of a crushing and grinding process of ore obtained from an ore washing process, and the crushing and grinding process mainly comprises: rubber belt conveyer, belt feeder, cone crusher (middle crushing), cone crusher (fine crushing), circular vibrating screen, overflow ball mill and swirler.
The large ore separated in the ore washing procedure is fed into a cone crusher (middle crusher) through a belt to be crushed, the crushed product enters a circular vibrating screen to be screened, the undersize product (less than 8mm) enters a ball mill to be subjected to grading closed circuit ore grinding operation, the oversize product enters the cone crusher (fine crusher), and the fine crushed product returns to the circular vibrating screen through a belt conveyor to be subjected to inspection and screening operation. And (2) feeding minus 8mm undersize products into an overflow ball mill through a belt conveyor to perform ore grinding operation, enabling ore grinding overflow to enter a swirler pulp tank, pumping ore pulp to a hydrocyclone through a slurry pump to perform classification, enabling swirler sand settling to return to the ore grinding, controlling the cyclone overflow fineness to be more than 90% of-0.074 mm (namely 200 meshes), and enabling the cyclone overflow to enter a laterite nickel ore finished product tank.
Claims (7)
1. A process for removing chromium from laterite-nickel ore is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, ore washing process: washing laterite-nickel ore, and separating raw ore pulp and ore with the particle size of-1.5 mm;
s2, chromium selecting procedure:
grading the thickness: carrying out coarse and fine classification on the raw ore pulp to obtain coarse raw ore pulp with the particle size of +0.058mm to-1.5 mm and fine raw ore pulp with the particle size of-0.058 mm, and feeding the fine raw ore pulp into a laterite-nickel ore finished product tank;
spiral chute-first-stage shaking table-second-stage shaking table: feeding the coarse raw ore pulp into a spiral chute to obtain tailings and concentrate, feeding the tailings into the laterite-nickel ore finished product tank, feeding the concentrate into a first-stage shaking table to be screened to obtain first-stage shaking table tailings and first-stage shaking table concentrate, and feeding the first-stage shaking table concentrate into a second-stage shaking table to be recleaning to obtain second-stage shaking table tailings, second-stage shaking table middlings and second-stage shaking table concentrate;
second-stage middling regrinding-returning to a shaking table: grinding the middlings in the second-stage shaking table, controlling the grinding granularity to be-0.074 mm and accounting for more than 80%, and returning to the second-stage shaking table for re-selection;
regrinding the first-stage shaking table tailings and the second-stage shaking table tailings, and carrying out magnetic separation: and (3) grinding the first-stage shaking table tailings and the second-stage shaking table tailings, controlling the grinding granularity to be-0.074 mm and accounting for more than 90%, and then carrying out magnetic separation.
2. The process for removing chromium from lateritic nickel ores according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic separation process comprises strong magnetic separation and weak magnetic separation in sequence, the magnetic field strength of the strong magnetic separation is 9000-10000 oersteds, and the magnetic field strength of the weak magnetic separation is 1000-1200 oersteds.
3. The process for removing chromium from lateritic nickel ores according to claim 1, wherein when entering the first-stage shaking table, the flow velocity of water in the first-stage shaking table is 5-7L/min; when entering the second-stage shaking table, the flow velocity of the water flow of the second-stage shaking table is 3-4L/min.
4. The process for removing chromium from lateritic nickel ores according to claim 1, wherein a cylindrical ore washer, a trough ore washer and a linear vibrating screen are adopted in the ore washing procedure for combined ore washing.
5. The process for removing chromium from lateritic nickel ores according to claim 4, wherein in the ore washing procedure, a cylinder ore washer is used to separate ores with the grain size of +35mm, a groove ore washer is used to separate ores with the grain size of +2mm, and a linear vibrating screen is used to separate ores with the grain size of +1.5 mm.
6. The process for removing chromium from lateritic nickel ores according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further including the step of subjecting the ore to a crushing process with a controlled crushing grain size of-200 mesh accounting for more than 90%.
7. The process for removing chromium from lateritic nickel ores according to claim 6, wherein the grinding process adopts a one-stage closed circuit grinding process.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN113941441A (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2022-01-18 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究总院股份有限公司 | Wet-type strong magnetic preselection method for low-grade chromite |
| CN116943856A (en) * | 2023-09-20 | 2023-10-27 | 矿冶科技集团有限公司 | Method for effectively recovering chromite |
| WO2023150855A3 (en) * | 2022-02-14 | 2023-11-02 | Lorintech Tecnologia S.A. | Method for obtaining a nickel ore concentrate, method for processing a nickel ore concentrate, and method for recovering materials derived from nickel ore |
| CN117222764A (en) * | 2023-07-27 | 2023-12-12 | 青美邦新能源材料有限公司 | Method for extracting nickel, cobalt and manganese from laterite-nickel ore by acid leaching |
| CN117295833A (en) * | 2023-07-26 | 2023-12-26 | 青美邦新能源材料有限公司 | Oxygen pressure leaching method for low nickel matte mixed laterite-nickel ore |
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