CN111531988B - 一种体育场馆抑菌铺装垫及其制作方法 - Google Patents
一种体育场馆抑菌铺装垫及其制作方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及体育场地制作技术领域，具体涉及一种体育场馆抑菌铺装垫，由若干层蜂窝网状丝圈层和底部抗菌层组成，蜂窝网状丝圈层和底部抗菌层通过热熔一体成型，蜂窝网状丝圈层由掺杂纳米银粒子的EVA复合纤维丝制成，底部抗菌层为掺杂有纳米氧化锌的具有吸附菌种能力的复合高分子材料，底部抗菌层的抑菌杀菌能力无限再生。该发明能够达到物理抑菌与化学抑菌组合抑菌的效果，且蜂窝网状丝圈层能够将菌种自动导向底层抗菌层，纳米氧化锌改性聚氨酯弹性体自生具有抑菌能力，且抑菌能力能够自我修复。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及体育场地制作技术领域，具体涉及一种体育场馆抑菌铺装垫及其制作方法。
背景技术
近年来，随着人们生活节奏的加快及生活水平的提高，越来越多的年轻人选择体育健身项目来增强自身的身体素质。于是，体育场馆越来越受到人们的光顾。人们对于体育场馆的要求较高，需要有较为舒适的弹力，还得无异味。但是体育场馆人员较多较杂，场地很容易产生细菌污染而发散出异味。
现有的体育场馆铺装垫为了达到抑菌作用，都会在制作时添加具有抑菌作用的纳米材料掺杂载体，但是这类铺装垫的抑菌率不太理想，并且抑菌时间不会保持的很长。而体育场馆一般都会很大，且配备很多的体育器材，要大面积地经常更换铺装垫显然不切实际。因此，如果能有一种自生具有抑菌能力的铺装材料，且能够自我修复抑菌能力，那无疑为最适合作为体育场馆抑菌铺装垫的。
发明内容
本发明为了克服上述技术问题，提供了一种体育场馆抑菌铺装垫，采用物理抑菌和化学抑菌组合抑菌的方式达到抑菌甚至杀菌的效果，能够自我修复抑菌能力，永久抑菌，且抑菌效果非常好，不用担心由于场馆内人员多而杂引起的细菌污染发散出异味的现象。
解决上述技术问题的技术方案如下：
一种体育场馆抑菌铺装垫，所述的铺装垫由若干层蜂窝网状丝圈层和底部抗菌层组成，所述的蜂窝网状丝圈层和底部抗菌层通过热熔一体成型，所述的蜂窝网状丝圈层至少为5层，所述的蜂窝网状丝圈层由掺杂纳米银粒子的EVA复合纤维丝制成，所述的底部抗菌层为掺杂有纳米氧化锌的具有吸附菌种能力的复合高分子材料，所述的底部抗菌层的抑菌杀菌能力无限再生。
进一步地说，所述的掺杂纳米银粒子的EVA复合纤维丝为将纳米银粒子掺入EVA乳液中进行交联得到纺丝原液，再湿法纺丝制得的复合纤维丝，所述的复合纤维丝的直径为500～2000μm。
进一步地说，所述的底部抗菌层为纳米氧化锌改性的聚氨酯弹性体。
进一步地说，所述的纳米氧化锌改性的聚氨酯弹性体包括A组分和B组分，所述的A组分和B组分的重量比为1～5:10，所述的A组分由30～40％重量百分比的二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和余量的聚醚多元醇组成，所述的B组分由35～55％重量百分比的纳米氧化锌粉末和余量的填料与助剂组成。
进一步地说，所述的聚氨酯弹性体经过紫外线辐照处理之后，再将纳米氧化锌粉末掺入到聚氨酯弹性体的组织内形成均一的纳米氧化锌改性的聚氨酯弹性体。
进一步地说，所述的二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯是4,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、2，4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯中的任意一种或两种的任意比例的混合物。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供上述体育场馆抑菌铺装垫的制作方法，包括以下步骤：
1)蜂窝网状丝圈层纤维的制备
采用EO数为24-28的高聚氧乙烯基非离子表面活性剂作为乳化剂，以去离子水为水相，水溶性自由基引发剂的作用下，将乙酸乙烯酯和乙烯进行聚合反应，得到EVA乳液，将粒径为25-50nm的纳米银粒子掺入EVA乳液中进行交联反应得到纺丝原液，将纺丝原液经过脱单脱泡后湿法纺丝制得直径在500～2000μm的纤维丝，将纤维丝利用纺丝机制备成蜂窝网状丝圈；
2)底部抗菌层的制备
按照配方，将聚醚多元醇加入到反应釜内，于90～100℃下搅拌，抽真空脱水脱气5～10min，然后降温至80～85℃，加入二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯，继续搅拌反应3～4h，形成A组分；
将A组分经过紫外线辐照处理，再按照配方,将B组分的纳米氧化锌粉末、填料和助剂加入至A组分内，于55～60℃聚合反应4.5～6h，制备成纳米氧化锌改性的聚氨酯弹性体；
将纳米氧化锌改性的聚氨酯弹性体挤出成型得厚度为1-3mm的均一片状抗菌层；
3)抑菌铺装垫的制备
将步骤1)得到的蜂窝网状丝圈层叠加至少5层，放置于底部抗菌层上，通过热熔一体成型工艺，将蜂窝网状丝圈层与底部抗菌层压制一体即得所述抑菌铺装垫。
进一步地说，步骤2)所述的辐照处理是指控制辐照功率为1100-1200W，紫外线波长为275-278nm。
更进一步地说，步骤3)所述的热熔温度为185-195℃，热熔压力为5±0.2kg。
本发明的有益效果是：
该发明提供了一种体育场馆抑菌铺装垫，通过采用蜂窝网状丝圈层的特殊材质和特殊结构，能够达到物理抑菌与化学抑菌组合抑菌的效果，且蜂窝网状丝圈层能够将菌种自动导向底层抗菌层，所述的底层抗菌层采用纳米氧化锌改性聚氨酯弹性体为挤出原料，能够延长铺装垫自身的使用寿命，最重要的一点是，纳米氧化锌改性聚氨酯弹性体自生具有抑菌能力，且抑菌能力能够自我修复。纳米氧化锌在掺入聚氨酯弹性体之前，将聚氨酯弹性体经过紫外线辐照处理，处理后的聚氨酯弹性体组织的表面经过预活化过程，可以更加均一地与纳米氧化锌结合，使得纳米氧化锌能够更好地掺入到聚氨酯弹性体的组织内，提升了纳米氧化锌和聚氨酯弹性体的相容性，协同发挥更好的机械性能和抑菌性能，从而延长最终产品的使用寿命。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
实施例1：
一种体育场馆抑菌铺装垫，铺装垫由5层蜂窝网状丝圈层和底部抗菌层组成，蜂窝网状丝圈层和底部抗菌层通过热熔一体成型，蜂窝网状丝圈层由掺杂纳米银粒子的EVA复合纤维丝制成，底部抗菌层为掺杂有纳米氧化锌的具有吸附菌种能力的复合高分子材料，底部抗菌层的抑菌杀菌能力无限再生。掺杂纳米银粒子的EVA复合纤维丝为将纳米银粒子掺入EVA乳液中进行交联得到纺丝原液，再湿法纺丝制得的复合纤维丝，复合纤维丝的直径为500μm。底部抗菌层为纳米氧化锌改性的聚氨酯弹性体。纳米氧化锌改性的聚氨酯弹性体包括A组分和B组分，A组分和B组分的重量比为1:10，A组分由30％重量百分比的4,4’二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和余量的聚醚多元醇组成，B组分由35％重量百分比的纳米氧化锌粉末和余量的填料与助剂组成。聚氨酯弹性体经过紫外线辐照处理之后，再将纳米氧化锌粉末掺入到聚氨酯弹性体的组织内形成均一的纳米氧化锌改性的聚氨酯弹性体。
上述体育场馆抑菌铺装垫的制作方法，包括以下步骤：
1)蜂窝网状丝圈层纤维的制备
采用EO数为24-28的高聚氧乙烯基非离子表面活性剂作为乳化剂，以去离子水为水相，水溶性自由基引发剂的作用下，将乙酸乙烯酯和乙烯进行聚合反应，得到EVA乳液，将粒径为25-50nm的纳米银粒子掺入EVA乳液中进行交联反应得到纺丝原液，将纺丝原液经过脱单脱泡后湿法纺丝制得直径在500μm的纤维丝，将纤维丝利用纺丝机制备成蜂窝网状丝圈；
2)底部抗菌层的制备
按照配方，将聚醚多元醇加入到反应釜内，于90℃下搅拌，抽真空脱水脱气10min，然后降温至80℃，加入二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯，继续搅拌反应3h，形成A组分；
将A组分经过紫外线辐照处理，辐照处理是指控制辐照功率为1100W，紫外线波长为275nm。再按照配方,将B组分的纳米氧化锌粉末、填料和助剂加入至A组分内，于55℃聚合反应6h，制备成纳米氧化锌改性的聚氨酯弹性体；
将纳米氧化锌改性的聚氨酯弹性体挤出成型得厚度为1mm的均一片状抗菌层；
3)抑菌铺装垫的制备
将步骤1)得到的蜂窝网状丝圈层叠加5层，放置于底部抗菌层上，通过热熔一体成型工艺，将蜂窝网状丝圈层与底部抗菌层压制一体即得所述抑菌铺装垫。热熔温度为185℃，热熔压力为5kg。
实施例2：
一种体育场馆抑菌铺装垫，铺装垫由6层蜂窝网状丝圈层和底部抗菌层组成，蜂窝网状丝圈层和底部抗菌层通过热熔一体成型，蜂窝网状丝圈层由掺杂纳米银粒子的EVA复合纤维丝制成，底部抗菌层为掺杂有纳米氧化锌的具有吸附菌种能力的复合高分子材料，底部抗菌层的抑菌杀菌能力无限再生。掺杂纳米银粒子的EVA复合纤维丝为将纳米银粒子掺入EVA乳液中进行交联得到纺丝原液，再湿法纺丝制得的复合纤维丝，复合纤维丝的直径为2000μm。底部抗菌层为纳米氧化锌改性的聚氨酯弹性体。纳米氧化锌改性的聚氨酯弹性体包括A组分和B组分，A组分和B组分的重量比为1:2，A组分由40％重量百分比的2，4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和余量的聚醚多元醇组成，B组分由55％重量百分比的纳米氧化锌粉末和余量的填料与助剂组成。聚氨酯弹性体经过紫外线辐照处理之后，再将纳米氧化锌粉末掺入到聚氨酯弹性体的组织内形成均一的纳米氧化锌改性的聚氨酯弹性体。
上述体育场馆抑菌铺装垫的制作方法，包括以下步骤：
1)蜂窝网状丝圈层纤维的制备
采用EO数为24-28的高聚氧乙烯基非离子表面活性剂作为乳化剂，以去离子水为水相，水溶性自由基引发剂的作用下，将乙酸乙烯酯和乙烯进行聚合反应，得到EVA乳液，将粒径为25-50nm的纳米银粒子掺入EVA乳液中进行交联反应得到纺丝原液，将纺丝原液经过脱单脱泡后湿法纺丝制得直径在2000μm的纤维丝，将纤维丝利用纺丝机制备成蜂窝网状丝圈；
2)底部抗菌层的制备
按照配方，将聚醚多元醇加入到反应釜内，于100℃下搅拌，抽真空脱水脱气5min，然后降温至85℃，加入二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯，继续搅拌反应4h，形成A组分；
将A组分经过紫外线辐照处理，辐照处理是指控制辐照功率为1200W，紫外线波长为278nm。再按照配方,将B组分的纳米氧化锌粉末、填料和助剂加入至A组分内，于60℃聚合反应4.5h，制备成纳米氧化锌改性的聚氨酯弹性体；
将纳米氧化锌改性的聚氨酯弹性体挤出成型得厚度为3mm的均一片状抗菌层；
3)抑菌铺装垫的制备
将步骤1)得到的蜂窝网状丝圈层叠加6层，放置于底部抗菌层上，通过热熔一体成型工艺，将蜂窝网状丝圈层与底部抗菌层压制一体即得所述抑菌铺装垫。热熔温度为195℃，热熔压力为4.8kg。
实施例3：
一种体育场馆抑菌铺装垫，铺装垫由7层蜂窝网状丝圈层和底部抗菌层组成，蜂窝网状丝圈层和底部抗菌层通过热熔一体成型，蜂窝网状丝圈层由掺杂纳米银粒子的EVA复合纤维丝制成，底部抗菌层为掺杂有纳米氧化锌的具有吸附菌种能力的复合高分子材料，底部抗菌层的抑菌杀菌能力无限再生。掺杂纳米银粒子的EVA复合纤维丝为将纳米银粒子掺入EVA乳液中进行交联得到纺丝原液，再湿法纺丝制得的复合纤维丝，复合纤维丝的直径为1000μm。底部抗菌层为纳米氧化锌改性的聚氨酯弹性体。纳米氧化锌改性的聚氨酯弹性体包括A组分和B组分，A组分和B组分的重量比为3:10，A组分由35％重量百分比的二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和余量的聚醚多元醇组成，B组分由45％重量百分比的纳米氧化锌粉末和余量的填料与助剂组成。聚氨酯弹性体经过紫外线辐照处理之后，再将纳米氧化锌粉末掺入到聚氨酯弹性体的组织内形成均一的纳米氧化锌改性的聚氨酯弹性体。二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯是4,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、2，4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯中的两种的任意比例的混合物。
上述体育场馆抑菌铺装垫的制作方法，包括以下步骤：
1)蜂窝网状丝圈层纤维的制备
采用EO数为24-28的高聚氧乙烯基非离子表面活性剂作为乳化剂，以去离子水为水相，水溶性自由基引发剂的作用下，将乙酸乙烯酯和乙烯进行聚合反应，得到EVA乳液，将粒径为25-50nm的纳米银粒子掺入EVA乳液中进行交联反应得到纺丝原液，将纺丝原液经过脱单脱泡后湿法纺丝制得直径在1000μm的纤维丝，将纤维丝利用纺丝机制备成蜂窝网状丝圈；
2)底部抗菌层的制备
按照配方，将聚醚多元醇加入到反应釜内，于95℃下搅拌，抽真空脱水脱气8min，然后降温至83℃，加入二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯，继续搅拌反应3.5h，形成A组分；
将A组分经过紫外线辐照处理，辐照处理是指控制辐照功率为1150W，紫外线波长为276nm。再按照配方,将B组分的纳米氧化锌粉末、填料和助剂加入至A组分内，于58℃聚合反应5h，制备成纳米氧化锌改性的聚氨酯弹性体；
将纳米氧化锌改性的聚氨酯弹性体挤出成型得厚度为2mm的均一片状抗菌层；
3)抑菌铺装垫的制备
将步骤1)得到的蜂窝网状丝圈层叠加7层，放置于底部抗菌层上，通过热熔一体成型工艺，将蜂窝网状丝圈层与底部抗菌层压制一体即得所述抑菌铺装垫。热熔温度为190℃，热熔压力为5.2kg。
对比例1：
由纳米聚氨酯弹性体制备的场地铺装材料
将分子量为1000-2000的聚醚二元醇60％加入到反应釜中，在85±5℃下搅拌，抽真空脱水脱气2h，冷却至50-60℃，加入4,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、2.4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯中的任意一种或两种的任意比例的混合物(MDI-50)40％，在85℃下反应2h，冷却至室温，得到A组分；
将纳米蒙脱土4％与其分子量为3000的丙三醇聚氧丙烯醚23％，加入到反应釜中搅拌混合，在85±5℃下抽真空脱水脱气1h，再加入3,5-二甲硫基甲苯二胺(E300)3.5％，氯化石蜡36％，滑石粉20％，二氧化硅粉1％，高岭土10％，铁红2.5％搅拌混合，升温至85℃抽真空，脱湿气1-2h，冷却至室温，得到B组分；
按照A组分：B组分质量比为1:3混合，然后加入量为A和B重量总和的20％黑橡胶粒，混合均匀后加入量为A和B组分重量总和的0.14％的异辛酸锌催化剂，搅拌，聚合固化，得出的用于体育场地铺装材料用的聚氨酯弹性体。
对比例1的场地铺装材料改变了传统聚氨酯弹性体体育场地用胶的配方，生产安全，由于不使用刺激性，伤害性的TDI，因而不会再对施工现场工人的眼睛造成伤害和致皮肤过敏，是一种环保型的场地铺装材料，但是不能达到长期抑菌甚至杀菌的效果。
对比例2：
按照如下配方称取原料：
正丙醇65份，异丙醇20份，去离子水15份，纳米银0.003份，环氧树脂80份；向球磨釜中加入树脂、纳米银和水，先在800rpm的转速下搅拌40min，然后升高转速至2500rpm继续搅拌20min，将所得混合液进行充分研磨，得到研磨混合液；再向研磨混合液中加入比例量的正丙醇和异丙醇，于反应釜中升温至80℃，搅拌反应15min，在功率为220W下超声处理10min，得到浆液；将上述浆液于分散机内，以3000rpm的转速下搅拌分散2h，得到涂层材料，将该涂层材料涂覆于现有场地铺装材料上。
对比例2得到的铺装材料，具有易清洁、不渗透水、不渗透油的特点，杀菌抑菌效果较好，但是涂覆于现有场地铺装上，无法达到长效抑菌的效果，且随着使用时间的延长，表面磨损过度大大降低了抑菌效果。
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例，并非对本发明做任何形式上的限制，凡是依据本发明的技术实质上对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化，均落入本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (3)
1.一种体育场馆抑菌铺装垫的制作方法，其特征在于，所述的体育场馆抑菌铺装垫由若干层蜂窝网状丝圈层和底部抗菌层组成，所述的蜂窝网状丝圈层和底部抗菌层通过热熔一体成型，所述的蜂窝网状丝圈层至少为5层，所述的蜂窝网状丝圈层由掺杂纳米银粒子的EVA复合纤维丝制成，所述的底部抗菌层为掺杂有纳米氧化锌的具有吸附菌种能力的复合高分子材料，所述的底部抗菌层的抑菌杀菌能力无限再生；
所述的掺杂纳米银粒子的EVA复合纤维丝为将纳米银粒子掺入EVA乳液中进行交联得到纺丝原液，再湿法纺丝制得的复合纤维丝，所述的复合纤维丝的直径为500～2000μm；
所述的底部抗菌层为纳米氧化锌改性的聚氨酯弹性体；所述的纳米氧化锌改性的聚氨酯弹性体包括A组分和B组分，所述的A组分和B组分的重量比为1～5:10，所述的A组分由30～40％重量百分比的二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和余量的聚醚多元醇组成，所述的B组分由35～55％重量百分比的纳米氧化锌粉末和余量的填料与助剂组成；
所述的聚氨酯弹性体经过紫外线辐照处理之后，再将纳米氧化锌粉末掺入到聚氨酯弹性体的组织内形成均一的纳米氧化锌改性的聚氨酯弹性体；
所述的二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯是4,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、2，4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯中的任意一种或两种的任意比例的混合物；
所述的制备方法包括以下步骤：
1)蜂窝网状丝圈层纤维的制备
采用EO数为24-28的高聚氧乙烯基非离子表面活性剂作为乳化剂，以去离子水为水相，水溶性自由基引发剂的作用下，将乙酸乙烯酯和乙烯进行聚合反应，得到EVA乳液，将粒径为25-50nm的纳米银粒子掺入EVA乳液中进行交联反应得到纺丝原液，将纺丝原液经过脱单脱泡后湿法纺丝制得直径在500～2000μm的纤维丝，将纤维丝利用纺丝机制备成蜂窝网状丝圈；
2)底部抗菌层的制备
按照配方，将聚醚多元醇加入到反应釜内，于90～100℃下搅拌，抽真空脱水脱气5～10min，然后降温至80～85℃，加入二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯，继续搅拌反应3～4h，形成A组分；
将A组分经过紫外线辐照处理，再按照配方,将B组分的纳米氧化锌粉末、填料和助剂加入至A组分内，于55～60℃聚合反应4.5～6h，制备成纳米氧化锌改性的聚氨酯弹性体；
将纳米氧化锌改性的聚氨酯弹性体挤出成型得厚度为1-3mm的均一片状抗菌层；
3)抑菌铺装垫的制备
将步骤1)得到的蜂窝网状丝圈层叠加至少5层，放置于底部抗菌层上，通过热熔一体成型工艺，将蜂窝网状丝圈层与底部抗菌层压制一体即得所述抑菌铺装垫。
2.根据权利要求1所述的体育场馆抑菌铺装垫的制作方法，其特征在于，步骤2)所述的辐照处理是指控制辐照功率为1100-1200W，紫外线波长为275-278nm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的体育场馆抑菌铺装垫的制作方法，其特征在于，步骤3)所述的热熔温度为185-195℃，热熔压力为5±0.2kg。
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